CN1149018C - 一种干馏山楂核以提取汁液的新方法及设备 - Google Patents
一种干馏山楂核以提取汁液的新方法及设备 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明为改进了的从山楂核直接提取山楂核汁液技术,采用炉内直接加热山楂核使其产生汽烟,将汽烟导入胆管然后冷凝,产出山楂核汁液,再经沉淀分离,静置比重分离,得到产品。本发明增加了入炉前将山楂核原料长时间浸泡的工艺,发明设备主要由炉体、胆管、导出管及冷凝器构成,用本发明方法和设备干馏的山楂汁液产出率高。本发明方法及设备易实施,可实现工业化批量生产,设备结构及安装均较简单,干馏工艺操作易行。
Description
本发明属于果核加工技术领域,尤其涉及山楂核加工技术。
山楂是一种人们喜爱的酸味水果,我国北方许多省份均有种植,它可以做成各种食品,以满足不同口味之需要,但其果核——山楂核却大多未被利用,有的作为燃料烧掉,十分可惜。
现代科技方法已经证实,从山楂核中提取的汁液有人们预想不到的抗菌、杀菌及消毒的功效,而且已广泛应用于医药卫生、食品加工及环保各领域,例如以山楂核液为原料制成的体外皮肤杀菌剂,对皮肤粘膜无刺激,并且无任何毒副作用,用山楂核液制成蚊香,有很好的杀蚊效果,并且于人体无任何不良作用,随着科学技术不断发展,它的用途领域也会逐渐拓宽。
但目前干馏山楂核技术方法,产出率受到一定限制,如何利用合理的提取工艺,尽量简化的生产设备提高其产出率,是目前生产领域部门普遍关心的问题,这也正是本发明所要解决的问题。
本发明的目的是提供一种改进了的提取山楂核汁液的方法及设备,以便在同样的能耗下获取更高的产出率。
本发明是通过以下技术方案完成的,经过反复试验证明,山楂核在洗净入炉前,必须经过长时间水浸泡,一般约为12-14小时,而且沥水后即入炉(勿使山楂核干燥),因此本发明方法步骤包括:
①洗净山楂核,去掉其中杂质(前面山楂加工中留下来的除核以外杂质);
②自然凉干;
③入炉前用水浸泡;
④沥水后即入炉;
⑤两段加温,提取干馏液。
⑥两段加温干馏液混合沉淀;
⑦分离水状物;
⑧静置比重分离;
⑨虹吸分离。
以上③、④两步时间上必须连续,不可延隔。
根据上述方法步骤设计了本发明设备,它主要由炉体、胆管、导出管、冷凝管、冷凝器构成,胆管与导出管连接进而再与冷凝管连接形成山楂核汁液产出通路,即成品山楂汁液最后从冷凝管流出。
胆管为一管壁多孔的一端封闭式园管。
胆管置于炉中心,其周围则为原料山楂核包围,当然也可并行设置数路胆管,分别与数个导出管及数个冷凝管连接形成数条产出通路。
本发明有益效果:
①本发明工艺方法的山楂核汁液产出率高。
②产品用途广,可衍生产品包括:祛疣液、脚股癣液、烫伤药、褥疮药、妇女洗液、口洁液、杀菌剂、杀菌卫生香、植物型农药、食品添加剂、HIV×AIDS药、食用菌生长素、肝炎药、战地急救包(外用)。
③本发明工艺方法易于实施,适于山楂产区乡镇建厂投产。
④本发明设备,结构简单,易于制造,成本低廉。
附图说明:
图1为本发明设备示意图
图2为本发明方法流程图
以下接合附图说明实施例:
图1所示,其中1为热源(可用煤火也可用天燃气或电热),2为炉体,3为胆管,4为导出管,5为冷凝管,6为冷凝器,7为山楂核原料入口,8为山楂核废料出口,9为温度计,10为温度表,11为山楂核汁液出口,12为冷凝水进口,13为冷凝水出口。
炉体应选碳钢,材质厚度在10-20mm,胆管上的透汽孔尺寸应小于山楂核(可选2-3mm)以免其周围的山楂核料进入胆管,设一条胆管时胆管位于炉体中心,本实施例炉体高1.8米,直径1米,胆管直径10厘米,进料口直径20厘米,出料口直径25厘米,冷凝器高80厘米,直径30厘米,冷凝管初始直径10厘米,后渐细,冷凝管可盘旋10几卷后伸出冷凝器外。
进出料口、胆管与导出管连接处,导出管与冷凝管连接处均采用法兰型连接,并夹以石棉垫密封,上述实施例干馏炉,每炉可处理约350公斤山楂核。
以下叙述动态操作过程,参见图2。
将山楂核洗净,并去掉杂质(在山楂加工时,剩下来的果肉,枝叶等),凉干后备用。正式入炉前须浸泡12-14小时,主要为使其膨胀,核中吸纳水分,达到提高产出率之目的,同时也有进一步去土和去杂质的作用,浸泡后山楂核放入漏孔容器,自然沥掉水分,约1小时后装入炉中,入料高度约为炉体内2/3,即上部留有1/3空间。将炉封闭,然后即可点火升温,火源可用煤(炉外加垒炉灶)煤气、天燃气,或电热均可,以能达到预期温度为目的,升温速度采用逐渐为宜,且采取两段加温:当温度升至105℃时恒温/小时,此后在115、135、155、175、195℃各恒温1小时,以收取山楂核液;第二段当温度升至305℃时恒温/小时,此后325、345、365℃各恒温1小时再继续收取山楂核液。将两温度段山楂核液混合沉淀36小时,分离出上层水状物,然后于容器中静置48小时,采用物质比重分离法在常温或低于常温、常压下使产品分为两层,虹吸出上层棕红色透明液即为本发明产品。
有关本发明设备,由于高温和山楂的酸性腐蚀作用,胆管每三炉要拆下清洗,炉体也宜1个月后更换(耐温耐蚀材质可延长)。
Claims (4)
1、一种干馏山楂核以提取汁液的新方法,其特征在于按照如下流程进行:
①洗净山楂核,去掉杂质;
②自然晾干;
③入炉前用水浸泡,时间约在12-14小时;
④沥水后即入炉;
⑤两段加温,提取干馏液:第一段当温度升至105℃时恒温1小时,此后在115、135、155、175、195℃各恒温1小时,以干馏山楂核;第二段当温度升至305℃时恒温1小时,此后325、345、365℃各恒温1小时以继续高温下干馏;
⑥两段加温干馏液混合沉淀;
⑦分离水状物;
⑧静置比重分离;
⑨虹吸分离。
2、如权利要求1所述的一种干馏山楂核以提取汁液的新方法,其特征在于升温最高不超过380℃。
3、一种干馏山楂核以提取汁液的设备,主要由炉体、胆管、导出管、冷凝管、冷凝器组成,其特征在于胆管与导出管连结,导出管与冷凝管连接形成胆管、导出管及冷凝管通路以使成品山楂核汁液直接流出。
4、如权利要求3所述的一种干馏山楂核以提取汁液的设备,其特征在于也可设置两条或两条以上的胆管、导出管及冷凝管通路,即炉体内可同时***两根或两根以上胆管,形成多路平行引出汁液通路。
Priority Applications (6)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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CNB001092308A CN1149018C (zh) | 2000-06-16 | 2000-06-16 | 一种干馏山楂核以提取汁液的新方法及设备 |
JP2002503347A JP3967265B2 (ja) | 2000-06-16 | 2001-06-15 | 乾留による山査子核からの抽出方法及びその装置 |
US10/311,461 US6821394B2 (en) | 2000-06-16 | 2001-06-15 | Process of extracting from haw-pit by dry distillation and its device |
PCT/CN2001/000971 WO2001097864A1 (fr) | 2000-06-16 | 2001-06-15 | Procede d'extraction de noyaux de cenelles par distillation seche et dispositif associe |
EP01951334A EP1295603A4 (en) | 2000-06-16 | 2001-06-15 | METHOD FOR EXTRACTING CELLULAR CORES BY DRY DISTILLATION AND DEVICE THEREOF |
AU2001272318A AU2001272318A1 (en) | 2000-06-16 | 2001-06-15 | The process of extracting from haw-pit by dry distillation and its device |
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CN1330332C (zh) * | 2003-06-26 | 2007-08-08 | 深圳帝阳药业有限公司 | 治疗***炎、皮肤病的药物及其制备方法 |
CN106866224A (zh) * | 2017-01-12 | 2017-06-20 | 山东森科尔生物药业有限公司 | 植物提取物、含植物提取物的植物肥料及其应用 |
CN107674759A (zh) * | 2017-11-01 | 2018-02-09 | 承德本多宝生物科技有限公司 | 一种植物药液提取与活性炭生产加工设备及工艺 |
CN107619673B (zh) * | 2017-11-01 | 2024-01-30 | 承德本多宝生物科技有限公司 | 山楂核熏蒸汽化提取***及提取方法 |
CN110923056A (zh) * | 2019-12-13 | 2020-03-27 | 北京多宝德健康科技产业发展有限公司 | 一种干馏山楂核提取液方法及装置 |
CN115968915A (zh) * | 2022-12-21 | 2023-04-18 | 山西巴盾环境保护技术研究所 | 一种全新无色低刺激性山楂核精改进制备工艺及应用 |
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US5534280A (en) * | 1987-12-04 | 1996-07-09 | Welch; George | Method for dehydration of solid foods |
CN1041281A (zh) * | 1989-10-03 | 1990-04-18 | 华东化工学院 | 从山楂核中提取医用舒痛精的方法 |
US6613366B1 (en) * | 1990-02-16 | 2003-09-02 | The Harvest Festival Ltd. | Enzyme-rich sprouted food products with limited pH drop and methods of making same |
CN1102206A (zh) * | 1993-10-26 | 1995-05-03 | 山东省科学院生物研究所 | 食用烟熏香料的提取方法 |
WO1997048281A1 (fr) * | 1996-06-20 | 1997-12-24 | Liu, Jikuan | Produit purifie naturel utilise comme desinfectant et comme additif alimentaire et sa preparation |
US5773241A (en) * | 1996-09-05 | 1998-06-30 | Ericsson; Arthur Dale | Preparation of bioactive extracts |
CN1059308C (zh) | 1996-11-20 | 2000-12-13 | 韩林 | 从山楂核中提取消毒杀菌剂的方法 |
US6289543B1 (en) * | 1999-07-16 | 2001-09-18 | Frans Segers | Process and system for processing cherry pits |
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US6821394B2 (en) | 2004-11-23 |
JP2003535914A (ja) | 2003-12-02 |
AU2001272318A1 (en) | 2002-01-02 |
EP1295603A4 (en) | 2009-05-27 |
WO2001097864A1 (fr) | 2001-12-27 |
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