CN114891963A - Guide rail laser quenching method - Google Patents
Guide rail laser quenching method Download PDFInfo
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- CN114891963A CN114891963A CN202210501733.8A CN202210501733A CN114891963A CN 114891963 A CN114891963 A CN 114891963A CN 202210501733 A CN202210501733 A CN 202210501733A CN 114891963 A CN114891963 A CN 114891963A
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- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 223
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 220
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 59
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 71
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000003570 air Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 abstract description 27
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 abstract description 8
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- FFBHFFJDDLITSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzyl N-[2-hydroxy-4-(3-oxomorpholin-4-yl)phenyl]carbamate Chemical compound OC1=C(NC(=O)OCC2=CC=CC=C2)C=CC(=C1)N1CCOCC1=O FFBHFFJDDLITSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- -1 so that on one hand Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000110 cooling liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000734 martensite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000013307 optical fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/06—Surface hardening
- C21D1/09—Surface hardening by direct application of electrical or wave energy; by particle radiation
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/04—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for rails
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/25—Process efficiency
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Heat Treatment Of Articles (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a guide rail laser quenching method. The guide rail heat treatment method solves the technical problems that the guide rail in the prior art adopts the traditional heat treatment methods such as induction quenching, resistance heating quenching, flame heating quenching and the like, the phenomena of cracking and uneven hardness generated after quenching are difficult to control, and the thermal deformation is serious after quenching. The method adopts gas assistance, cooling assistance and double-sided constant-speed scanning to achieve the purpose of strengthening the guide rail. The double-side scanning speed is consistent, the power is kept unchanged in the whole process, the gas flow is kept consistent, gas is blown to the laser spot position of the surface to be quenched at a fixed angle at any moment in the quenching process, and the quenching spot B is blown to the laser spot position at any moment in the quenching process 1 Always keeps leading the quenching light spot A along the axial direction 1 One quenching light spot B 1 The width of the steel plate prevents cracking after quenching, deformation and uneven hardness.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to a metal surface heat treatment method, and particularly relates to a guide rail laser quenching method.
Background
The machine tool guide rail is a rail for supporting and guiding relevant parts of a machine tool to move along a certain track, is generally made of steel, is easy to wear in a long-term reciprocating motion process, and further reduces the motion precision of the machine tool, so that the guide rail is generally required to be subjected to relevant heat treatment in the manufacturing stage of the machine tool guide rail so as to increase the wear resistance of the guide rail, and the surface heat treatment can achieve a better effect in measures for improving the wear resistance.
The existing conventional heat treatment mode of the machine tool guide rail generally adopts induction quenching, resistance heating quenching, flame heating quenching methods and the like, but the machine tool guide rail is longer in size, and the traditional quenching method still has the following problems:
1. the phenomena of cracking and uneven hardness generated after the guide rail is quenched by heat treatment are difficult to control.
2. The guide rail has serious thermal deformation after quenching.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problems that the guide rail in the prior art adopts the traditional heat treatment methods such as induction quenching, resistance heating quenching, flame heating quenching and the like, the phenomena of cracking and uneven hardness generated after quenching are difficult to control, and the thermal deformation is serious after quenching, and provides a guide rail laser quenching method.
The invention relates to a guide rail laser quenching method, which comprises the following steps:
the purpose of strengthening the guide rail is achieved by adopting gas assistance, cooling assistance and double-sided constant-speed scanning. The double-side scanning speed is consistent, the power is kept unchanged in the whole process, the gas flow is kept consistent, the gas is blown to the laser spot position of the surface to be quenched at a fixed angle at any moment in the quenching process, and the quenching spot B is quenched at any moment in the quenching process 1 Always keeps leading the quenching light spot A along the axial direction 1 One quenching light spot B 1 Is measured.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
the guide rail laser quenching method is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
step 1 preparation before quenching
Confirming a surface A to be quenched of the guide rail to be quenched and an opposite surface B of the surface to be quenched, and determining the quenching starting position and the quenching ending position of the surface A to be quenched and the opposite surface B;
mounting the guide rail on equipment, wherein the equipment is provided with a cooling device, two lasers D1 and D2, and two gas conveying pipelines E1 and E2; the cooling device is used for cooling the guide rail; the E1 and E2 gas conveying pipelines are used for blowing away impurities generated in the machining process of the surface A to be quenched and the opposite surface B of the guide rail and further cooling the guide rail in machining;
step 2, setting the quenching spot size and equipment parameters
The setting of the quenching spot size comprises: setting quenching light spot A 1 The length of the quenching light spot is equal to the width of the surface A to be quenched, and a quenching light spot A is arranged 1 The length direction of the quenching surface A is consistent with the width direction of the quenching surface A; setting quenching light spot A 1 The width of (d); setting quenching facula B 1 Is equal to the width of the opposite surface B, and a quenching spot B is arranged 1 The length direction of (B) is consistent with the width direction of the opposite surface (B); setting quenching facula B 1 The width of the quenching light spot A is 1.5-2 times 1 The width of (d);
the equipment parameter setting means that the quenching facula A is caused by setting the equipment parameter 1 Linear power density of 4WS/mm or more 3 And is less than or equal to 15WS/mm 3 And quenching flare B 1 The linear power density of the quenching light spot A is 0.5-0.7 times 1 The linear power density of (a);
step 3 quenching
3.1 after step 2, starting the equipment;
3.2 quenching spots B 1 Firstly, the spot B to be quenched starts to move from the initial position to the end position of the opposite surface B 1 A quenching light spot B is moved 1 After width of (a), spot a is quenched 1 Starting to move from the initial position to the end position of the surface A to be quenched;
3.3 Spot B to be quenched 1 Quenching light spot A 1 When the equipment moves to the termination position, other functions of the equipment except the cooling device are closed;
step 4, cooling;
continuously cooling the guide rail until the guide rail is completely cooled;
step 5 detection
Detecting the hardness and the deformation of the processed guide rail, and finishing the work if the hardness and the deformation meet the requirements; otherwise, returning to the step 2, and adjusting equipment parameters until the hardness and the deformation uniformity of the guide rail meet the requirements;
the cooling medium in the cooling device is water or cooling liquid or other media with cooling function.
Further, in step 2, the device parameters include working distances of the two lasers D1 and D2, and a quenching spot A of the laser D1 1 Quenching spot B with laser D2 1 The power of the lasers D1 and D2 was set at the same scanning speed.
Further, in step 2, the scanning speeds of the laser D1 and the laser D2 are both greater than or equal to 5mm/s and less than or equal to 25 mm/s.
Further, in step 2, spot a is quenched 1 Has a width of 2mm or more and 5mm or less.
Further, step 2 also includes setting the following parameters:
the included angle between the laser D1 and the surface A to be quenched is 20-90 degrees;
the included angle between the laser D2 and the opposite surface B is 20-90 degrees;
the included angle between the E1 gas conveying pipeline and the surface A to be quenched is 0-90 degrees, the distance between the lowest point of the gas outlet end and the central point of the light spot of the laser D1 is 1/3-1/2 of the focal length of the laser D1, and the gas flow is more than or equal to 15L/min and less than or equal to 25L/min;
the included angle between the E2 gas conveying pipeline and the opposite surface B is 0-90 degrees, the distance between the lowest point of the gas outlet end and the spot center point of the laser D2 is 1/3-1/2 of the laser D2 focal length, and the gas flow is more than or equal to 15L/min and less than or equal to 25L/min.
Further, in the step 1, the gas in the two gas conveying pipes E1 and E2 is dry air, nitrogen or inert gas, the two gas conveying pipes E1 and E2 are used, and the blown gas is air, nitrogen or inert protective gas, so that on one hand, oil smoke is blown away, the influence of oil smoke dust and the like on the energy of the laser beam is avoided, the energy of the laser beam reaching the surface of the quenching guide rail is consistent, the hardness and the depth uniformity of the guide rail to be quenched are improved, and the problems that the hardness distribution of a quenching area is uneven and cracks are easily generated due to the fact that the guide rail to be quenched adopts methods such as induction quenching, resistance heating quenching, flame heating quenching and the like are solved; on the other hand, the quenching cooling speed is accelerated to a certain extent, and the quenching hardness and uniformity are obviously improved.
Further, the guide rail is made of steel with the carbon content larger than 0.35, and the surface A to be quenched and the opposite surface B are both planes, so that laser processing is facilitated.
Further, in the step 1, the laser is a fiber laser or a semiconductor laser with adjustable light spot and wavelength of 800-1100 nm.
Further, in step 2, the quenching light spot A 1 Quenching light spot B 1 The laser is a rectangular light spot, the size of the rectangular light spot is easier to control, and the quality after processing is better.
Further, in the step 2, an included angle between the E1 gas conveying pipeline and the surface A to be quenched is 20-70 degrees, and it is guaranteed that in the machining process, gas in the E1 gas conveying pipeline is always blown to the quenching position correspondingly;
the included angle of E2 gas conveying line and opposite face B is 20 ~ 70, and guarantees that in the course of working, the gas in the E2 gas conveying line blows to corresponding quenching position department all the time, and E1 gas conveying line can with the contained angle of waiting to quench a, E2 gas conveying line and opposite face B satisfy can blow away the oil smoke can.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. according to the guide rail laser quenching method, the martensite crystal grains after the guide rail surface is quenched are extremely fine by adopting laser quenching, the dislocation density is higher than that of the conventional quenching methods such as induction quenching, resistance heating quenching and flame heating quenching, and the performance of the quenched guide rail surface is greatly improved;
the problems of surface cracking and uneven hardness of the guide rail after quenching by induction quenching, resistance heating quenching and flame heating quenching methods are solved, and the deformation after quenching is greatly reduced.
2. The invention relates to a guide rail laser quenching method, which adopts gas assistance, cooling assistance and double-sided constant-speed scanning to achieve the purpose of strengthening the guide rail;
quenching spot B 1 Always keeps leading along the axial directionQuenching light spot A 1 One quenching light spot B 1 The width of (2) has the advantages that the quenching hardness of the surface A is not influenced, and the deformation after quenching is reduced to the minimum;
setting quenching light spot A 1 The length of the guide rail is equal to the width of the surface A to be quenched of the guide rail, and the quenching light spot B 1 The length of the guide rail is equal to the width of the opposite surface B of the guide rail surface to be quenched, so that the surface A to be quenched is ensured to be quenched and covered once, and the hardness of the surface A to be quenched is uniform after laser quenching once;
setting quenching facula B 1 The width of the quenching light spot A is 1.5-2 times 1 Width of quenching spot A 1 Linear power density of 4WS/mm or more 3 And is less than or equal to 15WS/mm 3 And quenching spot A 1 Quenching and firing spot B 1 The scanning speeds are the same, are more than or equal to 5mm/s and less than or equal to 25mm/s, and have the advantages that under the same power and scanning speed, the integrity of the surface state of the opposite surface B of the surface to be quenched is ensured; while providing a heat input required to reduce distortion;
the invention solves the technical problems of cracking and uneven hardness after quenching by adopting methods such as induction quenching, resistance heating quenching, flame heating quenching and the like as a whole, and reduces the deformation of the guide rail after quenching.
3. The guide rail laser quenching method is suitable for heat treatment processing of easily deformed long and thin guide rails, and can reduce deformation of the long and thin guide rails during heat treatment.
4. According to the guide rail laser quenching method, the surface structure of the adopted laser quenching treatment layer is more compact, and compared with the traditional quenching method, the guide rail laser quenching treatment layer has more uniform hardness and wear resistance.
5. The guide rail laser quenching method has high laser power density and short action time (less than 1s) with a certain point on the guide rail to be quenched, so the guide rail to be quenched has very small heat influence and deformation.
6. The guide rail laser quenching method is reliable and stable in process and easy to realize industrial application.
7. According to the guide rail laser quenching method, two gas conveying pipelines of E1 and E2 are used, air, nitrogen or inert protective gas is blown out, and due to the existence of the gas, on one hand, oil smoke is blown away, the influence of oil smoke dust and the like on the energy of a laser beam is avoided, on the other hand, the quenching cooling speed is accelerated to a certain degree, and the quenching hardness and uniformity are obviously improved.
Detailed Description
The laser quenching method comprises the following steps:
step 1, preparing in an early stage;
confirming a surface A to be quenched of the guide rail and an opposite surface B of the surface to be quenched, and determining the quenching starting position and the quenching ending position of the surface A to be quenched and the opposite surface B;
mounting the guide rail on equipment, wherein the equipment is provided with a cooling device, two lasers D1 and D2, and two gas conveying pipelines E1 and E2;
the guide rail is made of steel with the carbon content larger than 0.35, the surface A to be quenched and the opposite surface B are both planes, the laser is an optical fiber laser or a semiconductor laser with adjustable light spots and the wavelength of 800-1100 nm, and the gas in the two gas conveying pipes E1 and E2 is dry air, nitrogen or inert gas;
step 2, setting the quenching light spot size and equipment parameters
The setting of the quenching spot size comprises: setting quenching light spot A 1 The length of the quenching light spot is equal to the width of the surface A to be quenched, and a quenching light spot A is arranged 1 The length direction of the quenching surface A is consistent with the width direction of the quenching surface A; setting quenching light spot A 1 The width of (A) is more than or equal to 2mm and less than or equal to 5 mm; setting quenching facula B 1 Is equal to the width of the opposite surface B, and a quenching spot B is arranged 1 The length direction of (B) is consistent with the width direction of the opposite surface (B); setting quenching facula B 1 The width of the quenching light spot A is 1.5-2 times 1 The width of (d);
the equipment parameters comprise working distances of two lasers D1 and D2 and a quenching spot A of a laser D1 1 Quenching spot B with laser D2 1 Are the same in scanning speed and are all greater than or equal toSetting the power of the lasers D1 and D2 at 5mm/s to 25mm/s, wherein the included angle between the laser D1 and the surface A to be quenched is 20-90 degrees, and the included angle between the laser D2 and the opposite surface B is 20-90 degrees; an included angle between the E1 gas conveying pipeline and the surface A to be quenched is 20-70 degrees, the distance between the lowest point of the gas outlet end and the central point of a light spot of the laser D1 is 1/3-1/2 of the focal length of the laser D1, and the gas flow is more than or equal to 15L/min and less than or equal to 25L/min; e2 gas conveying pipeline and the included angle of the opposite surface B is 20-70 degrees, the distance between the lowest point of the gas outlet end and the spot center point of the laser D2 is 1/3-1/2 laser D2 focal length, and the gas flow is more than or equal to 15L/min and less than or equal to 25L/min;
after the setting is finished, the calculated quenching facula A needs to be ensured 1 Linear power density of 4WS/mm or more 3 And is less than or equal to 15WS/mm 3 Quenching spot B 1 The linear power density of the quenching light spot A is 0.5-0.7 times 1 The linear power density of (a);
step 3 quenching
Step 3.1, starting a cooling device, two gas conveying pipelines E1 and E2 and two lasers D1 and D2;
step 3.2 quenching facula B 1 Firstly, the spot B to be quenched starts to move from the initial position to the end position of the opposite surface B of the surface to be quenched 1 A quenching light spot B is moved 1 After width of (a), spot a is quenched 1 Starting to move from the initial position to the end position of the surface A to be quenched, and keeping the parameters set in the step 2 unchanged in the whole quenching process;
step 3.3 Spot B to be quenched 1 Quenching light spot A 1 When the quenching device moves to the stop position, the two lasers D1 and D2 stop emitting light respectively or simultaneously, the gas circuits of the two gas conveying pipelines E1 and E2 are closed respectively or simultaneously, namely after the surface A to be quenched and the opposite surface B are all quenched, the two lasers D1 and D2 and the two gas conveying pipelines E1 and E2 are closed simultaneously, or after the surface A to be quenched or the opposite surface B is quenched, the corresponding gas conveying pipelines D1 or D2 and E1 or E2 are closed;
step 4, cooling;
the cooling device continues to work until the guide rail to be quenched is completely cooled;
step 5 detection
Detecting the hardness and the deformation of the processed guide rail, and finishing the work if the hardness and the deformation meet the requirements; otherwise, returning to the step 2, and adjusting the equipment parameters until the hardness and the deformation uniformity of the guide rail meet the requirements.
The quenching area of the part to be quenched is a plane, the laser can be conveniently processed, the auxiliary gas is added, and the gas and smoke dust generated in the quenching process are blown away, so that the laser beam is not influenced, the energy of the laser beam reaching the surface of the quenching guide rail is consistent, the hardness and depth uniformity of the guide rail to be quenched are improved, and the problems that the hardness distribution of the quenching area is uneven, cracks are easily generated and the like caused by the guide rail to be quenched by adopting methods such as induction quenching, resistance heating quenching, flame heating quenching and the like are solved.
The scheme provided by the invention is suitable for the elongated guide rail with the quenching surface A and the opposite surface B which are both flat surfaces and the width of the quenching surface A and the opposite surface B between 5 and 50 mm.
The treatment method of the invention not only can improve the performances of the guide rail such as hardness, wear resistance, fatigue resistance and the like, but also solves the problems of easy cracking and difficult control of deformation in the traditional heat treatment.
The demonstration and the detailed description are made from the following examples:
example 1: a GCr15 machine tool guide rail quenching:
the size, chemical composition and process requirements of the GCr15 machine tool guide rail are as follows:
size: the width of the guide rail is 23mm, and the length of the guide rail is 1500 mm;
chemical components: c: 0.95% -1.05%, Mn: 0.25% -0.45%, Si: 0.15% -0.35%;
the process requirements are as follows:
(1) the surface quenching hardness of the surface A to be quenched is 56-62 HRC;
(2) the depth of a hardening layer on the surface A to be quenched is more than or equal to 0.60 mm;
(3) the deformation of the surface A to be quenched is less than 0.10 mm.
The GCr15 machine tool guide rail is quenched by adopting the laser quenching process;
the equipment parameters in step 2 are: the included angles of the E1 and E2 gas conveying pipelines and the plane of the guide rail are both 45 degrees, the focal lengths of the D1 and D2 lasers are 180mm, and the quenching light spot A is 1 Quenching and firing spot B 1 The scanning speed is 5mm/s, the distances between the lowest point of the two gas conveying pipelines E1 and E2 and the central point of the light spot are 70mm, and the gas flow rates of the two gas conveying pipelines E1 and E2 are 25L/Min; the power of the laser quenching equipment is 3450 w;
the quenching light spot size is as follows: adjusting quenching facula A 1 And quenching spot B 1 Is 23mm, and the quenching light spot A is adjusted 1 Is 2mm, and the quenching light spot B is adjusted 1 Is 4mm in width;
based on the parameters, after the guide rail laser quenching method is adopted for processing treatment and the quenching is finished, the hardness, the depth of a hardened layer and the deformation of the guide rail of the GCr15 machine tool are detected; the hardness of the surface A to be quenched of the guide rail is 58-61 HRC, the depth of a hardened layer is 0.85mm, the deformation is 0.06mm, and all the performances meet the product requirements.
Example 2: a40 Cr machine tool guide rail quenching:
the size, chemical composition and process requirements of the guide rail of the 40Cr machine tool are as follows:
size: the width of the guide rail is 10mm, and the length of the guide rail is 500 mm;
chemical components: c: 0.37-0.44%, Mn: 0.50% -0.80%, Si: 0.17% -0.37%, Cr: 0.80 to 1.10 percent of Ni and less than or equal to 0.30 percent of Ni;
the process requirements are as follows:
(1) the surface quenching hardness is 52-62 HRC;
(2) the depth of the hardened layer is more than or equal to 0.60 mm;
(3) the deformation is less than 0.10 mm.
The laser quenching process is adopted to quench the guide rail of the 40Cr machine tool:
the equipment parameters in step 2 are: the included angles between the E1 and E2 gas conveying pipelines and the plane of the guide rail are 65 degrees, the focal lengths of the D1 and D2 lasers are 100mm, the distances between the lowest point of the E1 and E2 gas conveying pipelines and the central point of the light spot are 40mm, and the E1 and the D2 laser are arranged on the same plane,The gas flow rates of the two gas conveying pipelines of E2 are both 18L/Min, and the quenching light spot A 1 Quenching and firing spot B 1 The scanning speed of the laser quenching device is 25mm/s, and the power of the laser quenching device is 5000 w;
the quenching light spot size is as follows: adjusting quenching facula A 1 And quenching spot B 1 Is 10mm, and the quenching light spot A is adjusted 1 Is 5mm, and the quenching light spot B is adjusted 1 Is 8mm in width;
based on the parameters, after the guide rail laser quenching method is adopted for processing, the hardness, the depth of a hardening layer and the deformation of the 40Cr machine tool guide rail are detected, the hardness of the surface A to be quenched of the guide rail is 55-60 HRC, the depth of the hardening layer is 0.75mm, the deformation is 0.08mm, and all the performances meet the product requirements.
Example 3: a40 Cr machine tool guide rail quenching:
the size, chemical composition and process requirements of the 40Cr machine tool guide rail are as follows:
size: the width of the guide rail is 30mm, and the length is 1500 mm;
chemical components: c: 0.37-0.44%, Mn: 0.50-0.80%, Cr: 0.80 to 1.10 percent;
the process requirements are as follows:
(1) the surface quenching hardness is 52-62 HRC;
(2) the depth of the hardened layer is more than or equal to 0.50 mm;
(3) the deformation is less than 0.15 mm.
The laser quenching process is adopted to quench the guide rail of the 40Cr machine tool:
the equipment parameters in step 2 are: the included angles between the E1 and E2 gas conveying pipelines and the plane of the guide rail are 35 degrees, the focal lengths of the D1 and D2 lasers are 150mm, the distances between the lowest points of the E1 and E2 gas conveying pipelines and the central points of the light spots are 60mm, the gas flow rates of the E1 and E2 gas conveying pipelines are 18L/Min, and the quenching light spots are A 1 Quenching and firing spot B 1 The scanning speed of the laser quenching device is 10mm/s, and the power of the laser quenching device is 5700 w;
the quenching light spot size is as follows: adjusting quenching facula A 1 And quenching spot B 1 Is 30mm in length, adjustedWhole quenching facula A 1 Is 3mm, and the quenching light spot B is adjusted 1 Is 5mm in width;
based on the parameters, after the guide rail laser quenching method is adopted for processing, the hardness, the depth of a hardening layer and the deformation of the 40Cr machine tool guide rail are detected, the hardness of the surface A to be quenched of the guide rail is 55-60 HRC, the depth of the hardening layer is 0.70mm, the deformation is 0.12mm, and all the performances meet the product requirements.
Claims (10)
1. A guide rail laser quenching method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1 preparation before quenching
Confirming a surface A to be quenched of the guide rail and an opposite surface B of the surface to be quenched, and determining the quenching starting position and the quenching ending position of the surface A to be quenched and the opposite surface B;
mounting the guide rail on equipment, wherein the equipment is provided with a cooling device, two lasers D1 and D2, and two gas conveying pipelines E1 and E2;
step 2, setting the quenching light spot size and equipment parameters
The setting of the quenching spot size comprises: setting quenching light spot A 1 The length of the quenching light spot is equal to the width of the surface A to be quenched, and a quenching light spot A is arranged 1 The length direction of the quenching surface A is consistent with the width direction of the quenching surface A; setting quenching light spot A 1 The width of (d); setting quenching facula B 1 Is equal to the width of the opposite surface B, and a quenching spot B is arranged 1 The length direction of (B) is consistent with the width direction of the opposite surface (B); setting quenching facula B 1 The width of the quenching light spot A is 1.5-2 times 1 The width of (d);
the equipment parameter setting means that the quenching facula A is caused by setting the equipment parameter 1 Linear power density of 4WS/mm or more 3 And is less than or equal to 15WS/mm 3 And quenching spot B 1 The linear power density of the quenching light spot A is 0.5-0.7 times 1 The linear power density of (a);
step 3 quenching
3.1 after step 2, starting the equipment;
3.2 quenching spots B 1 Firstly, the spot B to be quenched starts to move from the initial position to the end position of the opposite surface B 1 A quenching light spot B is moved 1 After width of (a), spot a is quenched 1 Starting to move from the initial position to the end position of the surface A to be quenched;
3.3 Spot B to be quenched 1 Quenching light spot A 1 When the equipment moves to the termination position, other functions of the equipment except the cooling device are closed;
step 4, cooling;
continuously cooling the guide rail until the guide rail is completely cooled;
step 5 detection
Detecting the hardness and the deformation of the processed guide rail, and finishing the work if the hardness and the deformation meet the requirements; otherwise, returning to the step 2, and adjusting the equipment parameters until the hardness and the deformation uniformity of the guide rail meet the requirements.
2. The laser quenching method for the guide rail according to claim 1, characterized in that:
in step 2, the equipment parameters include working distances of two lasers D1 and D2 and a quenching spot A of a laser D1 1 Quenching spot B with laser D2 1 The power of the lasers D1 and D2 was set at the same scanning speed.
3. The laser quenching method for the guide rail as claimed in claim 2, wherein:
in step 2, the scanning speeds of the laser D1 and the laser D2 are both greater than or equal to 5mm/s and less than or equal to 25 mm/s.
4. The laser quenching method for a guide rail according to claim 3, wherein:
in step 2, quenching light spot A 1 Has a width of 2mm or more and 5mm or less.
5. The guide rail laser quenching method according to any one of claims 2 to 4, wherein:
the step 2 also comprises the following parameter setting:
the included angle between the laser D1 and the surface A to be quenched is 20-90 degrees;
the included angle between the laser D2 and the opposite surface B is 20-90 degrees;
the included angle between the E1 gas conveying pipeline and the surface A to be quenched is 0-90 degrees, the distance between the lowest point of the gas outlet end and the central point of the light spot of the laser D1 is 1/3-1/2 of the focal length of the laser D1, and the gas flow is more than or equal to 15L/min and less than or equal to 25L/min;
the included angle between the E2 gas conveying pipeline and the opposite surface B is 0-90 degrees, the distance between the lowest point of the gas outlet end and the spot center point of the laser D2 is 1/3-1/2 of the laser D2 focal length, and the gas flow is more than or equal to 15L/min and less than or equal to 25L/min.
6. The laser quenching method for a guide rail according to claim 5, wherein:
in the step 1, the gas in the two gas conveying pipes E1 and E2 is dry air, nitrogen or inert gas.
7. The laser quenching method for a guide rail according to claim 6, wherein:
the guide rail is made of steel with the carbon content larger than 0.35, and the surface A to be quenched and the opposite surface B are both planes.
8. The laser quenching method for a guide rail according to claim 7, wherein:
in the step 1, the laser is a fiber laser or a semiconductor laser with adjustable light spot and wavelength of 800-1100 nm.
9. The laser quenching method for a guide rail according to claim 8, wherein:
in step 2, the quenching light spot A 1 Quenching light spot B 1 Is a rectangular light spot.
10. The laser quenching method for a guide rail according to claim 9, wherein:
in the step 2, an included angle between the E1 gas conveying pipeline and the surface A to be quenched is 20-70 degrees, and the gas in the E1 gas conveying pipeline is guaranteed to be correspondingly blown to a quenching position all the time in the machining process;
the included angle between the E2 gas conveying pipeline and the opposite surface B is 20-70 degrees, and the gas in the E2 gas conveying pipeline is guaranteed to be blown to the corresponding quenching position all the time in the machining process.
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