CN114874060B - 1, 1-diamino-2, 2-dinitroethylene/nano aluminum powder composite energetic particle and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents

1, 1-diamino-2, 2-dinitroethylene/nano aluminum powder composite energetic particle and preparation method and application thereof Download PDF

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CN114874060B
CN114874060B CN202210523240.4A CN202210523240A CN114874060B CN 114874060 B CN114874060 B CN 114874060B CN 202210523240 A CN202210523240 A CN 202210523240A CN 114874060 B CN114874060 B CN 114874060B
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aluminum powder
dinitroethylene
diamino
nano aluminum
composite energetic
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CN114874060A (en
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李小东
孙彦涛
杨玥
赵悦
王晶禹
刘文杰
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North University of China
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
    • C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
    • C06B45/00—Compositions or products which are defined by structure or arrangement of component of product
    • C06B45/18—Compositions or products which are defined by structure or arrangement of component of product comprising a coated component
    • C06B45/30—Compositions or products which are defined by structure or arrangement of component of product comprising a coated component the component base containing an inorganic explosive or an inorganic thermic component
    • C06B45/32—Compositions or products which are defined by structure or arrangement of component of product comprising a coated component the component base containing an inorganic explosive or an inorganic thermic component the coating containing an organic compound
    • C06B45/34—Compositions or products which are defined by structure or arrangement of component of product comprising a coated component the component base containing an inorganic explosive or an inorganic thermic component the coating containing an organic compound the compound being an organic explosive or an organic thermic component
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
    • C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
    • C06B21/00—Apparatus or methods for working-up explosives, e.g. forming, cutting, drying
    • C06B21/0033—Shaping the mixture
    • C06B21/0066—Shaping the mixture by granulation, e.g. flaking
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
    • C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
    • C06B33/00—Compositions containing particulate metal, alloy, boron, silicon, selenium or tellurium with at least one oxygen supplying material which is either a metal oxide or a salt, organic or inorganic, capable of yielding a metal oxide
    • C06B33/08—Compositions containing particulate metal, alloy, boron, silicon, selenium or tellurium with at least one oxygen supplying material which is either a metal oxide or a salt, organic or inorganic, capable of yielding a metal oxide with a nitrated organic compound
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
    • Y02P20/50—Improvements relating to the production of bulk chemicals
    • Y02P20/54—Improvements relating to the production of bulk chemicals using solvents, e.g. supercritical solvents or ionic liquids

Abstract

The invention provides 1, 1-diamino-2, 2-dinitroethylene/nano aluminum powder composite energetic particles and a preparation method and application thereof, relating to the technical field of explosives. The 1, 1-diamino-2, 2-dinitroethylene/nano aluminum powder composite energetic particle provided by the invention is of a core-shell structure and comprises nano aluminum powder, 1-diamino-2, 2-dinitroethylene and an adhesive, wherein the 1, 1-diamino-2, 2-dinitroethylene and the adhesive are coated on the surface of the nano aluminum powder. The composite energetic particle provided by the invention takes nano aluminum powder as a core, 1-diamino-2, 2-dinitroethylene and a bonding agent as a shell, and 1, 1-diamino-2, 2-dinitroethylene and the bonding agent are tightly combined with the nano aluminum powder to form a uniform coating structure, so that the spontaneous agglomeration of the nano aluminum powder can be effectively inhibited, the problem of uneven distribution of components of a nano aluminum-containing explosive is solved, and the heat and mass transfer distances among the components are reduced, thereby enhancing the energy release rate of explosive detonation reaction and the reaction completeness of the nano aluminum powder.

Description

1, 1-diamino-2, 2-dinitroethylene/nano aluminum powder composite energetic particle and preparation method and application thereof
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of explosives, in particular to 1, 1-diamino-2, 2-dinitroethylene/nano aluminum powder composite energetic particles and a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
At the moment of explosion of the conventional explosive, ultrasonic waves can be subjected to exponential rapid attenuation, so that the conventional explosive has a strong damage effect on a short-distance target, but the conventional explosive is not enough in action strength on a long-distance target due to the fact that the conventional explosive is attenuated too quickly and short in duration. In order to overcome the defect, the propagation distance of the explosion shock wave can be effectively enhanced by adding high-calorific-value components such as aluminum and the like in the explosive formula. When the aluminum-containing composite explosive is exploded, the aluminum-containing composite explosive can be partially exploded with the explosive to form a gas product (CO) x ，H 2 O，NO x Etc.) to produce secondary reaction, which can effectively increase the explosion action range and the external work-doing capacity. Many documents report the influence of the particle size and content of aluminum powder on the sensitivity and performance of explosives, wherein nano aluminum powder has excellent heat release and performanceLow-temperature oxidation capability and is widely used in explosives. However, due to the special volume and surface effect of the nano aluminum powder, the nano aluminum powder is often in a highly activated state, and a strong agglomeration effect is easily generated, so that the nano aluminum powder loses the scale advantage.
RDX (cyclotrimethylenetrinitramine) -based aluminum-containing explosives have been widely used, such as PBXW-115, PBX-109, and AFX-757, but the RDX-based aluminum-containing explosives have high mechanical sensitivity and insufficient safety performance. 1, 1-diamino-2, 2-dinitroethylene (FOX-7) is a novel elementary explosive, has stable molecular structure and excellent comprehensive performance, is expected to replace RDX, and enables most aluminum-containing explosives to obtain insensitive characteristic. However, the research on aluminum-containing explosives based on FOX-7 is relatively few at present, and the strong agglomeration effect of nano aluminum powder still needs to be solved.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the present invention aims to provide a 1, 1-diamino-2, 2-dinitroethylene/nano aluminum powder composite energetic particle, and a preparation method and an application thereof. The 1, 1-diamino-2, 2-dinitroethylene/nano aluminum powder composite energetic particle provided by the invention is of a core-shell structure, wherein the nano aluminum powder is a core, and the 1, 1-diamino-2, 2-dinitroethylene and the adhesive are shells, so that the spontaneous agglomeration of the nano aluminum powder can be effectively inhibited, and the nano aluminum powder is uniformly distributed.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
the invention provides 1, 1-diamino-2, 2-dinitroethylene/nano aluminum powder composite energetic particles, which are of a core-shell structure and comprise nano aluminum powder, 1-diamino-2, 2-dinitroethylene and an adhesive, wherein the 1, 1-diamino-2, 2-dinitroethylene and the adhesive are coated on the surface of the nano aluminum powder; the nano aluminum powder and the 1, 1-diamino-2, 2-dinitroethylene form a main component of the composite energetic particle, and the mass ratio of the 1, 1-diamino-2, 2-dinitroethylene to the nano aluminum powder is 65-85; the mass percentage of the main body component and the adhesive in the composite energetic particles are respectively 95-97% and 3-5%.
Preferably, the nano aluminum powder is spherical aluminum powder with the particle size of 50-100 nm.
Preferably, the composite energetic particles have a particle size of 0.5 to 3 μm.
Preferably, the binder is a vinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene copolymer.
The invention provides a preparation method of 1, 1-diamino-2, 2-dinitroethylene/nano aluminum powder composite energetic particles in the technical scheme, which comprises the following steps:
mixing 1, 1-diamino-2, 2-dinitroethylene, an adhesive, nano aluminum powder and an organic solvent, and dispersing the obtained mixed solution to obtain a suspension;
and carrying out spray drying on the suspension to obtain the 1, 1-diamino-2, 2-dinitroethylene/nano aluminum powder composite energetic particles.
Preferably, the organic solvent comprises one or more of N, N-dimethylformamide, dimethyl sulfoxide, N-diethylformamide and N-methylpyrrolidone; the mass ratio of the 1, 1-diamino-2, 2-dinitroethylene to the organic solvent is 2.
Preferably, the dispersion comprises ultrasonic dispersion and stirring dispersion which are carried out simultaneously, the power of the ultrasonic dispersion is 300-600W, and the speed of the stirring dispersion is 400-600 rpm; the dispersion time is 10-15 min.
Preferably, the conditions of the spray drying include: the inlet temperature is 80-90 ℃; high-purity nitrogen is used as carrier gas, and the flow rate of the carrier gas is 414-536 L.h -1 (ii) a The feeding rate is 4.5-6.0 mL/min -1 (ii) a The drying medium is high-purity nitrogen.
Preferably, after the spray drying, the method further comprises the step of carrying out gas-solid separation on the obtained material.
The invention provides application of the 1, 1-diamino-2, 2-dinitroethylene/nano aluminum powder composite energetic particles prepared by the preparation method in the technical scheme or application of the 1, 1-diamino-2, 2-dinitroethylene/nano aluminum powder composite energetic particles prepared by the preparation method in insensitive solid propellants and insensitive press-fitting explosives.
The invention provides 1, 1-diamino-2, 2-dinitroethylene/nano aluminum powder composite energetic particle which is of a core-shell structure and comprises nano aluminum powder, 1-diamino-2, 2-dinitroethylene and an adhesive, wherein the 1, 1-diamino-2, 2-dinitroethylene and the adhesive are coated on the surface of the nano aluminum powder; the nano aluminum powder and the 1, 1-diamino-2, 2-dinitroethylene form a main component of the composite energetic particle, and the mass ratio of the 1, 1-diamino-2, 2-dinitroethylene to the nano aluminum powder is 65-85; the mass percentage of the main body component and the adhesive in the composite energetic particles are respectively 95-97% and 3-5%. The 1, 1-diamino-2, 2-dinitroethylene/nano aluminum powder composite energetic particles provided by the invention are of a core-shell structure, wherein the nano aluminum powder is a core, the 1, 1-diamino-2, 2-dinitroethylene and a bonding agent are shells, and the 1, 1-diamino-2, 2-dinitroethylene and the bonding agent are tightly combined with the nano aluminum powder to form an even coating structure, so that the spontaneous agglomeration of the nano aluminum powder can be effectively inhibited, the problem of uneven distribution of components of a nano aluminum-containing explosive is solved, and the heat and mass transfer distances among the components are reduced, thereby enhancing the energy release rate of explosive detonation reaction and the reaction completeness of the nano aluminum powder; in addition, the core-shell structure which is uniformly coated can improve the difficulty of explosion caused by the explosive under the action of impact, friction and the like, and the low vulnerability of the 1, 1-diamino-2, 2-dinitroethylene is combined, so that the composite energetic particle has the characteristic of low mechanical sensitivity and good safety. Therefore, the 1, 1-diamino-2, 2-dinitroethylene/nano aluminum powder composite energetic particles provided by the invention have the characteristics of high explosion heat and high explosion temperature, are low in mechanical sensitivity and good in stability, and have wide application prospects in insensitive solid propellants and insensitive press-fitting explosives.
The invention provides a preparation method of 1, 1-diamino-2, 2-dinitroethylene/nano aluminum powder composite energetic particles in the technical scheme, the preparation method adopts a spray drying method to prepare the 1, 1-diamino-2, 2-dinitroethylene/nano aluminum powder composite energetic particles, the process is simple, the content of each component can be accurately controlled, the composite energetic particles can have narrower particle size distribution and stable morphology, and the spontaneous agglomeration of the nano aluminum powder is effectively inhibited.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a scanning electron microscope image of FOX-7/nAl composite energetic particles prepared in example 1;
FIG. 2 is a particle size distribution diagram of FOX-7/nAl composite energetic particles prepared in example 1;
FIG. 3 is a scanning electron microscope image of the FOX-7/nAl composite energetic particle prepared in example 2;
FIG. 4 is a particle size distribution diagram of FOX-7/nAl composite energetic particles prepared in example 2;
FIG. 5 is a scanning electron microscope image of the FOX-7/nAl composite energetic particles prepared in example 3;
FIG. 6 is a particle size distribution diagram of FOX-7/nAl composite energetic particles prepared in example 3.
Detailed Description
The invention provides 1, 1-diamino-2, 2-dinitroethylene/nano aluminum powder composite energetic particles which are in a core-shell structure and comprise nano aluminum powder, 1-diamino-2, 2-dinitroethylene and an adhesive, wherein the 1, 1-diamino-2, 2-dinitroethylene and the adhesive are coated on the surface of the nano aluminum powder, namely the nano aluminum powder (nAl) is taken as a core, and the 1, 1-diamino-2, 2-dinitroethylene (FOX-7) and the adhesive are taken as a shell. In the present invention, the nano aluminum powder and 1, 1-diamino-2, 2-dinitroethylene constitute a main component of the composite energetic particle, and the mass ratio of the 1, 1-diamino-2, 2-dinitroethylene to the nano aluminum powder is 65; the mass percentage of the main body component and the adhesive in the composite energetic particles are respectively 95-97% and 3-5%, and the mass percentage of the main body component and the adhesive in the composite energetic particles is respectively 95% and 5%. In the invention, the nano aluminum powder is preferably spherical aluminum powder, and the particle size is preferably 50-100 nm; the binder is preferably vinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene copolymer (F) 2602 ) The invention takes vinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene copolymer as the adhesive, which is beneficial to reducing the sensitivity of the aluminum-containing explosive and increasing the press fitting strength of the aluminum-containing explosive. In the present invention, the composite energetic particle (described as FOX-7/nAl composite energetic particle) preferably has a particle diameter of 0.5 to 3 μm.
The 1, 1-diamino-2, 2-dinitroethylene/nano aluminum powder composite energy-containing particles provided by the invention are of a core-shell structure, and all components are tightly combined, so that the spontaneous agglomeration of nano aluminum powder can be effectively inhibited, and the heat and mass transfer distance among all components is reduced, thereby enhancing the energy release rate of explosive detonation reaction and the reaction completeness of nano aluminum powder.
The invention provides a preparation method of 1, 1-diamino-2, 2-dinitroethylene/nano aluminum powder composite energetic particles in the technical scheme, which comprises the following steps:
mixing 1, 1-diamino-2, 2-dinitroethylene, an adhesive, nano aluminum powder and an organic solvent, and dispersing the obtained mixed solution to obtain a suspension;
and carrying out spray drying on the suspension to obtain the 1, 1-diamino-2, 2-dinitroethylene/nano aluminum powder composite energetic particles.
In the present invention, the organic solvent preferably includes one or more of N, N-dimethylformamide, dimethyl sulfoxide, N-diethylformamide and N-methylpyrrolidone; the mass ratio of the 1, 1-diamino-2, 2-dinitroethylene to the organic solvent is preferably 2. In the present invention, the method of mixing is preferably: 1, 1-diamino-2, 2-dinitroethylene and a bonding agent are dissolved in an organic solvent, and then nano aluminum powder is added into the obtained solution. In the present invention, the dispersing preferably includes ultrasonic dispersing and stirring dispersing performed simultaneously, the power of the ultrasonic dispersing is preferably 300 to 600W, more preferably 300 to 500W, and the speed of the stirring dispersing is preferably 400 to 600rpm, more preferably 500 to 600rpm; the dispersing time is preferably 10 to 15min, and more preferably 12 to 15min; the dispersion is carried out at room temperature, specifically at 25 ℃. In the embodiment of the invention, the ultrasonic device used for ultrasonic dispersion is an ultrasonic cell crusher with the model of JY92-IIDN, which is manufactured by Ningbo Xinzhi Biotechnology GmbH; the stirring device used for stirring and dispersing is a mechanical digital display stirrer with the model number of JB90-S, and is manufactured by Shanghai Meipu apparatus manufacturing company Limited.
In the present invention, the conditions of the spray drying preferably include: the inlet temperature is 80-90 ℃, and more preferably 85-90 ℃; high-purity nitrogen is used as carrier gas, and the flow rate of the carrier gas is 414-536 L.h -1 More preferably 414 to 450 Lh -1 (ii) a The feeding rate is 4.5-6.0 mL/min -1 More preferably 4.5 to 5 mL/min -1 (ii) a The drying medium is high-purity nitrogen. In the invention, the specific operation process of the spray drying is as follows: after the inlet temperature, the carrier gas flow and the feeding rate of the spray drying device are set according to requirements, high-purity nitrogen is introduced for 20min to remove air remained in a gas path of the device; and (2) introducing the suspension into a two-fluid atomization nozzle by using a peristaltic pump, atomizing the suspension into fine droplets by the nozzle, carrying the fine droplets into a drying chamber by carrier gas, evaporating the droplets after the droplets are contacted with a heated drying medium (80-90 ℃) in the drying chamber, gradually separating out the FOX-7 and the binder molecules in the suspension due to the reduction of moisture, depositing the molecules on the surface of the nano aluminum powder, and tightly combining the FOX-7, the binder and the nano aluminum powder to form a uniform coating structure, namely forming the core-shell structure composite particles. In the present example, a spray dryer of type B-290, which uses a two-fluid nozzle having a nozzle diameter of 0.7mm and manufactured by step-by-step, switzerland laboratories instruments ltd, was used as the spray drying apparatus. The method adopts a spray drying method to prepare the 1, 1-diamino-2, 2-dinitroethylene/nano aluminum powder composite energetic particle, has simple process, can accurately control the content of each component, can ensure that the composite energetic particle has narrower particle size distribution and stable morphology, and effectively inhibits the spontaneous agglomeration of the nano aluminum powder.
After the spray drying, the invention also preferably performs gas-solid separation on the obtained material, and separates out the drying medium in the obtained material through the gas-solid separation to obtain 1, 1-diamino-2, 2-dinitroethylene/nano aluminum powder composite energetic particles; the gas-solid separation is preferably carried out in a cyclone.
The invention provides application of the 1, 1-diamino-2, 2-dinitroethylene/nano aluminum powder composite energetic particles prepared by the preparation method in the technical scheme or application of the 1, 1-diamino-2, 2-dinitroethylene/nano aluminum powder composite energetic particles prepared by the preparation method in insensitive solid propellants and insensitive press-fitting explosives. The 1, 1-diamino-2, 2-dinitroethylene/nano aluminum powder composite energetic particle provided by the invention has the characteristics of high explosion heat and high explosion temperature, is low in mechanical sensitivity and good in stability, and has wide application prospects in insensitive solid propellants and insensitive press-fitting explosives.
The following examples are provided to illustrate the 1, 1-diamino-2, 2-dinitroethylene/nano aluminum powder composite energetic particles and the preparation method and application thereof in detail, but they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
The formula of the 1, 1-diamino-2, 2-dinitroethylene/nano aluminum powder composite energetic particles in the embodiment comprises the following components in percentage by mass:
the main components are as follows: 65% of 1, 1-diamino-2, 2-dinitroethylene (FOX-7), and 30% of nano aluminum powder (nAl, spherical, with the particle size of 50-100 nm); adhesive agent: vinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene copolymer (F) 2602 )5％。
The preparation method comprises the following steps:
(1) Weighing F with a certain mass according to the formula composition 2602 And FOX-7 is dissolved in N, N-dimethylformamide, and the mass ratio of FOX-7 to N, N-dimethylformamide is 4; weighing a certain mass of nAl, and placing the nAl in a FOX-7 solution to obtain a mixed solution;
(2) Placing the mixed solution prepared in the step (1) in an ultrasonic disperser at the temperature of 25 ℃, wherein the ultrasonic power is 300W, and simultaneously stirring by using a mechanical stirrer at the stirring speed of 600rpm, and performing ultrasonic stirring and dispersion for 15min to obtain a nano-aluminum suspension with stable dispersion;
(3) The inlet temperature of the spray drying apparatus was set at 90 ℃ and the nitrogen flow rate was 414 L.h -1 And a feed rate of 4.5mL min -1 Then, introducing high-purity nitrogen for 20min to remove air remained in the gas circuit of the device; introducing the suspension dispersed in the step (2) into a two-fluid atomization nozzle by using a peristaltic pump, atomizing the suspension into fine fogdrops from the nozzle, introducing the fine fogdrops into a drying chamber, taking heated high-purity nitrogen as a drying medium, removing a liquid phase in the fogdrops, and forming dry solid particles, namely core-shell structure composite particles (nAl is a core, and FOX-7 and an adhesive are shells);
(4) And after the solid particles wrapped by the drying medium leave the drying chamber, carrying out gas-solid separation operation by using a cyclone separator to obtain the 1, 1-diamino-2, 2-dinitroethylene/nano aluminum powder composite energetic particles (marked as FOX-7/nAl composite energetic particles) in a collector.
The scanning electron microscope image (obtained by the scanning electron microscope test of Tescan Mira 3LMH model of Czech Tescan) and the particle size distribution diagram of the prepared FOX-7/nAl composite energetic particles are respectively shown in FIG. 1 and FIG. 2. As can be seen from figure 1, the FOX-7/nAl composite energetic particles have higher sphericity, and FOX-7 crystals, FOX-7 and F with blocky or strip-shaped appearance do not appear on the surface 2602 The surface of the particle is uniformly coated, and no naked agglomerated nano aluminum powder appears on the surface of the particle. As can be seen from FIG. 2, the particle size distribution range of the FOX-7/nAl composite energetic particles is 1.0-2.5 μm, and the particle size distribution is concentrated.
Example 2
In this example, FOX-7 and nAl were 75% and 20% by mass, respectively, and the rest was the same as in example 1.
The scanning electron microscope image and the particle size distribution diagram of the prepared FOX-7/nAl composite energetic particles are shown in figures 3 and 4. As can be seen from FIG. 3, the FOX-7/nAl composite energetic particles have a general sphericity, and can be seen to have a blocky FOX-7 crystal structure on the surface, the promotion effect of nAl on the nucleation is weakened, but nAl agglomeration phenomenon is not observed, which indicates that FOX-7 and F 2602 Better coating on nAl. As can be seen from FIG. 4, the particle size distribution range of the FOX-7/nAl composite energetic particles is 1.0-2.5 μm, and the particle size distribution is concentrated.
Example 3
In this example, FOX-7 and nAl were 85% and 10% by mass, respectively, and the rest was the same as in example 1.
The scanning electron microscope image and the particle size distribution diagram of the prepared FOX-7/nAl composite energetic particles are shown in FIGS. 5 and 6. As can be seen from FIG. 5, the sphericity of the FOX-7/nAl composite energetic particles is lower, the growth direction of the particles is more towards the direction of lamellar growth, the particles are mostly long-strip-shaped and consistent with the crystal habit of FOX-7, nAl agglomeration is still not observed, which indicates that FOX-7 and F 2602 Better coating on nAl. As can be seen from FIG. 6, the particle size distribution range of the FOX-7/nAl composite energetic particles is 0.75-2.0 μm, and the particle size distribution is concentrated.
The performance data of the FOX-7/nAl composite energetic particles prepared in examples 1-3 are shown in tables 1 and 2, wherein the impact sensitivity test is performed according to GJB772A-1997 method 601.3 and the test instrument is a 12-type impact sensitivity tester; surface element content was measured by Thermo ESCALAB 250XI model X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy from Thermo Fisher Scientific, usa:
table 1: results of testing the Density and impact sensitivity of FOX-7 as a raw Material and the composite energetic particles of examples 1 to 3
Figure BDA0003642843600000081
Table 2: test results of surface element content of FOX-7 as raw material and composite energetic particles of examples 1 to 3
Figure BDA0003642843600000082
As can be seen from Table 1, the FOX-7/nAl composite energetic particles prepared in examples 1 to 3 all have improved density and characteristic drop height, which shows that the FOX-7/nAl composite energetic particles all have better energy output capability and mechanical safety performance. As can be seen from Table 2, the surface of the nano aluminum powder is substantially coated by FOX-7 and F 2602 Coating, indicating that FOX-7 and F are achieved 2602 Better cladding on nAl; meanwhile, as can be seen from table 2, as the FOX-7 content increases, the contents of F and Al elements on the sample surface in the examples gradually decrease, indicating that the contents of the binder and nAl on the sample surface gradually decrease; with reference to fig. 1 to 6, it can be seen that: when the mass ratio of FOX-7 to nAl is 65; the concentration of the nano aluminum powder in the medium is increased, and the FOX-7 crystal nucleation promoting effect is good; the FOX-7/nAl mass ratio in the embodiment 1 is optimal and is 65:30.
the embodiment shows that the 1, 1-diamino-2, 2-dinitroethylene/nano aluminum powder composite energetic particles provided by the invention can effectively inhibit the spontaneous agglomeration of nano aluminum powder, so that the nano aluminum powder is uniformly distributed, the energy release rate of explosive detonation reaction and the reaction completeness of the nano aluminum powder can be enhanced, and the explosive has the characteristics of high detonation heat and high detonation temperature; and low mechanical sensitivity and good stability.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and decorations can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these modifications and decorations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (2)

1. The 1, 1-diamino-2, 2-dinitroethylene/nano aluminum powder composite energetic particle is characterized in that the composite energetic particle is of a core-shell structure and comprises nano aluminum powder, 1-diamino-2, 2-dinitroethylene and an adhesive, wherein the 1, 1-diamino-2, 2-dinitroethylene and the adhesive are coated on the surface of the nano aluminum powder;
the formula of the 1, 1-diamino-2, 2-dinitroethylene/nano aluminum powder composite energetic particle comprises the following components in percentage by mass:
the main components are as follows: 65% of 1, 1-diamino-2, 2-dinitroethylene and 30% of nano aluminum powder, wherein the nano aluminum powder is spherical aluminum powder with the particle size of 50-100 nm; adhesive agent: vinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene copolymer 5%;
the preparation method of the 1, 1-diamino-2, 2-dinitroethylene/nano aluminum powder composite energetic particle comprises the following steps:
(1) Weighing a certain mass of vinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene copolymer and 1, 1-diamino-2, 2-dinitroethylene according to the formula composition, dissolving in N, N-dimethylformamide, wherein the mass ratio of the 1, 1-diamino-2, 2-dinitroethylene to the N, N-dimethylformamide is 4; weighing a certain mass of nano aluminum powder and placing the nano aluminum powder into a 1, 1-diamino-2, 2-dinitroethylene solution to obtain a mixed solution;
(2) Placing the mixed solution prepared in the step (1) in an ultrasonic disperser at the temperature of 25 ℃, wherein the ultrasonic power is 300W, and simultaneously stirring by using a mechanical stirrer at the stirring speed of 600rpm, and performing ultrasonic stirring and dispersion for 15min to obtain a nano-aluminum suspension with stable dispersion;
(3) The inlet temperature of the spray drying apparatus was set to 90 ℃ and the nitrogen flow rate was set to 414 L.h -1 And a feed rate of 4.5mL min -1 Then, high-purity nitrogen is introduced for 20min to remove the packageAir reserved in the air path is placed; introducing the suspension dispersed in the step (2) into a two-fluid atomization nozzle by using a peristaltic pump, atomizing the suspension into fine fog drops from the nozzle, introducing the fine fog drops into a drying chamber, taking heated high-purity nitrogen as a drying medium, and removing a liquid phase in the fog drops to form dry solid particles, namely core-shell structure composite particles;
(4) After the solid particles wrapped by the drying medium leave the drying chamber, carrying out gas-solid separation operation by a cyclone separator to obtain 1, 1-diamino-2, 2-dinitroethylene/nano aluminum powder composite energetic particles in a collector; the particle diameter of the composite energetic particle is 1.0-2.5 mu m.
2. The use of the 1, 1-diamino-2, 2-dinitroethylene/nano-aluminum powder composite energetic particles as defined in claim 1 in insensitive solid propellants and insensitive pressure-loaded explosives.
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