CN114878741B - Test device for researching fuel evaporation combustion characteristics under supercritical environment - Google Patents
Test device for researching fuel evaporation combustion characteristics under supercritical environment Download PDFInfo
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- CN114878741B CN114878741B CN202210668602.9A CN202210668602A CN114878741B CN 114878741 B CN114878741 B CN 114878741B CN 202210668602 A CN202210668602 A CN 202210668602A CN 114878741 B CN114878741 B CN 114878741B
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Abstract
The invention relates to a test device for researching fuel evaporation combustion characteristics in a supercritical environment, which comprises a high-pressure test section positioning mechanism, a high-pressure test section, a compression pipe, a compression piston connecting rod, a compression section guide rail, a crank limiting buffer cushion, a crank locking mechanism, a compression section sliding block, a compression section connecting rod, an unequal arm length crank mechanism, a driving section connecting rod, a driving section guide rail, a driving section sliding block, a driving pipe, an air storage tank, a driving piston connecting rod, a driving piston and a driving pipe axial positioning mechanism; by means of the technical scheme, the test device capable of researching the fuel evaporation combustion characteristics in the supercritical environment is designed, so that the environment pressure and the temperature are quickly increased to the critical conditions of the test fuel, and accordingly relevant test research is conducted under the environment conditions which are closer to the actual working process of the high-pressure combustion power equipment, and the defect that the existing test device is difficult to conduct the fuel evaporation combustion process in the supercritical environment is overcome.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of combustion research of aerospace engines and automobile internal combustion engines, in particular to a test device for researching fuel evaporation combustion characteristics in a high-temperature high-pressure supercritical environment.
Background
The combustion chamber environments of power equipment such as a liquid rocket engine, a gas turbine, a pulse detonation engine, a liquid fuel ramjet engine, a direct injection internal combustion engine and the like all reach the thermodynamic critical condition of fuel injection. The liquid fuel of such high pressure combustion power equipment is injected and atomized into the combustion chamber at a subcritical initial temperature, fuel droplets formed by atomization undergo evaporation, air mixing, ignition and combustion processes in an environment higher than the critical pressure, and the temperature rises rapidly from the subcritical temperature during the service life of the droplets, at this time, transition from a subcritical state to a supercritical state occurs, and physical properties of the fluid in the supercritical state change rapidly, so that the fluid in the state has a plurality of unique properties, such as viscosity, surface tension, evaporation enthalpy, heat transfer coefficient, solubility and the like, change rapidly, and the viscosity and diffusion coefficient of the fluid are close to those of gas, and at the same time, the fluid in the supercritical state has density close to that of the liquid. Therefore, the research on the fuel evaporation combustion characteristics under the supercritical environment is very important in grasping the combustion mechanism in the actual combustion chamber of the high-pressure combustion power equipment and establishing a high-pressure calculation model. The test equipment severely restricts the research of high-pressure combustion characteristics in extreme environments such as supercritical conditions, the pressure and the temperature of the test environment must be improved in order to enable the fuel environment to reach the supercritical conditions, the traditional test equipment capable of improving the pressure and the temperature comprises a constant-volume combustion bomb, a shock tube and a rapid compressor, the constant-volume combustion bomb adopts a slow pressurizing and heating mode to improve the environmental pressure and the temperature, the supercritical conditions are difficult to be achieved, and the method has a certain difference in the high-temperature and high-pressure test of fuel liquid drops compared with the process of directly and instantaneously exposing atomized liquid drops to the high-temperature and high-pressure environment in the process of heating and heating the liquid drops. Shock tubes have not been suitable for spray and droplet testing due to the short flow and hold time of high temperature and pressure conditions within the tube. The traditional rapid compressor has smaller compression, and the problem of piston backstop seriously affects the maintenance of test pressure and temperature. Therefore, the existing test device is difficult to develop the evaporation combustion process of the fuel in the supercritical environment, and more perfect high-pressure combustion test equipment needs to be designed and developed so as to realize that the ambient pressure and the temperature are quickly increased to the critical condition of the test fuel, thereby developing relevant test research under the environmental condition which is more similar to the actual working process of the high-pressure combustion power equipment.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the existing test equipment capable of generating a high-temperature and high-pressure environment, the invention provides a test device for generating the high-temperature and high-pressure environment based on rapid compression, so as to realize the research on the evaporation combustion characteristics of fuel under the supercritical condition.
The invention aims at solving the technical problems by adopting the following technical scheme. The invention provides a test device for researching fuel evaporation combustion characteristics in a supercritical environment, which comprises a high-pressure test section positioning mechanism, a high-pressure test section, a compression pipe, a compression piston connecting rod, a compression section guide rail, a crank limiting buffer cushion, a crank locking mechanism, a compression section sliding block, a compression section connecting rod, an unequal arm length crank mechanism, a driving section connecting rod, a driving section guide rail, a driving section sliding block, a driving pipe, an air storage tank, a driving piston connecting rod, a driving piston and a driving pipe axial positioning mechanism;
the high-voltage test section comprises a high-voltage test section elastomer and a quartz glass observation window arranged on the high-voltage test section elastomer, one end of the high-voltage test section elastomer is connected with a high-voltage test section positioning mechanism, and the high-voltage test section positioning mechanism is used for adjusting left and right positioning positions of the high-voltage test section; the other end of the high-pressure test section elastomer is connected with the flange end of the compression pipe; the compression piston is arranged in the compression pipe, the compression piston is in sliding seal fit with the compression pipe, the compression piston is hinged with one end of a compression piston connecting rod, the other end of the compression piston connecting rod is hinged with a compression section sliding block, the compression section sliding block is slidably arranged in a compression section guide rail, the other end of the compression section sliding block is hinged with one end of a compression section connecting rod, the other end of the compression section connecting rod is rotationally connected with a short arm side crank arm of the unequal arm long crank mechanism, a main journal of the unequal arm long crank mechanism is arranged on a main bearing hole of a crank mechanism support, a long arm side crank arm of the unequal arm long crank mechanism is rotationally connected with one end of a driving section connecting rod, the other end of the driving section connecting rod is hinged with one end of the driving section sliding block, the driving section sliding block is slidably arranged in a driving section guide rail, the other end of the driving section sliding block is hinged with one end of the driving piston connecting rod, the driving piston connecting rod is slidably arranged in a driving pipe, an air storage tank is communicated with the driving pipe through a pipeline, and the output end of the driving pipe axial positioning mechanism is in butt joint with the driving pipe; the crank limiting cushion pad and the crank locking mechanism are arranged on the crank locking mechanism support, and the crank limiting cushion pad is matched with the crank locking mechanism to realize clamping and positioning after the long arm side crank arm rotates.
Further, the high-voltage test section positioning mechanism is fixed on a high-voltage test section support, the high-voltage test section is arranged on the high-voltage test section support, and the compression pipe is arranged on the compression pipe support; the compression section guide rail is fixed on the compression section guide rail support; the crank locking mechanism support is positioned at the left side of the crank mechanism support; the driving section guide rail is fixed on the driving section guide rail support; the driving pipe and the air storage tank are fixed on the air storage tank and the driving pipe support; the driving tube axial positioning mechanism is fixed on the driving tube axial positioning mechanism support;
the driving tube axial positioning mechanism support, the air storage tank and driving tube support, the driving section guide rail support, the crank mechanism support, the compression section guide rail support, the compression tube support and the high-voltage test section support are fixedly installed on the concrete foundation from right to left in sequence through anchor bolts.
Further, the high-voltage test section positioning mechanism comprises a screw and a screw mounting seat in threaded fit with the screw, one end of the screw is rotatably connected with a high-voltage test section elastomer of the high-voltage test section through a bearing, the other end of the screw is a force application end convenient to rotate, and the screw mounting seat is fixed on a high-voltage test section support.
Further, the high-pressure test section elastomer is in a spherical cavity structure, and a test cavity is formed in the high-pressure test section elastomer; two sides of the high-pressure test section elastomer are respectively provided with a quartz glass observation window, two sides of the top of the high-pressure test section elastomer are respectively provided with an air pipe communicated with an internal test cavity of the high-pressure test section elastomer, and the air pipe is provided with a high-pressure test section electromagnetic valve for controlling the on-off of the air pipe.
Further, a driving pipe electromagnetic valve for controlling the exhaust of the driving pipe is arranged at the right end of the driving pipe, which is close to the driving pipe axial positioning mechanism, and the driving pipe electromagnetic valve is arranged on the corresponding driving pipe exhaust pipe; the air tank is provided with an air tank electromagnetic valve for controlling the air exhaust of the air tank, and the air tank electromagnetic valve 33 is arranged on the corresponding air tank exhaust pipe.
Further, the crank locking mechanism comprises a locking slide block, a compression spring, a limit baffle, a baffle plate, a screw rod mounting plate, a compression adjusting screw rod and a crank locking mechanism shell; the crank locking mechanism shell is fixed on the crank locking mechanism support, one end of the compression spring is contacted with the locking slide block, and the other end of the compression spring is contacted with the partition plate; the other side of the partition plate is contacted with the compression adjusting screw rod, the front end of the locking slide block extends out of the crank locking mechanism shell in a free state, the crank locking mechanism shell is provided with a limiting step for preventing the locking slide block from continuing to be pulled out forwards, the limiting baffle is positioned between the locking slide block and the partition plate, the compression adjusting screw rod is in threaded fit with the screw rod mounting plate, and the screw rod mounting plate is fixed on the crank locking mechanism shell;
the upper side of the front end of the locking slide block, which extends out of the crank locking mechanism shell, is provided with an inclined surface, when the compression piston is compressed to be close to the upper dead point, a long arm side crank arm of the unequal arm length crank mechanism pushes the locking slide block by impacting the inclined surface and continuously moves towards the crank limiting buffer cushion; when the compression piston reaches the top dead center, the long-arm side crank arm completely passes through the locking slide block, and at the moment, the crank limiting buffer pad prevents the long-arm side crank arm from continuing to rotate, and meanwhile, the locking slide block is reset under the action of the compression spring, so that the long-arm side crank arm is clamped and limited between the crank limiting buffer pad and the locking slide block.
Further, be equipped with actuating mechanism on the drive section guide rail support, actuating mechanism includes the start slide bar, actuating mechanism cylinder body, the cylinder body advances the exhaust hole, piston limiting plate and start slide bar drive piston, wherein, the actuating mechanism cylinder body is fixed in drive section guide rail support lateral part, start slide bar sliding assembly is in the actuating mechanism cylinder body, and start the front end of slide bar and stretch out or retract in the actuating mechanism cylinder body, start slide bar drive piston and fix the rear end at the start slide bar, the piston limiting plate is fixed at the rear end of actuating mechanism cylinder body, start slide bar drive piston can slide back and forth in the inner chamber of actuating mechanism cylinder body, and start slide bar drive piston and actuating mechanism cylinder body's inner chamber be sliding seal cooperation, the cylinder body advances the exhaust hole setting on the actuating mechanism cylinder body and with actuating mechanism cylinder body's inner chamber intercommunication.
Further, the tail end of the driving tube is placed in the driving tube sealing end cover, and the output end of the driving tube axial positioning mechanism presses the driving tube sealing end cover tightly.
Further, the diameter of the drive piston is greater than the diameter of the compression piston.
Further, the top of the high-pressure test section elastomer is provided with an interface connected with an oil sprayer or a liquid drop hanging device.
By means of the technical scheme, the test device capable of researching the fuel evaporation combustion characteristics in the supercritical environment is designed, so that the environment pressure and the temperature are quickly increased to the critical conditions of the test fuel, and accordingly relevant test research is conducted under the environment conditions which are closer to the actual working process of the high-pressure combustion power equipment, and the defect that the existing test device is difficult to conduct the fuel evaporation combustion process in the supercritical environment is overcome.
The foregoing description is only an overview of the present invention, and is intended to be implemented in accordance with the teachings of the present invention, as well as the preferred embodiments thereof, together with the following detailed description of the invention given in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic view of the overall structure of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is an enlarged view of a portion of a high voltage test section in the present invention.
Fig. 3 is an enlarged partial cross-sectional view of the compression piston position in the present invention.
Fig. 4 is an enlarged view of a portion of the unequal arm length crank mechanism of the invention.
Fig. 5 is an enlarged partial cross-sectional view of the position of the drive piston in the present invention.
Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of the crank locking mechanism in the present invention.
Fig. 7 is a schematic view of the structure of the starting mechanism in the present invention.
And (3) main component symbol description:
1. a driving tube axial positioning mechanism support; 2. the air storage tank and the driving pipe support are arranged on the air storage tank; 3. a drive section guide rail support; 4. a crank mechanism support; 5. a crank locking mechanism support; 6. a compression section guide rail support; 7. compressing the pipe support; 8. a foundation; 9. a high-pressure test section support; 10. a high-voltage test section positioning mechanism; 11. a high-pressure test section; 12. a high-pressure test section electromagnetic valve; 13. compressing the pipe; 14. a compression piston; 15. compressing the piston connecting rod; 16. a compression section guide rail; 17. a crank limit buffer pad; 18. a crank locking mechanism; 19. a compression section slider; 20. a compression section connecting rod; 21. unequal arm length crank mechanisms; 22. a starting mechanism; 23. a drive section link; 24. a drive section guide rail; 25. a driving section slide block; 26. a driving tube; 27. a gas storage tank; 28. driving a piston connecting rod; 29. driving a piston; 30. driving a pipe electromagnetic valve; 31, a drive tube sealing end cover; 32. a driving tube axial positioning mechanism; 33. a gas storage tank electromagnetic valve; 111. a high pressure test section elastomer; 112. quartz glass observation window; 113. a window mount; 114. a gland; 181. a locking slide block; 182. a compression spring; 183. a limit baffle; 184. a partition plate; 185. a lead screw mounting plate; 186. compressing an adjusting screw rod; 187. a crank locking mechanism housing; 221. starting a slide bar; 222. a starting mechanism cylinder; 223. air inlet and outlet holes of the cylinder body; 224. a piston limiting plate; 225. the slide bar is started to drive the piston.
Detailed Description
The technical scheme of the invention is further described in detail below with reference to the attached drawings and the preferred embodiments.
Referring to fig. 1 to 7, a test device for researching fuel evaporation combustion characteristics in a supercritical environment includes a high-pressure test section positioning mechanism 10, a high-pressure test section 11, a compression pipe 13, a compression piston 14, a compression piston connecting rod 15, a compression section guide rail 16, a crank limit cushion 17, a crank lock mechanism 18, a compression section slider 19, a compression section connecting rod 20, an unequal arm length crank mechanism 21, a drive section connecting rod 23, a drive section guide rail 24, a drive section slider 25, a drive pipe 26, a gas tank 27, a drive piston connecting rod 28, a drive piston 29, and a drive pipe axial positioning mechanism 32.
The high-pressure test section positioning mechanism 10 is fixed on the high-pressure test section support 9, the high-pressure test section 11 is arranged on the high-pressure test section support 9, the compression pipe 13 is arranged on the compression pipe support 7, and the left and right positioning positions of the high-pressure test section 11 and the compression pipe 13 can be adjusted through the high-pressure test section positioning mechanism 10; the compression section guide rail 16 is fixed on the compression section guide rail support 6, the main journal 211 of the unequal arm length crank mechanism 21 is arranged on the main bearing hole 41 of the crank mechanism support 4, and only the degree of freedom of rotation around the central line of the main journal is not restricted, so that the load in the left-right and up-down directions transmitted by the compression piston 14 and the driving piston 29 in the test process can be borne; in addition, in order to enhance the mounting stability of the unequal arm length crank mechanism 21, the auxiliary journals 212 on both outer sides of the unequal arm length crank mechanism 21 are rotatably fitted to the corresponding auxiliary bearing holes 42 on both outer sides of the crank mechanism support 4. The driving section guide rail 24 is fixed on the driving section guide rail support 3; the driving pipe 26 and the air storage tank 27 are fixed on the air storage tank and the driving pipe support 2; the driving tube axial positioning mechanism 32 is fixed on the driving tube axial positioning mechanism support 1, and can bear axial impact load in the test process. The driving tube axial positioning mechanism support 1, the air storage tank and driving tube support 2, the driving section guide rail support 3, the crank mechanism support 4, the compression section guide rail support 6, the compression tube support 7 and the high-pressure test section support 9 are fixedly arranged on the concrete foundation 8 from right to left in sequence through foundation bolts so as to play roles in supporting, positioning and resisting impact load in the test process; the side part of the compression section guide rail support 6 is also provided with a crank locking mechanism support 5 in parallel, the crank locking mechanism support 5 is also arranged on the concrete foundation 8 through foundation bolts, the crank locking mechanism support 5 is provided with a crank locking mechanism 18 and a crank limiting buffer cushion 17, the crank locking mechanism 18 is positioned above the crank limiting buffer cushion 17, and the crank locking mechanism 18 and the crank limiting buffer cushion are matched with each other to clamp and position a long arm side crank arm of the unequal arm length crank mechanism 21 after rotation; in addition, the crank limit cushions 17 are provided in parallel with two in interval to fit the long arm side crank arms 213 of the unequal arm length crank mechanism 21; correspondingly, the unequal arm long crank mechanism 21 has a short arm side crank arm 214 connected to a long arm side crank arm 213 via a main journal 211, and the above-mentioned auxiliary journal 212 is provided at the corresponding crank arm end.
The compression piston 14 is hinged with one end of a compression piston connecting rod 15 through a cylindrical pin, the other end of the compression piston connecting rod 15 is hinged with a compression section sliding block 19 through a cylindrical pin, and the compression section sliding block 19 is embedded into a compression section guide rail 16 and can conduct guiding sliding along the extending direction of the compression section guide rail 16; the other end of the compression section sliding block 19 is hinged with one end of the compression section connecting rod 20 through a cylindrical pin, the other end of the compression section connecting rod 20 is rotatably connected with a short arm side crank pin on a short arm side crank arm 214, a long arm side crank pin on a long arm side crank arm 213 of the unequal arm length crank mechanism 21 is rotatably connected with one end of the driving section connecting rod 23, the other end of the driving section connecting rod 23 is hinged with the driving section sliding block 25 through a cylindrical pin, and the driving section sliding block 25 is embedded into the driving section guide rail 24 and can conduct guiding sliding along the extending direction of the driving section guide rail 24, so that the linear motion of the driving piston 29 is converted into rotary motion of the unequal arm length crank mechanism 21; the other end of the driving section sliding block 25 is hinged with a driving piston connecting rod 28 through a cylindrical pin, and the other end of the driving piston connecting rod 28 is hinged with a driving piston 29 through a cylindrical pin. In this embodiment, the compression section guide rail 16 and the driving section guide rail 24 extend in the left-right direction, and the corresponding compression section slider and driving section slider slide in the left-right direction.
In the present embodiment, the length of the short-arm side crank arm 214 of the unequal-arm-length crank mechanism 21 connected to the compression-section link 20 is smaller than the length of the long-arm side crank arm 213 connected to the drive-section link 23 so that it is easier to push the compression piston, and the ratio of the lengths of the long/short-arm side crank arms can be determined according to the laboratory space arrangement.
The flange end 131 of the compression pipe 13 is connected with the high-pressure test section 11, and the high-pressure test section 11 is axially limited by the high-pressure test section positioning mechanism 10 so as to resist the thrust generated by high-pressure gas in the high-pressure test section 11 to the high-pressure test section, so that the high-pressure test section 11 is kept motionless. Specifically, the high-pressure test section positioning mechanism 10 includes a screw 101 and a screw mounting seat 102 in threaded engagement with the screw, one end of the screw 101 is rotatably connected with the high-pressure test section 11 through a bearing, the other end of the screw 101 is a force application end convenient for rotation adjustment, the screw mounting seat 102 is fixed on the high-pressure test section support 9, and the left and right positioning positions of the high-pressure test section 11 can be adjusted by rotating the screw 101, so that the clearance volume of the compression piston 14 at the top dead center is changed, and the adjustment of the compression ratio is realized. The other end of the compression pipe 13 is placed into the compression piston 14, the driving piston 29 is placed into the driving pipe 26, the compression piston is in sealing sliding fit with the compression pipe, and the driving piston is in sealing sliding fit with the driving pipe. The tail end (right end) of the driving tube 26 is placed in a driving tube sealing end cover 31 and is pressed by a hydraulic driving tube axial positioning mechanism 32, and the air storage tank 27 is communicated with the driving tube 26 through a pipeline 271. In another embodiment, the driving tube axial positioning mechanism 32 may also be axially supported by an existing cylinder or an electric tightening device, which is not limited by the present invention. The air storage tank 27 and the driving pipe 26 are filled with high-pressure air, the driving piston 29 is pushed by the high-pressure air to move towards the direction of the high-pressure test section, the compression piston 14 is indirectly pushed to compress towards the high-pressure test section 11 through the transmission of the unequal arm length crank mechanism 21, and the process can be approximately adiabatic compression, so that a high-temperature and high-pressure environment reaching the critical condition of fuel is generated in the high-pressure test section 11.
In this embodiment, the diameter of the driving piston 29 is larger than that of the compressing piston 14, so that the high-pressure gas in the driving tube 26 can push the driving piston 29 more easily, and the pressure in the driving tube 26 and the air storage tank 27 can be further reduced.
Referring to fig. 2, the high-pressure test section 11 includes a high-pressure test section elastomer 111, a quartz glass observation window 112, a window seat 113, a gland 114, and a high-pressure test section electromagnetic valve 12, wherein the high-pressure test section elastomer 11 has a spherical cavity structure, and a test cavity is formed in the high-pressure test section elastomer 11; two sides of the high-pressure test section elastomer 11 are respectively provided with a quartz glass observation window 112, the quartz glass observation windows 112 are installed in corresponding window seats 113, the window seats 113 are fixed on the corresponding sides of the high-pressure test section elastomer 11 through pressing covers, and the internal cavity test conditions of the high-pressure test section elastomer 11 can be captured by means of a high-speed camera through the quartz glass observation windows 112. The two sides of the top of the high-pressure test section elastomer 11 are respectively provided with an air pipe 115 communicated with the test cavity in the high-pressure test section elastomer 11, each air pipe 115 is provided with a high-pressure test section electromagnetic valve 12, and the high-pressure test section electromagnetic valve 12 is used for controlling the on-off of the air pipe 115 so as to realize the pressure relief and air release functions of the high-pressure test section elastomer 11 after the test.
Further, a driving tube electromagnetic valve 30 for controlling the exhaust of the driving tube is arranged at the right end of the driving tube 26 close to the driving tube axial positioning mechanism, and the driving tube electromagnetic valve 30 is arranged on the driving tube exhaust tube; similarly, an air tank solenoid valve 33 for controlling air tank exhaust is provided on the air tank, and the air tank solenoid valve 33 is provided on the corresponding air tank exhaust pipe.
The crank locking mechanism 18 includes a locking slider 181, a pressing spring 182, a limit stop 183, a partition 184, a screw mounting plate 185, a pressing adjustment screw 186, and a crank locking mechanism housing 187; the crank locking mechanism housing 187 is fixed on the crank locking mechanism support 5, and one end of the compression spring 182 is contacted with the locking slide block 181, and the other end is contacted with the partition 184; the other side of the partition plate 184 is contacted with the compression adjusting screw 186, the pretightening force of the compression spring 182 can be adjusted by rotating the compression adjusting screw 186, the fact that the locking slide block 181 stretches out of the crank locking mechanism shell 187 in a free state is ensured, the crank locking mechanism shell 187 is provided with a limiting step for preventing the locking slide block 181 from continuously pulling out forwards, and the two steps form step limiting fit. The limit stop 183 is located between the locking slide 181 and the partition 184, and is used for limiting the limit position of the partition 184, and the compression adjusting screw 186 is in threaded fit with the screw mounting plate 185, and the screw mounting plate 185 is fixed on the crank locking mechanism housing 187. Under the action of the compression spring 182, the locking slider 181 is in a state of extending out of the crank locking mechanism housing 187, and when the force is applied to the crank locking mechanism housing 187, the locking slider is just completely retracted into the crank locking mechanism housing 187 due to the action of the limit stop 183. The locking slide block 181 extends out of the upper side of the end of the crank locking mechanism housing 187 to form an inclined plane 1811, the lower side is a plane, when the compression piston 14 is compressed to be close to the top dead center position, the long-arm side crank arm of the unequal-arm long-length crank mechanism 21 pushes the locking slide block 181 open to move towards the crank limit cushion 17 through the collision inclined plane 1811, after the compression piston 14 reaches the top dead center, the long-arm side crank arm of the unequal-arm long-length crank mechanism 21 completely passes through the locking slide block 181, at the moment, the crank limit cushion 17 prevents the crank arm from moving forward, meanwhile, the locking slide block 181 returns to the original position under the action of the compression spring 182, and the long-arm side crank arm of the unequal-arm long-length crank mechanism 21 is limited between the crank limit cushion 17 and the locking slide block 181, so that the compression piston 14 is ensured not to rebound, and the high-temperature and high-pressure environment in the high-pressure test section 11 is maintained. The unequal arm length crank mechanism 21 can reduce the speed of the compression piston 14 to zero at the upper dead point position, so that severe impact on the high-pressure test section 11 is avoided, and the driving torque generated by high-pressure gas of the unequal arm length crank mechanism 21 at the upper dead point position is zero, so that the compression piston is more reliable and stable through the locking crank arm in the upper dead point position compared with a mode of directly locking the compression piston, and the consistency of test results is remarkably improved.
Referring to fig. 7, the driving section rail support 3 is provided with a starting mechanism 22, the starting mechanism 22 comprises a starting slide bar 221, a starting mechanism cylinder 222, a cylinder air inlet and outlet hole 223, a piston limiting plate 224 and a starting slide bar driving piston 225, wherein the starting mechanism cylinder 222 is fixed on the side of the driving section rail support 3, the starting slide bar 221 is slidably assembled in the starting mechanism cylinder 222, the front end of the starting slide bar 221 can extend out or retract into the starting mechanism cylinder 222, the starting slide bar driving piston 225 is fixed at the rear end of the starting slide bar 221, the piston limiting plate 224 is fixed at the rear end of the starting mechanism cylinder 222, the end of the starting mechanism cylinder 222 is sealed, and a through hole which is communicated with the inside of the starting mechanism cylinder 222 is formed in the piston limiting plate 224 and is used for exhausting air when the starting slide bar driving piston 225 moves back and forth. The actuating slide rod driving piston 225 can slide back and forth in the inner cavity of the actuating mechanism cylinder 222, and the actuating slide rod driving piston 225 and the inner cavity of the actuating mechanism cylinder 222 are in sliding sealing fit, and the cylinder air inlet and outlet hole 223 is arranged on the actuating mechanism cylinder 222 and is communicated with the inner cavity of the actuating mechanism cylinder 222. Cylinder intake and exhaust ports 223 should be located forward of actuation rod drive piston 225 when actuation rod 221 is in the forward most position.
The test procedure of the invention is as follows:
step 1: the screw 101 of the high-pressure test section positioning mechanism 10 is rotated to adjust the left and right positions of the high-pressure test section 11, and the clearance volume of the compression piston 14 at the top dead center is changed so that the compression ratio reaches a desired value.
Step 2: the scientific tester moves the compression piston 14 and the driving piston 29 to near the bottom dead center by reversely rotating the unequal arm length crank mechanism 21, and as the start position of the test, it should be noted that the start position cannot be the exact bottom dead center position because the driving piston 29 cannot push the unequal arm length crank mechanism 21 to rotate at the bottom dead center. The actuating rod 221 of the actuating mechanism 22 is pushed to the forefront end, and the actuating rod 221 stops the driving section connecting rod 23, so that the rotation of the unequal arm length crank mechanism 21 is stopped when the air storage tank 27 is filled with high-pressure air.
Step 3: the hold-down adjustment screw 186 is rotated to hold down the lock slider 181, ensuring that the lock slider 181 protrudes from the crank lock housing 187.
Step 4: when the gas in the high-pressure test section 11 and the compression pipe 13 is blended, for example, when the combustion test is performed, the gas containing a certain oxygen proportion is needed to be selected, pure nitrogen can be selected when the evaporation time is performed, the initial pressure is determined according to the compression ratio and the test pressure, and the initial pressure can be adjusted to a required value by a vacuum pump or a gas cylinder matched with the exhaust pipe 115.
Step 5: the air compressor is used to charge air in the air storage tank 27, and the pressure value can be determined by the test pressure, the arm length ratio of the unequal arm length crank mechanism 21 and the sectional area ratio of the driving piston 29 and the compression piston 14.
Step 6: in order to ensure safety, scientific research test personnel enter a control room, high-pressure gas is filled into an air inlet and outlet hole 223 of a cylinder body of a starting mechanism through a corresponding electromagnetic valve in a remote control manner, at the moment, the high-pressure gas rapidly pushes a starting slide rod to drive a piston 225 to retreat, further, the starting slide rod 221 is driven to rapidly retreat, the blocking of a driving section connecting rod 23 and an unequal arm length crank mechanism 21 is eliminated, the driving piston 29 rapidly pushes the unequal arm length crank mechanism 21 to rotate through a driving piston connecting rod 28, a driving section sliding block 25 and the driving section connecting rod 23 under the pushing of high-pressure air in a driving pipe 26, and accordingly, the compression piston 14 is pushed to rapidly compress to a high-pressure test section 11 through a compression section connecting rod 20, a compression section sliding block 19 and a compression piston connecting rod 15, the process can be approximately heat-insulating compression, when the high-pressure environment reaching a fuel critical condition can be generated in the high-pressure test section elastomer 111 of the high-pressure test section 11, at the moment, the long arm side of the unequal arm length crank mechanism 21 can be limited between a crank limiting cushion 17 and a locking slide block 181, and the compression piston cannot rebound to keep the high-pressure environment in the high-pressure test section 111.
Step 7: at the quartz glass observation window 112 of the high-pressure test section 11, the evaporation combustion characteristics of the fuel in the supercritical environment were photographed by an automatic trigger method using a high-speed camera. It should be noted that if the fuel injection method is adopted, the fuel is injected into the high-pressure test segment body 111 after compression is completed, and if the hanging drop method is adopted to study the evaporative combustion characteristics of the fuel drops, the fuel drops are required to be placed in front of the gas of the high-pressure test segment 11. The top of the high-pressure test segment body 111 is provided with a connector connected with a corresponding oil sprayer or a liquid drop hanging device, and the connector shown in fig. 2 is in a state of plugging by a plug.
Step 8: after the test is finished, the high-pressure test section electromagnetic valve 12 is opened by remote control, and the high-temperature and high-pressure gas in the high-pressure test section 11 is released. The electromagnetic valve 33 of the air storage tank is opened, the high-pressure air in the air storage tank 27 is released, and after the release of the high-pressure air is completed, the pressing adjusting screw 186 is reversely rotated so as to conveniently retract the locking slide block 181 and prepare for the next test.
It should be noted that, in the foregoing description, it should be understood that the terms "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", and the like indicate an orientation or a positional relationship based on that shown in the drawings, only for convenience of description and simplification of the description, and do not indicate or imply that the apparatus or element to be referred to must have a specific orientation, be configured and operated in a specific orientation, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
The foregoing is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not described in detail in the prior art; any simple modification, equivalent variation and modification of the above embodiments according to the technical substance of the present invention, without departing from the technical scope of the present invention, will still fall within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The test device for researching the fuel evaporation combustion characteristics in the supercritical environment is characterized by comprising a high-pressure test section positioning mechanism, a high-pressure test section, a compression pipe, a compression piston connecting rod, a compression section guide rail, a crank limiting buffer cushion, a crank locking mechanism, a compression section sliding block, a compression section connecting rod, an unequal arm length crank mechanism, a driving section connecting rod, a driving section guide rail, a driving section sliding block, a driving pipe, an air storage tank, a driving piston connecting rod, a driving piston and a driving pipe axial positioning mechanism;
the high-voltage test section comprises a high-voltage test section elastomer and a quartz glass observation window arranged on the high-voltage test section elastomer, one end of the high-voltage test section elastomer is connected with a high-voltage test section positioning mechanism, and the high-voltage test section positioning mechanism is used for adjusting left and right positioning positions of the high-voltage test section; the other end of the high-pressure test section elastomer is connected with the flange end of the compression pipe; the compression piston is arranged in the compression pipe, the compression piston is in sliding seal fit with the compression pipe, the compression piston is hinged with one end of a compression piston connecting rod, the other end of the compression piston connecting rod is hinged with a compression section sliding block, the compression section sliding block is arranged in a compression section guide rail in a sliding way, the other end of the compression section sliding block is hinged with one end of a compression section connecting rod, the other end of the compression section connecting rod is rotationally connected with a short arm side crank arm of an unequal arm length crank mechanism, a main journal of the unequal arm length crank mechanism is arranged on a main bearing hole of a crank mechanism support, the unequal arm length crank mechanism is provided with a short arm side crank arm connected with a long arm side crank arm through the main journal, the long arm side crank arm of the unequal arm length crank mechanism is rotationally connected with one end of a driving section connecting rod, the other end of the driving section connecting rod is hinged with one end of the driving section sliding block, the driving section sliding block is slidably arranged in a driving section guide rail, the other end of the driving section sliding block is hinged with one end of the driving piston connecting rod, the other end of the driving piston connecting rod is hinged with the driving piston, the driving piston is slidably arranged in the driving pipe, the air storage tank is communicated with the driving pipe through a pipeline, and the output end of the driving pipe axial positioning mechanism is abutted with the driving pipe; the crank limiting cushion pad and the crank locking mechanism are arranged on the crank locking mechanism support, and the crank limiting cushion pad is matched with the crank locking mechanism to realize clamping and positioning after the long arm side crank arm rotates.
2. The test device for researching fuel evaporation combustion characteristics under supercritical environment according to claim 1, wherein: the high-voltage test section positioning mechanism is fixed on the high-voltage test section support, the high-voltage test section is arranged on the high-voltage test section support, and the compression pipe is arranged on the compression pipe support; the compression section guide rail is fixed on the compression section guide rail support; the crank locking mechanism support is positioned at the left side of the crank mechanism support; the driving section guide rail is fixed on the driving section guide rail support; the driving pipe and the air storage tank are fixed on the air storage tank and the driving pipe support; the driving tube axial positioning mechanism is fixed on the driving tube axial positioning mechanism support;
the driving tube axial positioning mechanism support, the air storage tank and driving tube support, the driving section guide rail support, the crank mechanism support, the compression section guide rail support, the compression tube support and the high-voltage test section support are fixedly installed on the concrete foundation from right to left in sequence through anchor bolts.
3. The test device for researching fuel evaporation combustion characteristics under supercritical environment according to claim 2, wherein: the high-voltage test section positioning mechanism comprises a screw and a screw mounting seat in threaded fit with the screw, one end of the screw is rotatably connected with a high-voltage test section elastomer of the high-voltage test section through a bearing, the other end of the screw is a force application end convenient to rotate, and the screw mounting seat is fixed on a high-voltage test section support.
4. The test device for researching fuel evaporation combustion characteristics under supercritical environment according to claim 1, wherein: the high-pressure test section elastomer is in a spherical cavity structure, and a test cavity is formed in the high-pressure test section elastomer; two sides of the high-pressure test section elastomer are respectively provided with a quartz glass observation window, two sides of the top of the high-pressure test section elastomer are respectively provided with an air pipe communicated with an internal test cavity of the high-pressure test section elastomer, and the air pipe is provided with a high-pressure test section electromagnetic valve for controlling the on-off of the air pipe.
5. The test device for researching fuel evaporation combustion characteristics under supercritical environment according to claim 1, wherein: a driving pipe electromagnetic valve for controlling the exhaust of the driving pipe is arranged at the right end of the driving pipe close to the driving pipe axial positioning mechanism, and the driving pipe electromagnetic valve is arranged on a corresponding driving pipe exhaust pipe; the gas storage tank is provided with a gas storage tank electromagnetic valve for controlling the gas storage tank to exhaust, and the gas storage tank electromagnetic valve is arranged on the corresponding gas storage tank exhaust pipe.
6. The test device for researching fuel evaporation combustion characteristics under supercritical environment according to claim 1, wherein: the crank locking mechanism comprises a locking slide block, a compression spring, a limit baffle, a baffle plate, a screw rod mounting plate, a compression adjusting screw rod and a crank locking mechanism shell; the crank locking mechanism shell is fixed on the crank locking mechanism support, one end of the compression spring is contacted with the locking slide block, and the other end of the compression spring is contacted with the partition plate; the other side of the partition plate is contacted with the compression adjusting screw rod, the front end of the locking slide block extends out of the crank locking mechanism shell in a free state, the crank locking mechanism shell is provided with a limiting step for preventing the locking slide block from continuing to be pulled out forwards, the limiting baffle is positioned between the locking slide block and the partition plate, the compression adjusting screw rod is in threaded fit with the screw rod mounting plate, and the screw rod mounting plate is fixed on the crank locking mechanism shell;
the upper side of the front end of the locking slide block, which extends out of the crank locking mechanism shell, is provided with an inclined surface, when the compression piston is compressed to be close to the upper dead point, a long arm side crank arm of the unequal arm length crank mechanism pushes the locking slide block by impacting the inclined surface and continuously moves towards the crank limiting buffer cushion; when the compression piston reaches the top dead center, the long-arm side crank arm completely passes through the locking slide block, and at the moment, the crank limiting buffer pad prevents the long-arm side crank arm from continuing to rotate, and meanwhile, the locking slide block is reset under the action of the compression spring, so that the long-arm side crank arm is clamped and limited between the crank limiting buffer pad and the locking slide block.
7. The test device for researching fuel evaporation combustion characteristics under supercritical environment according to claim 2, wherein: the actuating mechanism comprises an actuating slide rod, an actuating mechanism cylinder body, a cylinder body air inlet and outlet hole, a piston limiting plate and an actuating slide rod driving piston, wherein the actuating mechanism cylinder body is fixed on the side part of the actuating mechanism cylinder body, the actuating slide rod is slidably assembled in the actuating mechanism cylinder body, the front end of the actuating slide rod can extend out of or retract back into the actuating mechanism cylinder body, the actuating slide rod driving piston is fixed at the rear end of the actuating slide rod, the piston limiting plate is fixed at the rear end of the actuating mechanism cylinder body, the actuating slide rod driving piston can slide back and forth in an inner cavity of the actuating mechanism cylinder body, the actuating slide rod driving piston is in sliding sealing fit with the inner cavity of the actuating mechanism cylinder body, the cylinder body air inlet and outlet hole is formed in the actuating mechanism cylinder body and is communicated with the inner cavity of the actuating mechanism cylinder body, and when the actuating slide rod is at the foremost position, the cylinder body air inlet and outlet hole is positioned in front of the actuating slide rod driving piston.
8. The test device for researching fuel evaporation combustion characteristics under supercritical environment according to claim 1, wherein: the tail end of the driving tube is placed in a driving tube sealing end cover, and the output end of the driving tube axial positioning mechanism presses the driving tube sealing end cover.
9. The test device for researching fuel evaporation combustion characteristics under supercritical environment according to claim 1, wherein: the diameter of the driving piston is larger than the diameter of the compression piston.
10. The test device for researching fuel evaporation combustion characteristics under supercritical environment according to claim 1, wherein: the top of the high-pressure test section elastomer is provided with an interface connected with an oil sprayer or a liquid drop hanging device.
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