CN114886961A - 用于治疗/预防禽痛风的中药组合物及其制备方法、用途 - Google Patents
用于治疗/预防禽痛风的中药组合物及其制备方法、用途 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及中兽药技术领域,具体涉及一种用于治疗/预防禽痛风的中药组合物及其制备方法和用途。该中药组合物按重量份数计由以下原料组成:金钱草35~45份、黄柏24~31份、苍术18~25份、桂枝10~15份。本发明提供的中药组合物在治愈疾病的同时,可提升机体免疫功能,并改善生长状态;本发明的中药组合物可抑制尿酸过量生成,促进尿酸***,调节机体电解质平衡,防止继发感染,增加机体的抗病能力。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及中兽药技术领域,具体而言,涉及一种用于治疗/预防禽痛风的中药组合物及其制备方法、用途。
背景技术
禽痛风是由于嘌呤代谢障碍,体内尿酸产生过多、***障碍而导致血液中尿酸蓄积过量,进而引起尿酸盐在体内沉积的一种营养代谢障碍性疾病。由于禽类体内没有尿素合成酶且肝脏内没有精氨酸酶,核酸或嘌呤不能经鸟氨酸循环将氨合成尿素。摄入至体内的核酸、嘌呤类化合物分解代谢产生次黄嘌呤和黄嘌呤,在黄嘌呤氧化酶的作用下,由次黄嘌呤转化为黄嘌呤,黄嘌呤氧化为尿酸。尿酸生成后大部分经肾脏排出,其余由肠道排出。当各种原因使核酸及嘌呤类物质代谢障碍时,血中尿酸浓度升高,尿酸则在体内沉积,尿酸难溶于水,极易形成尿酸盐,进而造成在肾小管、内脏和关节腔的沉积。肾脏是禽类***尿酸的重要器官,肾脏损伤会导致肾脏功能的损伤,一方面进一步造成血液尿酸清除率下降,引起血尿酸浓度升高,另一方面严重影响尿酸的***,造成在体内蓄积,引发痛风。
禽痛风主要表现为高尿酸血症、痛风性关节炎、尿酸盐沉积和关节畸形等症状,以病禽消瘦、衰弱、关节肿大、运动障碍和腹泻为特征。临床上可见食欲明显下降或废绝,精神萎靡,闭眼发呆;冠髯苍白、松弛、饮水量显著增多,羽毛蓬乱无光泽、脱毛,***附近羽毛粘有白色粪便,***白色稀粪。蛋鸡产蛋量下降,甚至停产。剖检时,在胸、腹腔、和心脏等内脏浆膜面上可见白色尿酸盐沉积。肾肿大,色淡,有部分出血,表面呈“花斑状”,切面可见白色尿酸盐小点,输尿管扩张,管腔内含有石灰样沉淀物。根据发病病因及临床症状可分为内脏型痛风和关节型痛风两类,有时两型可同时存在。临床上常见并给养殖生产造成严重经济损失的主要是内脏型痛风,该病季节性不明显,发病日龄段不明显,发病原因复杂,鸡、鹅和鸽等禽类均可发生。其中鸡以内脏型痛风为主,鹅的痛风大多为内脏痛风合并关节痛风。引起家禽痛风的病因高达20余种,主要包括营养代谢性因素、传染性因素、中毒性因素及饲养管理因素等。禽痛风是我国较常见的禽病之一,发病率和死亡率均较高,发病率在15%~50%,最高可达80%以上;死亡率在10%以上,有时死亡率可高达30%~50%,给养殖业带来巨大的经济损失。近年来在规模化饲养的鸡群此病的发生有增多的趋势。
当前,由于禽痛风病发病原因复杂,因此目前尚无良好的治疗方法。临床上场采取的药物治疗措施主要以(1)抑制黄嘌呤氧化酶活性进而抑制尿酸生成的别嘌呤醇、非布司他;(2)促进尿酸***的苯溴马隆,丙磺舒;(3)采取化学药品如可与尿酸盐结合形成可溶性盐通过肾脏排出体外的乌洛托品、使尿液酸化的氯化铵、可缓解临床症状的秋水仙碱等。但长期使用这些药物副作用极大,不仅会导致家禽免疫功能降低、具有严重的肝肾毒性、引起肠道出血等毒素作用,同时造成了药物残留、降低了家禽的产品品质和安全性。使用别嘌呤醇等药物的用药成本极高,同时由于体内合成的氨不能有效转化为尿酸,还会引起新的不良后果。
使用中兽药治疗痛风有着大量的临床应用,现有技术的中兽药方剂虽具有一定的疗效,但仍存在着药物成本极高;方剂配方复杂,不适宜规模化生产;产品以粉散剂为主,对于家禽消化道生理特征及发病时采食量显著下降的症状来讲并不适合,使用后不仅吸收较少,而且治疗效果较差。有一些防治禽痛风病的中药组合物,不但治疗效果不理想,而且对鹅等水禽的作用效果不明确。
因此,利用我国丰富的中药材资源,通过对传统中医学及中兽医学理论进行研究,提供一种科学配伍、成分简单、疗效确切、无副作用、无耐药性、无药物残留、安全、高效、环保的治疗/预防禽痛风的中药组合物迫在眉睫,也具有十分重要的生产实践意义。
发明内容
为解决现有技术的不足,本发明提供了一种用于治疗/预防禽痛风的中药组合物,不仅可以弥补现有治疗药物的药物残留多、毒副作用大等不足之处,同时兼有成本低廉、适宜家禽生理结构、适宜工厂规模化生产的特点,还具有较佳的治疗效果。
本发明提供的具体技术方案如下:
本发明第一个目的是提供一种用于治疗/预防禽痛风的中药组合物,其按重量份数计由以下原料组成:金钱草35~45份、黄柏24~31份、苍术18~25份、桂枝10~15份。
优选地,其按重量份数计由以下原料组成:金钱草36~42份、黄柏25~29份、苍术20~24份、桂枝11~15份。
优选地,其按重量份数计由以下原料组成:金钱草38份、黄柏27份、苍术22份、桂枝13份。
本发明另一目的是提供一种所述中药组合物的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
按重量份数称取金钱草、黄柏、苍术及桂枝,混合,以水和/或醇为提取溶剂进行提取,提取液浓缩,即得。
优选地,所述提取是在功率为35kHz~45kHz、70℃~90℃超声提取1~3次,每次0.5h~1.0h;
提取前所述药材混合物按质量比1kg∶5~8L加入水浸泡1.0h~2.0h,所述药材混合物在加水浸泡前粉碎至粒径为300μm~450μm;浸泡后补足水至药材总重的7~9倍;
所述浓缩是在-0.06Mpa~-0.15Mpa、65℃~80℃下将提取液浓缩至药材总重的1.2~1.5倍;
所述提取液浓缩后在2℃~8℃下静置12h~18h,在8000rpm~10000rpm离心处理,所得离心上清液调pH至6.5~7.5,过滤,收集滤液。
本发明另一目的是提供一种所述中药组合物在制备治疗/或预防禽痛风药物中的用途。
本发明另一目的是提供一种用于治疗/预防禽痛风的药物,其包括所述中药组合物,以及药学上可接受的辅料或载体。
本发明另一目的是提供一种用于治疗/预防禽痛风的口服液,其按重量份数计由50~80份所述中药组合物及20~50份辅料制成。
本发明另一目的是提供一种用于治疗/预防禽痛风的复合饲料,其按重量份数计由50~80份所述中药组合物及20~50份饲料制成。
本发明另一目的是提供一种用于治疗/预防禽痛风的饲料添加剂,其按重量份数计由50~80份所述中药组合物及20~50份辅料制成。
与现有技术相比,本发明的有益效果为:
(1)本发明在中医、中兽医理论的基础上进行组方,选择以清泄湿热、破积化瘀、利水通淋(利水燥湿、排石通淋),健脾养胃为治则,组方中药材组方的选择及用量均经过***的药理学与药效学研究,科学合理,对于治疗禽痛风具有显著的功效,与现有技术仅针对禽痛风的临床症状进行治疗不同,通过对证进行治疗,祛除病因,达到彻底治愈疾病。
(2)本发明的中药组合物为纯中药提取制剂,不含化药及抗生素,无毒,无药物残留,绿色环保。
(3)本发明所应用的原料均为市场上常见的药材,价廉易得,成本低,适合临床推广使用。
(4)本发明的中药组合物在治愈疾病的同时,可提升机体免疫功能,并改善生长状态;本发明的中药组合物可抑制尿酸过量生成,促进尿酸***,调节机体电解质平衡,防止继发感染,增加机体的抗病能力。
(5)本发明的中药组合物制备方法中采用药材提前粉碎、过筛、浸泡等过程,有效去除杂质,增加药材的比表面积,显著的增加药效物质溶出度,同时采用超声提取技术进行提取,显著的增加了药物提取液的生物活性,并且工艺简便,节能、高效、省时、生产周期短,极大的降低了生产成本。
(6)本发明的中药组合物用于制备治疗/预防禽痛风的药物、饲料或者饲料添加剂,治疗禽痛风的效果优异。
具体实施方式
下面将结合实施例对本发明的实施方案进行详细描述,但是本领域技术人员将会理解,下列实施例仅用于说明本发明,而不应视为限制本发明的范围。实施例中未注明具体条件者,按照常规条件或制造商建议的条件进行。所用试剂或仪器未注明生产厂商者,均为可以通过市购获得的常规产品。
本发明涉及一种用于治疗/预防禽痛风的中药组合物,由以下重量份数的原料制成:金钱草35~45份、黄柏24~31份、苍术18~25份和桂枝10~15份。
金钱草,性微寒、味甘咸,归肝、胆、肾、膀胱经。具有清热利湿、通淋、清肝胆湿热、清热解毒之功效,主治热淋、石淋、肝胆结石、黄疸、热毒痈肿等。主要成分是山奈素、槲皮素等黄酮类、酚类、鞣质、挥发油、氨基酸、胆碱、固醇、内酯类等,具有利胆排石、利尿排石、促进胆汁分泌和***、抗炎、抗菌等药理作用。
黄柏,性寒、味苦,归肾、膀胱、大肠经。具有清热燥湿、泻火解毒、清退虚热之功效,主治泻痢、黄疸、带下、热淋、疮疡肿毒、湿疹、阴虚发热等。主要成分是小檗碱、黄柏碱、木兰花碱、掌叶防己碱、药根碱、异黄柏苷,以及黄柏内脂、黄柏酮等,具有抗菌、降压、肌肉松弛、降血糖、抗炎、抗心律失常、抗胃溃疡、抗血小板聚集、抗缺氧、抗氧化等药理作用。
苍术,性温、味辛苦,归脾、胃经。具有燥湿健脾、祛风湿之功效,主治湿阻中焦证、泄泻、风寒夹湿表证、湿痹、痿躄下焦湿热证。主要成分是茅苍术挥发油、茅术醇、β-桉叶醇、苍术酮、菊糖等,具有保肝、镇静、抗肿瘤、抗菌、降血糖、利尿等药理作用。
桂枝,性温、味辛甘,归心、肺、膀胱经。具有发汗解表、温经通阳之功效,主治风寒表虚证、风寒表实证、风寒湿痹证、水肿及小便不利证。主要成分是桂皮油、桂皮醛等,具有解热发汗、镇静抗惊厥、镇痛、扩张血管、改善血液循环、抗病原体、利尿、健胃、强心等药理作用。
痛风,在中医理论中也称“白虎历节”,属于湿热痹证范畴,为风湿热痹之证。主要原因为风、湿、热、邪侵袭机体。脏腑不和、素禀失调,导致气滞气虚。气机不畅,升降异常,水液代谢紊乱,湿邪之气留而不去,气血凝滞不宣,蓄久化热,注于关节,导致气血闭塞,血脉不畅。而湿性重浊粘滞,易于阻碍气机。根据中兽医理论进行辩证,禽痛风成因为肝胆郁结和膀胱湿热,类于砂石淋、热淋。湿热瘀阻,脾失健运。外邪侵袭,内外合病。湿热蕴结于下焦,伤及膀胱,膀胱气化失职,以致排尿淋漓,形成热淋,湿热流聚膀胱日久,热灼尿液,尿中杂质凝结成块,如砂如石,积于膀胱尿道,影响尿液排出。
本发明根据中医、中兽医理论辩证后,确定采取清泄湿热、破积化瘀、利水通淋(利水燥湿、排石通淋),健脾养胃为治则。方中金钱草作为君药,清热利湿,通淋,能清肝胆湿热,是治疗热淋或石淋之要药;黄柏为臣药,苦寒质燥,性主沉降,清热燥湿作用尤长于治下焦湿热证,可用于湿热黄疸、湿热泻痢、湿热下注、湿热足痿、足膝肿痛及湿痹,苦寒迅利,疏肝脾而泄湿热,清膀胱而排瘀浊,最泻肝肾脾胃之阳;苍术亦为臣药,芳香性燥,可燥湿健脾,用于脾为湿困、湿阻中焦、脾失健运、湿热下注与苦寒之黄柏相配以清热燥湿,效果更加显著;桂枝为佐药,可温阳化饮,化气利水,平冲降逆。利肺气,开腠理,有利于三焦膀胱之气化,气行津开而促进津液输布,气行则水自行。
下面将结合具体的实施例和对比例对本发明作进一步地解释说明。
实施例1
一种治疗/预防禽痛风的中药组合物,由金钱草、黄柏、苍术和桂枝制成,按其重量份计算:金钱草36份、黄柏30份、苍术20份、桂枝12份。
该中药组合物的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
将上述4味药材分别去杂,称重,粉碎成粒径为400μm的粗粉,合并后加入6倍重量的纯化水,浸泡1.5h;将浸泡过后的药材及浸泡液加纯化水至药材重量的8倍,进行超声波提取,超声波提取的频率为35kHz,温度为80℃,提取2次,每次45min;合并2次的药材提取液,在75℃、-0.09Mpa真空度条件下,对药液进行浓缩,药液浓缩至原药材量的1.3倍后,将药液滤出,将药材提取液于2~8℃冷库中静置15h;取出冷库中静置15h的药材提取液,以9000rpm进行在线高速离心,离心至沉淀与上清液呈明显分层状态,离心后再次滤过药液;将离心液的pH值范围调节至7.2后,使用0.22μm微孔滤膜进行滤过,收集滤过液,加入辅料进行配制,配制后进行灌装,灭菌,即得成品。
该中药组合物加入辅料后可以进一步制备成治疗/预防禽痛风的药物或饲料添加剂,也可以与普通饲料混合制备成复合饲料。中药组合物与辅料或普通饲料的质量比为50~80∶20~50。
其中,药物的剂型可以为口服液、颗粒剂、超微粉、片剂或丸剂。不同剂型的药物选择本领域常规的辅料,如药物为口服液时,辅料包括抗氧化剂、pH调节剂、防腐剂中至少两种,抗氧化剂可以选用亚硫酸钠、焦亚硫酸钠、硫代硫酸钠、EDTA-Na2中的一种或几种,pH调节剂可以选用盐酸、磷酸及磷酸盐类、柠檬酸及柠檬酸盐、乳酸、NaOH中的一种或几种,防腐剂可以选用苯甲酸、苯甲酸钠、对羟基苯甲酸酯类、山梨酸、山梨酸钾中的一种或几种。
将中药组合物与辅料混合制备成饲料添加剂时,辅料可以选择防腐剂和稀释剂,辅料选择山梨酸钾、尼泊金甲酯或尼泊金乙酯中的至少一种。
实施例2
一种治疗/预防禽痛风的中药组合物,由金钱草、黄柏、苍术和桂枝制成,按其重量份计算:金钱草38份、黄柏27份、苍术22份、桂枝13份。
该中药组合物的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
将上述4味药材分别去杂,称重,粉碎制成粒径为400μm的粗粉,合并后加入6倍重量的纯化水,浸泡1.5h;将浸泡过后的药材及浸泡液加纯化水至药材重量的8倍,进行超声波提取,超声波提取的频率为35kHz,温度为80℃,提取2次,每次45min;合并2次的药材提取液,在75℃、-0.09Mpa真空度条件下,对药液进行浓缩,药液浓缩至原药材量的1.3倍后,将药液滤出,将药材提取液于2~8℃冷库中静置15h;取出冷库中静置15h的药材提取液,以9000rpm进行在线高速离心,离心后再次滤过药液;将离心液的pH值范围调节至7.2后,使用0.22μm微孔滤膜进行滤过,收集滤过液,加入辅料进行配制,配制后进行灌装,灭菌,即得成品。
实施例3
一种治疗/预防禽痛风的中药组合物,由金钱草、黄柏、苍术和桂枝制成,按其重量份计算:金钱草40份、黄柏25份、苍术20份、桂枝10份。
该中药组合物的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
将上述4味药材分别去杂,称重,粉碎制成粒径为400μm的粗粉,合并后加入6倍重量的纯化水,浸泡1.5h;将浸泡过后的药材及浸泡液加纯化水至药材重量的8倍,进行超声波提取,超声波提取的频率为35kHz,温度为80℃,提取2次,每次45min;合并2次的药材提取液,在75℃,-0.09Mpa真空度条件下,对药液进行浓缩,药液浓缩至原药材量的1.3倍后,将药液滤出,将药材提取液于2~8℃冷库中静置15h;取出冷库中静置15h的药材提取液,以9000rpm进行在线高速离心,离心后再次滤过药液;将离心液的pH值范围调节至7.2后,使用0.22μm微孔滤膜进行滤过,收集滤过液,加入辅料进行配制,配制后进行灌装,灭菌,即得成品。
实施例4
一种治疗/预防禽痛风的中药组合物,由金钱草、黄柏、苍术和桂枝制成,按其重量份计算:金钱草45份、黄柏24份、苍术25份、桂枝15份。
该中药组合物的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
将上述4味药材分别去杂,称重,粉碎制成粒径为400μm的粗粉,合并后加入6倍重量的纯化水,浸泡1.5h;将浸泡过后的药材及浸泡液加纯化水至药材重量的8倍,进行超声波提取,超声波提取的频率为35kHz,温度为80℃,提取2次,每次45min;合并2次的药材提取液,在75℃,-0.09Mpa真空度条件下,对药液进行浓缩,药液浓缩至原药材量的1.3倍后,将药液滤出,将药材提取液于2~8℃冷库中静置15h;取出冷库中静置15h的药材提取液,以9000rpm进行在线高速离心,离心后再次滤过药液;将离心液的pH值范围调节至7.2后,使用0.22μm微孔滤膜进行滤过,收集滤过液,加入辅料进行配制,配制后进行灌装,灭菌,即得成品。
实施例5
一种治疗/预防禽痛风的中药组合物,由金钱草、黄柏、苍术和桂枝制成,按其重量份计算:金钱草40份、黄柏25份、苍术25份、桂枝10份。
该中药组合物的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
将上述4味药材分别去杂,称重,粉碎制成粒径为400μm的粗粉,合并后加入6倍重量的纯化水,浸泡1.5h;将浸泡过后的药材及浸泡液加纯化水至药材重量的8倍,进行超声波提取,超声波提取的频率为35kHz,温度为80℃,提取2次,每次45min;合并2次的药材提取液,在75℃,-0.09Mpa真空度条件下,对药液进行浓缩,药液浓缩至原药材量的1.3倍后,将药液滤出,将药材提取液于2~8℃冷库中静置15h;取出冷库中静置15h的药材提取液,以9000rpm进行在线高速离心,离心后再次滤过药液;将离心液的pH值范围调节至7.2后,使用0.22μm微孔滤膜进行滤过,收集滤过液,加入辅料进行配制,配制后进行灌装,灭菌,即得成品。
实施例6
一种治疗/预防禽痛风的中药组合物,与实施例1的区别在于制备方法不同,具体为:
将4味药材分别去杂,称重,粉碎制成粒径为300μm的粗粉,合并后加入8倍重量的纯化水,浸泡1.0h;将浸泡过后的药材及浸泡液加纯化水至药材重量的9倍,进行超声波提取,超声波提取的频率为45kHz,温度为70℃,提取3次,每次30min;合并3次的药材提取液,在80℃,-0.06Mpa真空度条件下,对药液进行浓缩,药液浓缩至原药材量的1.3倍后,将药液滤出,将药材提取液于2~8℃冷库中静置18h;取出冷库中静置18h的药材提取液,以8000rpm进行在线高速离心,离心后再次滤过药液;将离心液的pH值范围调节至6.5后,使用0.45μm微孔滤膜进行滤过,收集滤过液,加入辅料进行配制,配制后进行灌装,灭菌,即得成品。
实施例7
一种治疗/预防禽痛风的中药组合物,与实施例1的区别在于制备方法不同,具体为:
将4味药材分别去杂,称重,粉碎制成粒径为450μm的粗粉,合并后加入5倍重量的纯化水,浸泡2.0h;将浸泡过后的药材及浸泡液加纯化水至药材重量的7倍,进行超声波提取,超声波提取的频率为45kHz,温度为90℃,提取60min,收集提取液,在65℃,-0.15Mpa真空度条件下,对药液进行浓缩,药液浓缩至原药材量的1.5倍后,将药液滤出,将药材提取液于2~8℃冷库中静置12h;取出冷库中静置12h的药材提取液,以10000rpm进行在线高速离心,离心后再次滤过药液;将离心液的pH值范围调节至7.5后,使用0.45μm微孔滤膜进行滤过,收集滤过液,加入辅料进行配制,配制后进行灌装,灭菌,即得成品。
对比例1
一种治疗/预防禽痛风的中药组合物,由金钱草、黄柏、苍术和桂枝制成,按其重量份计算:金钱草33份、黄柏33份、苍术30份、桂枝20份。
该中药组合物的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
将上述4味药材分别去杂,称重,粉碎制成粒径为400μm的粗粉,合并后加入6倍重量的纯化水,浸泡1.5h;将浸泡过后的药材及浸泡液加纯化水至药材重量的8倍,进行超声波提取,超声波提取的频率为35kHz,温度为80℃,提取2次,每次45min;合并2次的药材提取液,在75℃,-0.09Mpa真空度条件下,对药液进行浓缩,药液浓缩至原药材量的1.3倍后,将药液滤出,将药材提取液于2~8℃冷库中静置15h;取出冷库中静置15h的药材提取液,以9000rpm进行在线高速离心,离心后再次滤过药液;将离心液的pH值范围调节至7.2后,使用0.22μm微孔滤膜进行滤过,收集滤过液,加入辅料进行配制,配制后进行灌装,灭菌,即得成品。
对比例2
五苓散(药典方):由茯苓100g、泽泻200g、猪苓100g、肉桂50g、白术(炒)100g,五味药材制成,经粉碎,过筛,混匀,即得。用量为每1kg饲料,鸡2g。
对比例3
八正散(药典方):由关木通30g、瞿麦30g、萹蓄30g、车前子30g、滑石60g、甘草25g、栀子(炒)30g、大黄(酒制)30g、灯心草15g,九味药材制成,经粉碎,过筛,混匀,即得。用量为每1kg饲料,鸡5g。
对比例4
根据2013年中国农业出版社出版的《兽医处方手册》(第3版)中针对禽痛风的处方及使用方法,取泽泻50g、茯苓50g、车前子30g、萹蓄20g、滑石20g、海金沙20g、大黄10g、甘草梢10g、瞿麦10g、栀子10g、牛膝10g。煎汤服用,200羽鸡用量,药渣研末拌料喂服,隔日1剂,连用3剂。
对比例5
根据2006年中国农业出版社出版的《中兽医学》中针对禽痛风病的处方及使用方法,取木通、车前子、瞿麦、萹蓄、栀子、大黄各500g,滑石、甘草各200g,金钱草、海金沙各400g。用法为:共研细末,混于150kg饲料中,1000只鸡2天喂完。
对比例6
一种治疗/预防禽痛风的中药组合物,由金钱草、苍术和桂枝制成,按其重量份计算:金钱草36份、苍术20份、桂枝12份。
制备方法同实施例1。
对比例7
一种治疗/预防禽痛风的中药组合物,由车前子、苍术和桂枝制成,按其重量份计算:车前子36份、苍术20份、桂枝12份。
制备方法同实施例1。
对比例8
一种治疗/预防禽痛风的中药组合物,由木通、黄柏、苍术和桂枝制成,按其重量份计算:木通36份、黄柏30份、苍术20份、桂枝12份。
实验1:
禽痛风实验室试验
60日龄海蓝褐蛋鸡1700只,按照蛋鸡常规免疫程序进行免疫,饲喂高蛋白、高钙饲料(蛋白质含量≥28%,钙含量≥6%)制备鸡痛风模型,每日限制饮水,连续饲喂10天。待试验鸡出现精神萎靡,食欲减退,饮欲急剧增加,粪便稀薄色白,剖检脏器表面有尿酸盐沉积物,肾脏肿大出血、色苍白,表面及实质出现雪花状花纹,输尿管肿胀,血尿酸含量超过480μmol/L等典型痛风病症后,更换正常饲料进行饲喂,并开始用药。
将试验鸡随机分为模型组、别嘌呤醇组、实施例1~7组、对比例1~8组,每组100只试验鸡;另取100只同日龄的健康鸡作为正常组,全程饲喂正常饲料。具体分组及给药情况见表1。
表1实验分组及给药情况
试验结果如表2所示。
表2禽痛风实验室临床试验结果
注:字母不同表示差异极显著(P<0.01);“-”无尿酸盐沉积;“+”尿酸盐沉积明显;“++”尿酸盐大量沉积。“+++”尿酸盐沉积严重。
从试验结果可以得知,实施例2与其他实施例及对比例相比较,对家禽增重效果最佳,且高于别嘌呤醇组;实施例2可极显著降低因饲喂造模饲料所导致的家禽肾脏肿胀情况,降低肾脏指数;实施例2可极显著降低血液中血尿酸含量,并可显著降低尿酸盐的沉积,同时可显著降低死亡率,且与正常组无显著性差异。与其他实施例相比较,实施例2的配比治疗效果最优,可极显著降低临床症状。与其他对比例相比较,实施例的配比范围效果更加,可有效治疗禽痛风,节约了大量的治疗费用,且效果更优。
实验2
2021年3月,山西省吕梁市文水县某一规模化养鸡场的20000只蛋鸡,饲养至120日龄时,发生精神萎顿,食欲减退,鸡冠苍白,羽毛蓬乱,严重消瘦,排出大量白色石灰样稀粪,出现死亡情况。临床剖检可见肾脏肿大,输尿管扩张,血尿酸含量≥480μmol/L,根据临床症状、剖检情况及实验室诊断,确诊为鸡痛风。选取1500只鸡,随机将发病鸡群分为3组,每组500只鸡。第1组为治疗组,使用本发明实施例2所制备的口服液进行饮水给药(以0.15%(v/v)剂量使用);第2组为对照组,使用别嘌呤醇组(以别嘌呤醇60mg/kg剂量至饲料中)进行治疗,第3组为空白组,不使用任何药物,7天后对比治疗效果。
表3各组临床试验结果
组别 | 尿酸盐沉积程度 | 血尿酸含量(μmol/L) | 死淘率 |
实施例2 | - | 341.73±29.53<sup>B</sup> | 5.8% |
别嘌呤醇组 | ++ | 398.56±31.25<sup>A</sup> | 11.2% |
空白对照组 | +++ | 587.95±45.82<sup>A</sup> | 26.8% |
注:字母不同表示差异极显著(P<0.01);“-”无尿酸盐沉积;“+”尿酸盐沉积明显;“++”尿酸盐大量沉积。“+++”尿酸盐沉积严重。
如表3中试验结果所示,实施例2组可极显著降低发病禽的血尿酸含量,并明显降低肾脏中尿酸盐的沉积程度,并且可大幅度的降低死淘率,显示实施例2有良好的治疗效果,且效果优于别嘌呤醇组。
实验3
2021年5月,山西省运城市稷山县某一养鸡场的8000只蛋鸡,饲养至90日龄时,发生精神萎顿,食欲减退,鸡冠苍白,羽毛蓬乱,严重消瘦,排出大量白色石灰样稀粪,出现死亡情况。临床剖检可见肾脏肿大,输尿管扩张,血尿酸含量≥480μmol/L,根据临床症状、剖检情况及实验室诊断,确诊为鸡痛风。选取1200只鸡,随机将发病鸡群分为4组,每组300只鸡。第1组为治疗组,使用本发明实施例2所制备的口服液进行饮水给药;第2组为对照组,使用对比实施例2(以2g/kg剂量至饲料中)进行治疗;第3组为对照组,使用对比实施例3(以5g/kg剂量至饲料中)进行治疗,第4组为空白组不使用任何药物,7天后对比治疗效果。
表4各组临床试验结果
组别 | 尿酸盐沉积程度 | 血尿酸含量(μmol/L) | 死淘率 |
实施例2 | - | 318.53±18.66<sup>C</sup> | 6.3% |
对比例2 | ++ | 442.25±27.18<sup>B</sup> | 20.7% |
对比例3 | ++ | 427.34±32.59<sup>B</sup> | 23.0% |
空白对照组 | +++ | 605.41±45.82<sup>A</sup> | 26.8% |
注:字母不同表示差异极显著(P<0.01);“-”无尿酸盐沉积;“+”尿酸盐沉积明显;“++”尿酸盐大量沉积。“+++”尿酸盐沉积严重。
如表4中试验结果所示,实施例2组可极显著降低发病禽的血尿酸含量,并明显降低肾脏中尿酸盐的沉积程度,并且可大幅度的降低死淘率,显示实施例2有良好的治疗效果,治疗效果显著优于对比例2、对比例3组。
最后应说明的是:以上各实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案,而非对其限制;尽管参照前述各实施例对本发明进行了详细的说明,但本领域的普通技术人员应当理解:其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改,或者对其中部分或者全部技术特征进行等同替换;而这些修改或者替换,并不使相应技术方案的本质脱离本发明各实施例技术方案的范围。
Claims (10)
1.一种用于治疗/预防禽痛风的中药组合物,其特征在于,其按重量份数计由以下原料组成:金钱草35~45份、黄柏24~31份、苍术18~25份、桂枝10~15份。
2.根据权利要求1所述的中药组合物,其特征在于,其按重量份数计由以下原料组成:金钱草36~42份、黄柏25~29份、苍术20~24份、桂枝11~15份。
3.根据权利要求1所述的中药组合物,其特征在于,其按重量份数计由以下原料组成:金钱草38份、黄柏27份、苍术22份、桂枝13份。
4.一种权利要求1~3任一项所述的中药组合物的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:按重量份数称取金钱草、黄柏、苍术及桂枝,混合,以水和/或醇为提取溶剂进行提取,提取液浓缩,即得。
5.根据权利要求4所述的中药组合物的制备方法,其特征在于,
所述提取是在功率为35kHz~45kHz、70℃~90℃超声提取1~3次,每次0.5h~1.0h;
提取前所述药材混合物按质量比1kg∶5~8L加入水浸泡1.0h~2.0h,所述药材混合物在加水浸泡前粉碎至粒径为300μm~450μm;浸泡后补足水至药材总重的7~9倍;
所述浓缩是在-0.06Mpa~-0.15Mpa、65℃~80℃下将提取液浓缩至药材总重的1.2~1.5倍;
所述提取液浓缩后在2℃~8℃下静置12h~18h,在8000rpm~10000rpm离心处理,所得离心上清液调pH至6.5~7.5,过滤,收集滤液。
6.一种权利要求1~3任一项所述的中药组合物在制备治疗/或预防禽痛风药物中的用途。
7.一种用于治疗/预防禽痛风的药物,其特征在于,其包括权利要求1~3任一项所述中药组合物,以及药学上可接受的辅料或载体。
8.一种用于治疗/预防禽痛风的口服液,其特征在于,其按重量份数计由50~80份权利要求1~3任一项所述中药组合物及20~50份辅料制成。
9.一种用于治疗/预防禽痛风的复合饲料,其特征在于,其按重量份数计由50~80份权利要求1~3任一项所述中药组合物及20~50份饲料制成。
10.一种用于治疗/预防禽痛风的饲料添加剂,其特征在于,其按重量份数计由50~80份权利要求1~3任一项所述中药组合物及20~50份辅料制成。
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