CN114907166B - Efficient bio-organic fertilizer for vegetable planting and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Efficient bio-organic fertilizer for vegetable planting and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 38
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- 239000011573 trace mineral Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 29
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- 229930006000 Sucrose Natural products 0.000 claims abstract description 20
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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B7/00—Fertilisers based essentially on alkali or ammonium orthophosphates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
- C05G5/10—Solid or semi-solid fertilisers, e.g. powders
- C05G5/12—Granules or flakes
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a high-efficiency bio-organic fertilizer for vegetable planting and a preparation method thereof, belonging to the technical field of biological agriculture. The organic fertilizer disclosed by the invention is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 50-80 parts of crop straw, 30-60 parts of bean pulp, 20-60 parts of fermented bacterial manure, 5-15 parts of nanocellulose, 1-5 parts of urea, 3-7 parts of potassium sulfate, 1-5 parts of monoammonium phosphate, 1-5 parts of glucose, 1-4 parts of sucrose and 0.5-3 parts of medium trace elements. The organic fertilizer disclosed by the invention is rich in various nutrients and meets the growth requirements of most vegetables. Not only can promote the rooting of the vegetables, but also can promote the Vc and the content of soluble proteins of the vegetables, thereby effectively achieving the purpose of improving the quality of the vegetables; the microbial fertilizer can also promote the enzymatic activity of soil, increase the microbial quantity, avoid the negative influence of excessive use of chemical fertilizers on soil, and is safe and environment-friendly for various raw materials without peculiar smell, thus being an environment-friendly ecological fertilizer and being worthy of popularization and application.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of biological agriculture, and particularly relates to a high-efficiency bio-organic fertilizer for vegetable planting and a preparation method thereof.
Background
Vegetables are food indispensable in people's daily life, and are a main source of substances such as vitamins, carbohydrates, etc. The Chinese is the largest vegetable producing country and consuming country in the world, the organic vegetables have high economic benefit and high nutritive value, and the back of the organic vegetables have huge social benefit and economic benefit. The fertilizer is one of important factors for guaranteeing the quality and yield of crops, and the yield increasing effect of applying the fertilizer is particularly obvious, but excessive application of the fertilizer can cause a series of soil problems, so that the reduction of the fertilizer dosage is a problem to be solved urgently at present. At present, the policies of fertilizer reduction and synergy, replacement of fertilizer by organic fertilizer and the like are implemented in China, and the method is an effective means for solving the problems.
The organic fertilizer has comprehensive nutrients, lasting fertilizer efficiency and rich resources. Research shows that the application of the organic fertilizer can improve the utilization rate of the fertilizer, improve the environment, increase the soil fertility and slow down the acidification of the soil to a certain extent. However, the organic fertilizer contains a certain amount of salt, and part of acidic ions in the soil can be accumulated after long-term massive application; meanwhile, the organic fertilizer has the characteristics of long fertilizer efficiency and slow fertilizer efficiency, and the soil environment in each region has large difference, and the fertilizer requirement rules of different crops are different, so that the specific dosage of the organic fertilizer has no fixed requirement. The existing commercial organic fertilizer has slow fertilizer efficiency, can not meet the production requirement of the vegetables in the current season, has heavy smell and poor environmental friendliness, so that the existing commercial organic fertilizer is difficult to replace the fertilizer in whole or in large quantity for application in the actual production of the vegetables.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems of the organic fertilizer in the prior art, the invention provides the bio-organic fertilizer suitable for vegetables, solves the problems of poor fertilizer efficiency, single function and poor activity of the traditional organic fertilizer, improves the yield and quality of the vegetables, improves the biological activity of soil, reduces the use of chemical fertilizers to the greatest extent, and promotes the sustainable development of agriculture.
In order to achieve the technical purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the efficient bio-organic fertilizer for vegetable planting is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 50-80 parts of crop straw, 30-60 parts of bean pulp, 20-60 parts of fermented bacterial manure, 5-15 parts of nanocellulose, 1-5 parts of urea, 3-7 parts of potassium sulfate, 1-5 parts of monoammonium phosphate, 1-5 parts of glucose, 1-4 parts of sucrose and 0.5-3 parts of medium trace elements.
Further, the crop straw is corn straw, wheat straw or sorghum straw, and is crushed for use.
Further, the preparation method of the fermented bacterial fertilizer comprises the following steps: placing the fungus residue in a fermentation container, performing high-temperature steam treatment for 20-30min, adjusting the water content to 40-50%, adding the compound microbial agent into the fungus residue according to the proportion of 0.3-0.5g/mL, stirring uniformly, and fermenting at 20-30deg.C for 1-3 days; and after fermentation, adding chitosan with the mass of 0.05-0.15% and polyaspartic acid with the mass of 0.1-0.3% into the mixture, uniformly stirring the mixture, drying the mixture, crushing the mixture, and sieving the dried mixture to obtain the fermented bacterial fertilizer.
Further, the composite microbial agent is a giant keyhole limpet bacterium with a preservation number of CGMCC5.932 and a preservation number of CGMCC5.932
Aspergillus niger of CCTCC CF 2008691; the preparation method comprises the following steps: inoculating the large keyhole limpet bacteria and the aspergillus niger into an LB culture medium respectively, carrying out shake culture at 25-30 ℃ until the bacterial concentration is OD600 apprxeq 2.0, and then mixing according to the volume ratio of 1:1.
The invention relates to a huge keyhole limpet bacteria which is a commercial strain and is purchased from China general microbiological culture collection center (CGMCC) 5.932, and the preservation date is 8 months and 8 days of 2005. The Aspergillus niger with the preservation number of CCTCC CF2008691 is purchased from China center for type culture Collection, and the preservation address is No. 10 and No. 4 in 2004 of the university of Wuhan in China.
Further, the weight ratio of the medium trace elements to the Ca, mg, zn, B, fe and Mn metal elements is 5-10:1-3:0.6-1:0.8-1:0.05-0.1:0.06-0.1.
Further, the preparation method of the nanocellulose comprises the following steps: adding 5-10g of cellulose nanocrystalline into 50ml of chitosan solution with the mass fraction of 5-10%, adding 1-5g of gelatin, 0.5-1g of graphene oxide and 5-10g of ascorbic acid, stirring and reacting for 30min by a magnetic stirrer with the speed of 2000r/min, standing the suspension, filtering, washing and drying to obtain the nanocellulose.
A preparation method of a high-efficiency bio-organic fertilizer for vegetable planting comprises the following steps:
(1) Preparing a fermented bacterial fertilizer: placing the fungus residue in a fermentation container, performing high-temperature steam treatment for 20-30min, adjusting the water content to 40-50%, adding the compound microbial agent into the fungus residue according to the proportion of 0.3-0.5g/mL, stirring uniformly, and fermenting at 20-30deg.C for 1-3 days; adding chitosan with the mass of 0.05-0.15% and polyaspartic acid with the mass of 0.1-0.3% after fermentation, stirring uniformly, drying, crushing and sieving to obtain the fermented bacterial fertilizer;
(2) Sequentially adding the fermented bacterial fertilizer, the nanocellulose, the urea, the potassium sulfate, the monoammonium phosphate, the glucose, the sucrose, the medium trace elements, the crop straws and the soybean meal according to parts by weight, stirring and mixing, naturally airing until the water content is less than 10%, and then crushing into particles to obtain the final product organic fertilizer.
The raw materials of the invention are all commercially available.
The high-efficiency bio-organic fertilizer for vegetable planting is uniformly mixed with soil according to the mass ratio of 0.3-0.5 percent; or in field cultivation, the dosage is 100-200kg/666.7m 2 。
The edible fungus waste contains abundant mycoprotein, various metabolites and underutilized nutrient substances, has high organic matter content, and is a good compost raw material. The compost-treated bacterial dreg fertilizer has more nutrient available and better yield-increasing effect than other organic matter composting fertilizer.
Therefore, the invention takes the fungus dreg as the main raw material, adopts the giant keyhole limpet bacteria and the aspergillus niger to carry out mixed fermentation, and the aspergillus niger can efficiently decompose nutrient substances in the fungus dreg, and organic acids such as citric acid and saccharides can be generated in the fermentation process, and the substances can be used as signals for nutrient transport of vegetables so as to promote the absorption of the vegetables to nutrient in the organic fertilizer; the megakeyhole limpet bacteria have the capabilities of producing IAA, protease, cellulase and the like, promote the fermentation of Aspergillus niger, promote the growth, improve the quality of plants and strengthen the disease resistance; the two are mutually cooperated to realize the efficient fermentation of fungus residues so as to finally realize the improvement of the quality and the yield of vegetables.
Meanwhile, in order to ensure the fertilizer efficiency, the invention also adds a small amount of urea, potassium sulfate, monoammonium phosphate, glucose, sucrose, medium trace elements and other components as supplements to provide enough nutrient substances for the rapid growth of vegetables and promote the growth.
In order to prolong the fertilizer efficiency, the invention also adds nano cellulose, and the nano cellulose is subjected to composite modification to form a highly dispersed interpenetrating network structure, so that on one hand, the microbial agent can be adsorbed and fixed, the continuous action of microorganisms is protected, and the quality of crops is improved; secondly, the biological activity level of the soil can be improved, beneficial bacteria are protected, and the soil is activated; finally, the cross structure of the interpenetrating network can realize the slow release of nutrient substances, prolong the fertilizer efficiency, integrally prolong the service life of the organic fertilizer and reduce the application of the fertilizer.
Advantageous effects
1. The bio-organic fertilizer provided by the invention is rich in various nutrients, and can meet the growth requirements of most vegetables. Not only can promote the rooting of vegetables and improve the biomass of the vegetables, but also can improve the Vc and the content of soluble proteins of the vegetables, thereby effectively achieving the aim of improving the quality of the vegetables;
2. the bio-organic fertilizer disclosed by the invention can be used for improving the enzymatic activity of soil, increasing the number of microorganisms, improving the biological activity of the soil, avoiding the negative influence on the soil caused by excessive use of chemical fertilizers, and being safe, environment-friendly, odorless, green and pollution-free, and is an environment-friendly ecological fertilizer, so that the bio-organic fertilizer is worthy of popularization and application.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is an electron micrograph of the inside of fertilizer granules obtained in example 4, comparative examples 1-3 of the present invention, wherein A is example 4; b is comparative example 1; c is comparative example 2; d is comparative example 3.
Detailed Description
The technical scheme of the present invention is further described below with reference to specific examples, but is not limited thereto.
Example 1
The efficient bio-organic fertilizer for vegetable planting is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 50 parts of crop straw, 30 parts of bean pulp, 20 parts of fermented bacterial manure, 5 parts of nanocellulose, 1 part of urea, 3 parts of potassium sulfate, 1 part of monoammonium phosphate, 1 part of glucose, 1 part of sucrose and 0.5 part of medium and trace elements.
The crop straw is corn straw, and is crushed for use.
The preparation method of the fermented bacterial fertilizer comprises the following steps: placing the fungus residue in a fermentation container, performing high-temperature steam treatment for 20min, adjusting the water content to 40-50%, adding the compound microbial agent into the fungus residue according to the proportion of 0.3g/mL, stirring uniformly, and fermenting at 20-30deg.C for 1 day; and after fermentation, adding chitosan with the mass of 0.05% and polyaspartic acid with the mass of 0.1% into the mixture, uniformly stirring the mixture, drying the mixture, and crushing and sieving the dried mixture to obtain the fermented bacterial fertilizer.
The composite microbial agent consists of giant keyhole limpet bacteria with a preservation number of CGMCC5.932 and Aspergillus niger with a preservation number of CCTCC CF 2008691; the preparation method comprises the following steps: inoculating the large keyhole limpet bacteria and the aspergillus niger into an LB culture medium respectively, carrying out shake culture at 25-30 ℃ until the bacterial concentration is OD600 apprxeq 2.0, and then mixing according to the volume ratio of 1:1.
The megakeyhole limpet bacteria are commercial strains and are purchased from China general microbiological culture collection center (CGMCC) 5.932, and the preservation date is 8 months and 8 days of 2005. The Aspergillus niger with the preservation number of CCTCC CF2008691 is purchased from China center for type culture Collection, and the preservation address is No. 10 and No. 4 in 2004 of the university of Wuhan in China.
The weight ratio of the medium trace elements to the Ca, mg, zn, B, fe and Mn metal elements is 5:1:0.6:0.8:0.05:0.06.
The preparation method of the nanocellulose comprises the following steps: 5g of cellulose nanocrystalline is added into 50ml of chitosan solution with the mass fraction of 5%, 1g of gelatin, 0.5g of graphene oxide and 5g of ascorbic acid are added, and after stirring reaction for 30min by a magnetic stirrer with the speed of 2000r/min, the suspension is kept stand, filtered, washed and dried, so that the nanocellulose is obtained.
The cellulose nanocrystals (diameter 5-20nm, length 200-300 nm) of this example were purchased from Shanghai flash nanomaterial limited.
A preparation method of a high-efficiency bio-organic fertilizer for vegetable planting comprises the following steps:
(1) Preparing a fermented bacterial fertilizer: placing the fungus residue in a fermentation container, performing high-temperature steam treatment for 20min, adjusting the water content to 40-50%, adding the compound microbial agent into the fungus residue according to the proportion of 0.3g/mL, stirring uniformly, and fermenting at 20-30deg.C for 1 day; adding chitosan with the mass of 0.05% and polyaspartic acid with the mass of 0.1% into the fermented bacterial manure after fermentation is completed, uniformly stirring, drying, crushing and sieving to obtain the fermented bacterial manure;
(2) Sequentially adding the fermented bacterial fertilizer, the nanocellulose, the urea, the potassium sulfate, the monoammonium phosphate, the glucose, the sucrose, the medium trace elements, the crop straws and the soybean meal according to parts by weight, stirring and mixing, naturally airing until the water content is less than 10%, and then crushing into particles to obtain the final product organic fertilizer.
Example 2
The efficient bio-organic fertilizer for vegetable planting is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 60 parts of crop straw, 40 parts of bean pulp, 30 parts of fermented bacterial fertilizer, 8 parts of nano cellulose, 2 parts of urea, 4 parts of potassium sulfate, 2 parts of monoammonium phosphate, 3 parts of glucose, 2 parts of sucrose and 1 part of medium and trace elements.
The crop straw is wheat straw, and is crushed for use.
The preparation method of the fermented bacterial fertilizer comprises the following steps: placing the fungus residue in a fermentation container, performing high-temperature steam treatment for 20min, adjusting the water content to 40-50%, adding the compound microbial agent into the fungus residue according to the proportion of 0.4g/mL, stirring uniformly, and fermenting at 20-30deg.C for 2 days; and after fermentation, adding chitosan accounting for 0.1 percent of the mass of the fermented product and polyaspartic acid accounting for 0.2 percent of the mass of the fermented product, uniformly stirring, drying, crushing and sieving to obtain the fermented bacterial fertilizer.
The composite microbial agent consists of giant keyhole limpet bacteria with a preservation number of CGMCC5.932 and Aspergillus niger with a preservation number of CCTCC CF 2008691; the preparation method comprises the following steps: inoculating the large keyhole limpet bacteria and the aspergillus niger into an LB culture medium respectively, carrying out shake culture at 25-30 ℃ until the bacterial concentration is OD600 apprxeq 2.0, and then mixing according to the volume ratio of 1:1.
The megakeyhole limpet bacteria are commercial strains and are purchased from China general microbiological culture collection center (CGMCC) 5.932, and the preservation date is 8 months and 8 days of 2005. The Aspergillus niger with the preservation number of CCTCC CF2008691 is purchased from China center for type culture Collection, and the preservation address is No. 10 and No. 4 in 2004 of the university of Wuhan in China.
The weight ratio of the medium trace elements to the Ca, mg, zn, B, fe and Mn metal elements is 5:1:0.6:0.8:0.05:0.06.
The preparation method of the nanocellulose comprises the following steps: adding 7g of cellulose nanocrystalline into 50ml of chitosan solution with the mass fraction of 7%, adding 2g of gelatin, 0.7g of graphene oxide and 6g of ascorbic acid, stirring and reacting for 30min by a magnetic stirrer with the speed of 2000r/min, standing the suspension, filtering, washing and drying to obtain the nanocellulose.
The cellulose nanocrystals (diameter 5-20nm, length 200-300 nm) of this example were purchased from Shanghai flash nanomaterial limited.
A preparation method of a high-efficiency bio-organic fertilizer for vegetable planting comprises the following steps:
(1) Preparing a fermented bacterial fertilizer: placing the fungus residue in a fermentation container, performing high-temperature steam treatment for 20min, adjusting the water content to 40-50%, adding the compound microbial agent into the fungus residue according to the proportion of 0.4g/mL, stirring uniformly, and fermenting at 20-30deg.C for 2 days; adding chitosan with the mass of 0.1% and polyaspartic acid with the mass of 0.2% into the fermented product after fermentation, uniformly stirring, drying, crushing and sieving to obtain the fermented bacterial fertilizer;
(2) Sequentially adding the fermented bacterial fertilizer, the nanocellulose, the urea, the potassium sulfate, the monoammonium phosphate, the glucose, the sucrose, the medium trace elements, the crop straws and the soybean meal according to parts by weight, stirring and mixing, naturally airing until the water content is less than 10%, and then crushing into particles to obtain the final product organic fertilizer.
Example 3
The efficient bio-organic fertilizer for vegetable planting is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 70 parts of crop straw, 50 parts of bean pulp, 40 parts of fermented bacterial fertilizer, 11 parts of nano cellulose, 3 parts of urea, 5 parts of potassium sulfate, 3 parts of monoammonium phosphate, 2 parts of glucose, 3 parts of sucrose and 2 parts of medium and trace elements.
The crop straw is sorghum straw, and is crushed for use.
The preparation method of the fermented bacterial fertilizer comprises the following steps: placing the fungus residue in a fermentation container, performing high-temperature steam treatment for 30min, adjusting the water content to 40-50%, adding the compound microbial agent into the fungus residue according to the proportion of 0.5g/mL, stirring uniformly, and fermenting at 20-30deg.C for 1-3 days; and after fermentation, adding chitosan with the mass of 0.15% and polyaspartic acid with the mass of 0.3% into the mixture, uniformly stirring the mixture, drying the mixture, and crushing and sieving the dried mixture to obtain the fermented bacterial fertilizer.
The composite microbial agent consists of giant keyhole limpet bacteria with a preservation number of CGMCC5.932 and Aspergillus niger with a preservation number of CCTCC CF 2008691; the preparation method comprises the following steps: inoculating the large keyhole limpet bacteria and the aspergillus niger into an LB culture medium respectively, carrying out shake culture at 25-30 ℃ until the bacterial concentration is OD600 apprxeq 2.0, and then mixing according to the volume ratio of 1:1.
The megakeyhole limpet bacteria are commercial strains and are purchased from China general microbiological culture collection center (CGMCC) 5.932, and the preservation date is 8 months and 8 days of 2005. The Aspergillus niger with the preservation number of CCTCC CF2008691 is purchased from China center for type culture Collection, and the preservation address is No. 10 and No. 4 in 2004 of the university of Wuhan in China.
The weight ratio of the medium trace elements to the Ca, mg, zn, B, fe and Mn metal elements is 10:3:1:1:0.1:0.1.
The preparation method of the nanocellulose comprises the following steps: 10g of cellulose nanocrystalline is added into 50ml of chitosan solution with the mass fraction of 10%, 5g of gelatin, 1g of graphene oxide and 10g of ascorbic acid are added, the mixture is stirred by a magnetic stirrer with the speed of 2000r/min for reaction for 30min, and then the suspension is kept stand, filtered, washed and dried to obtain the nanocellulose.
The cellulose nanocrystals (diameter 5-20nm, length 200-300 nm) of this example were purchased from Shanghai flash nanomaterial limited.
A preparation method of a high-efficiency bio-organic fertilizer for vegetable planting comprises the following steps:
(1) Preparing a fermented bacterial fertilizer: placing the fungus residue in a fermentation container, performing high-temperature steam treatment for 30min, adjusting the water content to 40-50%, adding the compound microbial agent into the fungus residue according to the proportion of 0.5g/mL, stirring uniformly, and fermenting at 20-30deg.C for 3 days; adding chitosan with the mass of 0.15% and polyaspartic acid with the mass of 0.3% into the fermented bacterial manure after fermentation is completed, uniformly stirring, drying, crushing and sieving to obtain the fermented bacterial manure;
(2) Sequentially adding the fermented bacterial fertilizer, the nanocellulose, the urea, the potassium sulfate, the monoammonium phosphate, the glucose, the sucrose, the medium trace elements, the crop straws and the soybean meal according to parts by weight, stirring and mixing, naturally airing until the water content is less than 10%, and then crushing into particles to obtain the final product organic fertilizer.
Example 4
The efficient bio-organic fertilizer for vegetable planting is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 80 parts of crop straw, 60 parts of bean pulp, 60 parts of fermented bacterial fertilizer, 15 parts of nano cellulose, 5 parts of urea, 7 parts of potassium sulfate, 5 parts of monoammonium phosphate, 5 parts of glucose, 4 parts of sucrose and 3 parts of medium and trace elements.
The crop straw is corn straw, and is crushed for use.
The preparation method of the fermented bacterial fertilizer comprises the following steps: placing the fungus residue in a fermentation container, performing high-temperature steam treatment for 30min, adjusting the water content to 40-50%, adding the compound microbial agent into the fungus residue according to the proportion of 0.5g/mL, stirring uniformly, and fermenting at 20-30deg.C for 3 days; and after fermentation, adding chitosan with the mass of 0.15% and polyaspartic acid with the mass of 0.3% into the mixture, uniformly stirring the mixture, drying the mixture, and crushing and sieving the dried mixture to obtain the fermented bacterial fertilizer.
The composite microbial agent consists of giant keyhole limpet bacteria with a preservation number of CGMCC5.932 and Aspergillus niger with a preservation number of CCTCC CF 2008691; the preparation method comprises the following steps: inoculating the large keyhole limpet bacteria and the aspergillus niger into an LB culture medium respectively, carrying out shake culture at 25-30 ℃ until the bacterial concentration is OD600 apprxeq 2.0, and then mixing according to the volume ratio of 1:1.
The megakeyhole limpet bacteria are commercial strains and are purchased from China general microbiological culture collection center (CGMCC) 5.932, and the preservation date is 8 months and 8 days of 2005. The Aspergillus niger with the preservation number of CCTCC CF2008691 is purchased from China center for type culture Collection, and the preservation address is No. 10 and No. 4 in 2004 of the university of Wuhan in China.
The weight ratio of the medium trace elements to the Ca, mg, zn, B, fe and Mn metal elements is 10:3:1:1:0.1:0.1.
The preparation method of the nanocellulose comprises the following steps: 10g of cellulose nanocrystalline is added into 50ml of chitosan solution with the mass fraction of 10%, 5g of gelatin, 1g of graphene oxide and 10g of ascorbic acid are added, the mixture is stirred by a magnetic stirrer with the speed of 2000r/min for reaction for 30min, and then the suspension is kept stand, filtered, washed and dried to obtain the nanocellulose.
The cellulose nanocrystals (diameter 5-20nm, length 200-300 nm) of this example were purchased from Shanghai flash nanomaterial limited.
A preparation method of a high-efficiency bio-organic fertilizer for vegetable planting comprises the following steps:
(1) Preparing a fermented bacterial fertilizer: placing the fungus residue in a fermentation container, performing high-temperature steam treatment for 30min, adjusting the water content to 40-50%, adding the compound microbial agent into the fungus residue according to the proportion of 0.5g/mL, stirring uniformly, and fermenting at 20-30deg.C for 3 days; adding chitosan with the mass of 0.15% and polyaspartic acid with the mass of 0.3% into the fermented bacterial manure after fermentation is completed, uniformly stirring, drying, crushing and sieving to obtain the fermented bacterial manure;
(2) Sequentially adding the fermented bacterial fertilizer, the nanocellulose, the urea, the potassium sulfate, the monoammonium phosphate, the glucose, the sucrose, the medium trace elements, the crop straws and the soybean meal according to parts by weight, stirring and mixing, naturally airing until the water content is less than 10%, and then crushing into particles to obtain the final product organic fertilizer.
Comparative example 1
The efficient bio-organic fertilizer for vegetable planting is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 80 parts of crop straw, 60 parts of bean pulp, 60 parts of fermented bacterial fertilizer, 15 parts of nano cellulose, 5 parts of urea, 7 parts of potassium sulfate, 5 parts of monoammonium phosphate, 5 parts of glucose, 4 parts of sucrose and 3 parts of medium and trace elements.
The crop straw is corn straw, and is crushed for use.
The preparation method of the fermented bacterial fertilizer comprises the following steps: placing the fungus residue in a fermentation container, performing high-temperature steam treatment for 30min, adjusting the water content to 40-50%, adding microbial agent into the fungus residue according to the proportion of 0.5g/mL, stirring uniformly, and fermenting at 20-30deg.C for 3 days; and after fermentation, adding chitosan with the mass of 0.15% and polyaspartic acid with the mass of 0.3% into the mixture, uniformly stirring the mixture, drying the mixture, and crushing and sieving the dried mixture to obtain the fermented bacterial fertilizer.
The microbial agent is a giant keyhole limpet bacterium with a preservation number of CGMCC 5.932; the preparation method comprises the following steps: inoculating the large keyhole limpet bacteria into an LB culture medium, and culturing in a shaking way at 25-30 ℃ until the bacterial concentration is OD600 apprxeq 2.0.
The megakeyhole limpet bacteria are commercial strains and are purchased from China general microbiological culture collection center (CGMCC) 5.932, and the preservation date is 8 months and 8 days of 2005. The weight ratio of the medium trace elements to the Ca, mg, zn, B, fe and Mn metal elements is 10:3:1:1:0.1:0.1.
The preparation method of the nanocellulose comprises the following steps: 10g of cellulose nanocrystalline is added into 50ml of chitosan solution with the mass fraction of 10%, 5g of gelatin, 1g of graphene oxide and 10g of ascorbic acid are added, the mixture is stirred by a magnetic stirrer with the speed of 2000r/min for reaction for 30min, and then the suspension is kept stand, filtered, washed and dried to obtain the nanocellulose.
A preparation method of a high-efficiency bio-organic fertilizer for vegetable planting comprises the following steps:
(1) Preparing a fermented bacterial fertilizer: placing the fungus residue in a fermentation container, performing high-temperature steam treatment for 30min, adjusting the water content to 40-50%, adding microbial agent into the fungus residue according to the proportion of 0.5g/mL, stirring uniformly, and fermenting at 20-30deg.C for 3 days; adding chitosan with the mass of 0.15% and polyaspartic acid with the mass of 0.3% into the fermented bacterial manure after fermentation is completed, uniformly stirring, drying, crushing and sieving to obtain the fermented bacterial manure;
(2) Sequentially adding the fermented bacterial fertilizer, the nanocellulose, the urea, the potassium sulfate, the monoammonium phosphate, the glucose, the sucrose, the medium trace elements, the crop straws and the soybean meal according to parts by weight, stirring and mixing, naturally airing until the water content is less than 10%, and then crushing into particles to obtain the final product organic fertilizer.
The comparative example was conducted in the same manner as in example 4 except that only the fermentation residue of trametes megaterium was used.
Comparative example 2
The efficient bio-organic fertilizer for vegetable planting is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 80 parts of crop straw, 60 parts of bean pulp, 60 parts of fermented bacterial fertilizer, 15 parts of nano cellulose, 5 parts of urea, 7 parts of potassium sulfate, 5 parts of monoammonium phosphate, 5 parts of glucose, 4 parts of sucrose and 3 parts of medium and trace elements.
The crop straw is corn straw, and is crushed for use.
The preparation method of the fermented bacterial fertilizer comprises the following steps: placing the fungus residue in a fermentation container, performing high-temperature steam treatment for 30min, adjusting the water content to 40-50%, adding microbial agent into the fungus residue according to the proportion of 0.5g/mL, stirring uniformly, and fermenting at 20-30deg.C for 3 days; and after fermentation, adding chitosan with the mass of 0.15% and polyaspartic acid with the mass of 0.3% into the mixture, uniformly stirring the mixture, drying the mixture, and crushing and sieving the dried mixture to obtain the fermented bacterial fertilizer.
The microbial agent is aspergillus niger with a preservation number of CCTCC CF 2008691; the preparation method comprises the following steps: inoculating Aspergillus niger into LB culture medium, shake culturing at 25-30deg.C until the bacterial concentration is OD600 ≡2.0, and mixing at a volume ratio of 1:1.
The Aspergillus niger with the preservation number of CCTCC CF2008691 is purchased from China center for type culture Collection, and the preservation address is No. 10 and No. 4 in 2004 of the university of Wuhan in China.
The weight ratio of the medium trace elements to the Ca, mg, zn, B, fe and Mn metal elements is 10:3:1:1:0.1:0.1.
The preparation method of the nanocellulose comprises the following steps: 10g of cellulose nanocrystalline is added into 50ml of chitosan solution with the mass fraction of 10%, 5g of gelatin, 1g of graphene oxide and 10g of ascorbic acid are added, the mixture is stirred by a magnetic stirrer with the speed of 2000r/min for reaction for 30min, and then the suspension is kept stand, filtered, washed and dried to obtain the nanocellulose.
A preparation method of a high-efficiency bio-organic fertilizer for vegetable planting comprises the following steps:
(1) Preparing a fermented bacterial fertilizer: placing the fungus residue in a fermentation container, performing high-temperature steam treatment for 30min, adjusting the water content to 40-50%, adding microbial agent into the fungus residue according to the proportion of 0.5g/mL, stirring uniformly, and fermenting at 20-30deg.C for 3 days; adding chitosan with the mass of 0.15% and polyaspartic acid with the mass of 0.3% into the fermented bacterial manure after fermentation is completed, uniformly stirring, drying, crushing and sieving to obtain the fermented bacterial manure;
(2) Sequentially adding the fermented bacterial fertilizer, the nanocellulose, the urea, the potassium sulfate, the monoammonium phosphate, the glucose, the sucrose, the medium trace elements, the crop straws and the soybean meal according to parts by weight, stirring and mixing, naturally airing until the water content is less than 10%, and then crushing into particles to obtain the final product organic fertilizer.
This comparative example was conducted in the same manner as in example 4 except that only Aspergillus niger fermentation residue was used.
Comparative example 3
The efficient bio-organic fertilizer for vegetable planting is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 80 parts of crop straw, 60 parts of bean pulp, 60 parts of fermented bacterial fertilizer, 15 parts of nano cellulose, 5 parts of urea, 7 parts of potassium sulfate, 5 parts of monoammonium phosphate, 5 parts of glucose, 4 parts of sucrose and 3 parts of medium and trace elements.
The crop straw is corn straw, and is crushed for use.
The preparation method of the fermented bacterial fertilizer comprises the following steps: placing the fungus residue in a fermentation container, performing high-temperature steam treatment for 30min, adjusting the water content to 40-50%, adding the compound microbial agent into the fungus residue according to the proportion of 0.5g/mL, stirring uniformly, and fermenting at 20-30deg.C for 3 days; and after fermentation, adding chitosan with the mass of 0.15% and polyaspartic acid with the mass of 0.3% into the mixture, uniformly stirring the mixture, drying the mixture, and crushing and sieving the dried mixture to obtain the fermented bacterial fertilizer.
The composite microbial agent consists of giant keyhole limpet bacteria with a preservation number of CGMCC5.932 and Aspergillus niger with a preservation number of CCTCC CF 2008691; the preparation method comprises the following steps: inoculating the large keyhole limpet bacteria and the aspergillus niger into an LB culture medium respectively, carrying out shake culture at 25-30 ℃ until the bacterial concentration is OD600 apprxeq 2.0, and then mixing according to the volume ratio of 1:1.
The megakeyhole limpet bacteria are commercial strains and are purchased from China general microbiological culture collection center (CGMCC) 5.932, and the preservation date is 8 months and 8 days of 2005. The Aspergillus niger with the preservation number of CCTCC CF2008691 is purchased from China center for type culture Collection, and the preservation address is No. 10 and No. 4 in 2004 of the university of Wuhan in China.
The weight ratio of the medium trace elements to the Ca, mg, zn, B, fe and Mn metal elements is 10:3:1:1:0.1:0.1.
The nanocellulose is a cellulose nanocrystalline, a commercial product and is not subjected to any modification. The cellulose nanocrystals of this comparative example (diameter 5-20nm, length 200-300 nm) were purchased from Shanghai flash nanomaterials, inc.
A preparation method of a high-efficiency bio-organic fertilizer for vegetable planting comprises the following steps:
(1) Preparing a fermented bacterial fertilizer: placing the fungus residue in a fermentation container, performing high-temperature steam treatment for 30min, adjusting the water content to 40-50%, adding the compound microbial agent into the fungus residue according to the proportion of 0.5g/mL, stirring uniformly, and fermenting at 20-30deg.C for 3 days; adding chitosan with the mass of 0.15% and polyaspartic acid with the mass of 0.3% into the fermented bacterial manure after fermentation is completed, uniformly stirring, drying, crushing and sieving to obtain the fermented bacterial manure;
(2) Sequentially adding the fermented bacterial fertilizer, the nanocellulose, the urea, the potassium sulfate, the monoammonium phosphate, the glucose, the sucrose, the medium trace elements, the crop straws and the soybean meal according to parts by weight, stirring and mixing, naturally airing until the water content is less than 10%, and then crushing into particles to obtain the final product organic fertilizer.
Performance testing
The test unit area of each greenhouse is 200m by adopting a greenhouse 2 The sowing density of each vegetable shed is the same and is 100kg/667m 2 The fertilizers obtained in examples 1 to 4 and comparative examples 1 to 3 of the present invention were applied, and all of the fertilizers were applied as base fertilizers.
The test crops are tomato, garlic, broccoli, chinese cabbage, cucumber, capsicum and white radish. The yield and disease number of different vegetables were counted during the harvest period (disease plants include all disease plants, and disease types are not classified).
The test results are shown in table 1:
TABLE 1 planting test results
Selecting Chinese cabbage as yield and quality related index measurement:
during harvesting, 5 plants are randomly selected from each cell to perform Chinese cabbage quality measurement, the content of soluble sugar is measured by adopting an anthrone colorimetric method, the content of crude protein is measured by adopting a micro Kjeldahl method, the content of vitamin C is measured by adopting a 2, 6-dichloro indophenol titration method, the content of nitrate is measured by adopting a salicylic acid nitration colorimetric method, and the content of crude fiber is measured by adopting a sulfuric acid-anthrone method.
TABLE 2 determination of Chinese cabbage quality
Determination of soil enzyme Activity and number of culturable microorganisms:
in the heading compacting period, each cell adopts a W multipoint method (9 sampling points are selected), and 0-20 cm of plough layer soil is collected around the root system of the celery cabbage for relevant index analysis. The collected soil sample is divided into 2 parts after being fully and uniformly mixed, and one part of ventilation part is naturally air-dried and used for measuring the enzymatic activity and organic matters of the soil; the other part is put in a refrigerator with the temperature of 4 ℃ for cold storage and is measured as soon as possible for the microorganisms capable of being cultivated in the soil. The soil urease activity is determined by adopting a phenol-sodium hypochlorite colorimetric method, and the organic matters are determined by adopting a potassium dichromate method. The method comprises the steps of (1) measuring the number of culturable microorganisms, separating bacteria, fungi and actinomycetes in soil by adopting a dilution coating plate method, counting colonies by using a plate colony counting method, and carrying out classified culture on the bacteria by using beef extract protein vein agar culture medium; culturing fungi with Ma Dingshi culture medium; actinomycetes were cultured in Gao's No. 1 medium.
Table 3 soil test results
From the data in the table, we can see that the organic fertilizer obtained in the embodiments 1-4 of the invention greatly improves the activity and the biological diversity of soil urease, because the fermentation residues and the nanocellulose are added, the fermentation residues can increase the organic matter content of soil on one hand and the activity of soil enzyme on the other hand. The addition of the nanocellulose improves the soil structure, provides good growth and propagation habitat for soil fungi, effectively adsorbs microorganisms such as the soil fungi and the like, and provides a carrier for the soil fungi. The electron microscope image of the fertilizer particles also shows that the complex interpenetrating network structure can provide effective protection for soil for microorganisms, thereby increasing the diversity of the soil microorganisms and maintaining the ecological balance of the soil.
It should be noted that the above-mentioned embodiments are merely some, but not all embodiments of the preferred mode of carrying out the invention. It is evident that all other embodiments obtained by a person skilled in the art without making any inventive effort, based on the above-described embodiments of the invention, shall fall within the scope of protection of the invention.
Claims (4)
1. The efficient bio-organic fertilizer for vegetable planting is characterized by comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight: 50-80 parts of crop straw, 30-60 parts of bean pulp, 20-60 parts of fermented bacterial manure, 5-15 parts of nanocellulose, 1-5 parts of urea, 3-7 parts of potassium sulfate, 1-5 parts of monoammonium phosphate, 1-5 parts of glucose, 1-4 parts of sucrose and 0.5-3 parts of medium trace elements;
the preparation method of the fermented bacterial fertilizer comprises the following steps: placing the fungus residue in a fermentation container, performing high-temperature steam treatment for 20-30min, adjusting the water content to 40-50%, adding the compound microbial agent into the fungus residue according to the proportion of 0.3-0.5g/mL, stirring uniformly, and fermenting at 20-30deg.C for 1-3 days; adding chitosan with the mass of 0.05-0.15% and polyaspartic acid with the mass of 0.1-0.3% after fermentation, stirring uniformly, drying, crushing and sieving to obtain the fermented bacterial fertilizer;
the composite microbial agent consists of giant keyhole limpet bacteria with a preservation number of CGMCC5.932 and Aspergillus niger with a preservation number of CCTCC CF 2008691; the preparation method comprises the following steps: inoculating the large keyhole limpet bacteria and the aspergillus niger into an LB culture medium respectively, carrying out shake culture at 25-30 ℃ until the bacterial concentration is OD600 apprxeq 2.0, and then mixing according to the volume ratio of 1:1 to obtain the microbial inoculum;
the preparation method of the nanocellulose comprises the following steps: adding 5-10g of cellulose nanocrystalline into 50ml of chitosan solution with the mass fraction of 5-10%, adding 1-5g of gelatin, 0.5-1g of graphene oxide and 5-10g of ascorbic acid, stirring and reacting for 30min by a magnetic stirrer with the speed of 2000r/min, standing the suspension, filtering, washing and drying to obtain the nanocellulose.
2. The efficient bio-organic fertilizer for vegetable planting according to claim 1, wherein the crop straw is corn straw, wheat straw or sorghum straw, and is crushed for use.
3. The efficient bio-organic fertilizer for vegetable planting according to claim 1, wherein the weight ratio of the medium trace elements to the Ca, mg, zn, B, fe and Mn metal elements is 5-10:1-3:0.6-1:0.8-1:0.05-0.1:0.06-0.1.
4. A method for preparing the efficient bio-organic fertilizer for vegetable planting according to any one of claims 1 to 3, comprising the steps of:
(1) Preparing a fermented bacterial fertilizer: placing the fungus residue in a fermentation container, performing high-temperature steam treatment for 20-30min, adjusting the water content to 40-50%, adding the compound microbial agent into the fungus residue according to the proportion of 0.3-0.5g/mL, stirring uniformly, and fermenting at 20-30deg.C for 1-3 days; adding chitosan with the mass of 0.05-0.15% and polyaspartic acid with the mass of 0.1-0.3% after fermentation, stirring uniformly, drying, crushing and sieving to obtain the fermented bacterial fertilizer;
(2) Sequentially adding the fermented bacterial fertilizer, the nanocellulose, the urea, the potassium sulfate, the monoammonium phosphate, the glucose, the sucrose, the medium trace elements, the crop straws and the soybean meal according to parts by weight, stirring and mixing, naturally airing until the water content is less than 10%, and then crushing into particles to obtain the final product organic fertilizer.
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| CN104817372A (en) * | 2015-03-30 | 2015-08-05 | 苏州仁成生物科技有限公司 | Special biological phosphorus fertilizer for cucumber, and preparation method thereof |
| CN107721761A (en) * | 2017-11-23 | 2018-02-23 | 山东省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所 | A kind of vegetables straw microbial organic fertilizer and preparation method thereof |
| CN108658683A (en) * | 2018-08-01 | 2018-10-16 | 贵州大学 | A kind of vegetables high-performance bio bacterial manure and the preparation method and application thereof |
| CN112876305A (en) * | 2019-11-29 | 2021-06-01 | 湖南启农生物科技有限公司 | Microbial compound fertilizer and preparation method thereof |
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