CN111139471B - Method for preparing superhard Zr on surface of zirconium alloyxMethod for CrCoFeNi high-entropy alloy coating - Google Patents

Method for preparing superhard Zr on surface of zirconium alloyxMethod for CrCoFeNi high-entropy alloy coating Download PDF

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CN111139471B
CN111139471B CN202010085221.9A CN202010085221A CN111139471B CN 111139471 B CN111139471 B CN 111139471B CN 202010085221 A CN202010085221 A CN 202010085221A CN 111139471 B CN111139471 B CN 111139471B
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entropy alloy
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CN111139471A (en
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柴林江
王月圆
向康
关浩天
麻彦龙
直妍
沟引宁
胡红军
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Chongqing University of Technology
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23CCOATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C24/00Coating starting from inorganic powder
    • C23C24/08Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat
    • C23C24/10Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat with intermediate formation of a liquid phase in the layer
    • C23C24/103Coating with metallic material, i.e. metals or metal alloys, optionally comprising hard particles, e.g. oxides, carbides or nitrides
    • C23C24/106Coating with metal alloys or metal elements only
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22CALLOYS
    • C22C30/00Alloys containing less than 50% by weight of each constituent

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Abstract

The invention discloses a method for preparing superhard Zr on the surface of zirconium alloyxThe method for CrCoFeNi high-entropy alloy coating comprises the following steps: (1) polishing a zirconium alloy workpiece to be bright, cleaning and drying; (2) mixing metal powder of Co, Cr, Fe and Ni with the same mole fraction into paste by using an organic solvent, coating the paste on the surface of a workpiece, and then drying; performing laser surface cladding treatment on the workpiece subjected to coating preset treatment; (4) taking out the workpiece subjected to laser surface cladding treatment to obtain the workpiece with Zr on the surfacexA workpiece coated with a CrCoFeNi high-entropy alloy. The high-entropy alloy coating prepared by the method has a dendritic structure, the mechanical properties such as the microhardness and the strength of the surface of the obtained workpiece are obviously improved, and the depth and the structure of a hardened layer are finer and more uniform; in addition, the process provided by the invention is simple and convenient to operate, simple in equipment, economical and practical, reliable in technology, high in efficiency, stable in quality and capable of realizing better economic benefits.

Description

Method for preparing superhard Zr on surface of zirconium alloyxMethod for CrCoFeNi high-entropy alloy coating
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of laser surface cladding treatment for metal material processing, in particular to a method for preparing superhard Zr on the surface of zirconium alloyxA method for CrCoFeNi high-entropy alloy coating.
Background
In recent years, the laser surface cladding technology has the advantages of high energy, high cooling speed, rapid and local processing of workpieces, controllable thickness of coatings on the surfaces of the workpieces, high coating quality and good combination degree with a matrix, capability of remarkably changing the surface performance and the service life of materials, capability of retaining the good performance of the matrix material and wide attention and application by researchers because the laser surface cladding technology is a modern surface modification technology which is used for rapidly processing the surfaces of workpieces by quickly fusing one or more alloy elements and the surface metal of the matrix material to form a good metallurgical bonding layer so as to improve the surface performance of the matrix material.
The zirconium (Zr) alloy has the advantages of good plasticity, excellent corrosion resistance and corrosion resistance, small thermal neutron absorption cross section and the like, and is applied to the cladding of nuclear reactor fuel elements. However, as a structural material, it is exposed to scouring, corrosion and neutron irradiation of high-temperature and high-pressure cooling water during operation of nuclear fuel. Therefore, the existence of failure modes such as corrosion, fatigue, cracks, irradiation damage and the like puts higher requirements on the performance of the zirconium alloy so as to ensure the safety of the nuclear reactor, including corrosion resistance, wear resistance, small thermal neutron absorption cross section and the like.
The high-entropy alloy at least contains five elements, and the content of each element is between 5 and 35 percent. The interaction among the characteristics of various elements enables the high-entropy alloy to present a complex effect, which is reflected in high mixed entropy and serious lattice distortion, and particularly, the high-entropy alloy which has large difference with Gipss phase rate in structure has simple phase, reasonable structural composition has various advantages of high hardness, excellent wear resistance, corrosion resistance, high-temperature oxidation resistance, good thermal stability and the like. The development and preparation of the high-entropy alloy block material are limited by the defects of high cost, uneven components, large brittleness and the like, and the design and preparation of a high-entropy alloy coating on the surface of the block metal material are tried to realize the remarkable improvement of the surface performance of the block metal material, so that the block metal material has unpredictability and challenge.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for obtaining a superhard surface high-entropy alloy coating by modifying the surface of a zirconium alloy on the basis of ensuring the good performance of a base material (Zr702), and the method is expected to have high efficiency, simple and convenient operation, reliable technology and simple equipment in a technological process, thereby achieving the purpose of improving the surface mechanical properties such as microhardness, strength, wear resistance, corrosion resistance and the like of the surface of the Zr702 alloy material.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
method for preparing superhard Zr on surface of zirconium alloyxThe method for CrCoFeNi high-entropy alloy coating comprises the following steps: (1) workpiece pretreatment: polishing a zirconium alloy workpiece to be bright, cleaning and drying; (2) coating preset treatment: mixing metal powder of Co, Cr, Fe and Ni with the same mole fraction into paste by using an organic solvent, coating the paste on the surface of a workpiece, and then drying; (3) the laser surface cladding treatment process comprises the following steps: performing laser surface cladding treatment on the workpiece subjected to coating preset treatment; (4) taking out the workpiece subjected to laser surface cladding treatment to obtain the workpiece with Zr on the surfacexA workpiece coated with a CrCoFeNi high-entropy alloy.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the step (1) of pre-treating the workpiece comprises: sequentially selecting 400#, 800#, 1000#, 1200#, 2000# and 3000# sandpaper to polish the sample to be bright, and rotating the sample for 90 degrees when the sandpaper with different numerical values is used for polishing; cleaning the sample by absolute ethyl alcohol after polishing; and then blow-drying the surface thereof.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the organic solvent in step (2) is a PVA organic solvent.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the process parameters of the coating pre-treatment in step (2) are as follows: the concentration of the PVA organic solvent is 6-10 wt.%, the preset thickness of the coating is 1000-.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, before the metal powders of Co, Cr, Fe and Ni are mixed into a paste in step (2), the metal powders of Co, Cr, Fe and Ni are mixed by a ball mill for 8 to 12 hours to ensure uniform components, and the step of mixing the powders by the ball mill is performed before or after step (1).
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in the laser surface cladding treatment in step (3), inert gas is used as shielding gas, and the process parameters of the laser surface cladding treatment are as follows: laser power is 50-300W, energy density is 12-15J/mm2The pulse width is 3-6ms, the defocusing amount is 0-4mm, and the scanning speed is 5-10 mm/s.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the inert gas is argon having a purity of 99.9%.
In a preferred scheme of the invention, the technological parameters of laser surface cladding treatment are as follows: laser power 300W, energy density 12.5J/mm2Pulse width 5ms, defocus 2mm, and scanning speed 8 mm/s.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the surface of the workpiece ZrxCo, Cr, Fe and Ni in the CrCoFeNi high-entropy alloy coating have the same mole fraction, and the content of Zr is 5-15 at%; zr preparedxThe thickness of the CrCoFeNi high-entropy alloy coating is 220-550 mu m.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the zirconium alloy workpiece is Zr 702.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. in the invention, proper four metals of Cr, Co, Fe and Ni are selected to prepare Zr with a certain depth on the surface of the Zr702 alloyxThe high-entropy CrCoFeNi alloy coating contains metal elements Co, Cr, Fe and Ni with the same mole fraction, and the content of metal element Zr is 5-15 at.%. The four metals Cr, Co, Fe and Ni in the coating belong to transition elements, are close in position on the periodic table of the elements, have almost the same atomic size and smaller mixing enthalpy, are beneficial to forming a single FCC solid solution phase, do not have obvious composition fluctuation and long-range chemical order phenomena, have the advantages of good plasticity, good ductility and the like, and can improve the wear resistance and hardness of the coating. The invention also adopts the pulse laser surface cladding technology, effectively controls the coating on the surface of the workpiece by adjusting the laser processing parameters and the preset thickness of the coating, and successfully obtains Zr with a certain depth on the surface of the Zr702 alloyxCrCoFeNi high-entropy alloy coating.
2. According to the invention, the dendritic structure is formed on the surface of the Zr702 material with the high-entropy alloy coating cladded on the surface by the pulse laser, the optimal modified layer depth reaches 550 mu m, the hardness reaches 878.4HV, and the hardness is improved by 4-5 times compared with that of the Zr702 matrix. Test results show that the treatment method for cladding the high-entropy alloy coating on the laser surface provided by the invention conforms to the property change rule of the Zr702 alloy material, can effectively improve mechanical properties such as microhardness, strength and the like of the Zr702 alloy, and enables the hardened layer depth and the structure to be finer and more uniform.
3. The process provided by the invention has the advantages of simple operation, simple equipment, economy, practicality, reliable technology, high efficiency and stable quality, and can realize better economic benefit.
Additional aspects and advantages of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows and, in part, will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention.
Drawings
FIG. 1 shows the XRD test results of the surface coating and the surface of the zirconium alloy substrate obtained by the present invention.
FIG. 2 shows the dendritic structure of the zirconium alloy surface coating obtained by the present invention.
Fig. 3 shows the results of the hardness test of the coating obtained in example 1 of the present invention.
Fig. 4 shows the results of the hardness test of the coating obtained in example 2 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated by the following examples, which are not intended to be limiting. The operations referred to in the following examples are conventional ones unless otherwise specified.
Example 1
Selecting a prepared Zr702 alloy sample with the size of 12 multiplied by 18 multiplied by 2mm, firstly sequentially selecting 400#, 800#, 1000#, 1200#, 2000# and 3000# abrasive paper to polish the sample to be bright, and rotating the sample by 90 degrees when replacing the abrasive paper sample with different values. And cleaning the sample by using absolute ethyl alcohol after polishing, and finally drying the surface of the sample. Placing a sample with a clean surface on a special carrier, mixing metal powder with components of Cr, Co, Fe and Ni (the components of Co, Cr, Fe and Ni have the same mole fraction) into paste by using a PVA organic solvent, flatly coating the paste on the surface of a workpiece, and then placing the workpiece in a drying oven for drying, wherein the preset treatment process parameters of the coating are as follows: 6 wt% of PVA organic solvent, 1000-1200 mu m of preset coating thickness, 120 ℃ of drying temperature and 8h of drying time.
Clamping the dried sample on a special clamp,placing the sample on a working station of a working chamber of pulse laser equipment, and adopting argon with the purity of 99.9 percent as protective gas. And starting pulse laser equipment, loading voltage and carrying out pulse laser surface cladding treatment on the surface of the Zr702 material. The main parameter ranges of the pulse laser surface cladding treatment are as follows: laser power 300W, energy density 12.5J/mm2Pulse width 5ms, defocus 2mm, and scanning speed 8 mm/s. And taking out the Zr702 alloy workpiece subjected to laser surface cladding treatment, and polishing the surface and the side surface of the workpiece to be flat. In the embodiment, Zr is prepared on the surface of the Zr702 alloy by a laser cladding treatment process under the laser power of 300WxA CrCoFeNi (x 15 at.%) high entropy alloy coating.
The XRD test results of the substrate material before laser treatment and the coating after treatment are shown in fig. 1. Tests show that a modified layer with a dendritic structure is formed on the surface of the Zr702 alloy treated by the laser surface cladding treatment method, and the depth of the modified layer reaches 550 mu m; the dendritic structure of the high entropy alloy coating on the surface of the Zr702 alloy is shown in figure 2. The hardness test results of the base material before laser treatment and the treated coating are shown in FIG. 3, and the hardness of the high-entropy alloy coating on the surface of the treated Zr702 alloy is as high as 878.4HV (the hardness of the Zr702 matrix is about 210 HV), which is improved by more than 4 times compared with the matrix.
Example 2
Selecting a prepared Zr702 alloy sample with the size of 12 multiplied by 18 multiplied by 2mm, firstly sequentially selecting 400#, 800#, 1000#, 1200#, 2000# and 3000# abrasive paper to polish the sample to be bright, and rotating the sample by 90 degrees when replacing the abrasive paper sample with different values. And cleaning the sample by using absolute ethyl alcohol after polishing, and finally drying the surface of the sample. Placing a sample with a clean surface on a special carrier, mixing metal powder with components of Cr, Co, Fe and Ni (the components of Co, Cr, Fe and Ni have the same mole fraction) into paste by using a PVA organic solvent, flatly coating the paste on the surface of a workpiece, and then placing the workpiece in a drying oven for drying, wherein the preset treatment process parameters of the coating are as follows: the concentration of the PVA organic solvent is 8 wt.%, the preset thickness of the coating is 1000-1200 mu m, the drying temperature is 120 ℃, and the drying time is 8 h.
Clamping the dried sample on a special fixture, placing the fixture on a working position of a working chamber of pulse laser equipment, andargon with a purity of 99.9% was used as the shielding gas. And starting pulse laser equipment, loading voltage and carrying out pulse laser surface cladding treatment on the surface of the Zr702 material. The main parameter ranges of the pulse laser surface cladding treatment are as follows: laser power of 100W and energy density of 12.5J/mm2Pulse width 5ms, defocus 2mm, and scanning speed 8 mm/s. And taking out the Zr702 alloy workpiece subjected to laser surface cladding treatment, and polishing the surface and the side surface of the workpiece to be flat. In the embodiment, Zr is prepared on the surface of the Zr702 alloy by a laser cladding treatment process under the laser power of 100WxA CrCoFeNi (x 10 at.%) high entropy alloy coating.
The hardness test results of the substrate material before laser treatment and the treated coating are shown in FIG. 4, and the hardness of the high-entropy alloy coating on the surface of the treated Zr702 alloy is as high as 697HV (the hardness of the Zr702 matrix is about 210 HV), which is improved by more than 3 times compared with the matrix. Tests show that a modified layer with a dendritic structure is formed on the surface of the Zr702 alloy treated by the laser surface cladding treatment method, and the depth of the modified layer reaches 370 mu m.
Example 3
Selecting a prepared Zr702 alloy sample with the size of 12 multiplied by 18 multiplied by 2mm, firstly sequentially selecting 400#, 800#, 1000#, 1200#, 2000# and 3000# abrasive paper to polish the sample to be bright, and rotating the sample by 90 degrees when replacing the abrasive paper sample with different values. And cleaning the sample by using absolute ethyl alcohol after polishing, and finally drying the surface of the sample. Placing a sample with a clean surface on a special carrier, mixing metal powder with components of Cr, Co, Fe and Ni (the components of Co, Cr, Fe and Ni have the same mole fraction) into paste by using a PVA organic solvent, flatly coating the paste on the surface of a workpiece, and then placing the workpiece in a drying oven for drying, wherein the preset treatment process parameters of the coating are as follows: 10 wt% of PVA organic solvent, 1000-1200 mu m of preset coating thickness, 120 ℃ of drying temperature and 8h of drying time.
And clamping the dried sample on a special clamp, putting the special clamp on a working station of a working chamber of pulse laser equipment, and adopting argon with the purity of 99.9 percent as protective gas. And starting pulse laser equipment, loading voltage and carrying out pulse laser surface cladding treatment on the surface of the Zr702 material. Main parameters of pulse laser surface cladding treatmentThe range is as follows: laser power 80W, energy density 12.5J/mm2Pulse width 5ms, defocus 2mm, and scanning speed 8 mm/s. And taking out the Zr702 alloy workpiece subjected to laser surface cladding treatment, and polishing the surface and the side surface of the workpiece to be flat. In the embodiment, Zr is prepared on the surface of the Zr702 alloy by a laser cladding treatment process under the laser power of 50WxCrCoFeNi (x 5 at.%) high entropy alloy coatings with a thickness of 220 μm (modified layer of dendritic structure).
While embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to the embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the claims and their equivalents.

Claims (9)

1. Method for preparing superhard Zr on surface of zirconium alloyxThe method for CrCoFeNi high-entropy alloy coating is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) workpiece pretreatment: polishing a zirconium alloy workpiece to be bright, cleaning and drying;
(2) coating preset treatment: mixing metal powder of Co, Cr, Fe and Ni with the same mole fraction into paste by using an organic solvent, coating the paste on the surface of a workpiece, and then drying, wherein the preset thickness of the coating is 1000-1200 mu m;
(3) the laser surface cladding treatment process comprises the following steps: carrying out laser surface cladding treatment on the workpiece subjected to coating preset treatment, wherein inert gas is adopted as protective gas, and the technological parameters of the laser surface cladding treatment are as follows: the laser power is 50-300W, the energy density is 12-15J/mm2, the pulse width is 3-6ms, the defocusing amount is 0-4mm, and the scanning speed is 5-10 mm/s;
(4) taking out the workpiece subjected to laser surface cladding treatment to obtain the workpiece with Zr on the surfacexWorkpiece with CrCoFeNi high-entropy alloy coating, and Zr on surface of workpiecexCo, Cr, Fe and Ni in the CrCoFeNi high-entropy alloy coating have the same mole fraction, and the content of Zr is 5-15 at.%.
2. A method according to claim 1Preparation of superhard Zr on surface of zirconium alloyxThe method for CrCoFeNi high-entropy alloy coating is characterized in that the step (1) workpiece pretreatment comprises the following steps: sequentially selecting 400#, 800#, 1000#, 1200#, 2000# and 3000# sandpaper to polish the sample to be bright, and rotating the sample for 90 degrees when the sandpaper with different numerical values is used for polishing; cleaning the sample by absolute ethyl alcohol after polishing; and then blow-drying the surface thereof.
3. The method for preparing superhard Zr on the surface of zirconium alloy according to claim 1xThe method for CrCoFeNi high-entropy alloy coating is characterized in that the organic solvent in the step (2) is a PVA organic solvent.
4. The method for preparing the superhard Zr on the surface of the zirconium alloy according to claim 3xThe method for CrCoFeNi high-entropy alloy coating is characterized in that the process parameters of coating preset treatment in the step (2) are as follows: the concentration of the PVA organic solvent is 6-10 wt.%, the drying temperature is 80-130 ℃, and the drying time is 8-10 h.
5. The method for preparing superhard Zr on the surface of zirconium alloy according to claim 1xThe method for CrCoFeNi high-entropy alloy coating is characterized in that before the metal powder of Co, Cr, Fe and Ni is mixed into paste in the step (2), the metal powder of Co, Cr, Fe and Ni is mixed for 8-12 hours by a ball mill to ensure that the components are uniform, and the step of mixing the powder by the ball mill is carried out before or after the step (1).
6. The method for preparing superhard Zr on the surface of zirconium alloy according to claim 1xThe method for CrCoFeNi high-entropy alloy coating is characterized in that in the step (3), the inert gas is argon with the purity of 99.9%.
7. The method for preparing superhard Zr on the surface of zirconium alloy according to claim 1xThe method for CrCoFeNi high-entropy alloy coating is characterized in that the technological parameters of laser surface cladding treatment in the step (3) are as follows: laser power 300W, energy density 12.5J/mm2Pulse width 5ms, defocus 2mm, and scanning speed 8 mm/s.
8. The method for preparing superhard Zr on the surface of zirconium alloy according to claim 1xThe method for preparing the CrCoFeNi high-entropy alloy coating is characterized in that the prepared ZrxThe thickness of the CrCoFeNi high-entropy alloy coating is 220-550 mu m.
9. The method for preparing superhard Zr on the surface of zirconium alloy according to claim 1xThe method for CrCoFeNi high-entropy alloy coating is characterized in that a zirconium alloy workpiece is Zr 702.
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CN107299342A (en) * 2017-07-05 2017-10-27 暨南大学 A kind of high-entropy alloy coating and its production and use
CN108004452A (en) * 2017-11-27 2018-05-08 北京理工大学 A kind of CoCrFeNiHfxHigh entropy alloy material and preparation method thereof
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