CN114883104A - Processing method for grain boundary diffusion of neodymium iron boron magnet - Google Patents
Processing method for grain boundary diffusion of neodymium iron boron magnet Download PDFInfo
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- 238000005324 grain boundary diffusion Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
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- 238000003672 processing method Methods 0.000 title claims description 9
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- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052684 Cerium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052779 Neodymium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052777 Praseodymium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052733 gallium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
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- KBQHZAAAGSGFKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N dysprosium atom Chemical compound [Dy] KBQHZAAAGSGFKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Images
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F41/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties
- H01F41/02—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties for manufacturing cores, coils, or magnets
- H01F41/0253—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties for manufacturing cores, coils, or magnets for manufacturing permanent magnets
- H01F41/0293—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties for manufacturing cores, coils, or magnets for manufacturing permanent magnets diffusion of rare earth elements, e.g. Tb, Dy or Ho, into permanent magnets
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F1/00—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties
- H01F1/01—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials
- H01F1/03—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity
- H01F1/032—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of hard-magnetic materials
- H01F1/04—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of hard-magnetic materials metals or alloys
- H01F1/047—Alloys characterised by their composition
- H01F1/053—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals
- H01F1/055—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5
- H01F1/057—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5 and IIIa elements, e.g. Nd2Fe14B
- H01F1/0571—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5 and IIIa elements, e.g. Nd2Fe14B in the form of particles, e.g. rapid quenched powders or ribbon flakes
- H01F1/0575—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5 and IIIa elements, e.g. Nd2Fe14B in the form of particles, e.g. rapid quenched powders or ribbon flakes pressed, sintered or bonded together
- H01F1/0577—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5 and IIIa elements, e.g. Nd2Fe14B in the form of particles, e.g. rapid quenched powders or ribbon flakes pressed, sintered or bonded together sintered
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/20—Recycling
Abstract
The invention provides a grain boundary diffusion treatment method suitable for a multi-element alloy diffuser, which relates to an attachment device of the multi-element alloy diffuser and an attachment and diffusion treatment process for optimizing matching, the method does not need to crush the multi-element alloy, and only needs to prepare the multi-element alloy into a block material to realize attachment of the diffuser, thereby avoiding the problems of oxidation and the like caused by the crushing and powdering process of the multi-element alloy, maintaining the excellent characteristics of each component of the multi-element alloy and ensuring the diffusion effect of heavy rare earth; the adhesion device of the multi-element alloy diffuser can flexibly control the thickness of the adhesion layer in the preprocessed magnet by combining the adhesion heat treatment process, and improves the consistency and the stability of the diffusion magnet. The method has the advantages of simple process, strong controllability, good repeatability and stability, and is more suitable for popularization and application of large-scale production.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of magnet diffusion treatment, relates to a neodymium iron boron magnet diffusion treatment method, and particularly relates to a neodymium iron boron magnet grain boundary diffusion treatment method.
Background
The sintered Nd-Fe-B magnet has become a core functional material in the fields of electric power, telecommunication, rail transit, new energy automobiles, biomedicine, household appliances and the like due to the excellent permanent magnetic property. The working environment of electromechanical equipment in the high and new technical field is complex, miniaturization, light weight and high precision of devices are pursued more, more rigorous requirements are provided for the temperature resistance of permanent magnet materials, the coercive force represents the capability of a magnet to resist an external reverse magnetic field or other demagnetization effects, the capability is an important parameter influencing the working temperature of the magnet, the practical application of the neodymium iron boron magnet is fundamentally determined, however, the actual value of the coercive force of the ternary neodymium iron boron magnet is less than 30% of the theoretical value, and the tolerable temperature is low. Therefore, a neodymium iron boron magnet having a higher coercive force is urgently required to meet the application thereof in the high-temperature and high-precision field.
The traditional means for improving the coercive force of the neodymium iron boron magnet mainly depends on the addition of a large amount of heavy rare earth elements such as dysprosium and terbium in the alloy smelting and double-alloy technological processes, although the methods can enable the heavy rare earth to partially replace light rare earth in a main phase to form crystal grains with higher magnetocrystalline anisotropy, the heavy rare earth can excessively enter the interior of the crystal grains of the magnet, so that severe magnetic dilution is caused, the residual magnetism and the magnetic energy product of the magnet are greatly reduced, the utilization rate of the heavy rare earth elements is low, the waste of scarce heavy rare earth resources is caused, and the cost of the raw materials of the magnet is high. The principle of the method is that a diffusant containing heavy rare earth elements is deposited on the surface of a neodymium iron boron magnet, the heavy rare earth elements are diffused into the magnet from the surface of the magnet along the grain boundary and mainly distributed on the grain boundary and the surface layer of grains without entering the inside of the grains through optimizing a heat treatment process, a shell layer with high magnetocrystalline anisotropy is formed on the surface layer of main phase grains, the magnetic hardening effect is achieved, and then the anti-magnetized domain nucleation is inhibited. At present, the diffusant of the grain boundary diffusion mainly comprises pure metal, oxide, fluoride, hydride and alloy, wherein the alloy diffusant can further greatly reduce the content proportion of heavy rare earth compared with other diffusants, and is cooperated with the action of other non-rare earth metal elements, so that the action efficiency of the heavy rare earth elements is improved, the diffusion action depth is expanded, and the high-quality utilization of the heavy rare earth elements is promoted. Because of the promotion effect of different kinds of elements on the diffusion effect of heavy rare earth, alloy diffusers have been developed from binary to ternary, quaternary, and even quinary and above.
At the present stage, in the laboratory research and development process of the multi-component alloy diffuser, a sheet paving adhesion diffusion mode is adopted, namely the designed multi-component alloy is finely processed into sheets which are paved on the upper end and the lower end of the magnet and subjected to diffusion heat treatment, and the treatment mode can ensure the characteristics of the multi-component alloy, so that the better performance improvement effect of the magnet is realized, but the diffusion magnet is extremely low in preparation efficiency, is not beneficial to the industrialization of the multi-component alloy diffusion, is limited by the quality consistency of alloy sheets, and has larger performance fluctuation of the magnets in batches. The conventional diffuser adhesion methods such as sputtering, vapor deposition, electrophoretic deposition and the like cannot meet the requirements of uniformity and stability of the multi-element diffuser, and the established characteristics of the multi-element alloy of the diffuser are difficult to maintain in the adhesion process, so that the diffusion effect is greatly reduced; in the process of crushing a multi-component alloy ingot into powder or preparing coating slurry by a powder coating method (an immersion method) which is generally suitable for industrialization, the process flow is complicated, the consistency of the diffusion products in batches is poor, and due to the fine granularity requirement of the rare earth alloy powder, the oxidation of alloy components is easily caused, the low melting point and high wettability of the multi-component alloy diffuser are damaged, the rare earth elements are wasted, and the diffusion effect is deteriorated.
Therefore, how to find a grain boundary diffusion treatment method suitable for a multi-element alloy diffuser, ensure the heavy rare earth diffusion effect, improve the magnet diffusion efficiency, have important significance for the development of sintered neodymium iron boron permanent magnet materials and the industry thereof, and are one of the problems to be solved by a plurality of prospective researchers in the industry.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a method for processing grain boundary diffusion of a neodymium iron boron magnet, and the processing method provided by the present invention, the related attachment device for a multi-component alloy diffuser, and the optimized and matched attachment and diffusion processing processes simplify the attachment process flow of the diffuser on the premise of ensuring the excellent diffusion effect of the multi-component alloy, and the process is simple, and can realize efficient preparation of the diffusion magnet, and meet the requirement of better consistency and stability of the magnetic performance of the magnet.
The invention provides a diffusion treatment method of a neodymium iron boron magnet, which comprises the following steps:
1) attaching and fixing the multi-element alloy diffusion material block and the neodymium iron boron magnet to be treated on a multi-element alloy diffusion material attaching device, and performing attaching heat treatment to obtain a pretreated magnet;
2) and (4) performing diffusion heat treatment on the pretreated magnet obtained in the step to obtain a neodymium iron boron magnet subjected to diffusion treatment.
Preferably, the thickness of the multi-element alloy diffusion object block is 2-5 mm;
the neodymium iron boron magnet to be processed comprises a plurality of neodymium iron boron magnets to be processed;
the area of the surface of the multi-element alloy diffusion material block, which is attached to the neodymium iron boron magnet to be treated, is larger than that of the surface of the neodymium iron boron magnet to be treated;
the diffusion treatment includes a grain boundary diffusion treatment.
Preferably, the area of the surface, which is attached to the neodymium iron boron magnet to be treated, of the multi-element alloy diffusion object block is 1.5-3 times that of the surface, which is attached to the neodymium iron boron magnet to be treated;
the multi-element alloy diffusion substance adhering device is used for closely adhering and fixing the multi-element alloy diffusion substance block and the neodymium iron boron magnet to be treated;
the multi-element alloy diffusion block can be used for the diffusion treatment process of the neodymium iron boron magnet for multiple times;
the thickness of the neodymium iron boron magnet to be processed in the diffusion direction is 1-8 mm.
Preferably, the multi-element alloy diffuser attachment device comprises a supporting structure, a multi-element alloy diffuser clamping groove structure, a spring structure and a positioning and locking structure;
the multi-element alloy diffuser clamping groove structure is connected with the supporting structure through a spring structure;
the periphery of the supporting structure is provided with a positioning and locking structure;
the supporting structure comprises an upper substrate and a lower substrate;
the alloy diffuser clamping groove structure comprises a tray with clamping grooves arranged on the periphery;
the area of the tray is matched with the area of the surface of the multi-element alloy diffusion block material, which is attached to the neodymium iron boron magnet to be processed.
Preferably, one end of the spring structure is fixed on the supporting structure, and the other end of the spring structure is fixed on the multi-element alloy diffuser clamping groove structure;
the number of the alloy diffuser clamping groove structures is more than or equal to 2;
the spring structure comprises at least 2 groups of spring brackets;
the number of the 1 group of spring supports is more than or equal to 2;
one of the alloy diffuser clamping groove structures is arranged on the upper substrate through a spring support, and the other alloy diffuser clamping groove structure is arranged on the corresponding position of the lower substrate through a spring support;
when the upper substrate and the lower substrate are fixed, 2 alloy diffuser clamping groove structures are provided with corresponding positions up and down;
the positioning and locking structure comprises a through hole for bolt fixing and/or a buckle structure for locking.
Preferably, the step 1) is specifically:
a) processing and surface treating the neodymium iron boron magnet to obtain a magnet to be treated;
processing the multi-element alloy diffusion object block into a size which is suitable for a tray of a diffusion object clamping groove in a multi-element alloy diffusion object attaching device, then carrying out surface cleaning to obtain a multi-element alloy diffusion object block, and fixing the multi-element alloy diffusion object block in the diffusion object clamping groove;
b) placing the magnet to be processed obtained in the step into a multi-element alloy diffuser attachment device, wherein the magnet to be processed is positioned between a diffuser clamping groove provided with multi-element alloy diffuser blocks on an upper substrate and a diffuser clamping groove provided with multi-element alloy diffuser blocks on a lower substrate, is attached to the surfaces of upper and lower multi-element alloy diffuser blocks, and is fixed and clamped through a positioning and locking structure;
c) and (3) integrally moving the multi-element alloy diffusion material attaching device provided with the magnet to be treated obtained in the step (a) to a vacuum heat treatment furnace, and performing attaching heat treatment to obtain the pretreated magnet completing the attachment of the diffusion material.
Preferably, the degree of vacuum of the adhesion heat treatment is 10 or less -3 Pa；
The temperature of the adhesion heat treatment is 520-750 ℃;
the time of the adhesion heat treatment is 0.5-2 h;
the cooling mode after the adhesion heat treatment comprises rapid cooling;
the rapid cooling rate is 20-35 ℃/min.
Preferably, the degree of vacuum of the diffusion heat treatment is 10 or less -3 Pa；
The temperature of the diffusion heat treatment is 850-950 ℃;
the time of the diffusion heat treatment is 4-8 h;
the cooling mode after the diffusion heat treatment comprises rapid cooling;
the rapid cooling rate is 15-25 ℃/min.
Preferably, the diffusion heat treatment further comprises a tempering heat treatment step;
the vacuum degree of the tempering heat treatment is less than or equal to 10 -3 Pa；
The tempering heat treatment temperature is 480-520 ℃;
the tempering heat treatment time is 4-10 h;
the cooling mode after the tempering heat treatment comprises rapid cooling;
the rapid cooling rate is 15-25 ℃/min.
Preferably, the multi-alloy diffuser has the following general formula:
H 100-x-y R x M y ；
wherein H comprises one or more of Tb, Dy and Ho;
r comprises one or more of Pr, Nd, Y, Ce and La;
m comprises one or more of Fe, Cu, Al, Ga, Zn, Mg and Mn;
x is 0-70, y is 0-30, and x and y are not 0 at the same time.
The invention provides a diffusion treatment method of a neodymium iron boron magnet, which comprises the following steps of firstly, attaching and fixing a multi-element alloy diffusion object block material and the neodymium iron boron magnet to be treated on a multi-element alloy diffusion object attachment device, and performing attachment heat treatment to obtain a pretreated magnet; and then carrying out diffusion heat treatment on the pretreated magnet obtained in the step to obtain a neodymium iron boron magnet subjected to diffusion treatment. Compared with the prior art, the invention creatively designs a grain boundary diffusion treatment method suitable for the multi-element alloy diffuser, wherein the method relates to an attachment device of the multi-element alloy diffuser and an attachment and diffusion treatment process for optimizing matching, the method does not need to crush the multi-element alloy, the attachment of the diffuser can be realized only by preparing the multi-element alloy into a block material, the problems of oxidation and the like caused in the process of crushing and pulverizing the multi-element alloy are avoided, the excellent characteristics of each component of the multi-element alloy are maintained, and the diffusion effect of heavy rare earth is ensured; the attaching device for the multi-element alloy diffuser adopts the regional spring structure, so that the problem of insufficient contact between the diffuser and the magnet due to the size error of the magnet to be treated in the batch diffusion process can be effectively solved, and the attaching treatment quality and efficiency of the diffuser are improved; the multi-component alloy diffusion substance block can be repeatedly utilized for multiple times, and only simple surface treatment needs to be carried out on the multi-component alloy diffusion substance block before each adhesion treatment, so that the utilization rate of the diffusion substance is improved, the production cost is reduced, and based on the design of an adhesion device, the diffusion substance block is simple to replace and high in operation freedom; the adhesion device of the multi-element alloy diffuser can flexibly control the thickness of an adhesion layer in a preprocessed magnet (a magnet for finishing diffuser adhesion) by combining an adhesion heat treatment process, and improves the consistency and stability of the diffuser magnet; the low-temperature adhesion heat treatment adopted by the invention is easy to separate the diffusion substance from the magnet after the adhesion treatment, and the multi-element alloy is not easy to deform due to larger viscosity at low temperature; the method is suitable for preparing the multi-element alloy diffuser diffusion treatment magnet in batches, has simple process, strong controllability, better repeatability and stability, and is more suitable for popularization and application of large-scale production.
Experimental results show that the NdFeB grain boundary diffusion treatment method is more suitable for grain boundary diffusion treatment of multi-element alloy diffusers, ensures the excellent characteristics of the multi-element alloys, greatly improves the performance of the diffused magnets, and has better consistency and stability.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic assembly view of a multi-alloy diffuser attachment apparatus according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of an adhesion treatment cloth of the multi-component alloy diffuser adhesion device provided by the present invention;
fig. 3 is a back scattering diagram of the surface layer cross section of the pre-processed magnet after the adhesion processing process is completed in example 1 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
For a further understanding of the invention, preferred embodiments of the invention are described below in conjunction with the examples, but it should be understood that these descriptions are included merely to further illustrate the features and advantages of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention to the claims.
All of the starting materials of the present invention, without particular limitation as to their source, may be purchased commercially or prepared according to conventional methods well known to those skilled in the art.
All the raw materials of the invention have no particular limitation on the purity, and the invention preferably adopts the purity which is conventional in the field of analytical purification or neodymium iron boron magnet diffusion treatment.
All the raw materials of the invention, the sources and abbreviations thereof belong to conventional sources and abbreviations in the art and are well defined in the field of their related uses, and those skilled in the art can purchase the raw materials commercially or prepare the raw materials by conventional methods according to the abbreviations and the corresponding uses.
The invention provides a diffusion treatment method of a neodymium iron boron magnet, which comprises the following steps:
1) attaching and fixing the multi-element alloy diffusion material block and the neodymium iron boron magnet to be treated on a multi-element alloy diffusion material attaching device, and performing attaching heat treatment to obtain a pretreated magnet;
2) and (4) performing diffusion heat treatment on the pretreated magnet obtained in the step to obtain a neodymium iron boron magnet subjected to diffusion treatment.
Firstly, the multi-element alloy diffusion material block and the neodymium iron boron magnet to be treated are attached and fixed on a multi-element alloy diffusion material attaching device, and after attaching heat treatment, the magnet to be pretreated is obtained.
In the invention, the thickness of the multi-element alloy diffusion object block is preferably 2-5 mm, more preferably 2.5-4.5 mm, and more preferably 3-4 mm.
In the present invention, the ndfeb magnet to be treated preferably includes a plurality of ndfeb magnets to be treated.
In the invention, the area of the surface of the multi-element alloy diffusion material block, which is attached to the neodymium iron boron magnet to be treated, is preferably larger than the area of the surface of the neodymium iron boron magnet to be treated.
The invention further carries out diffusion heat treatment on the pretreated magnet obtained in the step to obtain the neodymium iron boron magnet after diffusion treatment.
In the present invention, the diffusion treatment preferably includes grain boundary diffusion treatment.
In the invention, the area of the surface of the multi-element alloy diffusion material block, which is attached to the neodymium iron boron magnet to be treated, is preferably 1.5-3 times, more preferably 1.8-2.7 times, and more preferably 2.1-2.4 times of the area of the surface of the neodymium iron boron magnet to be treated.
In the present invention, the multi-component alloy diffusion material attachment device preferably attaches and fixes the multi-component alloy diffusion material block and the neodymium iron boron magnet to be processed.
In the invention, the multi-element alloy diffusion material block can be preferably used for the diffusion treatment process of the neodymium iron boron magnet for multiple times. Namely, the multi-component alloy diffusion material block comprises a multi-component alloy diffusion material block with recycling characteristics.
In the invention, the thickness of the neodymium iron boron magnet to be treated in the diffusion direction is preferably 1-8 mm, more preferably 2-7 mm, more preferably 3-6 mm, and more preferably 4-5 mm.
In the present invention, the multiple alloy diffuser attachment device preferably includes a support structure, a multiple alloy diffuser slot structure, a spring structure, and a positioning and locking structure.
In the present invention, the multiple alloy diffuser slot structure is preferably connected to the support structure by a spring structure.
In the present invention, the periphery of the supporting structure is preferably provided with a positioning and locking structure.
In the present invention, the support structure preferably includes an upper substrate and a lower substrate.
In the present invention, the alloy diffuser clamping groove structure preferably includes a tray having a clamping groove formed at a periphery thereof.
In the invention, the area of the tray is preferably matched with the area of the surface of the multi-element alloy diffusion substance block material, which is attached to the neodymium iron boron magnet to be treated.
In the present invention, one end of the spring structure is preferably fixed on the supporting structure, and the other end is fixed on the multi-alloy diffuser clamping groove structure.
In the present invention, the number of the alloy diffuser groove structures is preferably not less than 2, more preferably not less than 3, and still more preferably not less than 4.
In the present invention, the spring structure preferably includes at least 2 sets of spring holders, more preferably 3 sets and more, and still more preferably 4 sets and more.
In the present invention, the number of the 1-set spring support is preferably not less than 2, more preferably not less than 3, and still more preferably not less than 4.
In the present invention, one of the alloy diffuser slot structures is preferably disposed on the upper substrate through a spring support, and the other is disposed on a corresponding position of the lower substrate through a spring support.
In the present invention, when the upper substrate and the lower substrate are fixed, the 2 alloy diffuser slot structures preferably have positions corresponding to each other up and down.
In the present invention, the positioning and locking structure preferably comprises a through hole for bolt fixing and/or a snap structure for locking, and more preferably, the through hole for bolt fixing or the snap structure for locking.
In the present invention, the step 1) is particularly preferably:
a) processing and surface treating the neodymium iron boron magnet to obtain a magnet to be treated;
processing the multi-element alloy diffusion object block into a size which is suitable for a tray of a diffusion object clamping groove in a multi-element alloy diffusion object attaching device, then carrying out surface cleaning to obtain a multi-element alloy diffusion object block, and fixing the multi-element alloy diffusion object block in the diffusion object clamping groove;
b) placing the magnet to be processed obtained in the step into a multi-element alloy diffuser attachment device, wherein the magnet to be processed is positioned between a diffuser clamping groove provided with multi-element alloy diffuser blocks on an upper substrate and a diffuser clamping groove provided with multi-element alloy diffuser blocks on a lower substrate, is attached to the surfaces of upper and lower multi-element alloy diffuser blocks, and is fixed and clamped through a positioning and locking structure;
c) and (3) integrally moving the multi-element alloy diffusion material attaching device provided with the magnet to be treated obtained in the step (a) to a vacuum heat treatment furnace, and performing attaching heat treatment to obtain the pretreated magnet completing the attachment of the diffusion material.
Firstly, processing and surface treating a neodymium iron boron magnet to obtain a magnet to be treated;
and processing the multi-element alloy diffusion object block into a size which is suitable for a tray of a diffusion object clamping groove in the multi-element alloy diffusion object attaching device, then carrying out surface cleaning to obtain the multi-element alloy diffusion object block, and fixing the multi-element alloy diffusion object block in the diffusion object clamping groove.
The magnet to be processed obtained in the step is arranged in a multi-element alloy diffusor attaching device, is positioned between a diffusor clamping groove provided with multi-element alloy diffusor blocks on an upper substrate and a diffusor clamping groove provided with multi-element alloy diffusor blocks on a lower substrate, is attached to the surfaces of the upper multi-element alloy diffusor blocks and the lower multi-element alloy diffusor blocks, and is fixed and clamped through a positioning and locking structure.
Finally, the multi-element alloy diffusion material adhering device provided with the magnet to be treated obtained in the step is integrally moved to a vacuum heat treatment furnace, and after the adhering heat treatment is carried out, the pretreated magnet for finishing the adhesion of the diffusion material is obtained.
In the present invention, the degree of vacuum of the adhesion heat treatment is preferably 10 or less -3 Pa, more preferably not more than 10 - 4 Pa, more preferably not more than 10 -5 Pa。
In the invention, the temperature of the adhesion heat treatment is preferably 520-750 ℃, more preferably 570-700 ℃, and more preferably 620-650 ℃.
In the present invention, the time of the adhesion heat treatment is preferably 0.5 to 2 hours, more preferably 0.8 to 1.7 hours, and more preferably 1.1 to 1.4 hours.
In the present invention, the cooling means after the adhesion heat treatment preferably includes rapid cooling.
In the invention, the speed of the rapid cooling is preferably 20-35 ℃/min, more preferably 23-32 ℃/min, and more preferably 26-29 ℃/min.
In the present invention, the degree of vacuum of the diffusion heat treatment is preferably 10 or less -3 Pa, more preferably not more than 10 - 4 Pa, more preferably not more than 10 -5 Pa。
In the invention, the temperature of the diffusion heat treatment is preferably 850-950 ℃, more preferably 870-930 ℃, and more preferably 890-910 ℃.
In the invention, the time of the diffusion heat treatment is preferably 4-8 h, more preferably 4.5-7.5 h, more preferably 5-7 h, and more preferably 5.5-6.5 h.
In the present invention, the cooling means after the diffusion heat treatment preferably includes rapid cooling.
In the invention, the speed of the rapid cooling is preferably 15-25 ℃/min, more preferably 17-23 ℃/min, and more preferably 19-21 ℃/min.
In the present invention, the diffusion heat treatment preferably includes a tempering heat treatment step.
In the present invention, the degree of vacuum of the tempering heat treatment is preferably 10 or less -3 Pa, more preferably not more than 10 - 4 Pa, more preferably not more than 10 -5 Pa。
In the invention, the tempering heat treatment temperature is preferably 480-520 ℃, more preferably 485-515 ℃, more preferably 490-510 ℃, and more preferably 495-505 ℃.
In the invention, the time of the tempering heat treatment is preferably 4-10 h, more preferably 5-9 h, and more preferably 6-8 h.
In the present invention, the cooling means after the tempering heat treatment preferably includes rapid cooling.
In the invention, the speed of the rapid cooling is preferably 15-25 ℃/min, more preferably 17-23 ℃/min, and more preferably 19-21 ℃/min.
In the present invention, the multi-alloy diffuser preferably has the following general formula:
H 100-x-y R x M y 。
in the present invention, H preferably includes one or more of Tb, Dy and Ho, more preferably Tb, Dy or Ho.
In the present invention, R preferably includes one or more of Pr, Nd, Y, Ce, and La, and more preferably includes Pr, Nd, Y, Ce, or La.
In the present invention, M preferably includes one or more of Fe, Cu, Al, Ga, Zn, Mg and Mn, more preferably Fe, Cu, Al, Ga, Zn, Mg or Mn.
In the invention, x is preferably 0 to 70, more preferably 10 to 60, more preferably 20 to 50, more preferably 30 to 40, and y is preferably 0 to 30, more preferably 10 to 20. And x and y are preferably not both 0.
The invention is a complete and refined integral diffusion process, better ensures the diffusion effect and the repeated stability, and the diffusion treatment method of the neodymium iron boron magnet preferably comprises the following steps:
the NdFeB magnet grain boundary diffusion treatment method comprises the following steps: a multielement alloy diffuser attachment device and a matched attachment and diffusion treatment process.
Specifically, the multi-alloy diffuser attachment device comprises a supporting structure, an alloy diffuser clamping groove structure, a spring structure and a positioning and locking structure. And preferably, all the parts are made of high-temperature-resistant alloy.
Specifically, the supporting structure comprises a square upper substrate and a lower substrate, and through holes are formed in four corners of the substrate. Preferably, the support structure has a length of 20-300 mm and a width of 20-300 mm, and the substrate has a thickness of 1-10 mm.
Specifically, the alloy diffuser clamping groove structure is composed of a plurality of square trays, and barbs are attached to the bottom ends of two walls of each tray to fix the diffuser blocks. Preferably, the length of the inner cavity of the diffuser clamping groove (tray) is 20-100 mm, the width of the inner cavity is 20-100 mm, the height of the inner cavity is 0-20 mm, the thickness of barbs at the edge of the clamping groove is 0.5-10 mm, and the width of the barbs is 2 mm.
Specifically, the spring structure is multiunit spring bracket, and spring bracket one end welds on bearing structure, and the other end is fixed in diffusion thing tray bottom. Preferably, the length of the spring is 5-40 mm, the diameter of the spring is 5-30 mm, and the stiffness coefficient of the spring is 2-20N/m.
Specifically, the positioning and locking structure is formed by inserting four groups of bolts into upper and lower basic through holes and fixing and locking the bolts by nuts.
In the multi-element alloy diffuser attaching device, a plurality of groups of spring supports with different areas are respectively welded on an upper substrate and a lower substrate, the other end of each support can be fixedly connected with a diffuser tray, and a small space is kept between the fixed diffuser trays; smelting the multi-element alloy, processing the multi-element alloy into blocks meeting the size requirement, and fixing the blocks in a diffuser tray; after the upper and lower diffusion object trays are fixed with the multi-element alloy diffusion object block materials, the magnet can be placed and is fixedly clamped through the positioning and locking structure; after the substrate of the device is locked, the whole substrate can be moved to a vacuum heat treatment furnace for diffusion material adhesion heat treatment.
Referring to fig. 1, fig. 1 is a schematic assembly view of a multi-alloy diffuser attachment apparatus provided in the present invention.
Referring to fig. 2, fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of an attachment treatment cloth of the multi-component alloy diffuser attachment device provided by the present invention.
In fig. 1 and 2, 1-spring; 2-a support substrate; 3-fastening sleeve; 4-a card slot structure; 5-fastening screws; 6-fastening a nut; 7-a diffusion source; 8-diffusion matrix.
Further, the matched attaching and diffusing treatment process comprises the following operation steps:
step one, preparing a multi-element alloy diffuser block, wherein the multi-element alloy diffuser has the following chemical formula H 100-x-y R x M y . Specifically, H is one or more of Tb, Dy and Ho, R is one or more of Pr, Nd, Y, Ce and La, M is one or more of Fe, Cu, Al, Ga, Zn, Mg and Mn, x and Y are the atomic percentage contents of the components in the alloy diffusant, x is 0-70, Y is 0-30, and x and Y are not 0 at the same time;
processing the neodymium iron boron magnet into a specified shape and a specified size, and then carrying out acid washing, cleaning and drying to obtain a magnet to be treated;
processing the multi-element alloy diffusion object block into a shape and a size which meet the requirements of a diffusion object clamping groove (tray) in the multi-element alloy diffusion object attaching device, and then carrying out surface cleaning and drying to obtain a multi-element alloy diffusion object block;
step four, respectively fixing a plurality of groups of multi-element alloy diffusion object blocks in diffusion object clamping grooves (trays) in the multi-element alloy diffusion object attaching device;
placing the magnet to be processed in a multi-element alloy diffuser attachment device, and fixedly clamping the substrate through a positioning and locking structure;
step six, integrally moving the multi-element alloy diffusion substance attachment device provided with the magnet to be treated to a vacuum heat treatment furnace, and carrying out an attachment heat treatment process;
step seven, taking the magnet out of the device to obtain a pretreated magnet which finishes the attachment of the diffuser;
and step eight, placing the preprocessed magnet in a vacuum heat treatment furnace for diffusion heat treatment and tempering heat treatment to obtain the final high-coercivity neodymium-iron-boron magnet.
Specifically, in the first step, as a preferred embodiment, the multi-component alloy diffusion material H 100-x- y R x M y Wherein x is 50-70 and y is 10-30.
Specifically, as a preferred embodiment, the multi-alloy diffuser block is prepared by the following method: weighing corresponding raw materials according to the atomic percentage of each component of the multi-element alloy diffuser, and sequentially carrying out smelting, casting, forging, hot rolling and cold rolling to obtain the multi-element alloy diffuser;
specifically, in the second step, the size and the surface quality of the magnet to be processed are not strictly required, and as a preferred embodiment, the thickness of the magnet to be processed in the diffusion direction is controlled to be 1-8 mm, and the surface is smooth and free of foreign matters;
specifically, in the third step, the surface of the multi-element alloy diffusion block is cleaned by abrasive paper polishing, alcohol cleaning and ultrasonic treatment;
specifically, as a preferred embodiment, in the fifth step, the magnet to be processed is sandwiched between the upper and lower multi-component alloy diffusion block materials, and the surface area of each multi-component alloy diffusion block material is 1.5 to 3 times that of each magnet to be processed;
specifically, in the sixth step, the adhesion heat treatment process conditions are as follows: the temperature is 520-750 ℃, the time is 0.5-2 h, the temperature is increased along with the furnace, the temperature is kept, then the temperature is quickly cooled to the room temperature, the vacuum degree is not more than 10 in the period -3 Pa；
Specifically, in the step eight, the diffusion heat treatment process conditions are as follows: the temperature is 850-950 ℃, the time is 4-8 h, the temperature is increased along with the furnace, the temperature is kept, then the temperature is quickly cooled to the room temperature, the vacuum degree is not more than 10 in the period -3 Pa; the heat of temperingThe treatment process conditions are as follows: the temperature is 480-520 ℃, the time is 4-10 h, the temperature is increased along with the furnace, the temperature is kept, then the temperature is quickly cooled to the room temperature, the vacuum degree is not more than 10 in the period -3 Pa。
The invention discloses a neodymium iron boron magnet grain boundary diffusion treatment method, and relates to an attachment device of a multi-element alloy diffuser and an attachment and diffusion treatment process for optimizing matching. The invention processes the smelted multi-element alloy ingot into blocks, directly assembles the blocks in the adhesion device of the multi-element alloy diffusion object, then carries out the adhesion heat treatment process on the neodymium iron boron magnet to be treated and obtains the pre-treated magnet, and then carries out the diffusion heat treatment on the pre-treated magnet which is completed to obtain the high-performance neodymium iron boron magnet. The invention does not need to crush the multi-component alloy into powder, simplifies the process flow of the attachment of the diffuser on the premise of ensuring the excellent diffusion effect of the multi-component alloy, realizes the high-efficiency preparation of the diffusion magnet, meets the requirement of better consistency and stability of the magnetic performance of the magnet, and is suitable for the industrialization of the multi-component alloy diffusion magnet.
The steps of the invention provide a processing method for grain boundary diffusion of a neodymium iron boron magnet, which relates to an attachment device of a multi-element alloy diffuser and an attachment and diffusion processing technology for optimizing matching, the method does not need to crush the multi-element alloy, and only needs to prepare the multi-element alloy into a block material to realize attachment of the diffuser, thereby avoiding the problems of oxidation and the like caused by the crushing and powder preparation process of the multi-element alloy, maintaining the excellent characteristics of each component of the multi-element alloy and ensuring the diffusion effect of heavy rare earth; the attaching device for the multi-element alloy diffuser adopts the regional spring structure, so that the problem of insufficient contact between the diffuser and the magnet due to the size error of the magnet to be treated in the batch diffusion process can be effectively solved, and the attaching treatment quality and efficiency of the diffuser are improved; the multi-component alloy diffusion substance block can be repeatedly utilized for multiple times, and only simple surface treatment needs to be carried out on the multi-component alloy diffusion substance block before each adhesion treatment, so that the utilization rate of the diffusion substance is improved, the production cost is reduced, and based on the design of an adhesion device, the diffusion substance block is simple to replace and high in operation freedom; the adhesion device of the multi-element alloy diffuser can flexibly control the thickness of an adhesion layer in a preprocessed magnet (a magnet for finishing diffuser adhesion) by combining an adhesion heat treatment process, and improves the consistency and stability of the diffuser magnet; the low-temperature adhesion heat treatment adopted by the invention is easy to separate the diffusion substance from the magnet after the adhesion treatment, and the multi-element alloy is not easy to deform due to larger viscosity at low temperature; the method is suitable for preparing the multi-element alloy diffuser diffusion treatment magnet in batches, has simple process, strong controllability, better repeatability and stability, and is more suitable for popularization and application of large-scale production.
Experimental results show that the NdFeB grain boundary diffusion treatment method is more suitable for grain boundary diffusion treatment of multi-element alloy diffusants, the method provided by the invention ensures excellent characteristics of multi-element alloys, the performance of a magnet after diffusion is greatly improved, and the magnet has better consistency and stability.
For further illustration of the present invention, the following will describe the diffusion processing method of a ndfeb magnet in detail with reference to the following examples, but it should be understood that these examples are implemented on the premise of the technical solution of the present invention, and the detailed implementation and specific operation procedures are given, which are only for further illustration of the features and advantages of the present invention, but not for limitation of the claims of the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the following examples.
Example 1
1) A preliminary diffusion substance attachment device: assembling and debugging the diffuser attachment device comprising a supporting structure, an alloy diffuser clamping groove structure, a spring structure and a positioning and locking structure, wherein a schematic assembly drawing is shown in fig. 1. The diffuser attachment device is configured as follows: the size of the inner cavity of the diffuser clamping groove (tray) is 60mm multiplied by 3mm, the barb thickness at the edge of the clamping groove is 1mm, and the width is 2 mm; the bottom surface of the upper and lower supporting substrates is 200mm multiplied by 200mm, and the thickness of the substrate is 5 mm; the spring length is 20mm, the spring diameter is 20mm, and the spring stiffness coefficient is 4.4N/mm.
2) Preparation of the Dispersion Tb 25 Pr 60 Cu 10 Al 5 (with subscripts representing atomic percentages of the respective elements) multicomponent alloy piecesMaterial: weighing the raw materials of Tb simple substance, Pr simple substance, Cu metal and Al (the purity is up to 99.95%) according to the chemical formula proportion of the alloy, putting the raw materials into a vacuum induction smelting furnace for smelting at 1150 ℃ for 15 minutes, then casting the molten alloy liquid into a blank, forging, hot rolling, cold rolling and machining to prepare 9 square blocks with the thickness of 3mm and the length and width of 59mm, removing surface oxide skin, keeping the surface smooth and washing and drying by alcohol.
3) And (3) carrying out surface degreasing, acid washing, cleaning and air drying on the sintered neodymium iron boron magnet with the size specification of 25mm multiplied by 4mm of the 36 block size to obtain the neodymium iron boron magnet to be treated.
4) Placing the diffusion substance block material prepared in the step 2) in the diffusion substance attaching device in the step 1): the diffuser block can be inserted into the diffuser slot (tray) by adjusting or pressing the spring.
5) Placing the neodymium iron boron magnet to be processed prepared in the step 3) between the upper diffusion object block and the lower diffusion object block in the step 4), placing 4 magnets to be processed in each group of upper tray and lower tray combination according to the optimal size, and then inserting and adjusting a device fastening bolt to enable the upper surface and the lower surface of the magnet to be processed to be tightly attached to the diffusion object blocks, as shown in fig. 2.
6) Moving the device in the step 5) and the built-in magnet into a vacuum heat treatment furnace for adhesion heat treatment, wherein the vacuum degree is 7.0 multiplied by 10 -3 Pa and the temperature of 700 ℃ for 1h, and obtaining a pretreated magnet after quick cooling, wherein the back scattering diagram of the surface layer section of the pretreated magnet is shown in figure 3.
Fig. 3 is a back scattering diagram of the surface layer cross section of the pre-processed magnet after the adhesion processing process is completed in example 1 of the present invention.
7) Taking out the pretreated magnet in the step 6) from the diffusion substance attaching device, and placing the magnet into a vacuum heat treatment furnace for diffusion heat treatment: under a vacuum degree of 7.0X 10 -3 Keeping the temperature for 4 hours at the temperature of 900 ℃ under Pa; cooling to room temperature and then carrying out tempering heat treatment: keeping the vacuum degree, raising the temperature to 900 ℃ again, preserving the temperature for 4h, and quickly cooling to room temperature to obtain the final high-performance magnet.
In this example, for comparison of the powder coating methodSetting and smelting a nominal component Tb aiming at the diffusion effect of the multi-element alloy diffuser 25 Pr 60 Cu 10 Al 5 The alloy (the subscript of which is the atomic percentage content of the corresponding elements) is subjected to rapid solidification casting, hydrogen crushing and airflow milling to obtain powder with the average particle size of 5 microns, the powder is subjected to slurry making by using solvents such as alcohol, adhesives and the like according to the optimal viscosity ratio to obtain powder slurry, the powder slurry is further sprayed on the upper surface and the lower surface of the magnets with the same brands, sizes and numbers in the embodiment in batches, and after drying, the magnets to which the diffusant adheres are placed in a vacuum heat treatment furnace to adopt the diffusion and tempering heat treatment processes which are the same as those in the step 7) in the embodiment, so that the comparative diffusion magnets are obtained. Magnetic property measurements were made for each of the randomly selected 5 magnet samples from the magnet obtained in step 7) of this example and the comparative diffusion magnet obtained in the comparative example, and the measurement results are shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1 magnet Performance test results of different process preparations
As can be seen from Table 1, compared with a powder coating method, the NdFeB grain boundary diffusion treatment method provided by the invention is more suitable for grain boundary diffusion treatment of a multi-element alloy diffuser, and the method provided by the invention ensures the excellent characteristics of the multi-element alloy, so that the performance of the diffused magnet is greatly improved, and the magnet has better consistency and stability.
Example 2
1) A preliminary diffusion substance attachment device: assembling and debugging the diffuser attachment device comprising a supporting structure, an alloy diffuser clamping groove structure, a spring structure and a positioning and locking structure, wherein a schematic assembly drawing is shown in fig. 1. The diffuser attachment device is configured as follows: the size of the inner cavity of the diffuser clamping groove (tray) is 90mm multiplied by 4mm, the thickness of the barb at the edge of the clamping groove is 1.5mm, and the width is 2.5 mm; the bottom surface sizes of the upper and lower supporting substrates are 300mm multiplied by 300mm, and the thickness of the substrate is 4 mm; the spring length is 30mm, the spring diameter is 22mm, and the spring stiffness coefficient is 8.1N/mm.
2) Preparation of the Dispersion Tb 20 Pr 45 La 15 Cu 10 Al 10 (subscript is atom percentage content of corresponding element) multi-element alloy bulk material: weighing raw materials of Tb simple substance, Pr simple substance, La simple substance, metal Cu and Al (the purity is up to 99.95%) according to the chemical formula proportion of the alloy, putting the raw materials into a vacuum induction smelting furnace for smelting at the smelting temperature of 1150 ℃ for 15 minutes, then casting molten alloy liquid into a blank, forging, hot rolling, cold rolling and machining the blank to prepare 9 square blocks with the thickness of 4mm and the length and width of 89mm, removing surface oxide skin, keeping the surface smooth and washing and drying the square blocks by adopting alcohol.
3) And (3) carrying out surface degreasing, acid washing, cleaning and air drying on the sintered neodymium iron boron magnet with the size specification of 36 blocks of 35mm multiplied by 5mm to obtain the neodymium iron boron magnet to be treated.
4) Placing the diffusion substance block material prepared in the step 2) in the diffusion substance attaching device in the step 1): the diffuser block can be inserted into the diffuser slot (tray) by adjusting or pressing the spring.
5) Placing the neodymium iron boron magnet to be processed prepared in the step 3) between the upper diffusion object block and the lower diffusion object block in the step 4), placing 4 magnets to be processed in each group of upper tray and lower tray combination according to the optimal size, and then inserting and adjusting a device fastening bolt to enable the upper surface and the lower surface of the magnet to be processed to be tightly attached to the diffusion object blocks, as shown in fig. 2.
6) Moving the device in the step 5) and the built-in magnet into a vacuum heat treatment furnace for adhesion heat treatment, wherein the vacuum degree is 5.0 multiplied by 10 -3 Keeping the temperature for 1.5h at the temperature of 650 ℃ under Pa, and quickly cooling to obtain the pretreated magnet.
7) Taking out the pretreated magnet in the step 6) from the diffusion substance attaching device, and placing the magnet into a vacuum heat treatment furnace for diffusion heat treatment: under vacuum of 5.0X 10 -3 Keeping the temperature for 5 hours at the temperature of 910 ℃ under Pa; cooling to room temperature and then carrying out tempering heat treatment: maintaining vacuum degreeAnd raising the temperature to 910 ℃ again, keeping the temperature for 5 hours, and quickly cooling to room temperature to obtain the final high-performance magnet.
In this example, in order to compare the diffusion effect of the powder coating method for the multi-component alloy diffuser, Tb as a nominal component was set and melted 20 Pr 45 La 15 Cu 10 Al 10 The alloy (the subscript of which is the atomic percentage content of the corresponding elements) is subjected to rapid solidification casting, hydrogen crushing and airflow milling to obtain powder with the average particle size of 5 microns, the powder is subjected to slurry making by using solvents such as alcohol, adhesives and the like according to the optimal viscosity ratio to obtain powder slurry, the powder slurry is further sprayed on the upper surface and the lower surface of the magnets with the same brands, sizes and numbers in the embodiment in batches, and after drying, the magnets to which the diffusant adheres are placed in a vacuum heat treatment furnace to adopt the diffusion and tempering heat treatment processes which are the same as those in the step 7) in the embodiment, so that the comparative diffusion magnets are obtained. Magnetic property measurements were made for each of the randomly selected 5 magnet samples from the magnet obtained in step 7) of this example and the comparative diffusion magnet obtained in the comparative example, and the measurement results are shown in Table 2.
TABLE 2 magnet Performance test results of different Process preparations
As can be seen from table 2, compared with the powder coating method, the neodymium iron boron grain boundary diffusion treatment method provided by the invention is more suitable for grain boundary diffusion treatment of the multi-element alloy diffuser, and the method provided by the invention ensures excellent characteristics of the multi-element alloy, so that the performance of the diffused magnet is greatly improved, and the magnet has better consistency and stability.
The above detailed description of the method for grain boundary diffusion treatment of ndfeb magnets provided by the present invention, and the specific examples used herein to explain the principles and embodiments of the present invention, are merely provided to help understand the method and its core ideas, including the best mode, and also to enable any person skilled in the art to practice the invention, including making and using any devices or systems and performing any combination of the methods. It should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, it is possible to make various improvements and modifications to the present invention without departing from the principle of the present invention, and those improvements and modifications also fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention. The scope of the invention is defined by the claims and may include other embodiments that occur to those skilled in the art. Such other embodiments are intended to be within the scope of the claims if they have structural elements that do not differ from the literal language of the claims, or if they include equivalent structural elements with insubstantial differences from the literal languages of the claims.
Claims (10)
1. A diffusion processing method of a neodymium iron boron magnet is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) attaching and fixing the multi-element alloy diffusion material block and the neodymium iron boron magnet to be treated on a multi-element alloy diffusion material attaching device, and performing attaching heat treatment to obtain a pretreated magnet;
2) and (4) performing diffusion heat treatment on the pretreated magnet obtained in the step to obtain a neodymium iron boron magnet subjected to diffusion treatment.
2. The diffusion treatment method according to claim 1, wherein the thickness of the multi-element alloy diffusion material block is 2 to 5 mm;
the neodymium iron boron magnet to be processed comprises a plurality of neodymium iron boron magnets to be processed;
the area of the surface of the multi-element alloy diffusion material block, which is attached to the neodymium iron boron magnet to be treated, is larger than that of the surface of the neodymium iron boron magnet to be treated;
the diffusion treatment includes a grain boundary diffusion treatment.
3. The diffusion treatment method according to claim 1, wherein the area of the surface of the multi-element alloy diffusion material block, which is attached to the neodymium iron boron magnet to be treated, is 1.5 to 3 times that of the surface of the neodymium iron boron magnet to be treated;
the multi-element alloy diffusion substance adhering device is used for closely adhering and fixing the multi-element alloy diffusion substance block and the neodymium iron boron magnet to be treated;
the multi-element alloy diffusion block can be used for the diffusion treatment process of the neodymium iron boron magnet for multiple times;
the thickness of the neodymium iron boron magnet to be treated in the diffusion direction is 1-8 mm.
4. The diffusion processing method according to claim 1, wherein the multi-element alloy diffuser attachment device comprises a support structure, a multi-element alloy diffuser slot structure, a spring structure and a positioning and locking structure;
the multi-element alloy diffuser clamping groove structure is connected with the supporting structure through a spring structure;
the periphery of the supporting structure is provided with a positioning and locking structure;
the supporting structure comprises an upper substrate and a lower substrate;
the alloy diffuser clamping groove structure comprises a tray with clamping grooves arranged on the periphery;
the area of the tray is matched with the area of the surface of the multi-element alloy diffusion block material, which is attached to the neodymium iron boron magnet to be processed.
5. The diffusion processing method of claim 4, wherein one end of the spring structure is fixed on the support structure, and the other end is fixed on the multi-alloy diffuser slot structure;
the number of the alloy diffuser clamping groove structures is more than or equal to 2;
the spring structure comprises at least 2 groups of spring brackets;
the number of the 1 group of spring supports is more than or equal to 2;
one of the alloy diffuser clamping groove structures is arranged on the upper substrate through a spring support, and the other alloy diffuser clamping groove structure is arranged on the corresponding position of the lower substrate through a spring support;
when the upper substrate and the lower substrate are fixed, 2 alloy diffuser clamping groove structures are provided with corresponding positions up and down;
the positioning and locking structure comprises a through hole for bolt fixing and/or a buckle structure for locking.
6. The diffusion processing method according to claim 5, wherein the step 1) is specifically:
a) processing and surface treating the neodymium iron boron magnet to obtain a magnet to be treated;
processing the multi-element alloy diffusion object block into a size which is suitable for a tray of a diffusion object clamping groove in a multi-element alloy diffusion object attaching device, then carrying out surface cleaning to obtain a multi-element alloy diffusion object block, and fixing the multi-element alloy diffusion object block in the diffusion object clamping groove;
b) placing the magnet to be processed obtained in the step into a multi-element alloy diffuser attachment device, wherein the magnet to be processed is positioned between a diffuser clamping groove provided with multi-element alloy diffuser blocks on an upper substrate and a diffuser clamping groove provided with multi-element alloy diffuser blocks on a lower substrate, is attached to the surfaces of upper and lower multi-element alloy diffuser blocks, and is fixed and clamped through a positioning and locking structure;
c) and (3) integrally moving the multi-element alloy diffusion material attaching device provided with the magnet to be treated obtained in the step (a) to a vacuum heat treatment furnace, and performing attaching heat treatment to obtain the pretreated magnet completing the attachment of the diffusion material.
7. The diffusion treatment method according to claim 6, wherein a degree of vacuum of the adhesion heat treatment is 10 or less -3 Pa；
The temperature of the adhesion heat treatment is 520-750 ℃;
the time of the adhesion heat treatment is 0.5-2 h;
the cooling mode after the adhesion heat treatment comprises rapid cooling;
the rapid cooling rate is 20-35 ℃/min.
8. The diffusion treatment method according to claim 1, wherein the diffusion heat is diffusedThe vacuum degree of the treatment is less than or equal to 10 -3 Pa；
The temperature of the diffusion heat treatment is 850-950 ℃;
the time of the diffusion heat treatment is 4-8 h;
the cooling mode after the diffusion heat treatment comprises rapid cooling;
the rapid cooling rate is 15-25 ℃/min.
9. The diffusion treatment method according to claim 1, further comprising a tempering heat treatment step after the diffusion heat treatment;
the vacuum degree of the tempering heat treatment is less than or equal to 10 -3 Pa；
The tempering heat treatment temperature is 480-520 ℃;
the tempering heat treatment time is 4-10 h;
the cooling mode after the tempering heat treatment comprises rapid cooling;
the rapid cooling rate is 15-25 ℃/min.
10. The grain boundary diffusion treatment method according to claim 1, wherein the multi-alloy diffuser has a general formula:
H 100-x-y R x M y ；
wherein H comprises one or more of Tb, Dy and Ho;
r comprises one or more of Pr, Nd, Y, Ce and La;
m comprises one or more of Fe, Cu, Al, Ga, Zn, Mg and Mn;
x is 0 to 70, y is 0 to 30, and x and y are not 0 at the same time.
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