CN114893419B - Integrated system of fuel cell single-stage high-speed centrifugal air compressor and expander - Google Patents

Integrated system of fuel cell single-stage high-speed centrifugal air compressor and expander Download PDF

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Publication number
CN114893419B
CN114893419B CN202210560555.6A CN202210560555A CN114893419B CN 114893419 B CN114893419 B CN 114893419B CN 202210560555 A CN202210560555 A CN 202210560555A CN 114893419 B CN114893419 B CN 114893419B
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expansion
compression
expander
main shaft
volute
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CN114893419A (en
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邢子义
谢元豪
王升科
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Lingchen Hydrogen Technology Shanghai Co ltd
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Yantai Dongde Industrial Co Ltd
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D17/00—Radial-flow pumps, e.g. centrifugal pumps; Helico-centrifugal pumps
    • F04D17/08—Centrifugal pumps
    • F04D17/10—Centrifugal pumps for compressing or evacuating
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D11/00—Preventing or minimising internal leakage of working-fluid, e.g. between stages
    • F01D11/003—Preventing or minimising internal leakage of working-fluid, e.g. between stages by packing rings; Mechanical seals
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D15/00—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of engines with devices driven thereby
    • F01D15/08—Adaptations for driving, or combinations with, pumps
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D15/00—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of engines with devices driven thereby
    • F01D15/10—Adaptations for driving, or combinations with, electric generators
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D25/00—Component parts, details, or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, other groups
    • F01D25/005—Selecting particular materials
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D25/00—Component parts, details, or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, other groups
    • F01D25/007—Preventing corrosion
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D25/00—Component parts, details, or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, other groups
    • F01D25/24—Casings; Casing parts, e.g. diaphragms, casing fastenings
    • F01D25/26—Double casings; Measures against temperature strain in casings
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D25/00—Component parts, details, or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, other groups
    • F01D25/32—Collecting of condensation water; Drainage ; Removing solid particles
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D25/00—Pumping installations or systems
    • F04D25/02—Units comprising pumps and their driving means
    • F04D25/04—Units comprising pumps and their driving means the pump being fluid-driven
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D25/00—Pumping installations or systems
    • F04D25/02—Units comprising pumps and their driving means
    • F04D25/08—Units comprising pumps and their driving means the working fluid being air, e.g. for ventilation
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D25/00—Pumping installations or systems
    • F04D25/02—Units comprising pumps and their driving means
    • F04D25/08—Units comprising pumps and their driving means the working fluid being air, e.g. for ventilation
    • F04D25/082—Units comprising pumps and their driving means the working fluid being air, e.g. for ventilation the unit having provision for cooling the motor
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
    • F04D29/02—Selection of particular materials
    • F04D29/023—Selection of particular materials especially adapted for elastic fluid pumps
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
    • F04D29/58—Cooling; Heating; Diminishing heat transfer
    • F04D29/5806—Cooling the drive system
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K7/00—Arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with dynamo-electric machines, e.g. structural association with mechanical driving motors or auxiliary dynamo-electric machines
    • H02K7/14—Structural association with mechanical loads, e.g. with hand-held machine tools or fans
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K7/00—Arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with dynamo-electric machines, e.g. structural association with mechanical driving motors or auxiliary dynamo-electric machines
    • H02K7/18—Structural association of electric generators with mechanical driving motors, e.g. with turbines
    • H02K7/1807—Rotary generators
    • H02K7/1823—Rotary generators structurally associated with turbines or similar engines
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K9/00—Arrangements for cooling or ventilating
    • H02K9/19—Arrangements for cooling or ventilating for machines with closed casing and closed-circuit cooling using a liquid cooling medium, e.g. oil
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/50—Fuel cells

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Structures Of Non-Positive Displacement Pumps (AREA)

Abstract

The integrated system of the fuel cell single-stage high-speed centrifugal air compressor and the expander comprises an expander shell, an expansion end bearing seat and an expansion end guide which are made of stainless steel, and the surfaces of the expander shell, the expansion end bearing seat and the expansion end guide are subjected to surface hardening, hard oxidation or ceramic treatment; the compression worm wheel and the expansion impeller are made of alloy or ceramic materials; the main shaft is made of high nickel alloy or stainless steel; filling and sealing or injection molding the stator; a baffle ring sealing structure is arranged between the main shaft and the expansion end guide; the expander, the motor and the compression device are internally provided with a water diversion air cooling structure. The integrated level is high, the occupied space is small, and the purposes of energy conservation and consumption reduction are achieved; most of water vapor in the cooling gas can be condensed into water and flows back into the expander by the water diversion filter element, so that flooding of the motor caused by water entering the motor is avoided, mutual abrasion of the baffle ring sealing structure is avoided, and the service life is long; greatly reduces the influence of cavitation, improves the corrosion resistance of the whole equipment, prolongs the service life and ensures the performance.

Description

Integrated system of fuel cell single-stage high-speed centrifugal air compressor and expander
Technical field:
the invention relates to an integrated system of a single-stage high-speed centrifugal air compressor and an expander of a fuel cell.
The background technology is as follows:
at present, the development of new energy fuel cell automobiles is considered as an important link of traffic energy power transformation, and in order to ensure the normal operation of fuel cell engines, the engines generally need auxiliary systems such as a hydrogen supply subsystem, an air supply subsystem, a circulating water cooling management subsystem and the like, and a great deal of researches show that the supply of high-pressure and large-flow air has obvious effect on improving the power output of the existing fuel cell engines. Therefore, a centrifugal air compressor is an energy conversion device for achieving the aim, which is one of important parts of an air supply system of a fuel cell engine, for boosting intake air before the intake air enters the engine.
The prior single-stage high-speed centrifugal air compressor, such as the publication number CN110247504A, is named as a patent application for the final assembly of a motor of a hydrogen fuel cell double-cooling type ultrahigh-speed centrifugal air compressor, and the structure mainly comprises a shell, a stator and a main shaft, wherein a bearing seat for supporting the main shaft is arranged at the inner side of one end of the shell, a diffuser is arranged at the outer side of the bearing seat, the main shaft penetrates out of the diffuser to be provided with a worm wheel, a volute is arranged outside the worm wheel, an air inlet and an air outlet are arranged on the volute, and a thrust disc is sleeved on the main shaft between the diffuser and the bearing seat. The single-stage high-speed centrifugal compressor with the structure mainly has the following defects:
(1) The gas exhausted from the fuel cell can be used for reducing energy consumption by using the expander, all single-stage high-speed centrifugal air compressors and the expander are two sets of equipment which are arranged in a split mode at present, the single-stage high-speed centrifugal air compressors and the expander are used independently, the integration degree is low, the occupied space is large, and no technology for integrating the single-stage high-speed centrifugal air compressors and the expander exists at present.
(2) The current single-stage high-speed centrifugal compressor works, the rotating speed of the main shaft exceeds 10000r/min, and a large amount of heat is generated in the working process because of the high rotating speed, and if the heat is not discharged in time to form heat accumulation, the situation of forced shutdown caused by the overhigh internal temperature can occur. At present, the centrifugal compressor is cooled by two modes, namely external water cooling and internal air cooling, wherein the internal air cooling mode requires that the internal parts of the centrifugal compressor have an air guiding function, and a reasonable conducting route for air to travel is formed inside so as to sufficiently cool each part, and a double cooling structure for cooling by a cooling water channel and a cooling impeller is disclosed in the patent with the publication number of CN110247504A, but is limited to the structural mode of a single-stage high-speed centrifugal compressor. If the single-stage high-speed centrifugal compressor is integrated with the expander, the structure is not suitable, firstly, the installation space of the cooling impeller is not available, secondly, the humidity of mixed gas in the expander is very high, if the mixed gas is directly used for cooling the inside of a motor, a large amount of water accumulation is generated in the motor, the motor is flooded and cannot work, and meanwhile, the motor stator and the main shaft are corroded, so that the service life of the motor is influenced.
(3) When the expander is connected with the air compressor, the mixed gas from the fuel cell enters the expander, the cost of the mixed gas mainly comprises liquid water, vapor water, nitrogen, a small amount of oxygen, a small amount of hydrogen and the like, the mixed gas in the expander can leak into a motor cavity from a gap of a motor main shaft of the air compressor, the stator and the main shaft of the motor are corroded, and the service life of the motor is influenced. The common contact type sealing ring is easy to wear due to the fact that the main shaft rotates at a high speed during working, so that gaps are increased, and the situation of sealing failure occurs.
(4) The cost of the mixed gas from the fuel cell mainly comprises liquid water, vaporous water, nitrogen, a small amount of oxygen, a small amount of hydrogen and the like, and all parts of the existing high-speed centrifugal air compressor and expander are basically made of aluminum alloy materials, so that the parts are easily damaged by cavitation for a long time, the cavitation mainly means that the metal surface is degraded by the impact of high pressure and high frequency, and the electrochemical corrosion of the metal surface by a small amount of active gas such as oxygen and the like entrained in bubbles, so that the metal surface is damaged in a spongy and fish scale shape, and particularly the expander shell is large in area with the mixed gas and is directly eroded by the mixed gas, so that the cavitation is serious in the use process and even cannot be used, thereby shortening the service life of the expander and affecting the performance of the expander.
In view of the above, the above problems of single-stage high-speed centrifugal compressors and expanders have become a technical problem to be solved in the industry.
The invention comprises the following steps:
the invention provides an integrated system of a single-stage high-speed centrifugal air compressor and an expander of a fuel cell, which solves the problems that the prior single-stage high-speed centrifugal air compressor and the expander are arranged separately and have low integration degree, solves the problem that the humidity of mixed gas in the expander is too large to be directly utilized, solves the problem that the mixed gas in the prior expander leaks from a gap of a motor main shaft to the inside of a motor cavity to cause corrosion, and solves the problems that each part of the prior high-speed centrifugal air compressor and the expander is not corrosion-resistant and has short service life.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows:
the integrated system of the single-stage high-speed centrifugal air compressor and the expander of the fuel cell comprises a motor shell, a stator and a main shaft, wherein a compression end bearing seat and an expansion end bearing seat for supporting the main shaft are respectively arranged on the inner sides of two ends of the motor shell, a compression end diffuser and an expansion end guide are respectively arranged on the outer sides of two ends of the motor shell, a compression device is arranged at one end of the main shaft penetrating out of the compression end diffuser, and an expander is arranged at the other end of the main shaft penetrating out of the expansion end guide;
the compression device comprises a compression worm wheel arranged on the main shaft, a compression volute connected with the motor shell is arranged on the outer side of the compression worm wheel, a compression volute channel is arranged in the compression volute, and a compression air inlet and a compression air outlet are formed in the compression volute;
the expansion machine comprises an expansion impeller arranged on the main shaft, an expansion machine shell connected with the motor shell is arranged on the outer side of the expansion impeller, an expansion worm channel is arranged in the expansion machine shell, and an expansion air inlet and an expansion air outlet are formed in the expansion machine shell;
the compression volute, the compression end diffuser and the compression end bearing seat are made of aluminum alloy materials;
the expansion machine shell, the expansion end bearing seat and the expansion end guide are made of stainless steel, and the surface of the expansion machine shell is subjected to surface hardening, hard oxidation or ceramic treatment;
the compression worm wheel and the expansion impeller are made of alloy or ceramic materials;
the main shaft is made of high nickel alloy or stainless steel;
a thrust disc is arranged on the main shaft between the compression end diffuser and the compression end bearing seat, two sides of the thrust disc are respectively provided with a thrust air bearing, and the base material of the thrust air bearing is made of high nickel alloy or stainless steel;
radial air bearings are respectively arranged between the compression end bearing seat and the main shaft as well as between the expansion end bearing seat and the main shaft, and the base material of the radial air bearings is made of high nickel alloy or stainless steel;
the stator is subjected to potting or injection molding treatment;
a baffle ring sealing structure is arranged between the main shaft and the expansion end guide;
the expander, the motor and the compression device are internally provided with a water diversion air cooling structure.
The baffle ring sealing structure comprises a plurality of baffle rings arranged in the central hole of the expansion end guide, baffle ring seats matched with the baffle rings are arranged on the main shaft, baffle plates are arranged on the baffle ring seats corresponding to positions between two adjacent baffle rings, and the baffle rings are in clearance fit with the baffle plates and the baffle ring seats.
An annular clamping groove is formed in the inner side of the central hole of the expansion end guide device, and the baffle ring is fixedly arranged in the annular clamping groove; the baffle ring is an elastic baffle ring, a notch is arranged on the baffle ring, a mounting hole is arranged on the side face of the baffle ring, the notch comprises an inclined notch, a Z-shaped notch or a Z-shaped inclined notch, and the baffle ring comprises a graphite ring, a PTFE ring or a stainless steel ring; the inner side of the baffle ring is provided with a metal elastic sheet, the metal elastic sheet is in clearance fit with the baffle ring seat, and the baffle ring seat is made of graphite, PTFE or stainless steel.
The water diversion air cooling structure comprises a communication channel which is arranged on the expansion end guide and is used for communicating the interior of the expansion machine with a cavity between the expansion end guide and the expansion end bearing seat, a water diversion filter element is arranged in the communication channel, cooling gas in the expansion machine enters the motor shell through the water diversion filter element, the communication channel, the cavity between the expansion end guide and the expansion end bearing seat in sequence, two radial air bearings, two thrust air bearings, a stator and a main shaft are cooled, and finally the cooling gas is discharged outside through the cavity between the compression end bearing seat and the compression end diffuser.
The water diversion filter element comprises a sintered filter element, wherein the sintered filter element is arranged in the first transverse channel, the first transverse channel is communicated with the second transverse channel, and the position of the second transverse channel is higher than that of the first transverse channel.
The compressor end diffuser, the compressor end bearing seat and the motor shell are provided with an exhaust passage communicated with a cavity between the compressor end bearing seat and the compressor end diffuser, and the motor shell is provided with a cooling gas exhaust port communicated with the exhaust passage.
The expander housing comprises an aluminum alloy volute housing and a stainless steel volute insert which are fixedly connected, wherein the main body of the stainless steel volute insert is arranged on the inner side of the aluminum alloy volute housing, and the end part of the stainless steel volute insert penetrates out of the aluminum alloy volute housing to form an expansion air outlet.
The surfaces of the aluminum alloy volute casing and the stainless steel volute insert are subjected to surface hardening, hard oxidation or ceramic treatment.
The aluminum alloy volute casing and the stainless steel volute insert are welded or fixedly connected through bolts.
And a motor cooling water channel is arranged in the motor shell.
The invention adopts the scheme and has the following advantages:
(1) The compression device and the expander are integrated at two ends of the motor, so that the integration degree is high, the occupied space is small, the expander can also provide power assistance for the motor when in operation, the power of the motor is reduced, and the purposes of energy conservation and consumption reduction are achieved;
(2) The water diversion filter element is arranged in the communication channel, cooling gas in the expander sequentially enters the motor shell through the water diversion filter element, the communication channel, the cavity between the expansion end guide and the expansion end bearing seat to cool two radial air bearings, the main shaft, the stator and the two thrust air bearings, most of water vapor in the cooling gas can be condensed into water and flows back into the expander through the water diversion filter element, water is prevented from entering the motor to cause flooding of the motor, corrosion to the motor stator and the main shaft is avoided, the service life of the motor is ensured, the cooling gas temperature in the expander is low, the cooling efficiency in unit time is high, the cooling effect is good, heat in the motor can be discharged in time without forming heat accumulation, and the situation that forced shutdown is caused by overhigh internal temperature is avoided;
(3) The baffle rings are arranged in the central holes of the expansion end guide devices, the baffle ring seats matched with the baffle rings are arranged on the main shaft, the baffle plates are arranged on the baffle ring seats corresponding to the positions between two adjacent baffle rings, and the baffle rings, the baffle plates and the baffle ring seats are in clearance fit to form a clearance fit labyrinth seal structure, so that on one hand, the mixed gas in the expansion machine is effectively prevented from leaking from a gap of the main shaft of the motor to the inside of a cavity of the motor to corrode the stator and the main shaft, and the motor is protected; on the other hand, the clearance fit between the baffle ring and the baffle ring seat avoids mutual abrasion, the service life is long, and the sealing effect is more stable and reliable;
(4) The expansion machine shell is divided into the aluminum alloy volute shell and the stainless steel volute insert, the stainless steel volute insert is subjected to scouring of most of mixed gas, so that the influence of cavitation is greatly reduced, meanwhile, the surface of the stainless steel volute insert is provided with the surface hardening layer, the hard oxide layer or the ceramic treatment layer, the corrosion resistance is greatly improved, and the surface of the aluminum alloy volute shell is provided with the surface hardening layer, the hard oxide layer or the ceramic treatment layer, so that the mixed gas in the expansion volute is prevented from cavitation of the aluminum alloy volute shell. In addition, the invention also carries out anti-corrosion treatment on the shell of the expansion machine, the bearing seat of the expansion end, the guide device of the expansion end, the main shaft, the stator, the compression worm wheel and the expansion impeller, thereby improving the anti-corrosion performance of the whole equipment on the whole, prolonging the service life and ensuring the performance.
Description of the drawings:
fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is an enlarged schematic view of the portion a in fig. 1.
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a structure of the baffle ring according to the present invention using oblique cuts.
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a structure of the retainer ring of the present invention using Z-shaped diagonal cuts.
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a structure of a retainer ring of the present invention using Z-shaped notches.
In the figure, 1, a motor housing, 2, a stator, 3, a main shaft, 4, a compression end bearing seat, 5, an expansion end bearing seat, 6, a compression end diffuser, 7, an expansion end guide, 8, a communication channel, 9, a water diversion filter element, 10, a compression worm wheel, 11, a compression volute, 12, a compression volute, 13, a compression air inlet, 14, a compression air outlet, 15, an expansion impeller, 16, an aluminum alloy volute casing, 17, an expansion volute, 18, an expansion air inlet, 19, an expansion air outlet, 20, a first transverse channel, 21, a vertical channel, 22, a second transverse channel, 23, an exhaust channel, 24, a cooling air exhaust port, 25, a thrust disk, 26, a thrust air bearing, 27, a radial air bearing, 28, a motor cooling water channel, 29, a baffle ring, 30, a baffle ring seat, 31, a baffle plate, 32, a notch, 33, a mounting hole, 34 and a stainless steel volute insert.
The specific embodiment is as follows:
in order to clearly illustrate the technical features of the present solution, the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the following detailed description and the accompanying drawings.
As shown in fig. 1-5, the integrated system of the single-stage high-speed centrifugal air compressor and the expander of the fuel cell comprises a motor shell 1, a stator 2 and a main shaft 3, wherein compression end bearing seats 4 and expansion end bearing seats 5 for supporting the main shaft 3 are respectively arranged on the inner sides of two ends of the motor shell 1, a compression end diffuser 6 and an expansion end guide 7 are respectively arranged on the outer sides of two ends of the motor shell 1, a compression device is arranged on one end of the main shaft 3 penetrating out of the compression end diffuser 6, an expander is arranged on the other end of the main shaft 3 penetrating out of the expansion end guide 7, the compression device and the expander are integrated at two ends of the motor, the integrated degree is high, the occupied space is small, and the expander can also provide power assistance for the motor when in operation, so that the power of the motor is reduced, and the purposes of energy conservation and consumption reduction are achieved;
the compression device comprises a compression worm wheel 10 arranged on the main shaft 3, a compression volute 11 connected with the motor housing 1 is arranged on the outer side of the compression worm wheel 10, a compression volute 12 is arranged in the compression volute 11, and a compression air inlet 13 and a compression air outlet 14 are formed in the compression volute 11;
the expansion machine comprises an expansion impeller 15 arranged on a main shaft 3, an expansion machine shell connected with a motor shell 1 is arranged on the outer side of the expansion impeller 15, an expansion worm channel 17 is arranged in the expansion machine shell, and an expansion air inlet 18 and an expansion air outlet 19 are arranged on the expansion machine shell;
the compression volute 11, the compression end diffuser 6 and the compression end bearing seat 4 are made of aluminum alloy materials;
the expansion machine shell, the expansion end bearing seat 5 and the expansion end guide 7 are made of stainless steel, and the surfaces of the expansion end bearing seat and the expansion end guide are subjected to surface hardening, hard oxidation or ceramic treatment, so that the hardness of the base material is high, and the hardness is increased by surface treatment;
the compression worm wheel 10 and the expansion impeller 15 are made of alloy or ceramic materials, wherein the alloy comprises titanium directional solidification superalloy, single crystal superalloy or chromium-based superalloy;
the main shaft 3 is made of high nickel alloy or stainless steel, is made of non-magnetic conductive materials, and is waterproof and corrosion-resistant;
a thrust disc 25 is arranged on a main shaft between the compression end diffuser 6 and the compression end bearing seat 4, two sides of the thrust disc 25 are respectively provided with a thrust air bearing 26, and a base material of the thrust air bearing 26 is made of high nickel alloy or stainless steel, so that the compression end diffuser is waterproof and corrosion-resistant;
radial air bearings 27 are respectively arranged between the compression end bearing seat 4 and the expansion end bearing seat 5 and the main shaft 3, and the base material of the radial air bearings 27 is made of high nickel alloy or stainless steel, so that the bearing is waterproof and corrosion-resistant;
the stator 2 is subjected to potting or injection molding treatment; the encapsulating material such as epoxy resin, the injection molding material can be BMC and the like, so that the electrical parts are encapsulated and molded, and the waterproof, corrosion-resistant and heat-dissipating functions are realized;
a baffle ring sealing structure is arranged between the main shaft 3 and the expansion end guide 7;
the expander, the motor and the compression device are internally provided with a water diversion air cooling structure.
The baffle ring sealing structure comprises a plurality of baffle rings 29 arranged in the central hole of the expansion end guide 7, a baffle ring seat 30 matched with the baffle rings 29 is arranged on the main shaft 3, a baffle plate 31 is arranged on the baffle ring seat 30 at a position corresponding to between two adjacent baffle rings 29, the baffle plate 31 and the baffle ring seat 30 are in clearance fit to form a clearance fit labyrinth sealing structure, so that on one hand, the corrosion of the stator 2 and the main shaft 3 caused by the leakage of mixed gas in the expansion machine from the gap of the main shaft 3 of the motor to the inside of the cavity of the motor is effectively avoided, and the protection effect on the motor is realized; on the other hand, the clearance fit between the baffle ring 29 and the baffle ring seat 30 avoids mutual abrasion, the service life is long, and the sealing effect is more stable and reliable.
An annular clamping groove is formed in the inner side of the central hole of the expansion end guide 7, and the baffle ring 29 is fixedly arranged in the annular clamping groove; the baffle ring 29 is an elastic baffle ring, a notch 32 is formed in the baffle ring 29, a mounting hole 33 is formed in the side face of the baffle ring 29, during mounting, a tool is inserted into the mounting hole 33, the diameter of the baffle ring 29 is reduced after the tool is pinched, the baffle ring 29 is fed into the annular clamping groove, and the baffle ring 29 recovers the original diameter under the self elastic action and is clamped in the annular clamping groove for fixing. The slit 32 includes a bevel, a Z-shaped slit, or a Z-shaped bevel, and the stopper ring 29 includes a graphite ring, a PTFE ring, or a stainless steel ring; the inner side of the baffle ring 29 is provided with a metal spring, the metal spring is in clearance fit with the baffle ring seat 30, and the metal spring can increase the elasticity of the baffle ring 29 and the stability after installation. The baffle ring seat 30 is made of graphite, PTFE or stainless steel.
The water diversion air cooling structure comprises a communication channel 8 which is arranged on an expansion end guide 7 and is used for communicating the interior of the expansion machine with a cavity between the expansion end guide 7 and an expansion end bearing seat 5, a water diversion filter element 9 is arranged in the communication channel 8, cooling gas in the expansion machine sequentially enters the motor shell 1 through the water diversion filter element 9, the communication channel 8, the cavity between the expansion end guide 7 and the expansion end bearing seat 5 to cool two radial air bearings 27, a stator 2, a main shaft 3 and two thrust air bearings 26, and finally is discharged outside through the cavity between the compression end bearing seat 4 and the compression end diffuser 6.
The communication channel 8 comprises a first transverse channel 20, a vertical channel 21 and a second transverse channel 22 which are communicated, the water diversion filter element 9 is arranged in the first transverse channel 20, the position of the second transverse channel 22 is higher than that of the first transverse channel 20, even if a small part of water in the water diversion filter element 9 enters the vertical channel 21, the water level cannot exceed the second transverse channel 22, the water can flow back from the water diversion filter element 9 into the expansion machine, the water is prevented from entering the motor to cause flooding of the motor, corrosion to the motor stator 2 and the main shaft 3 is avoided, and the service life of the motor is ensured. The water diversion filter element 9 comprises a sintered filter element, is formed by a plurality of layers of metal sintering nets, adopts a plurality of layers of stainless steel nets to be pressed by special lamination, mutually staggered in meshes, and is a novel filter material with higher strength and overall rigidity by vacuum sintering, and has the characteristics of high strength, high precision, heat resistance, easiness in cleaning and the like.
The compression end diffuser 6, the compression end bearing seat 4 and the motor housing 1 are provided with an exhaust passage 23 communicated with a cavity between the compression end bearing seat 4 and the compression end diffuser 6, the motor housing 1 is provided with a cooling gas exhaust port 24 communicated with the exhaust passage 23, and cooling gas is discharged from the cooling gas exhaust port 24 through the exhaust passage 23.
The expander housing comprises an aluminum alloy volute housing 16 and a stainless steel volute insert 34 which are fixedly connected, wherein the main body of the stainless steel volute insert 34 is arranged on the inner side of the aluminum alloy volute housing 16, and the end part of the stainless steel volute insert 34 penetrates out of the aluminum alloy volute housing 16 to form an expansion air outlet 19. The stainless steel is superior to aluminum alloy in all performances in corrosion resistance, the inner stainless steel volute insert is used for bearing most of the scouring of mixed gas, the influence of cavitation is greatly reduced, the outer shell of the aluminum alloy volute is only subjected to the scouring of a small part of mixed gas in the expansion volute, so that the influence of cavitation is reduced, the service life of the expander is prolonged, and the performance of the expander is guaranteed.
The surfaces of the aluminum alloy volute casing 16 and the stainless steel volute insert 34 are subjected to surface hardening, hard oxidation or ceramic treatment, so that the corrosion resistance is greatly improved.
The aluminum alloy volute casing 16 and the stainless steel volute insert 34 are welded or bolted together.
A motor cooling water channel 28 is arranged in the motor shell 1 and is used for cooling the motor.
Working principle:
when the device works, one end of the main shaft 3 drives the compression worm wheel 10 to rotate, the compression worm wheel 10 is provided with a compression air inlet 13, gas enters the compression worm channel 12 from the compression air inlet 13, and is discharged from the compression air outlet 14 after being pressurized by the compression worm wheel 10. The mixed gas discharged after the internal reaction of the fuel cell system enters an expansion air inlet 18 and then enters an expansion worm channel 17, the mixed gas pushes an expansion impeller 15 to rotate in the expansion worm channel 17, power is provided for a main shaft 3 of the motor, and finally the mixed gas is discharged from an expansion air outlet 19 for subsequent reuse. The mixed gas in the expander is cooled to form cooling gas, and has certain pressure, the cooling gas sequentially enters the motor shell 1 through the water diversion filter element 9, the vertical channel 21, the second transverse channel 22, the cavity between the expansion end guide 7 and the expansion end bearing seat 5 to cool the two radial air bearings 27, the main shaft 3, the stator 2 and the two thrust air bearings 26, the water diversion filter element 9 can condense most of water vapor in the cooling gas into water and flow back into the expander, water is prevented from entering the motor to cause flooding of the motor, corrosion to the motor stator and the main shaft is avoided, the service life of the motor is ensured, the cooling gas temperature in the expander is low, the cooling efficiency in unit time is high, the cooling effect is good, heat in the motor can be discharged in time without forming heat accumulation, the condition that forced shutdown is caused by overhigh internal temperature is avoided, and finally, the cooling gas is discharged from the cooling gas exhaust port 24 to the outside through the exhaust channel 23.
The above embodiments are not to be taken as limiting the scope of the invention, and any alternatives or modifications to the embodiments of the invention will be apparent to those skilled in the art and fall within the scope of the invention.
The present invention is not described in detail in the present application, and is well known to those skilled in the art.

Claims (8)

1. The utility model provides a fuel cell single-stage high-speed centrifugal air compressor machine and expander integrated system which characterized in that: the device comprises a motor shell, a stator and a main shaft, wherein compression end bearing seats and expansion end bearing seats for supporting the main shaft are respectively arranged on the inner sides of two ends of the motor shell, compression end diffusers and expansion end guides are respectively arranged on the outer sides of two ends of the motor shell, a compression device is arranged on one end of the main shaft penetrating out of the compression end diffusers, and an expander is arranged on the other end of the main shaft penetrating out of the expansion end guides;
the compression device comprises a compression worm wheel arranged on the main shaft, a compression volute connected with the motor shell is arranged on the outer side of the compression worm wheel, a compression volute channel is arranged in the compression volute, and a compression air inlet and a compression air outlet are formed in the compression volute;
the expansion machine comprises an expansion impeller arranged on the main shaft, an expansion machine shell connected with the motor shell is arranged on the outer side of the expansion impeller, an expansion worm channel is arranged in the expansion machine shell, and an expansion air inlet and an expansion air outlet are formed in the expansion machine shell;
the compression volute, the compression end diffuser and the compression end bearing seat are made of aluminum alloy materials;
the expansion machine shell, the expansion end bearing seat and the expansion end guide are made of stainless steel, and the surface of the expansion machine shell is subjected to surface hardening, hard oxidation or ceramic treatment;
the compression worm wheel and the expansion impeller are made of alloy or ceramic materials;
the main shaft is made of high nickel alloy or stainless steel;
a thrust disc is arranged on the main shaft between the compression end diffuser and the compression end bearing seat, two sides of the thrust disc are respectively provided with a thrust air bearing, and the base material of the thrust air bearing is made of high nickel alloy or stainless steel;
radial air bearings are respectively arranged between the compression end bearing seat and the main shaft as well as between the expansion end bearing seat and the main shaft, and the base material of the radial air bearings is made of high nickel alloy or stainless steel;
the stator is subjected to potting or injection molding treatment;
a baffle ring sealing structure is arranged between the main shaft and the expansion end guide;
the expander, the motor and the compression device are internally provided with a water diversion air cooling structure;
the water diversion air cooling structure comprises a communication channel which is arranged on the expansion end guide and is used for communicating the interior of the expansion machine with a cavity between the expansion end guide and the expansion end bearing seat, a water diversion filter element is arranged in the communication channel, cooling gas in the expansion machine enters the interior of the motor shell sequentially through the water diversion filter element, the communication channel, the cavity between the expansion end guide and the expansion end bearing seat to cool two radial air bearings, two thrust air bearings, a stator and a main shaft, and finally is discharged outside through the cavity between the compression end bearing seat and the compression end diffuser;
the water diversion filter element comprises a sintered filter element, wherein the sintered filter element is arranged in the first transverse channel, the first transverse channel is communicated with the second transverse channel, and the position of the second transverse channel is higher than that of the first transverse channel.
2. The integrated fuel cell single-stage high-speed centrifugal air compressor and expander system of claim 1, wherein: the baffle ring sealing structure comprises a plurality of baffle rings arranged in the central hole of the expansion end guide, baffle ring seats matched with the baffle rings are arranged on the main shaft, baffle plates are arranged on the baffle ring seats corresponding to positions between two adjacent baffle rings, and the baffle rings are in clearance fit with the baffle plates and the baffle ring seats.
3. The integrated fuel cell single-stage high-speed centrifugal air compressor and expander system of claim 2, wherein: an annular clamping groove is formed in the inner side of the central hole of the expansion end guide device, and the baffle ring is fixedly arranged in the annular clamping groove; the baffle ring is an elastic baffle ring, a notch is arranged on the baffle ring, a mounting hole is arranged on the side face of the baffle ring, the notch comprises an inclined notch, a Z-shaped notch or a Z-shaped inclined notch, and the baffle ring comprises a graphite ring, a PTFE ring or a stainless steel ring; the inner side of the baffle ring is provided with a metal elastic sheet, the metal elastic sheet is in clearance fit with the baffle ring seat, and the baffle ring seat is made of graphite, PTFE or stainless steel.
4. The integrated fuel cell single-stage high-speed centrifugal air compressor and expander system of claim 1, wherein: the compressor end diffuser, the compressor end bearing seat and the motor shell are provided with an exhaust passage communicated with a cavity between the compressor end bearing seat and the compressor end diffuser, and the motor shell is provided with a cooling gas exhaust port communicated with the exhaust passage.
5. The integrated fuel cell single-stage high-speed centrifugal air compressor and expander system of claim 1, wherein: the expander housing comprises an aluminum alloy volute housing and a stainless steel volute insert which are fixedly connected, wherein the main body of the stainless steel volute insert is arranged on the inner side of the aluminum alloy volute housing, and the end part of the stainless steel volute insert penetrates out of the aluminum alloy volute housing to form an expansion air outlet.
6. The integrated system of a fuel cell single-stage high-speed centrifugal air compressor and expander of claim 5, wherein: the surfaces of the aluminum alloy volute casing and the stainless steel volute insert are subjected to surface hardening, hard oxidation or ceramic treatment.
7. The integrated system of a fuel cell single-stage high-speed centrifugal air compressor and expander of claim 5, wherein: the aluminum alloy volute casing and the stainless steel volute insert are welded or fixedly connected through bolts.
8. The integrated fuel cell single-stage high-speed centrifugal air compressor and expander system of claim 1, wherein: and a motor cooling water channel is arranged in the motor shell.
CN202210560555.6A 2022-05-23 2022-05-23 Integrated system of fuel cell single-stage high-speed centrifugal air compressor and expander Active CN114893419B (en)

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Patentee before: YANTAI DONGDE INDUSTRIAL Co.,Ltd.