CN114931080A - Wetland plant matrix for ecological grid hydro-fluctuation belt and application thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a wetland plant substrate for an ecological grid hydro-fluctuation belt and application thereof. Belongs to the technical field of ecological restoration. The matrix comprises the following components in parts by mass: 900 parts of plain soil, 100 parts of organic fertilizer, 10-30 parts of slow-release silicon fertilizer, 10-20 parts of water-retaining agent and 1-3 parts of microbial agent. The invention is applied to the hydro-fluctuation belt paved with perforated bricks to form an ecological grid, can promote the field planting and propagation of wetland plants on the ecological perforated bricks of the hydro-fluctuation belt, resists the wind wave impact and the water flow scouring, has the characteristic of ecological environmental protection, realizes the vegetation recovery of the hydro-fluctuation belt and plays the ecological function.

Description

Wetland plant matrix for ecological grid hydro-fluctuation belt and application thereof

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of ecological restoration, in particular to a wetland plant substrate for an ecological grid hydro-fluctuation belt and application thereof.

Background

The hydro-fluctuation belt is a cross belt of an aquatic ecosystem and a land ecosystem such as a river, a lake and a ditch, is a special area with periodically fluctuating water level, is an ecological barrier for maintaining the water environment of a marsh gas in a river, a lake and a reservoir, can effectively absorb land pollutants, efficiently blocks runoff pollutants from diffusing to a water body, and has an important ecological function. The wetland vegetation in the water-level-fluctuating zone can effectively intercept, adsorb and absorb nitrogen and phosphorus nutrition and toxic and harmful pollutants carried by surface runoff, and prevent water pollution. Meanwhile, the plant root system can form a cross-linking effect with soil microorganisms, promote the nitrification and denitrification of the microorganisms and the phosphorus metabolism to reduce the nutrition of nitrogen and phosphorus, and passivate the toxicity of toxic pollutants. In addition, plant roots and soil matrix form a firm biophysical embedded structure, on one hand, water flow scouring is resisted, water and soil conservation is promoted, on the other hand, river flow velocity is slowed down, water body suspended particles are promoted to settle, soil fertility is enhanced, and therefore plant growth is promoted. Therefore, the construction, recovery or maintenance of wetland vegetation in the hydro-fluctuation belt has important significance for keeping the health of the aquatic ecosystem and the ecological service function.

However, the natural falling zone habitat is seriously damaged by artificial activities such as reclamation, land excavation, land hardening and the like for many years, the vegetation coverage rate of the wetland is remarkably reduced, and in addition, the flowing water is continuously washed, the soil of the falling zone losing the vegetation coverage is gradually barren, the ecological environment of the natural wetland of the falling zone is seriously degraded, and the ecological service function is completely lost. Through ecological restoration of the hydro-fluctuation belt, wetland vegetation in the hydro-fluctuation belt is constructed and restored, the ecological service function of the hydro-fluctuation belt can be restored, and the health of the river, lake and reservoir biogas water environment is maintained.

Because the hydro-fluctuation belt is always large in gradient and is influenced by water level fluctuation and wind wave impact for a long time, the degraded hydro-fluctuation belt is poor in soil quality and is seriously hardened, if a traditional turf laying or slurry spraying method is adopted, plants cannot be effectively bonded with the slope surface of the hydro-fluctuation belt, the plants cannot be planted and bred, and vegetation recovery cannot be achieved.

At present, the prior art mainly uses a method for restoring vegetation on a slope of a mountain land for reference, wherein firstly, turf is laid or grass seeds are sprayed, and then a layer of wire gauze is covered for fixing, and secondly, porous bricks are laid to form an ecological grid structure, and then wetland plants are transplanted. The two methods can solve the problem of slope environment of mountainous regions mainly influenced by rainfall, and have limited effect on solving the problem of vegetation restoration of the hydro-fluctuation belt eroded by water flow and wind waves for a long time.

The existing restoration technology has disadvantages, ecological environment protection is not slow, and a new process technology is urgently needed to solve the problems.

In conclusion, how to provide a wetland plant substrate for an ecological grid hydro-fluctuation belt and application thereof is a problem to be solved urgently by the technical personnel in the field.

Disclosure of Invention

In view of the above, the invention provides a wetland plant substrate for an ecological grid hydro-fluctuation belt and application thereof. The invention is applied to the hydro-fluctuation belt paved with perforated bricks to form an ecological grid, can promote the field planting and propagation of wetland plants on the ecological perforated bricks of the hydro-fluctuation belt, resists the wind wave impact and the water flow scouring, has the characteristic of ecological environmental protection, realizes the vegetation recovery of the hydro-fluctuation belt and plays the ecological function.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:

a wetland plant substrate for an ecological grid hydro-fluctuation belt comprises the following components in parts by weight: 900 parts of soil, 100 parts of organic fertilizer, 300 parts of slow-release silicon fertilizer, 10-30 parts of water-retaining agent and 1-3 parts of microbial agent.

Further, the wetland plant substrate for the ecological grid hydro-fluctuation belt comprises the following components in parts by weight: 750 parts of plain soil, 250 parts of organic fertilizer, 20 parts of slow-release silicon fertilizer, 10 parts of water-retaining agent and 1 part of microbial agent.

Furthermore, the vegetarian soil is obtained by digging the agroforestry vegetarian soil in situ and removing large-particle stones and large-volume plant residues.

Further, the preparation method of the organic fertilizer comprises the following steps: mixing straw and livestock and poultry manure according to the weight ratio of 7: 3, performing thick composting and decomposition, wherein the fermentation temperature is 60 ℃, the humidity is 60%, and the fermentation time is 30 days.

Further, the slow-release silicon fertilizer is fly ash.

The beneficial effects are as follows: the silicon element can effectively promote the growth and development of plants, particularly wetland plants, and the resistance to adverse environment, and promote the planting and breeding of the wetland plants; meanwhile, the porous structure of the fly ash can increase the porosity of the matrix, improve the water retention and ventilation of the matrix and promote the growth of plant roots.

Further, the water-retaining agent is France Edson A30 adhesive.

The beneficial effects are as follows: the France Edison A30 adhesive is a high-molecular synthetic water-soluble soil conditioner, belongs to an artificially synthesized organic compound, is colorless and tasteless, and has no pollution to the environment because the decomposed substances are water, carbon dioxide and nitrogen. Has stronger sedimentation and flocculation soil particles, forms a good agglomerate structure in soil, thereby forming an anti-scouring and anti-seepage carrier, promoting soil aggregates to form a porous structure and improving the soil moisture permeability. The soil conditioner has the characteristics of preventing soil loss caused by surface runoff, preserving soil and fertility, relieving and adjusting soil moisture evaporation and the like.

Further, the microbial agent is bacillus subtilis.

The beneficial effects are as follows: the bacillus subtilis has the function of fertilizing water, forms a cross-linked body with a porous structure of soil, decomposes organic substances to provide mineral elements and passivates toxic substances to provide a proper environment through a series of biochemical reactions such as oxidation, ammoniation, photosynthetic phosphorylation, nitrogen fixation and the like.

The application of the wetland plant substrate for the ecological grid hydro-fluctuation belt comprises the following steps:

(1) preparing raw materials: weighing the raw soil, the organic fertilizer, the water-retaining agent, the slow-release silicon fertilizer and the microbial agent in parts by weight;

(2) mixing raw materials: mixing the above materials, adding water, stirring, and molding to obtain matrix;

(3) embedding plants: taking 500g of the substrate, and wrapping 3-5 wetland plant seedling roots or 5-10g of seeds in the substrate;

(4) matrix wrapping: taking a biodegradable plastic film, wrapping the substrate for planting the wetland plants, reserving a seedling growing opening, and pricking a plurality of small holes in the biodegradable plastic film;

(5) in-situ planting: and (3) moving the wrapped wetland plants and the substrate into an ecological grid of the hydro-fluctuation belt, compacting and tamping by using in-situ soil, and watering at regular time for moisturizing.

Further, the biodegradable plastic film is a PBS film.

The beneficial effects are as follows: PBS is formed by condensation polymerization of succinic acid and butanediol, belongs to aliphatic polyester biodegradable plastic, is a currently recognized degradable plastic variety with the best comprehensive performance, can be completely biodegraded into carbon dioxide and water, and belongs to a novel environment-friendly material.

Further, in the step (2), 700-1500g of water is added to every 1kg of raw materials.

According to the technical scheme, compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects: the substrate formula is suitable for restoring degraded hydro-fluctuation zone vegetation ecosystems of rivers, lakes, wetlands, ditches and the like which are affected by water flow scouring by a seedling transplanting method or a seed sowing method of ecological grid hydro-fluctuation zone wetland plants, target plants comprise but are not limited to reed, cattail, calamus, iris, canna, wild rice, cyperus alternifolius, arrowhead, thalictrum, rhizoma alismatis and other hygrophytes or flooding-resistant plants, and the substrate formula has the following advantages:

(1) the silicon fertilizer is added, so that the mechanical strength of the plant supporting tissue is increased, and the resistance of the plant to wind wave impact is enhanced; the plant disease and insect resistance is enhanced, and the resistance of the plant to severe environment is enhanced; activates phosphorus element in soil, promotes plants to absorb and utilize nutrient elements such as phosphorus, calcium, magnesium and the like, and promotes wetland plant field planting and propagation. Meanwhile, the fly ash is a soil conditioner, and can activate beneficial microorganisms, improve soil, correct soil pH value, improve soil basicity, promote decomposition of organic fertilizers, inhibit soil germs, resist continuous cropping and reduce heavy metal pollution.

(2) The water-retaining agent can promote soil to form a granular structure, stabilize the slope matrix, prevent water and soil loss caused by hydraulic scouring and effectively fix seeds or plant seedlings; the porosity of soil aggregates is increased, the soil moisture permeability is improved, and a favorable habitat is provided for the development of plant root systems and the propagation of microorganisms; the fertilizer is protected and prevented from pollution, the soil nutrients are efficiently retained, the utilization rate of the fertilizer is improved, the content of nutrient elements of runoff water is reduced, and the river and lake water bodies are prevented from being polluted; no toxicity and harm, and the decomposed substances are water, carbon dioxide and nitrogen, so that the fertilizer is harmless to the environment and organisms.

(3) Beneficial strains are added to form a cross-linking effect with a matrix porous structure, so that the decomposition of organic fertilizer into mineral elements is promoted, nutrition is provided for plants, and the growth and propagation of the plants are promoted; meanwhile, the harmful toxin is passivated, and good conditions are provided for the growth of plant roots.

(4) The biodegradable plastic PBS is used for wrapping the soil matrix and the plant organisms, the PBS has the characteristic of water insolubility, has the mechanical strength of the traditional plastic, can effectively wrap and fix the matrix, can effectively resist water flow erosion and wind wave erosion when being used in cooperation with an ecological grid (perforated brick), and realizes the field planting of slope protection plants; meanwhile, the biodegradable polymer material has good biocompatibility and biological absorbability, is odorless and tasteless, is easily decomposed and metabolized by various microorganisms or enzymes in animals and plants in the nature, is finally decomposed into carbon dioxide and water, is a typical completely biodegradable polymer material, and thoroughly avoids secondary pollution.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be described clearly and completely below, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

The required medicament is a conventional experimental medicament purchased from a market channel; the unrecited experimental method is a conventional experimental method, and is not described in detail herein.

Example 1

(1) Preparing raw materials: weighing 750 parts of plain soil, 250 parts of organic fertilizer, 20 parts of slow-release silicon fertilizer, 10 parts of water-retaining agent and 1 part of microbial agent in parts by weight;

the native soil is obtained by digging agricultural and forestry native soil in situ, and removing large-particle stones and large-volume plant residues.

The preparation method of the organic fertilizer comprises the following steps: mixing straw and livestock and poultry manure according to the weight ratio of 7: 3, performing thick composting and decomposition, wherein the fermentation temperature is 60 ℃, the humidity is 60%, and the fermentation time is 30 days.

The slow release silicon fertilizer is fly ash.

The water retention agent is a french elson a30 adhesive.

The microbial agent is bacillus subtilis.

(2) Mixing raw materials: mixing the above materials, adding water, stirring, and molding to obtain matrix;

(3) embedding plants: taking 500g of the substrate, and wrapping the roots of the 3 wetland plant seedlings in the substrate;

(4) matrix wrapping: taking a biodegradable plastic film, wrapping the substrate for planting the wetland plants, reserving a seedling growing opening, and pricking a plurality of small holes in the biodegradable plastic film;

the biodegradable plastic film is a PBS film;

(5) in-situ planting: and (3) transferring the wrapped wetland plants and the matrix into an ecological grid of the hydro-fluctuation belt, compacting and tamping by using in-situ soil, and watering at regular time for moisturizing.

Comparative example 1

Vegetation slope protection method (201510401688.9)

Firstly, 250g of plant fiber material, 750 g of organic matter, cement, 4000g of soil, 50g of fertilizer, 1g of water retaining agent and 2240g of water are mixed, cement which accounts for 0-20% of the total weight of all the components is added, and a slope protection substrate mixture is obtained after uniform stirring; then, the slope protection matrix mixture is filled into a mold, is placed on a vibration table for dense forming, is placed in a standard curing room for curing after being formed, is demoulded after being cured for 3 days, and is soaked in a sealed environment to the age to obtain the slope protection matrix brick material; finally, the slope protection substrate bricks are arranged on the slope surface needing to be maintained, and then grass seeds are sown, irrigated and maintained according to a common method.

The disadvantages are as follows: the cement is used for hardening and fixing, so that the fusion of the culture medium and the in-situ soil is not facilitated.

Comparative example 2

Method for planting and community restoration of riparian zone slope protection plants (201810871261.9)

1) Surveying the terrain, width, plant type, soil texture and annual water level period change rule of a riparian zone;

2) uniformly mixing an agricultural water-retaining agent, fermented and decomposed crushed agricultural and forestry wastes and soil to prepare a planting hole filling matrix;

3) digging planting holes at the position of a riparian zone;

4) transplanting the seedlings by the plant collocation, the seedling specification and the planting hole density;

5) applying farmland water-retaining agent solution at the bottom of the planting hole during transplanting; after the nursery stock is placed in the hole, filling the planting hole with the prepared filling matrix;

6) and (3) transplanting and watering the plants, keeping the soil moist, timely covering the plant base and replanting dead areas of the plants after the water level is reduced in the next year, checking and maintaining regularly, and replacing dead seedlings timely.

The invention uses a plurality of materials to be mixed to prepare a culture substrate, and plants are transplanted after planting holes are dug in situ.

The disadvantages are as follows: the material without fixed matrix is not beneficial to plant planting.

Comparative example 3

Slope protection vegetation type asphalt mixture containing planting matrix and preparation method and application thereof (201610598741.3)

The mixture comprises an asphalt material and a planting matrix, wherein the asphalt material comprises the following components: 80-84 parts of rock asphalt, 7-8 parts of E-51 epoxy resin, 1-4 parts of methylhexahydrophthalic anhydride and 1-4 parts of hydrophilic auxiliary agent; the planting substrate comprises the following components: 3-5 parts of vermiculite powder, 4-6 parts of perlite powder, 2-4 parts of sodium carboxymethylcellulose, 4-7 parts of soilless culture nutrient solution, 1-3 parts of ferrous sulfate, 58-64 parts of nutrient soil, 8-11 parts of long-acting organic compound fertilizer, 1-5 parts of kieselguhr and 2-6 parts of coal cinder; the asphalt material is soaked in the plant matrix or the plant matrix is poured on the asphalt material.

The disadvantages are as follows: the asphalt for fixing the matrix is a solid waste pollutant which seriously pollutes the environment, and can continuously release toxic and harmful substances to the atmosphere and water bodies.

Comparative example 4

Ecological slope protection method for facilitating growth of slope plants (201811203736.3)

Burying non-woven fabrics into the soil at the top of the soil slope, laying grass planting grids on the non-woven fabrics, backfilling garden soil on the grass planting grids, and then sowing bermudagrass seeds; concave ditches are arranged on the soil slope at intervals in the direction parallel to the bottom edge of the slope, diversion ditches are arranged at intervals in the direction perpendicular to the bottom edge of the slope, and the diversion ditches are filled with non-woven bags; paving non-woven fabrics on the soil slope, covering the grid-shaped fabrics on the non-woven fabrics, scattering garden soil on the grid-shaped fabrics, and sowing shrub seeds and herbaceous flower seeds in the garden soil at intervals.

The invention uses non-woven fabrics to be bought into the soil, grass planting grids are laid on the non-woven fabrics, then soil is backfilled, and grass seeds are sowed.

The disadvantages are as follows: the non-woven fabric is degraded to form a large amount of micro-plastics, which brings serious micro-plastic pollution to soil environment and water environment.

The embodiments in the present description are described in a progressive manner, each embodiment focuses on differences from other embodiments, and the same and similar parts among the embodiments are referred to each other.

The previous description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims (9)

1. A wetland plant substrate for an ecological grid hydro-fluctuation belt is characterized by comprising the following components in parts by weight: 900 parts of soil, 100 parts of organic fertilizer, 300 parts of slow-release silicon fertilizer, 10-30 parts of water-retaining agent and 1-3 parts of microbial agent.

2. The wetland plant substrate for the ecological grid hydro-fluctuation belt as claimed in claim 1, which comprises the following components in parts by weight: 750 parts of plain soil, 250 parts of organic fertilizer, 20 parts of slow-release silicon fertilizer, 10 parts of water-retaining agent and 1 part of microbial agent.

3. The wetland plant substrate for the ecological grid hydro-fluctuation belt as claimed in any one of claims 1 or 2, wherein the preparation method of the organic fertilizer comprises the following steps: mixing straw and livestock and poultry manure according to the weight ratio of 7: 3, performing thick composting and decomposition, wherein the fermentation temperature is 60 ℃, the humidity is 60%, and the fermentation time is 30 days.

4. The wetland plant substrate for the ecological grid hydro-fluctuation belt according to any one of claims 1 or 2, wherein the slow-release silicon fertilizer is fly ash.

5. The wetland plant substrate for the ecological grid hydro-fluctuation belt according to any one of claims 1 and 2, wherein the water retention agent is a France Edison A30 adhesive.

6. The wetland plant substrate for the ecological gridding hydro-fluctuation belt according to any one of claims 1 or 2, wherein the microbial agent is bacillus subtilis.

7. The application of the wetland plant substrate for the ecological gridding hydro-fluctuation belt according to any one of claims 1 or 2, which comprises the following steps:

(1) preparing raw materials: weighing the raw soil, the organic fertilizer, the water-retaining agent, the slow-release silicon fertilizer and the microbial agent in parts by weight;

(2) mixing raw materials: mixing the above materials, adding water, stirring, and molding to obtain matrix;

(3) embedding plants: taking 500g of the matrix, and wrapping 3-5 wetland plant seedling roots or 5-10g of seeds in the matrix;

(4) matrix wrapping: taking a biodegradable plastic film, wrapping the substrate for planting the wetland plants, reserving a seedling growing opening, and pricking a plurality of small holes in the biodegradable plastic film;

(5) in-situ planting: and (3) moving the wrapped wetland plants and the substrate into an ecological grid of the hydro-fluctuation belt, compacting and tamping by using in-situ soil, and watering at regular time for moisturizing.

8. The use according to claim 7, wherein the biodegradable plastic film is a PBS film.

9. The use as claimed in claim 7, wherein in step (2) 700 g of water is added per 1kg of raw material.