CN114892159A - Preparation method for laser cladding of FeCrNiMnAl high-entropy alloy coating on surface of ferrite/martensite steel - Google Patents
Preparation method for laser cladding of FeCrNiMnAl high-entropy alloy coating on surface of ferrite/martensite steel Download PDFInfo
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- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 102
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 102
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 92
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 90
- 229910000734 martensite Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 51
- 229910000859 α-Fe Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 51
- 238000004372 laser cladding Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 36
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 34
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 34
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 9
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 55
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 49
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 238000001291 vacuum drying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000007873 sieving Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
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- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000009689 gas atomisation Methods 0.000 claims description 2
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- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
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- 238000001755 magnetron sputter deposition Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 2
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C24/00—Coating starting from inorganic powder
- C23C24/08—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat
- C23C24/10—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat with intermediate formation of a liquid phase in the layer
- C23C24/103—Coating with metallic material, i.e. metals or metal alloys, optionally comprising hard particles, e.g. oxides, carbides or nitrides
- C23C24/106—Coating with metal alloys or metal elements only
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C30/00—Alloys containing less than 50% by weight of each constituent
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
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Abstract
The invention discloses a preparation method for laser cladding of a FeCrNiMnAl high-entropy alloy coating on the surface of ferrite/martensite steel, belonging to the technical field of surface modification of metal materials. The invention aims to solve the problems that a FeCrNiMnAl high-entropy alloy coating prepared by the prior art is thin and has insufficient binding force with a matrix. The method comprises the following steps: sieving FeCrNiMnAl high-entropy alloy powder until the particle size is less than 53 mu m, and then carrying out vacuum drying; selecting ferrite/martensite as a substrate, grinding and polishing, cleaning the surface by absolute ethyl alcohol, and drying in a natural state; placing the FeCrNiMnAl high-entropy alloy powder treated in the step one on the surface of a ferrite/martensite substrate, carrying out laser cladding under the protection of inert gas, wherein the laser power is 800W-1200W, and cooling to room temperature. The invention has important significance on the safety and reliability of long-term effective service of ferrite/martensite steel.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of surface modification of metal materials, and particularly relates to a preparation method for laser cladding of a FeCrNiMnAl high-entropy alloy coating on the surface of ferrite/martensite steel.
Background
The ferrite/martensite steel has the advantages of excellent high-temperature creep property, excellent neutron irradiation swelling resistance, high thermal conductivity, small thermal expansion coefficient and the like, has important application in the energy industry, is the main steel for the main steam pipeline and the superheater pipeline header of the present supercritical thermal power generator set, and is also one of important candidate materials for the fourth generation water-cooled reactor core assembly. But the hardness of the ferrite/martensite steel is poor, the abrasion problem can still occur in the service process, and the service reliability is greatly weakened. Therefore, it is considered to prepare a coating on the surface of ferrite/martensite steel to improve the hardness thereof.
The high-entropy alloy is an alloy consisting of five or more main elements, and the molar ratio of each element is 5-35%. The high-entropy alloy has the characteristics which are not possessed by the traditional alloy, namely a high-entropy effect, a lattice distortion effect, a delayed diffusion effect and a cocktail effect. In addition, due to the high entropy effect in thermodynamics, complex intermetallic compounds are not formed, and the phase structure is mainly a solid solution structure, so that the material has many excellent properties such as high hardness, high strength, good wear resistance and the like.
The FeCrNiMnAl high-entropy alloy is widely researched at present due to the characteristic of low price, the preparation of the FeCrNiMnAl high-entropy alloy as a coating is only limited to the adoption of surface modification methods such as electrochemical deposition, magnetron sputtering and the like, and the prepared coating is only in a micron level, has poor bonding force with a matrix and is easy to peel off, and cannot meet most long-term application environments.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a preparation method for laser cladding of a FeCrNiMnAl high-entropy alloy coating on the surface of ferrite/martensite steel, aiming at solving the problem that ferrite/martensite steel widely applied in the energy industry has poor hardness and is easy to generate abrasion damage. Compared with a matrix, the FeCrNiMnAl high-entropy alloy coating applied by the invention has higher hardness; meanwhile, the problems that the FeCrNiMnAl high-entropy alloy coating prepared by the prior art is thin and has insufficient binding force with a matrix are solved, and another economic and applicable choice is provided for the application of the FeCrNiMnAl high-entropy alloy coating.
The invention adopts the laser cladding technology with high heating and cooling rates to prepare the high-entropy alloy coating with high hardness, bonding force and low cost on the surface of the ferrite/martensite steel. The method has the advantages of small heat effect on the matrix, metallurgical bonding between the coating and the matrix, high bonding strength, and the highest coating thickness of several millimeters, and has important significance on the safety and reliability of long-term effective service of ferrite/martensite steel.
In order to realize the technical problem, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the invention relates to a preparation method of a ferrite/martensite steel surface laser cladding high-entropy alloy coating, which is carried out according to the following steps:
sieving FeCrNiMnAl high-entropy alloy powder until the particle size is less than 53 mu m, and then carrying out vacuum drying;
step two, selecting ferrite/martensite as a substrate, grinding and polishing, then cleaning the surface by absolute ethyl alcohol, and drying in a natural state;
and step three, placing the FeCrNiMnAl high-entropy alloy powder treated in the step one on the surface of a ferrite/martensite substrate, carrying out laser cladding under the protection of inert gas, wherein the laser power is 800W-1200W, and cooling to room temperature to obtain the high-entropy alloy coating.
Further limited, the FeCrNiMnAl high-entropy alloy powder in the step one is prepared by adopting an air atomization method.
Further defined, the sieving in step one is repeated sieving with a 270 mesh sieve.
Further defined, step one was dried under vacuum at 60 ℃ for 8 hours.
And further limiting, in the second step, using 400-mesh, 600-mesh, 800-mesh, 1000-mesh, 1200-mesh, 1500-mesh and 2000-mesh sandpaper for sequentially grinding and polishing.
And further limiting, and grinding and polishing on a metallographic grinding and polishing machine in the step two.
Further limiting, the scanning speed of laser cladding in the third step is 5mm/s-7mm/s, the thickness of the preset powder is 2mm/s-3mm, the diameter of a light spot is 3mm, and the lapping distance is 1.8 mm.
Further, the inert gas in the third step is argon.
The invention prepares the FeCrNiMnAl high-entropy alloy coating on the surface of the ferrite/martensite steel substrate by using a laser cladding technology, and solves the problems of thin thickness and weak bonding force with a substrate when the FeCrNiMnAl high-entropy alloy coating is prepared by adopting methods such as electrochemical deposition, magnetron sputtering and the like in the prior art. The laser cladding technology has the characteristics of high energy input and quicker heating and cooling, the binding force of the coating and the base material is stronger, a high-entropy alloy coating with the thickness of several millimeters can be prepared by increasing the thickness of the preset powder during cladding, and a wider range is provided for the application of a FeCrNiMnAl high-entropy alloy coating which is cheap and easy to obtain and has better hardness.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the invention uses laser cladding technology to prepare FeCrNiMnAl high-entropy alloy coating with certain thickness on the surface of ferrite/martensite steel base material, and the compactness of the coating surface can be effectively controlled by adjusting relevant parameters such as laser power, scanning speed, preset powder thickness and the like, thereby obtaining the coating material with ideal hardness. The high-entropy alloy coating formed on the surface of the ferrite/martensite steel base material by the laser cladding technology forms a dendritic structure, and the hardness of the coating reaches 500-600HV and is greatly improved compared with the ferrite/martensite steel base material. The high-entropy alloy coating mainly takes a BCC solid solution phase as a main component and a small amount of FCC solid solution phase. The FeCrNiMnAl high-entropy alloy coating is prepared on the ferrite/martensite steel base material by a laser cladding technology, so that the hardness of the base material can be improved, and the method has important significance on the safety and reliability of long-term service; meanwhile, the problems that the FeCrNiMnAl high-entropy alloy coating prepared by the prior art is thin and has insufficient binding force with a matrix are solved, and another economic and applicable choice is provided for the application of the FeCrNiMnAl high-entropy alloy coating.
For a better understanding of the nature and technical aspects of the present invention, reference should be made to the following detailed description of the invention, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, which are provided for purposes of illustration and description, and are not intended to limit the invention.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a surface SEM image and EDS-mapping result of FeCrNiMnAl high-entropy alloy coating prepared by the invention in example 1;
FIG. 2 is an XRD test result of FeCrNiMnAl high-entropy alloy coating prepared by the embodiment 1 of the invention;
FIG. 3 is an XRD test result of FeCrNiMnAl high-entropy alloy coating prepared by the embodiment 2 of the invention;
FIG. 4 is an XRD test result of FeCrNiMnAl high-entropy alloy coating prepared by the embodiment 3 of the invention;
FIG. 5 is an XRD test result of FeCrNiMnAl high-entropy alloy coating prepared by the embodiment 4 of the invention;
FIG. 6 shows the XRD test result of FeCrNiMnAl high-entropy alloy coating prepared by the method of example 5;
FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional SEM image of a FeCrNiMnAl high-entropy alloy single-pass coating prepared by the method of example 6 of the invention;
FIG. 8 is a graph showing the Vickers hardness change of FeCrNiMnAl high-entropy alloy coatings prepared in examples 1 to 5 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further illustrated with reference to the following specific examples. It should be understood that these examples are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.
The experimental procedures used in the following examples are conventional unless otherwise specified.
Example 1: the method for laser cladding of the high-entropy alloy coating on the surface of the ferrite/martensite steel in the implementation comprises the following steps:
step (1) pretreatment of FeCrNiMnAl high-entropy alloy powder
And repeatedly sieving the FeCrNiMnAl high-entropy alloy powder prepared by adopting the gas atomization method by using a 270-mesh sieve to obtain FeCrNiMnAl high-entropy alloy powder with the particle size of less than 53um, and placing the FeCrNiMnAl high-entropy alloy powder into a vacuum drying oven to be dried for 8 hours at 60 ℃.
Step (2) ferrite/martensite steel matrix surface pretreatment
Ferrite/martensite is selected as a substrate, the size of the substrate is 40mm multiplied by 30mm multiplied by 20mm, the pretreatment comprises the steps of sequentially grinding and polishing the substrate on a metallographic grinding and polishing machine by using 400-mesh, 600-mesh, 800-mesh, 1000-mesh, 1200-mesh, 1500-mesh and 2000-mesh abrasive paper, cleaning the surface by using absolute ethyl alcohol, and drying in a natural state.
Step (3) cladding treatment of high-entropy alloy coating
Placing dried FeCrNiMnAl high-entropy alloy powder for later use on the surface of the ferrite/martensite substrate, and preparing the coating by adopting a laser cladding technology. Argon gas is used as protective gas, the laser power P is 800W, the scanning speed V is 5mm/s, the thickness D of the preset powder is 2mm, the diameter D of a light spot is 3mm, and the lap joint distance is 1.8 mm.
Surface treatment of the coating after cladding in step (4)
And after the laser cladding is finished, cooling the workpiece to room temperature. And (3) polishing the surface of the coating by using a metallographic polishing machine and sand paper, wherein the sand paper is 400 meshes, 600 meshes, 800 meshes, 1000 meshes, 1200 meshes, 1500 meshes and 2000 meshes in sequence, and finally, polishing the surface of the coating to a mirror surface by using a metallographic polishing solution.
The FeCrNiMnAl high-entropy alloy coating layer obtained by observing with a scanning electron microscope is shown in FIG. 1 as a surface topography of the FeCrNiMnAl high-entropy alloy coating layer in the embodiment 1 of the invention and an EDS-mapping element detection result.
And (3) cutting the sample into the size required by detection by using a linear cutting machine, grinding oil stains and oxide skin on the surface of the sample by using abrasive paper, and polishing by using a metallographic polishing machine. As shown in FIG. 2, the XRD test results of example 1 of the present invention show that the coating exists in BCC single solid solution phase structure.
FeCrNiMnAl high-entropy alloy powder is purchased from Yan New Material Co., Ltd, a model of 15-53um, Beijing Zhongke.
Example 2:
a method for laser cladding of a high-entropy alloy coating on the surface of ferrite/martensite steel specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) pretreatment of FeCrNiMnAl high-entropy alloy powder
And repeatedly sieving FeCrNiMnAl high-entropy alloy powder prepared by adopting an air atomization method by using a 270-mesh sieve to obtain FeCrNiMnAl high-entropy alloy powder with the particle size smaller than 53um, and placing the FeCrNiMnAl high-entropy alloy powder into a vacuum drying oven for vacuum drying for 8 hours at the set temperature of 60 ℃.
(2) Ferrite/martensite steel matrix surface pretreatment
Ferrite/martensite is selected as a substrate, the size of the substrate is 40 multiplied by 30 multiplied by 20mm, the pretreatment comprises the steps of sequentially grinding and polishing the substrate on a metallographic grinding and polishing machine by using 400-mesh, 600-mesh, 800-mesh, 1000-mesh, 1200-mesh, 1500-mesh and 2000-mesh abrasive paper, cleaning the surface by using absolute ethyl alcohol, and drying in a natural state.
(3) Cladding treatment of high-entropy alloy coating
Placing dried FeCrNiMnAl high-entropy alloy powder for later use on the surface of the ferrite/martensite substrate, and preparing the coating by adopting a laser cladding technology. Argon gas is used as protective gas, the laser power P is 800W, the scanning speed V is 7mm/s, the thickness D of the preset powder is 2mm, the diameter D of a light spot is 3mm, and the lap joint distance is 1.8 mm.
(4) Surface treatment of cladded coating
And after the laser cladding is finished, cooling the workpiece to room temperature. And (3) polishing the surface of the coating by using a metallographic polishing machine and sand paper, wherein the sand paper is 400 meshes, 600 meshes, 800 meshes, 1000 meshes, 1200 meshes, 1500 meshes and 2000 meshes in sequence, and finally, polishing the surface of the coating to a mirror surface by using a metallographic polishing solution.
And (3) cutting the sample into the size required by detection by using a linear cutting machine, grinding oil stains and oxide skin on the surface of the sample by using abrasive paper, and polishing by using a metallographic polishing machine. As shown in FIG. 3, the XRD test results of example 2 of the present invention show that the coating exists in BCC single solid solution phase structure.
Example 3:
a method for laser cladding of a high-entropy alloy coating on the surface of ferrite/martensite steel specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) pretreatment of FeCrNiMnAl high-entropy alloy powder
And repeatedly sieving FeCrNiMnAl high-entropy alloy powder prepared by adopting an air atomization method by using a 270-mesh sieve to obtain FeCrNiMnAl high-entropy alloy powder with the particle size smaller than 53um, and placing the FeCrNiMnAl high-entropy alloy powder into a vacuum drying oven for vacuum drying for 8 hours at the set temperature of 60 ℃.
(2) Ferrite/martensite steel matrix surface pretreatment
Ferrite/martensite is selected as a substrate, the size of the substrate is 40 multiplied by 30 multiplied by 20mm, the pretreatment comprises the steps of sequentially grinding and polishing the substrate on a metallographic grinding and polishing machine by using 400-mesh, 600-mesh, 800-mesh, 1000-mesh, 1200-mesh, 1500-mesh and 2000-mesh abrasive paper, cleaning the surface by using absolute ethyl alcohol, and drying in a natural state.
(3) Cladding treatment of high-entropy alloy coating
Placing dried FeCrNiMnAl high-entropy alloy powder for later use on the surface of the ferrite/martensite substrate, and preparing the coating by adopting a laser cladding technology. Argon is used as protective gas, the laser power P is 1000W, the scanning speed V is 5mm/s, the thickness D of the preset powder is 3mm, the diameter D of a light spot is 3mm, and the lap joint distance is 1.8 mm.
(4) Surface treatment of cladded coating
And after the laser cladding is finished, cooling the workpiece to room temperature. And (3) polishing the surface of the coating by using a metallographic polishing machine and sand paper, wherein the sand paper is 400 meshes, 600 meshes, 800 meshes, 1000 meshes, 1200 meshes, 1500 meshes and 2000 meshes in sequence, and finally, polishing the surface of the coating to a mirror surface by using a metallographic polishing solution.
And cutting the sample into the size required by detection by using a wire cutting machine, grinding oil stains and oxide skin on the surface of the sample by using abrasive paper, and polishing by using a metallographic polishing machine. As shown in FIG. 4, the XRD test results of example 3 of the present invention show that the coating exists mainly in BCC solid solution phase structure and a small amount of FCC solid solution phase structure.
Example 4:
a method for laser cladding of a high-entropy alloy coating on the surface of ferrite/martensite steel specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) pretreatment of FeCrNiMnAl high-entropy alloy powder
And repeatedly sieving FeCrNiMnAl high-entropy alloy powder prepared by adopting an air atomization method by using a 270-mesh sieve to obtain FeCrNiMnAl high-entropy alloy powder with the particle size smaller than 53um, and placing the FeCrNiMnAl high-entropy alloy powder into a vacuum drying oven for vacuum drying for 8 hours at the set temperature of 60 ℃.
(2) Ferrite/martensite steel matrix surface pretreatment
Ferrite/martensite is selected as a substrate, the size of the substrate is 40 multiplied by 30 multiplied by 20mm, the pretreatment comprises the steps of sequentially grinding and polishing the substrate on a metallographic grinding and polishing machine by using 400-mesh, 600-mesh, 800-mesh, 1000-mesh, 1200-mesh, 1500-mesh and 2000-mesh abrasive paper, cleaning the surface by using absolute ethyl alcohol, and drying in a natural state.
(3) Cladding treatment of high-entropy alloy coating
Placing dried FeCrNiMnAl high-entropy alloy powder for later use on the surface of the ferrite/martensite substrate, and preparing the coating by adopting a laser cladding technology. Argon is used as protective gas, the laser power P is 1000W, the scanning speed V is 7mm/s, the thickness D of the preset powder is 3mm, the diameter D of a light spot is 3mm, and the lap joint distance is 1.8 mm.
(4) Surface treatment of cladded coating
And after the laser cladding is finished, cooling the workpiece to room temperature. And (3) polishing the surface of the coating by using a metallographic polishing machine and sand paper, wherein the sand paper is 400 meshes, 600 meshes, 800 meshes, 1000 meshes, 1200 meshes, 1500 meshes and 2000 meshes in sequence, and finally, polishing the surface of the coating to a mirror surface by using a metallographic polishing solution.
And (3) cutting the sample into the size required by detection by using a linear cutting machine, grinding oil stains and oxide skin on the surface of the sample by using abrasive paper, and polishing by using a metallographic polishing machine. As shown in FIG. 5, the XRD test results of example 4 of the present invention show that the coating exists mainly in BCC solid solution phase structure and a small amount of FCC solid solution phase structure.
Example 5:
a method for laser cladding of a high-entropy alloy coating on the surface of ferrite/martensite steel specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) pretreatment of FeCrNiMnAl high-entropy alloy powder
And repeatedly sieving FeCrNiMnAl high-entropy alloy powder prepared by adopting an air atomization method by using a 270-mesh sieve to obtain FeCrNiMnAl high-entropy alloy powder with the particle size smaller than 53um, and placing the FeCrNiMnAl high-entropy alloy powder into a vacuum drying oven for vacuum drying for 8 hours at the set temperature of 60 ℃.
(2) Ferrite/martensite steel matrix surface pretreatment
Ferrite/martensite is selected as a substrate, the size of the substrate is 40 multiplied by 30 multiplied by 20mm, the pretreatment comprises the steps of sequentially grinding and polishing the substrate on a metallographic grinding and polishing machine by using 400-mesh, 600-mesh, 800-mesh, 1000-mesh, 1200-mesh, 1500-mesh and 2000-mesh abrasive paper, cleaning the surface by using absolute ethyl alcohol, and drying in a natural state.
(3) Cladding treatment of high-entropy alloy coating
Placing dried FeCrNiMnAl high-entropy alloy powder for later use on the surface of the ferrite/martensite substrate, and preparing the coating by adopting a laser cladding technology. Argon is used as protective gas, the laser power P is 1200W, the scanning speed V is 7mm/s, the thickness D of the preset powder is 3mm, the diameter D of a light spot is 3mm, and the lap joint distance is 1.8 mm.
(4) Surface treatment of cladded coating
And after the laser cladding is finished, cooling the workpiece to room temperature. And (3) polishing the surface of the coating by using a metallographic polishing machine and sand paper, wherein the sand paper is 400 meshes, 600 meshes, 800 meshes, 1000 meshes, 1200 meshes, 1500 meshes and 2000 meshes in sequence, and finally, polishing the surface of the coating to a mirror surface by using a metallographic polishing solution.
And (3) cutting the sample into the size required by detection by using a linear cutting machine, grinding oil stains and oxide skin on the surface of the sample by using abrasive paper, and polishing by using a metallographic polishing machine. As shown in FIG. 6, the XRD test results of example 5 of the present invention show that the coating exists mainly in BCC solid solution phase structure and a small amount of FCC solid solution phase structure.
The reason for the present invention to produce the FCC phase is the difference in laser power among the process conditions. In examples 3-5, the laser powers were 1000W and 1200W, and the higher laser power resulted in an excessively high bath temperature. In a FeCrNiMnAl high-entropy alloy system, the melting point of the Al element is the lowest, and when the temperature is too high during cladding, the segregation of the Al element in the high-entropy alloy can be caused, and the Al element is easily caused by the reaction between the Al element and oxygen in the air and the Al element is firstly diffused to an interface layer of a coating to react with the oxygen in the air 2 O 3 So that Al is detected in XRD phase detection 2 O 3 The FCC structure of (a).
Example 6:
a method for laser cladding of a high-entropy alloy single-pass coating on the surface of ferrite/martensite steel specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) pretreatment of FeCrNiMnAl high-entropy alloy powder
And repeatedly sieving FeCrNiMnAl high-entropy alloy powder prepared by adopting an air atomization method by using a 270-mesh sieve to obtain FeCrNiMnAl high-entropy alloy powder with the particle size smaller than 53um, and placing the FeCrNiMnAl high-entropy alloy powder into a vacuum drying oven for vacuum drying for 8 hours at the set temperature of 60 ℃.
(2) Ferrite/martensite steel matrix surface pretreatment
Ferrite/martensite is selected as a substrate, the size of the substrate is 40 multiplied by 30 multiplied by 20mm, the pretreatment comprises the steps of sequentially grinding and polishing the substrate on a metallographic grinding and polishing machine by using 400-mesh, 600-mesh, 800-mesh, 1000-mesh, 1200-mesh, 1500-mesh and 2000-mesh abrasive paper, cleaning the surface by using absolute ethyl alcohol, and drying in a natural state.
(3) Cladding treatment of high-entropy alloy coating
Placing dried FeCrNiMnAl high-entropy alloy powder for later use on the surface of the ferrite/martensite substrate, and preparing the coating by adopting a laser cladding technology. Argon is used as protective gas, the laser power P is 800W, the scanning speed V is 5mm/s, the preset powder thickness D is 3mm, and the light spot diameter D is 3 mm.
(4) Surface treatment of cladded coating
And after the laser cladding is finished, cooling the workpiece to room temperature. Cutting a sample into a size required by detection by using a wire cutting machine, polishing the cross section of the coating by using a metallographic polishing machine and abrasive paper, wherein the abrasive paper is 400 meshes, 600 meshes, 800 meshes, 1000 meshes, 1200 meshes, 1500 meshes and 2000 meshes in sequence, and finally polishing to a mirror surface by using a metallographic polishing solution.
The FeCrNiMnAl high-entropy alloy single-channel coating obtained by observation by using a scanning electron microscope is shown in FIG. 7, which is a cross-sectional shape chart of the FeCrNiMnAl high-entropy alloy single-channel coating in the embodiment 6 of the present invention.
The FeCrNiMnAl high-entropy alloy coatings prepared in examples 1 to 5 were subjected to a Vickers hardness test, and the test results are shown in FIG. 8. As can be seen from FIG. 8, the hardness of the FeCrNiMnAl high-entropy alloy coating prepared by each example is obviously improved compared with that of the ferrite/martensite steel substrate, and the hardness value is lower when the FeCrNiMnAl high-entropy alloy coating is farther away from the surface of the coating, and the hardness value is lower when the FeCrNiMnAl high-entropy alloy coating is closer to the ferrite/martensite steel substrate; meanwhile, it can be seen from the figure that the hardness of the FeCrNiMnAl high-entropy alloy coating prepared in example 1 is the highest, which indicates that the laser power and the scanning speed have great influence on the compactness of the internal structure of the high-entropy alloy coating, and further influence the hardness thereof. The calculation formula of the dilution ratio eta of the cladding layer is eta ═ D/(D + H), and the dilution ratio eta of the cladding layer of the single-channel FeCrNiMnAl high-entropy alloy coating prepared in the example 6 can be calculated to be 17.56% according to the graph in FIG. 7.
Claims (9)
1. A preparation method of a ferrite/martensite steel surface laser cladding high-entropy alloy coating is characterized by comprising the following steps:
sieving FeCrNiMnAl high-entropy alloy powder until the particle size is less than 53 mu m, and then carrying out vacuum drying;
step two, selecting ferrite/martensite as a substrate, grinding and polishing, then cleaning the surface by absolute ethyl alcohol, and drying in a natural state;
and step three, placing the FeCrNiMnAl high-entropy alloy powder treated in the step one on the surface of the ferrite/martensite substrate treated in the step two, carrying out laser cladding under the protection of inert gas, wherein the laser power is 800W-1200W, and cooling to room temperature to obtain the high-entropy alloy coating.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the FeCrNiMnAl high entropy alloy powder of step one is prepared by gas atomization.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the sieving in the first step is repeated sieving with a 270-mesh sieve.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein step one is vacuum dried at 60 ℃ for 8 hours.
5. The method according to claim 1, wherein 400 mesh, 600 mesh, 800 mesh, 1000 mesh, 1200 mesh, 1500 mesh and 2000 mesh sandpaper are used for sequentially sanding and polishing in step two.
6. The method according to claim 5, wherein the second step is grinding and polishing on a metallographic grinding and polishing machine.
7. The preparation method of claim 1, wherein the scanning speed of laser cladding in the third step is 5mm/s-7mm/s, the thickness of the pre-powder is 2mm/s-3mm, the diameter of the light spot is 3mm, and the lap joint distance is 1.8 mm.
8. The method of claim 1, wherein the laser power in step three is 1000W.
9. The method according to claim 1, wherein the inert gas in the third step is argon gas.
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