CN114878741A - Test device for researching fuel evaporation combustion characteristics in supercritical environment - Google Patents
Test device for researching fuel evaporation combustion characteristics in supercritical environment Download PDFInfo
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- CN114878741A CN114878741A CN202210668602.9A CN202210668602A CN114878741A CN 114878741 A CN114878741 A CN 114878741A CN 202210668602 A CN202210668602 A CN 202210668602A CN 114878741 A CN114878741 A CN 114878741A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a test device for researching fuel evaporation combustion characteristics in a supercritical environment, which comprises a high-pressure test section positioning mechanism, a high-pressure test section, a compression pipe, a compression piston connecting rod, a compression section guide rail, a crank limiting buffer cushion, a crank locking mechanism, a compression section sliding block, a compression section connecting rod, an unequal arm length crank mechanism, a driving section connecting rod, a driving section guide rail, a driving section sliding block, a driving pipe, an air storage tank, a driving piston connecting rod, a driving piston and a driving pipe axial positioning mechanism, wherein the high-pressure test section positioning mechanism comprises a high-pressure test section positioning mechanism, a compression pipe, a compression piston connecting rod, a compression piston guide rail, a compression section guide rail, a crank limiting buffer cushion, a crank locking mechanism, a compression section sliding block, a compression section connecting rod, an unequal arm length crank mechanism, a driving section connecting rod, a driving section guide rail, a driving section sliding block, a driving pipe, an air storage tank, a driving piston connecting rod, a driving piston and a driving pipe axial positioning mechanism; by means of the technical scheme, the test device capable of researching the fuel evaporative combustion characteristics in the supercritical environment is designed to achieve the purpose that the environmental pressure and the temperature are rapidly increased to the critical conditions of the test fuel, so that relevant test research is conducted under the environmental conditions which are closer to the actual working process of high-pressure combustion power equipment, and the defect that the existing test device is difficult to conduct the evaporative combustion process of the fuel in the supercritical environment is overcome.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of combustion research of aerospace engines and automobile internal combustion engines, in particular to a test device for researching fuel evaporation combustion characteristics in a high-temperature high-pressure supercritical environment.
Background
The combustion chamber environment of power equipment such as liquid rocket engines, gas turbines, pulse detonation engines, liquid fuel ramjet engines, direct injection internal combustion engines and the like all reach the thermodynamic critical condition of injected fuel. The liquid fuel of the high-pressure combustion power plant is injected and atomized into a combustion chamber at a subcritical initial temperature, fuel droplets formed by atomization undergo evaporation, mixing with air, ignition and combustion processes in an environment higher than the critical pressure of the fuel droplets, and rapidly rise in temperature from the subcritical temperature in the life of the fuel droplets, at the moment, the fuel droplets are transferred from the subcritical state to the supercritical state, and the fluid in the supercritical state has a sharp change of physical properties, so that the fluid in the state has a plurality of unique properties, such as viscosity, surface tension, evaporation enthalpy, heat transfer coefficient, solubility and the like, and the physical properties are sharply changed, so that the viscosity and diffusion coefficient of the fluid are close to those of gas, and the fluid has a density close to that of liquid. Therefore, the research on the fuel evaporation combustion characteristics in the supercritical environment is important in the aspects of mastering the combustion mechanism in the actual combustion chamber of the high-pressure combustion power equipment and establishing a high-pressure calculation model. The test equipment seriously restricts the research of high-pressure combustion characteristics in extreme environments such as supercritical conditions, the pressure and the temperature of the test environment must be increased to ensure that the fuel environment reaches the supercritical conditions, the traditional test equipment capable of increasing the pressure and the temperature is provided with a constant-volume combustion bomb, a shock tube and a rapid compressor, the constant-volume combustion bomb adopts a slow pressurization and heating mode to increase the environmental pressure and the temperature, the supercritical conditions are difficult to achieve, and in the aspect of high-temperature and high-pressure test of fuel droplets, the liquid droplet heating and temperature rising process of the method has certain difference compared with the process of directly and instantly exposing atomized droplets to the high-temperature and high-pressure environment. Shock tubes have not been suitable for spray and droplet tests due to flow in the tube and short retention time at high temperature and high pressure. The traditional rapid compressor has a small compression ratio, and the problem of piston stopping seriously influences the maintenance of test pressure and temperature. Therefore, the existing test device is difficult to develop the evaporative combustion process of the fuel in the supercritical environment, and more perfect high-pressure combustion test equipment needs to be designed and developed so as to realize that the environmental pressure and the temperature are quickly increased to the critical condition of the test fuel, thereby developing related test research under the environmental condition which is closer to the actual working process of the high-pressure combustion power equipment.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the existing test equipment capable of generating high-temperature and high-pressure environments, the invention provides a test device for generating high-temperature and high-pressure environments based on rapid compression, so as to realize the research on the evaporative combustion characteristics of fuels under the supercritical condition.
The purpose of the invention and the technical problem to be solved are realized by adopting the following technical scheme. The test device for researching the fuel evaporation combustion characteristics in the supercritical environment comprises a high-pressure test section positioning mechanism, a high-pressure test section, a compression pipe, a compression piston connecting rod, a compression section guide rail, a crank limiting buffer cushion, a crank locking mechanism, a compression section sliding block, a compression section connecting rod, an unequal arm length crank mechanism, a driving section connecting rod, a driving section guide rail, a driving section sliding block, a driving pipe, an air storage tank, a driving piston connecting rod, a driving piston and a driving pipe axial positioning mechanism;
the high-voltage test section comprises a high-voltage test section projectile body and a quartz glass observation window arranged on the high-voltage test section projectile body, one end of the high-voltage test section projectile body is connected with the high-voltage test section positioning mechanism, and the high-voltage test section positioning mechanism is used for adjusting the left and right positioning positions of the high-voltage test section; the other end of the high-pressure test section elastomer is connected with the flange end of the compression pipe; the compression piston is arranged in the compression pipe, the compression piston is in sliding sealing fit with the compression pipe, the compression piston is hinged with one end of a compression piston connecting rod, the other end of the compression piston connecting rod is hinged with a compression section sliding block, the compression section sliding block is arranged in a compression section guide rail in a sliding way, the other end of the compression section sliding block is hinged with one end of a compression section connecting rod, the other end of the compression section connecting rod is rotatably connected with a short arm side crank arm of the unequal arm length crank mechanism, a main journal of the unequal arm length crank mechanism is arranged on a main bearing hole of a crank mechanism support, a long arm side crank arm of the unequal arm length crank mechanism is rotatably connected with one end of a driving section connecting rod, the other end of the driving section connecting rod is hinged with one end of a driving section sliding block, the driving section sliding block is arranged in a driving section guide rail in a sliding way, the other end of the driving section sliding block is hinged with one end of a driving piston connecting rod, and the other end of the driving piston connecting rod is hinged with a driving piston, the driving piston is arranged in the driving pipe in a sliding mode, the air storage tank is communicated with the driving pipe through a pipeline, and the output end of the axial positioning mechanism of the driving pipe is abutted to the driving pipe; the crank limiting cushion pad and the crank locking mechanism are arranged on the crank locking mechanism support, and the crank limiting cushion pad is matched with the crank locking mechanism to realize clamping and positioning after the long-arm side crank arm rotates.
Furthermore, the high-pressure test section positioning mechanism is fixed on a high-pressure test section support, the high-pressure test section is arranged on the high-pressure test section support, and the compression pipe is arranged on the compression pipe support; the compression section guide rail is fixed on the compression section guide rail support; the crank locking mechanism support is positioned on the left side of the crank mechanism support; the driving section guide rail is fixed on the driving section guide rail support; the driving pipe and the gas storage tank are fixed on the gas storage tank and the driving pipe support; the driving pipe axial positioning mechanism is fixed on the driving pipe axial positioning mechanism support;
the driving pipe axial positioning mechanism support, the gas storage tank, the driving pipe support, the driving section guide rail support, the crank mechanism support, the compression section guide rail support, the compression pipe support and the high-pressure test section support are all fixedly installed on the concrete foundation from right to left in sequence through foundation bolts.
Furthermore, high-pressure test section positioning mechanism includes the lead screw and with this lead screw thread fit's lead screw mount pad, the one end of lead screw passes through the bearing with the high-pressure test section elastomer of high-pressure test section and rotates and be connected, the other end of lead screw is for the application of force end of rotation, the lead screw mount pad is fixed on high-pressure test section support for being convenient for.
Furthermore, the high-pressure test section projectile body is of a spherical cavity structure, and a test cavity is formed inside the high-pressure test section projectile body; the two sides of the high-pressure test section projectile body are respectively provided with a quartz glass observation window, the two sides of the top of the high-pressure test section projectile body are respectively provided with an air pipe communicated with the internal test cavity of the high-pressure test section projectile body, and the air pipe is provided with a high-pressure test section electromagnetic valve for controlling the on-off of the air pipe.
Furthermore, a driving pipe electromagnetic valve for controlling the driving pipe to exhaust is arranged at the right end of the driving pipe close to the axial positioning mechanism of the driving pipe, and the driving pipe electromagnetic valve is arranged on the corresponding driving pipe exhaust pipe; the air storage tank is provided with an air storage tank electromagnetic valve for controlling air exhaust of the air storage tank, and the air storage tank electromagnetic valve 33 is arranged on the corresponding air storage tank exhaust pipe.
Further, the crank locking mechanism comprises a locking slide block, a compression spring, a limit baffle, a partition plate, a lead screw mounting plate, a compression adjusting lead screw and a crank locking mechanism shell; the crank locking mechanism shell is fixed on the crank locking mechanism support, one end of the compression spring is in contact with the locking slide block, and the other end of the compression spring is in contact with the partition plate; the other side of the partition plate is in contact with the compression adjusting screw, the front end of the locking sliding block extends out of the crank locking mechanism shell in a free state, the crank locking mechanism shell is provided with a limiting step for preventing the locking sliding block from continuously falling off forwards, the limiting baffle is positioned between the locking sliding block and the partition plate, the compression adjusting screw is in threaded fit with the screw mounting plate, and the screw mounting plate is fixed on the crank locking mechanism shell;
the upper side of the front end of the locking sliding block extending out of the crank locking mechanism shell is an inclined plane, and when the compression piston is compressed to a position close to the top dead center, a long arm side crank arm of the crank mechanism with unequal arm length pushes away the locking sliding block by impacting the inclined plane and continues to move towards the direction of the crank limiting buffer pad; when the compression piston reaches the top dead center, the long arm side crank arm completely passes through the locking slide block, the crank limit cushion block prevents the long arm side crank arm from continuing to rotate, and meanwhile, the locking slide block resets under the action of the compression spring, so that the long arm side crank arm is clamped and limited between the crank limit cushion block and the locking slide block.
Furthermore, a starting mechanism is arranged on the driving section guide rail support and comprises a starting slide rod, a starting mechanism cylinder body, a cylinder body air inlet and outlet hole, a piston limiting plate and a starting slide rod driving piston, wherein the starting mechanism cylinder body is fixed on the side portion of the driving section guide rail support, the starting slide rod is assembled in the starting mechanism cylinder body in a sliding mode, the front end of the starting slide rod can extend out of or retract into the starting mechanism cylinder body, the starting slide rod driving piston is fixed at the rear end of the starting slide rod, the piston limiting plate is fixed at the rear end of the starting mechanism cylinder body, the starting slide rod driving piston can slide back and forth in an inner cavity of the starting mechanism cylinder body, the starting slide rod driving piston is matched with the inner cavity of the starting mechanism cylinder body in a sliding sealing mode, and the cylinder body air inlet and outlet hole is formed in the starting mechanism cylinder body and communicated with the inner cavity of the starting mechanism cylinder body.
Furthermore, the tail end of the driving tube is placed into the driving tube sealing end cover, and the output end of the driving tube axial positioning mechanism compresses the driving tube sealing end cover.
Further, the diameter of the driving piston is larger than that of the compression piston.
Furthermore, the top of the high-pressure test section projectile body is provided with an interface connected with a fuel injector or a liquid drop hanging device.
By means of the technical scheme, the test device capable of researching the fuel evaporative combustion characteristics in the supercritical environment is designed to achieve the purpose that the environmental pressure and the temperature are rapidly increased to the critical conditions of the test fuel, so that relevant test research is conducted under the environmental conditions which are closer to the actual working process of high-pressure combustion power equipment, and the defect that the existing test device is difficult to conduct the evaporative combustion process of the fuel in the supercritical environment is overcome.
The foregoing description is only an overview of the technical solutions of the present invention, and in order to make the technical means of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention may be implemented in accordance with the content of the description, and in order to make the above and other objects, features, and advantages of the present invention more clearly understandable, the following preferred embodiments are described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic view of the overall structure of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a partially enlarged view of a high-pressure test section in the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a partially enlarged sectional view of the position of the compression piston in the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a partially enlarged view of the crank mechanism of unequal arm length according to the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a partially enlarged sectional view of the position of the driving piston in the present invention.
Fig. 6 is a schematic view of the crank lock mechanism of the present invention.
Fig. 7 is a schematic view of the structure of the actuating mechanism of the present invention.
Description of main component symbols:
1. a driving pipe axial positioning mechanism support; 2. the air storage tank and the driving pipe support; 3. a drive section guide rail support; 4. a crank mechanism support; 5. a crank locking mechanism support; 6. a compression section guide rail support; 7. a compression tube support; 8. a foundation; 9. a high-voltage test section support; 10. a high-voltage test section positioning mechanism; 11. a high-pressure test section; 12. a high-pressure test section electromagnetic valve; 13. compressing the tube; 14. a compression piston; 15. a compression piston connecting rod; 16. compressing the section guide rail; 17. a crank limit buffer pad; 18. a crank locking mechanism; 19. a compression section slider; 20. a compression section connecting rod; 21. a crank mechanism with unequal arm lengths; 22. a starting mechanism; 23. a drive section connecting rod; 24. a drive section guide rail; 25. a drive section slider; 26. a drive tube; 27. a gas storage tank; 28. a drive piston connecting rod; 29. a drive piston; 30. a drive tube solenoid valve; 31, driving a tube sealing end cover; 32. the driving pipe axial positioning mechanism; 33. a gas storage tank solenoid valve; 111. high-pressure test section projectile bodies; 112. a quartz glass observation window; 113. a window seat; 114. a gland; 181. a locking slide block; 182. a compression spring; 183. a limit baffle; 184. a partition plate; 185. a lead screw mounting plate; 186. pressing the adjusting screw rod; 187. a crank locking mechanism housing; 221. starting the sliding rod; 222. starting the mechanism cylinder; 223. the cylinder body is provided with an air inlet and an air outlet; 224. a piston limit plate; 225. the sliding rod is actuated to drive the piston.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and preferred embodiments.
Referring to fig. 1 to 7, a test device for studying evaporative combustion characteristics of fuel in a supercritical environment comprises a high-pressure test section positioning mechanism 10, a high-pressure test section 11, a compression pipe 13, a compression piston 14, a compression piston connecting rod 15, a compression section guide rail 16, a crank limit cushion 17, a crank locking mechanism 18, a compression section sliding block 19, a compression section connecting rod 20, an unequal arm length crank mechanism 21, a driving section connecting rod 23, a driving section guide rail 24, a driving section sliding block 25, a driving pipe 26, an air storage tank 27, a driving piston connecting rod 28, a driving piston 29 and a driving pipe axial positioning mechanism 32.
The high-pressure test section positioning mechanism 10 is fixed on the high-pressure test section support 9, the high-pressure test section 11 is arranged on the high-pressure test section support 9, the compression pipe 13 is arranged on the compression pipe support 7, and the left and right positioning positions of the high-pressure test section 11 and the compression pipe 13 can be adjusted through the high-pressure test section positioning mechanism 10; the compression section guide rail 16 is fixed on the compression section guide rail support 6, the main journal 211 of the crank mechanism 21 with different arm lengths is arranged on the main bearing hole 41 of the crank mechanism support 4, only the degree of freedom of rotation around the central line of the main journal is not restricted, and the compression section guide rail can bear loads in the left-right direction and the up-down direction transmitted by the compression piston 14 and the driving piston 29 in the test process; in addition, in order to enhance the mounting stability of the unequal arm length crank mechanism 21, the auxiliary shaft necks 212 on both outer sides of the unequal arm length crank mechanism 21 are rotatably fitted to the corresponding auxiliary bearing holes 42 on both outer sides of the crank mechanism holder 4. The driving section guide rail 24 is fixed on the driving section guide rail support 3; the driving pipe 26 and the air storage tank 27 are fixed on the air storage tank and driving pipe support 2; the driving pipe axial positioning mechanism 32 is fixed on the driving pipe axial positioning mechanism support 1 and can bear axial impact load in the test process. The driving pipe axial positioning mechanism support 1, the gas storage tank and driving pipe support 2, the driving section guide rail support 3, the crank mechanism support 4, the compression section guide rail support 6, the compression pipe support 7 and the high-pressure test section support 9 are fixedly arranged on a concrete foundation 8 from right to left in sequence through foundation bolts so as to play roles in supporting, positioning and resisting impact load in the test process; a crank locking mechanism support 5 is arranged on the side portion of the compression section guide rail support 6 in parallel, the crank locking mechanism support 5 is also installed on a concrete foundation 8 through foundation bolts, a crank locking mechanism 18 and a crank limiting cushion pad 17 are arranged on the crank locking mechanism support 5, the crank locking mechanism 18 is located above the crank limiting cushion pad 17, and the crank locking mechanism 18 and the crank limiting cushion pad are matched to clamp and position a long-arm side crank arm of the crank locking mechanism after the crank locking mechanism 21 with different arm lengths rotates; in addition, two crank limit cushions 17 are arranged in parallel at intervals to fit the long arm side crank arms 213 of the crank mechanisms 21 with different arm lengths; correspondingly, the variable arm crank mechanism 21 includes a short arm side crank arm 214 connected to a long arm side crank arm 213 via a main journal 211, and the sub journal 212 is provided at the corresponding crank arm end.
The compression piston 14 is hinged with one end of a compression piston connecting rod 15 through a cylindrical pin, the other end of the compression piston connecting rod 15 is hinged with a compression section sliding block 19 through a cylindrical pin, and the compression section sliding block 19 is embedded into a compression section guide rail 16 and can slide in a guiding manner along the extension direction of the compression section guide rail 16; the other end of the compression section sliding block 19 is hinged with one end of a compression section connecting rod 20 through a cylindrical pin, the other end of the compression section connecting rod 20 is rotatably connected with a short arm side crank pin on a short arm side crank arm 214, a long arm side crank pin on a long arm side crank arm 213 of the unequal arm long crank mechanism 21 is rotatably connected with one end of a driving section connecting rod 23, the other end of the driving section connecting rod 23 is hinged with a driving section sliding block 25 through a cylindrical pin, and the driving section sliding block 25 is embedded into a driving section guide rail 24 and can perform guiding sliding along the extending direction of the driving section guide rail 24, so that the linear motion of the driving piston 29 is converted into the rotary motion of the unequal arm long crank mechanism 21; the other end of the driving section sliding block 25 is hinged with a driving piston connecting rod 28 through a cylindrical pin, and the other end of the driving piston connecting rod 28 is hinged with a driving piston 29 through a cylindrical pin. In this embodiment, the compression section guide rail 16 and the driving section guide rail 24 extend in the left-right direction, and the corresponding compression section slider and driving section slider slide in the left-right direction.
In the present embodiment, the length of the short arm side crank arm 214 of the unequal arm length crank mechanism 21 connected to the compression section connecting rod 20 is shorter than the length of the long arm side crank arm 213 connected to the drive section connecting rod 23 so that it is easier to push the compression piston, and the ratio of the lengths of the long/short arm side crank arms can be determined according to the laboratory space arrangement.
The flange end 131 of the compression pipe 13 is connected with the high-pressure test section 11, and the high-pressure test section 11 is axially limited by the high-pressure test section positioning mechanism 10 so as to resist the thrust generated by high-pressure gas in the high-pressure test section 11 and keep the high-pressure test section stationary. Specifically, the high-pressure test section positioning mechanism 10 comprises a lead screw 101 and a lead screw mounting seat 102 in threaded fit with the lead screw, one end of the lead screw 101 is rotatably connected with the high-pressure test section 11 through a bearing, the other end of the lead screw 101 is a force application end convenient for rotation adjustment, the lead screw mounting seat 102 is fixed on the high-pressure test section support 9, the left and right positioning positions of the high-pressure test section 11 can be adjusted by rotating the lead screw 101, and therefore the clearance volume of the compression piston 14 at the top dead center is changed, and the compression ratio is adjusted. The other end of the compression pipe 13 is provided with a compression piston 14, a driving piston 29 is arranged in the driving pipe 26, the compression piston is in sealing sliding fit with the compression pipe, and the driving piston is in sealing sliding fit with the driving pipe. The tail end (right end) of the driving pipe 26 is arranged in a driving pipe sealing end cover 31 and is pressed tightly by a hydraulic driving pipe axial positioning mechanism 32, and the air storage tank 27 is communicated with the driving pipe 26 through a pipeline 271. In another embodiment, the driving tube axial positioning mechanism 32 may also be axially supported by an existing air cylinder or an electric jacking device, which is not limited by the invention. The gas storage tank 27 and the driving pipe 26 are filled with high-pressure gas, the driving piston 29 is pushed by the high-pressure gas to rapidly move towards the high-pressure test section, the compression piston 14 is indirectly pushed to rapidly compress towards the high-pressure test section 11 through the transmission of the crank mechanism 21 with unequal arm lengths, and the process can be approximate to adiabatic compression, so that a high-temperature high-pressure environment reaching the critical condition of fuel is generated in the high-pressure test section 11.
In this embodiment, the diameter of the driving piston 29 is larger than that of the compression piston 14, so that the high-pressure gas in the driving pipe 26 can more easily push the driving piston 29, and the pressure in the driving pipe 26 and the air storage tank 27 can be further reduced.
Referring to fig. 2, the high-pressure test section 11 includes a high-pressure test section projectile body 111, a quartz glass observation window 112, a window seat 113, a gland 114 and a high-pressure test section electromagnetic valve 12, the high-pressure test section projectile body 11 is in a spherical cavity structure, and a test cavity is formed inside the high-pressure test section projectile body 11; the two sides of the high-voltage test section projectile body 11 are respectively provided with a quartz glass observation window 112, the quartz glass observation windows 112 are installed in corresponding window seats 113, the window seats 113 are fixed on the corresponding sides of the high-voltage test section projectile body 11 through pressing covers, and the internal cavity test condition of the high-voltage test section projectile body 11 can be captured through the quartz glass observation windows 112 by means of a high-speed camera. The two sides of the top of the high-pressure test section projectile body 11 are respectively provided with an air pipe 115 communicated with a test cavity in the high-pressure test section projectile body 11, each air pipe 115 is provided with a high-pressure test section electromagnetic valve 12, the high-pressure test section electromagnetic valves 12 are used for controlling the on-off of the air pipes 115, and the pressure relief and air release functions of the high-pressure test section projectile body 11 are achieved after the test.
Further, a driving pipe electromagnetic valve 30 for controlling the exhaust of the driving pipe is arranged at the right end of the driving pipe 26 close to the axial positioning mechanism of the driving pipe, and the driving pipe electromagnetic valve 30 is arranged on the exhaust pipe of the driving pipe; similarly, a tank solenoid valve 33 for controlling the exhaust of the tank is provided on the tank, and the tank solenoid valve 33 is provided on the corresponding tank exhaust pipe.
The crank locking mechanism 18 comprises a locking slide block 181, a compression spring 182, a limit baffle 183, a partition 184, a lead screw mounting plate 185, a compression adjusting lead screw 186 and a crank locking mechanism shell 187; a crank locking mechanism housing 187 is fixed on the crank locking mechanism support 5, one end of the compression spring 182 is in contact with the locking slider 181, and the other end is in contact with the partition 184; the other side of the partition 184 is in contact with the pressing adjusting screw 186, the pretightening force of the pressing spring 182 can be adjusted by rotating the pressing adjusting screw 186, the locking slider 181 is ensured to extend out of the crank locking mechanism housing 187 in a free state, and the crank locking mechanism housing 187 is provided with a limiting step for preventing the locking slider 181 from continuously moving forwards, so that the locking slider 181 and the crank locking mechanism housing form step limiting matching. The limiting baffle 183 is located between the locking slide block 181 and the partition 184 and used for limiting the limit position of the partition 184, the pressing adjusting screw 186 is in threaded fit with the screw mounting plate 185, and the screw mounting plate 185 is fixed on the crank locking mechanism shell 187. The locking slide 181 is in an initial position of extending out of the crank lock housing 187 under the action of the pressing spring 182, and when the locking slide is forced to retract, the locking slide can just retract to the crank lock housing 187 completely due to the action of the limit baffle 183. The upper side of the end of the locking slider 181 extending out of the crank locking mechanism housing 187 is an inclined surface 1811, the lower side is a plane, when the compression piston 14 is compressed to a position close to the top dead center, the long arm side crank arm of the unequal arm long crank mechanism 21 pushes the locking slider 181 open by striking the inclined surface 1811 to continue moving towards the crank limit cushion 17, when the compression piston 14 reaches the top dead center, the long arm side crank arm of the unequal arm long crank mechanism 21 has completely passed through the locking slider 181, at this time, the crank limit cushion 17 prevents the crank arm from continuing to advance, and at the same time, the locking slider 181 has returned to the original position under the action of the compression spring 182, and the long arm side crank arm of the unequal arm long crank mechanism 21 is limited between the crank limit cushion 17 and the locking slider 181, thereby ensuring that the compression piston 14 does not rebound to maintain the high-temperature and high-pressure environment in the high-pressure test section 11. The unequal arm length crank mechanism 21 can enable the speed of the compression piston 14 to be reduced to zero at the top dead center position, severe impact on the high-pressure test section 11 is avoided, and the unequal arm length crank mechanism 21 is zero in driving torque generated by high-pressure gas at the top dead center position, so that the mode of directly locking the compression piston is more reliable and stable through the locking crank arm at the top dead center, and the consistency of test results is obviously improved.
Referring to fig. 7, the actuating mechanism 22 is disposed on the driving section rail support 3, and the actuating mechanism 22 includes an actuating slide rod 221, an actuating mechanism cylinder 222, a cylinder air inlet and outlet hole 223, a piston limit plate 224, and an actuating slide rod driving piston 225, where the actuating mechanism cylinder 222 is fixed on a side portion of the driving section rail support 3, the actuating slide rod 221 is slidably assembled in the actuating mechanism cylinder 222, and a front end of the actuating slide rod 221 can extend out of or retract into the actuating mechanism cylinder 222, the actuating slide rod driving piston 225 is fixed at a rear end of the actuating slide rod 221, the piston limit plate 224 is fixed at a rear end of the actuating mechanism cylinder 222 to seal an end portion of the actuating mechanism cylinder 222, and the piston limit plate 224 is disposed with a through hole communicated with an interior of the actuating mechanism cylinder 222 for air suction or exhaust when the actuating slide rod driving piston 225 moves back and forth. The starting slide rod driving piston 225 can slide back and forth in the inner cavity of the starting mechanism cylinder 222, the starting slide rod driving piston 225 and the inner cavity of the starting mechanism cylinder 222 are in sliding sealing fit, and the cylinder air inlet and outlet hole 223 is formed in the starting mechanism cylinder 222 and is communicated with the inner cavity of the starting mechanism cylinder 222. When the starting slide rod 221 is at the foremost position, the cylinder air inlet and outlet hole 223 should be located in front of the starting slide rod driving piston 225.
The test process of the invention is as follows:
step 1: the lead screw 101 of the high-pressure test section positioning mechanism 10 is rotated to adjust the left and right positions of the high-pressure test section 11, and the clearance volume of the compression piston 14 at the top dead center is changed, so that the compression ratio reaches a required value.
Step 2: scientific experimenters enable the compression piston 14 and the driving piston 29 to move to be close to the bottom dead center by reversely rotating the unequal arm length crank mechanism 21, and as the starting position of the experiment, it is to be noted that the starting position cannot be the right bottom dead center position because the driving piston 29 cannot push the unequal arm length crank mechanism 21 to rotate at the bottom dead center. The starting slide rod 221 of the starting mechanism 22 is pushed to the forefront end, the starting slide rod 221 stops the driving section connecting rod 23, and further the crank mechanism 21 with unequal arm length is stopped from rotating when the high-pressure gas is filled into the gas storage tank 27.
And step 3: the hold-down adjustment screw 186 is rotated to hold down the lock slide 181, ensuring that the lock slide 181 extends out of the crank lock housing 187.
And 4, step 4: the gas in the high-pressure test section 11 and the compression pipe 13 is prepared, for example, when a combustion test is carried out, gas containing a certain proportion of oxygen needs to be selected, when evaporation time is carried out, pure nitrogen can be selected, the initial pressure is determined according to the compression ratio and the test pressure, and the initial pressure can be adjusted to a required value by a vacuum pump or a gas cylinder in cooperation with the exhaust pipe 115.
And 5: the air compressor is used for injecting air with certain pressure into the air storage tank 27, and the pressure value can be determined by the test pressure, the arm length ratio of the crank mechanism 21 with different arm lengths and the section area ratio of the driving piston 29 and the compression piston 14.
Step 6: in order to ensure safety, scientific research testers enter a control room, high-pressure gas is filled into the air inlet and outlet holes 223 of the starting mechanism cylinder body through a corresponding electromagnetic valve under remote control, at the moment, the high-pressure gas quickly pushes the starting slide rod to drive the piston 225 to retreat, further drives the starting slide rod 221 to quickly retreat, eliminates the blocking to the driving section connecting rod 23 and the unequal arm length crank mechanism 21, drives the piston 29 to quickly push the unequal arm length crank mechanism 21 to rotate through the driving piston connecting rod 28, the driving section sliding block 25 and the driving section connecting rod 23 under the pushing of the high-pressure air in the driving pipe 26, so that the compression piston 14 is pushed to quickly compress towards the high-pressure test section 11 through the compression section connecting rod 20, the compression section sliding block 19 and the compression piston connecting rod 15, the process can be approximately adiabatic compression, and when the compression top dead center position is reached, a high-temperature high-pressure environment reaching the fuel critical condition can be generated in the high-pressure test section projectile body 111 of the high-pressure test section 11, at this time, the long arm side crank arm of the unequal arm long crank mechanism 21 is limited between the crank limit cushion 17 and the locking slider 181, and the compression piston cannot rebound, so that the high-temperature and high-pressure environment inside the high-pressure test section projectile body 111 is maintained.
And 7: at the quartz glass observation window 112 of the high-pressure test section 11, the evaporative combustion characteristics of the fuel in the supercritical environment were photographed by using a high-speed camera in an auto-triggering manner. It should be noted that if the fuel injection is performed after the compression is completed, the fuel is injected into the high-pressure test section body 111, and if the evaporative combustion characteristics of the fuel droplets are studied by the hanging drop method, the fuel droplets are inserted before the gas in the high-pressure test section 11 is prepared. The top of the high-pressure test section projectile body 111 is provided with an interface connected with a corresponding fuel injector or a droplet hanging device, and the interface shown in fig. 2 is in a state of being blocked by a plug.
And step 8: after the test is finished, the high-pressure test section electromagnetic valve 12 is opened through remote control, and high-temperature and high-pressure gas in the high-pressure test section 11 is released. And opening the electromagnetic valve 33 of the air storage tank, releasing the high-pressure air in the air storage tank 27, and after the high-pressure air is released, reversely rotating to compress the adjusting screw rod 186 so as to conveniently withdraw the locking slide block 181 to prepare for the next test.
It should be noted that, in the above description, it is to be understood that the terms "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, but do not indicate or imply that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed in a specific orientation, and be operated, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not detailed in the prior art; any simple modification, equivalent change and modification of the above embodiments according to the technical essence of the present invention will still fall within the scope of the technical solution of the present invention by those skilled in the art without departing from the technical solution of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A test device for researching fuel evaporation combustion characteristics in a supercritical environment is characterized by comprising a high-pressure test section positioning mechanism, a high-pressure test section, a compression pipe, a compression piston connecting rod, a compression section guide rail, a crank limiting buffer cushion, a crank locking mechanism, a compression section sliding block, a compression section connecting rod, an unequal arm length crank mechanism, a driving section connecting rod, a driving section guide rail, a driving section sliding block, a driving pipe, an air storage tank, a driving piston connecting rod, a driving piston and a driving pipe axial positioning mechanism;
the high-voltage test section comprises a high-voltage test section projectile body and a quartz glass observation window arranged on the high-voltage test section projectile body, one end of the high-voltage test section projectile body is connected with the high-voltage test section positioning mechanism, and the high-voltage test section positioning mechanism is used for adjusting the left and right positioning positions of the high-voltage test section; the other end of the high-pressure test section elastomer is connected with the flange end of the compression pipe; the compression piston is arranged in the compression pipe, the compression piston is in sliding sealing fit with the compression pipe, the compression piston is hinged with one end of a compression piston connecting rod, the other end of the compression piston connecting rod is hinged with a compression section sliding block, the compression section sliding block is arranged in a compression section guide rail in a sliding way, the other end of the compression section sliding block is hinged with one end of a compression section connecting rod, the other end of the compression section connecting rod is rotatably connected with a short arm side crank arm of the unequal arm length crank mechanism, a main journal of the unequal arm length crank mechanism is arranged on a main bearing hole of a crank mechanism support, a long arm side crank arm of the unequal arm length crank mechanism is rotatably connected with one end of a driving section connecting rod, the other end of the driving section connecting rod is hinged with one end of a driving section sliding block, the driving section sliding block is arranged in a driving section guide rail in a sliding way, the other end of the driving section sliding block is hinged with one end of a driving piston connecting rod, and the other end of the driving piston connecting rod is hinged with a driving piston, the driving piston is arranged in the driving pipe in a sliding mode, the air storage tank is communicated with the driving pipe through a pipeline, and the output end of the axial positioning mechanism of the driving pipe is abutted to the driving pipe; the crank limiting cushion pad and the crank locking mechanism are arranged on the crank locking mechanism support, and the crank limiting cushion pad is matched with the crank locking mechanism to realize clamping and positioning after the long-arm side crank arm rotates.
2. The experimental device for studying the evaporative combustion characteristics of fuel in the supercritical environment according to claim 1, wherein: the high-pressure test section positioning mechanism is fixed on a high-pressure test section support, the high-pressure test section is arranged on the high-pressure test section support, and the compression pipe is arranged on the compression pipe support; the compression section guide rail is fixed on the compression section guide rail support; the crank locking mechanism support is positioned on the left side of the crank mechanism support; the driving section guide rail is fixed on the driving section guide rail support; the driving pipe and the gas storage tank are fixed on the gas storage tank and the driving pipe support; the driving pipe axial positioning mechanism is fixed on the driving pipe axial positioning mechanism support;
the driving pipe axial positioning mechanism support, the gas storage tank, the driving pipe support, the driving section guide rail support, the crank mechanism support, the compression section guide rail support, the compression pipe support and the high-pressure test section support are all fixedly installed on the concrete foundation from right to left in sequence through foundation bolts.
3. The experimental device for studying evaporative combustion characteristics of fuel in a supercritical environment as claimed in claim 2, wherein: high-pressure test section positioning mechanism includes lead screw and with this lead screw thread fit's lead screw mount pad, the one end of lead screw passes through the bearing rotation with the high-pressure test section elastomer of high-pressure test section and is connected, the other end of lead screw is for the application of force end of rotation, the lead screw mount pad is fixed on high-pressure test section support for being convenient for.
4. The experimental device for studying the evaporative combustion characteristics of fuel in the supercritical environment according to claim 1, wherein: the high-pressure test section projectile body is of a spherical cavity structure, and a test cavity is formed inside the high-pressure test section projectile body; the two sides of the high-pressure test section projectile body are respectively provided with a quartz glass observation window, the two sides of the top of the high-pressure test section projectile body are respectively provided with an air pipe communicated with the internal test cavity of the high-pressure test section projectile body, and the air pipe is provided with a high-pressure test section electromagnetic valve for controlling the on-off of the air pipe.
5. The experimental device for studying the evaporative combustion characteristics of fuel in the supercritical environment according to claim 1, wherein: a driving pipe electromagnetic valve for controlling the driving pipe to exhaust is arranged at the right end of the driving pipe close to the driving pipe axial positioning mechanism, and the driving pipe electromagnetic valve is arranged on a corresponding driving pipe exhaust pipe; the air storage tank is provided with an air storage tank electromagnetic valve for controlling air exhaust of the air storage tank, and the air storage tank electromagnetic valve 33 is arranged on the corresponding air storage tank exhaust pipe.
6. The experimental device for studying the evaporative combustion characteristics of fuel in the supercritical environment according to claim 1, wherein: the crank locking mechanism comprises a locking sliding block, a compression spring, a limiting baffle, a partition plate, a lead screw mounting plate, a compression adjusting lead screw and a crank locking mechanism shell; the crank locking mechanism shell is fixed on the crank locking mechanism support, one end of the compression spring is in contact with the locking slide block, and the other end of the compression spring is in contact with the partition plate; the other side of the partition plate is in contact with the compression adjusting screw, the front end of the locking sliding block extends out of the crank locking mechanism shell in a free state, the crank locking mechanism shell is provided with a limiting step for preventing the locking sliding block from continuously falling off forwards, the limiting baffle is positioned between the locking sliding block and the partition plate, the compression adjusting screw is in threaded fit with the screw mounting plate, and the screw mounting plate is fixed on the crank locking mechanism shell;
the upper side of the locking slide block, which extends out of the front end of the crank locking mechanism shell, is an inclined plane, and when the compression piston is compressed to a position close to the top dead center, a long arm side crank arm of the crank mechanism with unequal arm length pushes away the locking slide block by impacting the inclined plane and continues to move towards the direction of the crank limiting cushion pad; when the compression piston reaches a top dead center, the long arm side crank arm completely passes through the locking slide block, the crank limit cushion prevents the long arm side crank arm from continuing to rotate, and meanwhile, the locking slide block resets under the action of the pressing spring, so that the long arm side crank arm is clamped and limited between the crank limit cushion and the locking slide block.
7. The experimental device for studying the evaporative combustion characteristics of fuel in the supercritical environment according to claim 2, wherein: the starting mechanism is arranged on the driving section guide rail support and comprises a starting slide rod, a starting mechanism cylinder body, a cylinder body air inlet and outlet hole, a piston limiting plate and a starting slide rod driving piston, wherein the starting mechanism cylinder body is fixed on the side portion of the driving section guide rail support, the starting slide rod is assembled in the starting mechanism cylinder body in a sliding mode, the front end of the starting slide rod can extend out of or retract into the starting mechanism cylinder body, the starting slide rod driving piston is fixed at the rear end of the starting slide rod, the piston limiting plate is fixed at the rear end of the starting mechanism cylinder body, the starting slide rod driving piston can slide back and forth in the inner cavity of the starting mechanism cylinder body, the starting slide rod driving piston is matched with the inner cavity of the starting mechanism cylinder body in a sliding sealing mode, and the cylinder body air inlet and outlet hole is formed in the starting mechanism cylinder body and communicated with the inner cavity of the starting mechanism cylinder body.
8. The experimental device for studying the evaporative combustion characteristics of fuel in the supercritical environment according to claim 1, wherein: the tail end of the driving tube is placed into the driving tube sealing end cover, and the output end of the driving tube axial positioning mechanism compresses the driving tube sealing end cover.
9. The experimental device for studying the evaporative combustion characteristics of fuel in the supercritical environment according to claim 1, wherein: the diameter of the drive piston is larger than the diameter of the compression piston.
10. The experimental device for studying the evaporative combustion characteristics of fuel in the supercritical environment according to claim 1, wherein: and the top of the high-pressure test section projectile body is provided with an interface connected with a fuel injector or a liquid drop hanging device.
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