CN114878324A - Rock triaxial and direct shear portable testing device and testing method thereof - Google Patents
Rock triaxial and direct shear portable testing device and testing method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN114878324A CN114878324A CN202210428393.0A CN202210428393A CN114878324A CN 114878324 A CN114878324 A CN 114878324A CN 202210428393 A CN202210428393 A CN 202210428393A CN 114878324 A CN114878324 A CN 114878324A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/08—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/02—Details
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/02—Details
- G01N3/04—Chucks
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/08—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces
- G01N3/14—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces generated by dead weight, e.g. pendulum; generated by springs tension
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
- G01N2203/025—Geometry of the test
- G01N2203/0256—Triaxial, i.e. the forces being applied along three normal axes of the specimen
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Abstract
The invention discloses a rock triaxial and direct shear portable testing device and a testing method thereof, which relate to the field of rock triaxial tests and comprise the following steps: the loading plate is arranged in parallel with a loading surface of the loading head and is arranged between the bottom support piece and the top support piece in a sliding manner, the sample to be pressed is arranged between the bottom support piece and the top support piece, and two axial surfaces to be pressed of the sample to be pressed are arranged corresponding to the protruding ends of the leaf springs; according to the invention, the loading plate is pressed to move by utilizing one loading unit, so that the steel plate spring is compressed, the sample to be pressed is extruded from two axial surfaces to be pressed of the sample to be pressed by utilizing the protrusion amount of the steel plate spring, the stress condition of rock in a real state is fully simulated, the test precision is improved, the using amount of the loading unit can be reduced in a triaxial test, the loading unit can be conveniently transferred, the in-situ use is realized, and the test precision and the test efficiency are improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of rock triaxial tests, in particular to a rock triaxial and direct shear portable test device and a test method thereof.
Background
The conventional triaxial test of the rock sample is a very conventional test in the field of geotechnical engineering, and the strength and deformation parameters of the rock under the conventional triaxial test can be measured, so that a better reference value can be provided for engineering projects.
At present, the rock triaxial test apparatus has a complete routine triaxial test process at home and abroad, and whether the sample size or the loading scheme has standard guidance, but the conventional rock triaxial test apparatus is basically arranged indoors for use, and the conventional triaxial test apparatus has complex operation, high cost and low test efficiency, and needs to spend a large amount of time and energy of researchers.
For example: the invention discloses a triaxial test device, which is named as a triaxial rigid loading rock true triaxial apparatus and has the application number of '201310073709. X', and a rock sample is extruded from the triaxial direction by a pressure cylinder in the three directions of XYZ, so that the triaxial test is carried out on the rock sample.
The invention patent with the application number of '201510099996.0' and the name of 'true triaxial rock parameter testing system' discloses a triaxial test device, wherein a rock loading mechanism of the triaxial test device comprises a X, Y, Z axle loading assembly, namely, the triaxial test device still has the problems that the whole volume is large, the carrying is inconvenient, the rock transportation is needed, the test efficiency is reduced, the rock damage probability is large, the stress condition of the rock cannot be truly simulated, and the test precision is influenced.
Therefore, people need a rock triaxial test device which can be used in situ, has small volume, is convenient to carry, has low cost, and has high test data precision and high efficiency.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a rock triaxial direct shear portable test device and a test method thereof, which are used for solving the problems in the prior art, one loading unit is matched with a steel plate spring to synchronously realize the extrusion of two axial surfaces to be pressed of a sample to be pressed, the stress environment of a rock sample is really simulated, one loading unit is matched with the arrangement of the steel plate spring to extrude the rock anaerobically from different axial directions, the use amount of the loading unit is reduced, the production cost is further reduced, the volume and the weight of the whole device are reduced, the device is convenient to carry, and the device can be used in situ to improve the test precision and the test efficiency.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following scheme: the invention provides a shaft pressing structure, which comprises a bottom support piece, a top support piece, a loading plate, a loading unit and a steel plate spring, the top support and the bottom support are arranged at intervals, the loading unit is arranged in the middle of the top support, and the top supporting piece is provided with a through hole for the loading head of the loading unit to pass through, the loading plate is arranged in parallel with the loading surface of the loading head, and is slidably disposed between the bottom support and the top support, the loading plate is located below the loading head, and the bottom surface of the loading plate and the top surface of the bottom supporting piece are both provided with clamping parts for clamping the end parts of the leaf springs, a sample to be pressed is arranged between the bottom supporting piece and the top supporting piece, and two axial surfaces to be pressed of the sample to be pressed are arranged corresponding to the protruding ends of the leaf springs.
Preferably, the locating lever sets up top support piece with between the support piece of bottom, just the locating lever runs through leaf spring's both ends, the locating lever is located part between leaf spring's both ends is provided with two buckles that are used for restricting leaf spring continues the compression.
Preferably, the clamping portion is a sawtooth groove.
The invention also provides a rock triaxial portable test device applying the axial compression structure, the bottom supporting piece is a bottom plate, a rock sample is arranged on the bottom plate, the top supporting piece is a plurality of top plates which are uniformly distributed around the axis of the rock sample, the top plates are connected with the bottom plate through supporting rods, the loading unit is arranged above the rock sample, and is detachably connected with the top plate, the loading unit is a double-section jack, the loading plates are arranged below the top plate or share one loading plate, the inner end part of the loading plate is positioned below the ejection part with larger diameter of the double-section jack, the ejection part with smaller diameter of the double-section jack is arranged corresponding to the rock sample, the protruding end of the steel plate spring and the rock sample are provided with a base plate, and the size of the base plate is matched with that of the rock sample.
Preferably, when the rock sample is cylindrical, the backing plate is a steel cylinder surrounded by steel plates, a gap is formed between two ends of each steel plate, the top plates share one loading plate, the steel plate springs are sleeved on the periphery of the steel cylinder in a continuous annular structure, when the rock sample is polygonal cylindrical, the backing plate is a steel plate matched with one side of the rock sample, the loading plates are arranged below the top plates, and the steel plate springs are arranged between the loading plates and the bottom plate.
Preferably, the outer end of the loading plate is provided with a through hole matched with the support rod, and the loading plate is arranged on the support rod in a sliding manner.
The invention also provides a test method of the rock triaxial portable test device, which comprises the following steps:
s1, placing the rock sample to be tested at a designated position, starting the double-section jack, and enabling the two ejection parts of the double-section jack to synchronously move to drive the loading plate to press downwards;
s2, compressing the steel plate spring in the pressing process of the loading plate, enabling the protruding end of the steel plate spring to move towards the rock sample, and gradually extruding the rock sample through the backing plate to provide confining pressure for the rock sample;
and S3, stopping the movement of the ejection part with the larger diameter, keeping a certain confining pressure, continuing to move the ejection part with the smaller diameter, and matching with the bottom plate to extrude the rock sample from the vertical direction, so that the triaxial extrusion test is realized in combination with the existence of the confining pressure.
The invention also provides another rock triaxial direct shear portable test device applying the axial compression structure, which comprises a box body, the axial compression mechanism and a shearing mechanism, wherein the shearing mechanism comprises a shearing jack, a cushion block and a movable clamping frame, the shearing jack is arranged at the bottom of an inner cavity of the box body, the output end of the shearing jack is upwards arranged, the cushion block and a rock sample are sequentially placed above the output end, the movable clamping frame is arranged on the inner wall of the box body in a sliding manner and is used for clamping and fixing the rock sample in a manner of being matched with the cushion block, the clamping area of the movable clamping frame is smaller than the area of the rock sample contacted with the movable clamping frame, the loading unit is a double-section jack, the double-section jack is arranged on one side of the box body, two side walls of the box body are used as a bottom supporting piece and a top supporting piece, and two loading plates are arranged, the two loading plates are arranged in the horizontal direction, the steel plate springs are arranged between the two loading plates and the bottom supporting piece, the end portions of the loading plates correspond to the ejection portions, with the larger diameter, of the double-section jacks, the ejection portions, with the smaller diameter, of the double-section jacks correspond to the rock sample, one ends, far away from the double-section jacks, of the rock sample are abutted to the inner wall of the box body through cushion blocks, base plates are arranged between the protruding ends of the steel plate springs and the rock sample, and the size of each base plate is matched with that of the rock sample.
Preferably, the inner wall of the box body is provided with a sliding rail, the movable clamping frame is provided with a sliding groove matched with the sliding rail, and the movable clamping frame is provided with a locking bolt for locking the position of the movable clamping frame.
The invention also provides a test method of the rock triaxial direct shear portable test device, which comprises the following steps:
s1, determining the size of a cushion block on the shearing jack according to the size of the rock sample, so that when the rock sample is placed on the cushion block, the rock sample corresponds to the ejection end of the double-section jack, and after the rock sample is placed, adjusting the movable clamping frame to clamp and fix the rock sample;
s2, starting the double-section jack, enabling the two ejection parts of the double-section jack to synchronously move to drive the loading plate to move, compressing the steel plate spring in the motion process of the loading plate, enabling the protruding end of the steel plate spring to move towards the rock sample, and gradually extruding the rock sample through the backing plate to provide X-axis pressure for the rock sample;
s3, stopping the movement of the ejection part with the larger diameter, continuing to move the ejection part with the smaller diameter, and extruding the rock sample from the Y axis;
and S4, starting the shearing jack, and enabling the shearing jack to be matched with the movable clamping frame to extrude the rock sample from the Z axis.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following technical effects:
1. according to the invention, the loading plate is pressed to move by utilizing the loading unit, so that the steel plate spring is compressed, and due to the existence of the clamping part, when the steel plate spring is compressed, the curvature of the convex end of the steel plate spring is gradually increased, namely the steel plate spring is more convex.
2. According to the invention, the buckle can be used for limiting the compression amount of the steel plate spring, namely limiting the force applied to the rock sample by the steel plate spring, so as to realize accurate pressure application.
3. According to the invention, the end parts of the steel plate spring can be clamped in different small grooves in the sawtooth groove due to the arrangement of the sawtooth groove, so that the distance between the protruding ends at the two axial ends of the sample to be pressed is adjusted, and the device can be ensured to be adaptive to rock samples with different sizes.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required in the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art that other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a first rock triaxial test apparatus according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view taken at A-A of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a shear structure in a second rock triaxial test apparatus according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view taken at B-B of FIG. 3;
wherein, 1, a bottom support; 2. a top support; 3. a loading plate; 4. a loading unit; 5. a leaf spring; 6. positioning a rod; 7. buckling; 8. a sawtooth groove; 9. a rock sample; 10. a base plate; 11. a support bar; 12. a box body; 13. a shearing jack; 14. a movable clamping frame; 15. a slide rail.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The invention aims to provide a rock triaxial direct shear portable testing device and a testing method thereof, which are used for solving the problems in the prior art, one loading unit is matched with a steel plate spring to synchronously realize the extrusion of two axial surfaces to be pressed of a sample to be pressed, the stress environment of a rock sample is really simulated, one loading unit is matched with the arrangement of the steel plate spring to extrude the rock anaerobically from different axial directions, the use amount of the loading unit is reduced, the production cost is further reduced, the volume and the weight of the whole device are reduced, the device is convenient to carry, and the device can be used in situ to improve the testing precision and the testing efficiency.
In order to make the aforementioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention comprehensible, embodiments accompanied with figures are described in further detail below.
Referring to fig. 1 to 4, a shaft pressing structure is provided, which includes a bottom support 1, a top support 2, a loading plate 3, a loading unit 4 and a leaf spring 5, the top support 2 and the bottom support 1 are spaced apart from each other, the position between the top support and the bottom support is fixed by a support structure, the loading unit 4 is disposed at the middle of the top support 2, and the top support 2 is provided with a through hole for passing a loading head of the loading unit 4, the top support 2 includes at least one support plate, when one support plate is disposed, a through hole is formed at the middle of the support plate, when a plurality of support plates are disposed, each support plate is connected to the bottom support 1 by a support structure, and the plurality of support plates are uniformly distributed in a ring shape, the center of the ring shape of the plurality of support plates is the through hole, the loading plate 3 is disposed in parallel to a loading surface of the loading head, and is slidably disposed between the bottom support 1 and the top support 2, the specific sliding arrangement of the loading plate 3 may be: the method comprises the following steps that a slide rod is arranged between a bottom supporting piece 1 and a top supporting piece 2, a loading plate 3 is matched with the slide rod to realize sliding, or other structures are adopted, the loading plate 3 is positioned below a loading head, clamping parts used for clamping the end parts of a steel plate spring 5 are arranged on the bottom surface of the loading plate 3 and the top surface of the bottom supporting piece 1, a sample to be pressed is arranged between the bottom supporting piece 1 and the top supporting piece 2, two axial surfaces to be pressed of the sample to be pressed are arranged corresponding to the protruding ends of the steel plate spring 5, one or more steel plate springs 5 can be arranged, when the axial surfaces to be pressed are arranged, the steel plate spring 5 needs to be ensured to be in an annular structure, the sample to be pressed is in a cylindrical structure, and the protruding end of the steel plate spring 5 is wound around the sample to be pressed; when the stress test device is arranged in a plurality of stress test devices, only one steel plate spring 5 is needed to be arranged on two axial to-be-pressed surfaces corresponding to samples to be pressed, one loading unit 4 is used for pressing the loading plate 3 to move, and then the steel plate springs 5 are compressed, due to the existence of the clamping portion, when the steel plate springs 5 are compressed, the curvature of the protruding ends of the steel plate springs is gradually increased, namely the protruding ends of the steel plate springs become more convex.
The specific pressing size of the leaf spring 5 can be calculated according to the material, curvature, protrusion amount and the like of the leaf spring 5, or a pressure sensor is directly arranged at the protrusion end of the leaf spring 5 for measurement.
In order to improve the pressing precision, the positioning rod 6 is arranged between the top support piece 2 and the bottom support piece 1, the positioning rod 6 penetrates through two ends of the steel plate spring 5, two buckles 7 used for limiting the steel plate spring 5 to be continuously compressed are arranged on the portion, located between the two ends of the steel plate spring 5, of the positioning rod 6, and the compression amount of the steel plate spring 5 can be limited by the buckles 7, namely the force applied to the rock sample 9 by the steel plate spring 5 is limited.
Because treat when exerting pressure the sample experiment to the difference, its size can not all be the same, consequently sets up the sawtooth groove 8 of joint portion for having a plurality of little cell bodys for leaf spring 5's tip can block in the different little cell bodys in sawtooth groove 8, and then adjusts the distance between the protrusion end of treating the axial both ends of sample of exerting pressure, guarantees that the device can adapt the rock sample 9 of equidimension not.
The invention also provides two portable rock triaxial test devices using the axial compression structure, wherein the first test device comprises: the bottom supporting piece 1 is a bottom plate, the rock sample 9 is arranged in the middle of the bottom plate, the position of the rock sample 9 can be preliminarily fixed by using a glue connection mode, the position change of the rock sample 9 caused when other parts are installed is prevented, because the triaxial test of the rock sample 9 requires the pressure supply of three X, Y and Z axes, the top supporting piece 2 is specifically arranged into a plurality of top plates which are uniformly distributed around the axis of the rock sample 9, the bottom supporting piece 1 is a bottom plate, the top plates are connected with the bottom plate through supporting rods 11, two ends of the supporting rods 11 are respectively in threaded connection with the top plate and the bottom plate, the loading unit 4 is arranged above the rock sample 9 and is detachably connected with the top plate and can be connected by adopting clamping or bolt connection, the loading unit 4 is a double-section jack, the loading plates 3 are arranged below the plurality of top plates or share one loading plate 3, the inner end parts of the loading plates 3 are arranged below the ejection parts with larger diameters of the double-section jacks, the bottom surface of loading plate 3 and the upper surface of bottom plate all are provided with the serration groove 8 that is used for joint leaf spring 5's tip, the less ejecting portion of diameter of two section jacks corresponds rock sample 9 and sets up, when the less ejecting portion area of diameter is greater than rock sample 9 upper surface area, can directly extrude, when the less ejecting portion area of diameter is less than rock sample 9 upper surface area, need set up a cushion the same with its upper surface size at rock sample 9 upper surface, be provided with backing plate 10 between leaf spring 5's protrusion end and the rock sample 9, backing plate 10 size and rock sample 9 phase-match, can realize the even extrusion to rock sample 9.
The number of the specific top plates can be determined according to the shape of the rock sample 9, when the rock sample 9 is cylindrical, the top plates can be two or more, the backing plate 10 is a steel cylinder surrounded by steel plates, a gap is formed between two ends of each steel plate, the steel cylinder can have a contraction space when being extruded by the steel plate springs 5 due to the existence of the gap, the top plates share one loading plate 3, the steel plate springs 5 are sleeved on the periphery of the steel cylinder in a continuous annular structure, and the rock sample 9 is extruded from the periphery to form confining pressure which can represent the pressure of two shafts in three shafts; when the rock sample 9 is in a polygonal column shape, the base plate 10 is a steel plate matched with a single face of the rock sample 9, the loading plates 3 are arranged below the plurality of top plates, the steel plate springs 5 are arranged between the loading plates 3 and the bottom plate, and the rock sample 9 is extruded from different faces to form confining pressure which can represent two-axis pressure in three axes.
In order to reduce the use of parts and the cost, a through hole matched with the supporting rod 11 is formed in the outer end part of the loading plate 3, the loading plate 3 is arranged on the supporting rod 11 in a sliding mode, the supporting rod 11 is used as a sliding rod, and the arrangement of the sliding rod can be saved.
The device in the embodiment is convenient to install, can be dispersedly transferred during transfer, and improves the portability of the device.
The invention provides a test method of the portable triaxial rock test device, which comprises the following steps:
s1, placing the rock sample 9 to be tested at the middle position of the bottom plate, then installing the whole device, starting the double-section jack, enabling the two ejection parts of the double-section jack to move synchronously, and driving the loading plate 3 to press down by the ejection part with the larger diameter;
s2, in the pressing process of the loading plate 3, the steel plate spring 5 is compressed, the protruding end of the steel plate spring 5 moves towards the rock sample 9 and gradually presses the rock sample 9 through the backing plate 10 (when the backing plate 10 is a steel cylinder, the steel cylinder is pressed by the steel plate spring 5, the gap is gradually reduced, the inner diameter of the steel cylinder is gradually reduced, and further the rock sample 9 is pressed;
s3, whether a certain confining pressure is kept or not can be determined according to the test requirement, when the certain confining pressure is required to be kept, the ejection part with the larger diameter stops moving when moving to the specified position, the certain confining pressure is kept, the ejection part with the smaller diameter continues moving, the rock sample 9 is extruded from the vertical direction by matching with the bottom plate, namely, pressure is applied on the Z axis, and a three-axis extrusion test is realized by combining the existence of the confining pressure; when the confining pressure needs to be increased continuously on the basis of increasing the Z-axis pressure, the two ejection parts can be controlled to move continuously.
The second rock triaxial direct shear portable testing device utilizing the axial compression structure comprises a box body 12, an axial compression mechanism and a shearing mechanism, wherein the shearing mechanism comprises a shearing jack 13, a cushion block and a movable clamping frame 14 with a plate-shaped structure, the shearing jack 13 is arranged at the bottom of an inner cavity of the box body 12, an output end is arranged upwards, the cushion block and a rock sample 9 are sequentially placed above the output end, the movable clamping frame 14 is arranged on the inner wall of the box body 12 in a sliding mode and is used for being matched with the cushion block to clamp and fix the rock sample 9, the clamping area of the movable clamping frame 14 is smaller than the area of the rock sample 9 in contact with the movable clamping frame, so that when the shearing jack 13 extrudes the rock sample 9, a shearing force is equivalently provided, the shearing force can be used for measuring the anti-shearing effect of the rock sample 9, the rock sample 9 is tightly pressed by the axial compression mechanism during specific test, the output force of the shearing jack 13 is controlled, the movable clamping frame 14 is matched to extrude the rock sample 9, a certain shearing force can be generated because the clamping area of the movable clamping frame 14 is smaller than the area of the rock sample 9 contacted with the movable clamping frame 14, the movable clamping frames 14 with different sizes can be replaced to determine the shearing position, the shearing force can be changed by changing the output force of the shearing jack 13, when the axial pressure is required to be measured normally, only a cushion block matched with the rock sample 9 is needed to be arranged between the movable clamping frame 14 and the rock sample 9, the shearing jack 13 can be matched with the movable clamping frame 14 and the cushion block to realize uniform extrusion on the rock sample 9 at the moment, then a shaft pressure mechanism is matched to complete a triaxial test, the loading unit 4 is a double-section jack which is arranged on one side of the box body 12, and two side walls of the box body 12 are used as a bottom support piece 1 and a top support piece 2, loading plate 3 sets up two, and two loading plates 3 arrange along the horizontal direction and arrange, all be provided with leaf spring 5 between two loading plates 3 and the bottom support piece 1, and all be provided with the joint portion that is used for joint leaf spring 5's tip on loading plate 3 and the bottom support piece 1, loading plate 3's tip corresponds the great ejecting portion setting of diameter of two sections jack, the less ejecting portion of diameter of two sections jack corresponds rock sample 9 and sets up, the inner wall butt of cushion and box 12 is passed through to the one end that two sections jack were kept away from to rock sample 9, be provided with backing plate 10 between leaf spring 5's protrusion end and the rock sample 9, backing plate 10 size and rock sample 9 phase-match.
The movable clamping frame 14 is arranged in the following way: the inner wall of the box body 12 is provided with a slide rail 15, the movable clamping frame 14 is provided with a slide groove matched with the slide rail 15, and the movable clamping frame 14 is provided with a locking bolt for locking the position of the movable clamping frame.
Because the size of different rock specimens 9 is different, can also process the spout with the cushion of rock specimen 9 keeping away from the one end of two section jack, make it slide on slide rail 15, be convenient for adjust its position, make it can correspond rock specimen 9.
The side of the box body 12 which is not provided with the double-section jack is set to be of an opening and closing door structure, so that the security protection and the change of the rock sample 9 are facilitated, and the top of the box body is provided with a lifting handle, so that the box body 12 is convenient to transfer.
The test method of the rock triaxial and direct shear portable test device comprises the following steps:
s1, determining the size of a cushion block on the shearing jack 13 according to the size of the rock sample 9, so that when the rock sample 9 is placed on the cushion block, the rock sample 9 corresponds to the ejection end of the double-section jack, after the rock sample 9 is placed, adjusting the movable clamping frame 14 to clamp and fix the rock sample 9, when a triaxial test is required, the cushion block is required to be arranged between the movable clamping frame 14 and the rock sample 9, and when the shearing test is required, the cushion block is not required to be arranged;
s2, starting the double-section jack, enabling the two ejection parts of the double-section jack to synchronously move to drive the loading plate 3 to move, compressing the steel plate spring 5 in the moving process of the loading plate 3, enabling the protruding end of the steel plate spring 5 to move towards the rock sample 9, gradually extruding the rock sample 9 through the backing plate 10, and providing X-axis pressure for the rock sample 9;
s3, stopping the continuous increase of the pressure of the X axis according to the requirement, stopping the movement of the ejection part with larger diameter when the pressure needs to be stopped, preventing the steel plate spring 5 from being compressed continuously by the buckle 7, pressing the rock sample 9 from the Y axis when the ejection part with smaller diameter continues to move, and when the pressure does not need to be stopped, continuing the movement of the two ejection parts;
s4, the shear jack 13 is activated, the shear jack 13 cooperates with the movable gripping bracket 14 to squeeze the rock sample 9 from the Z-axis.
The adaptation according to the actual needs is within the scope of the invention.
It will be evident to those skilled in the art that the invention is not limited to the details of the foregoing illustrative embodiments, and that the present invention may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential attributes thereof. The present embodiments are therefore to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive, the scope of the invention being indicated by the appended claims rather than by the foregoing description, and all changes which come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are therefore intended to be embraced therein. Any reference sign in a claim should not be construed as limiting the claim concerned.
The principle and the implementation mode of the invention are explained by applying a specific example, and the description of the embodiment is only used for helping to understand the method and the core idea of the invention; meanwhile, for a person skilled in the art, according to the idea of the present invention, the specific embodiments and the application range may be changed. In view of the above, the present disclosure should not be construed as limiting the invention.
Claims (10)
1. The shaft pressing structure is characterized by comprising a bottom support piece, a top support piece, a loading plate, a loading unit and a steel plate spring, the top support and the bottom support are arranged at intervals, the loading unit is arranged in the middle of the top support, and the top supporting piece is provided with a through hole for the loading head of the loading unit to pass through, the loading plate is arranged in parallel with the loading surface of the loading head, and is slidably disposed between the bottom support and the top support, the loading plate is located below the loading head, and the bottom surface of the loading plate and the top surface of the bottom supporting piece are both provided with clamping parts for clamping the end parts of the leaf springs, a sample to be pressed is arranged between the bottom supporting piece and the top supporting piece, and two axial surfaces to be pressed of the sample to be pressed are arranged corresponding to the protruding ends of the leaf springs.
2. The axial compression structure of claim 1, further comprising a positioning rod, wherein the positioning rod is disposed between the top support member and the bottom support member, the positioning rod penetrates through two ends of the leaf spring, and two buckles for limiting the leaf spring to continue to be compressed are disposed on a portion of the positioning rod between the two ends of the leaf spring.
3. The axle compression structure of claim 1, wherein the snap-in portion is a serrated groove.
4. A rock triaxial portable testing device applying the axial compression structure as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the bottom supporting member is a bottom plate, a rock sample is arranged on the bottom plate, the top supporting member is a plurality of top plates uniformly distributed around the axis of the rock sample, the top plates are connected with the bottom plate through supporting rods, the loading unit is arranged above the rock sample and detachably connected with the top plates, the loading unit is a double-section jack, the loading plates are arranged below the top plates or share one loading plate, the inner end of each loading plate is arranged below the ejector part with the larger diameter of the double-section jack, the ejector part with the smaller diameter of the double-section jack is arranged corresponding to the rock sample, and a cushion plate is arranged between the protruding end of the steel plate spring and the rock sample, the size of the base plate is matched with the rock sample.
5. The portable triaxial rock testing apparatus of claim 4, wherein the base plate is a steel cylinder surrounded by steel plates, and a gap is formed between two ends of the steel plates, when the rock sample is cylindrical, the top plates share one loading plate, and the steel plate spring is sleeved on the periphery of the steel cylinder in a continuous annular structure, when the rock sample is polygonal cylindrical, the base plate is a steel plate matched with a single side of the rock sample, the loading plates are arranged below the top plates, and the steel plate spring is arranged between the loading plate and the bottom plate.
6. The triaxial portable rock testing device of claim 4, wherein the outer end of the loading plate is provided with a through hole matched with the supporting rod, and the loading plate is slidably arranged on the supporting rod.
7. A method of testing a rock triaxial portable testing device as claimed in any one of claims 4 to 6, comprising the steps of:
s1, placing the rock sample to be tested at a designated position, starting the double-section jack, and enabling the two ejection parts of the double-section jack to synchronously move to drive the loading plate to press downwards;
s2, compressing the steel plate spring in the pressing process of the loading plate, enabling the protruding end of the steel plate spring to move towards the rock sample, and gradually extruding the rock sample through the backing plate to provide confining pressure for the rock sample;
and S3, stopping the movement of the ejection part with the larger diameter, keeping a certain confining pressure, continuing to move the ejection part with the smaller diameter, and matching with the bottom plate to extrude the rock sample from the vertical direction, so that the triaxial extrusion test is realized in combination with the existence of the confining pressure.
8. A rock triaxial direct shear portable test device applying the axial compression structure as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3, which comprises a box body, the axial compression mechanism and a shearing mechanism, wherein the shearing mechanism comprises a shearing jack, a cushion block and a movable clamping frame, the shearing jack is arranged at the bottom of an inner cavity of the box body, an output end of the shearing jack is upwards arranged, the cushion block and a rock sample are sequentially placed above the output end, the movable clamping frame is slidably arranged on the inner wall of the box body and is used for being matched with the cushion block to clamp and fix the rock sample, the clamping area of the movable clamping frame is smaller than the area of the rock sample contacted with the clamping frame, the loading unit is a double-section jack, the double-section jack is arranged on one side of the box body, and two side walls of the box body are used as the bottom support piece and the top support piece, the loading plate sets up two, and two the loading plate is arranged along the horizontal direction, two the loading plate with all be provided with between the bottom support piece leaf spring, the tip of loading plate corresponds the great ejecting portion setting of diameter of two sections jack, the less ejecting portion of diameter of two sections jack corresponds rock sample sets up, rock sample keeps away from the one end of two sections jack pass through the cushion with the inner wall butt of box, leaf spring's protrusion end with be provided with the backing plate between the rock sample, the backing plate size with rock sample phase-match.
9. The portable rock triaxial direct shear test device according to claim 8, wherein a slide rail is arranged on the inner wall of the box body, a slide groove matched with the slide rail is arranged on the movable clamping frame, and a locking bolt for locking the position of the movable clamping frame is arranged on the movable clamping frame.
10. A method of testing a rock triaxial, direct shear portable testing device according to claim 8 or 9, comprising the steps of:
s1, determining the size of a cushion block on the shearing jack according to the size of the rock sample, so that when the rock sample is placed on the cushion block, the rock sample corresponds to the ejection end of the double-section jack, and after the rock sample is placed, adjusting the movable clamping frame to clamp and fix the rock sample;
s2, starting the double-section jack, enabling the two ejection parts of the double-section jack to synchronously move to drive the loading plate to move, compressing the steel plate spring in the motion process of the loading plate, enabling the protruding end of the steel plate spring to move towards the rock sample, and gradually extruding the rock sample through the backing plate to provide X-axis pressure for the rock sample;
s3, stopping the movement of the ejection part with the larger diameter, continuing to move the ejection part with the smaller diameter, and extruding the rock sample from the Y axis;
and S4, starting the shearing jack, and enabling the shearing jack to be matched with the movable clamping frame to extrude the rock sample from the Z axis.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202210428393.0A CN114878324A (en) | 2022-04-22 | 2022-04-22 | Rock triaxial and direct shear portable testing device and testing method thereof |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202210428393.0A CN114878324A (en) | 2022-04-22 | 2022-04-22 | Rock triaxial and direct shear portable testing device and testing method thereof |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN114878324A true CN114878324A (en) | 2022-08-09 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202210428393.0A Withdrawn CN114878324A (en) | 2022-04-22 | 2022-04-22 | Rock triaxial and direct shear portable testing device and testing method thereof |
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| CN (1) | CN114878324A (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN115791393A (en) * | 2022-11-25 | 2023-03-14 | 河南省地质调查院 | A loading device for rock fracturing simulation |
-
2022
- 2022-04-22 CN CN202210428393.0A patent/CN114878324A/en not_active Withdrawn
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN115791393A (en) * | 2022-11-25 | 2023-03-14 | 河南省地质调查院 | A loading device for rock fracturing simulation |
| CN115791393B (en) * | 2022-11-25 | 2023-08-15 | 河南省地质研究院 | Loading device for rock fracturing simulation |
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Application publication date: 20220809 |