CN114874057B - Press-fitting insensitive high polymer bonded explosive and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

Press-fitting insensitive high polymer bonded explosive and preparation method thereof Download PDF

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CN114874057B
CN114874057B CN202210428287.2A CN202210428287A CN114874057B CN 114874057 B CN114874057 B CN 114874057B CN 202210428287 A CN202210428287 A CN 202210428287A CN 114874057 B CN114874057 B CN 114874057B
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suspension
adhesive
polymer bonded
high polymer
explosive
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CN114874057A (en
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李小东
王晶禹
刘文杰
孙彦涛
杨玥
赵悦
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North University of China
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North University of China
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C06EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
    • C06BEXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
    • C06B25/00Compositions containing a nitrated organic compound
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C06EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
    • C06BEXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
    • C06B21/00Apparatus or methods for working-up explosives, e.g. forming, cutting, drying
    • C06B21/0091Elimination of undesirable or temporary components of an intermediate or finished product, e.g. making porous or low density products, purifying, stabilising, drying; Deactivating; Reclaiming

Abstract

The invention provides a press-fitting insensitive high polymer bonded explosive and a preparation method thereof, belonging to the technical field of energetic materials. The invention adopts the spray drying technology to complete the forming and drying of the powder in one step, the drying power comprises the saturation degree of the adhesive, a capillary tube and a diffusion mechanism, and the stronger drying power ensures that the adhesive has stronger coating effect on the explosive crystals, thereby solving the problem of poor safety performance of the pressed high polymer bonded explosive caused by weaker adhesive force between the adhesive and the explosive crystals, uneven distribution of the adhesive, low coating degree, larger particles and wide particle size distribution in the preparation process of the conventional high polymer bonded explosive.

Description

Press-fitting insensitive high polymer bonded explosive and preparation method thereof
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of energetic materials, in particular to a press-fitting insensitive high polymer bonded explosive and a preparation method thereof.
Background
Insensitive ammunition becomes the trend of ammunition development of countries all over the world. Standards for the evaluation and testing of insensitive ammunition were established in the united states and by the north convention, and many countries have required the use and loading of insensitive energetic materials in new weaponry. The advent of 1, 1-diamino-2, 2-dinitroethylene (FOX-7) was of great significance for the development of insensitive ammunition. As it appeared since 1998, FOX-7 has been widely noticed and studied by researchers in the field of energetic materials due to its excellent combination of properties, i.e., high energy density, low impact and friction sensitivity, and capability of passing insensitive ammunition tests such as fast-bake, slow-bake, bullet impact, etc., and better heat resistance. FOX-7 is taken as a representative of a new generation of high-energy insensitive energetic material, the energy of the FOX-7 is equivalent to that of cyclotrimethylenetrinitramine (RDX), the sensitivity is obviously reduced, the FOX-7 has good compatibility with other energetic materials and components, and the FOX-7 taken as a main explosive of high polymer bonded explosive can replace the RDX to be applied to the field of insensitive ammunition and has wide application value and development prospect in solid propellant, mixed explosive and the like.
The existing preparation process of the pressed high polymer bonded explosive is a water suspension method, and the process comprises the following steps: firstly, dissolving an adhesive in a solvent to prepare an adhesive solution with a certain concentration for later use; pouring explosive particles into a granulating kettle filled with distilled water, starting stirring, after the explosive particles are uniformly stirred, slowly dripping a binder solution into the aqueous suspension of the explosive particles by adopting a dropping method, and gradually binding the explosive particles into granules by the binder under the stirring action. Because the granulation power in the granulation process of the water suspension method mainly comes from the mechanical stirring action and the saturated precipitation of the adhesive, the adhesive force between the adhesive and the explosive crystal in the molding powder particles is weaker, the adhesive is unevenly distributed, the coating degree is low, the particles are larger and the particle size distribution is wide, and the safety performance of the existing press-fitting high polymer bonded explosive is poor.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a press-fitting insensitive high polymer bonded explosive and a preparation method thereof, which solve the technical problem of insufficient explosive safety performance caused by poor adhesion of an adhesive and explosive particles, low coating degree, larger particles and wide particle size distribution of the conventional press-fitting high polymer bonded explosive.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
the invention provides a preparation method of a pressed insensitive high polymer bonded explosive, which comprises the following steps: mixing 1, 1-diamino-2, 2-dinitroethylene with an anti-solvent to obtain an anti-solvent suspension;
dissolving a binder into the anti-solvent suspension to obtain a blended suspension;
simultaneously carrying out ultrasonic dispersion and mechanical stirring on the blended suspension to obtain stable suspension;
and carrying out spray drying on the stable suspension to obtain the pressed insensitive high polymer bonded explosive.
Preferably, the antisolvent is ethyl acetate, 1, 2-dichloroethane or acetone; the mass content of the 1, 1-diamino-2, 2-dinitroethylene in the anti-solvent suspension is 1-4%.
Preferably, the adhesive is composed of an ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer and a vinylidene fluoride and hexafluoropropylene copolymer, and the mass content of the ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer in the adhesive is 20-50%.
Preferably, the mass of the adhesive is 3-7% of the total mass of the adhesive and the 1, 1-diamino-2, 2-dinitroethylene.
Preferably, the 1, 1-diamino-2, 2-dinitroethylene has a median particle diameter D 50 Is 1 to 2 μm.
Preferably, the power of the ultrasonic dispersion is 270-360W; the speed of the mechanical stirring is 450-600 rpm, and the time of the ultrasonic dispersion and the mechanical stirring is 15-20 min.
Preferably, the inlet temperature of the spray drying is 70 to 90 ℃.
Preferably, the feed rate of the spray drying is 3.0 to 6.0 mL-min -1
Preferably, the drying medium adopted by the spray drying is high-purity nitrogen, and the flow rate of the high-purity nitrogen is 301 to 536 L.h -1
The invention provides a pressed insensitive high polymer bonded explosive prepared by the preparation method in the scheme, which comprises a 1, 1-diamino-2, 2-dinitroethylene inner core and an adhesive shell.
The invention provides a preparation method of a press-mounting insensitive high polymer bonded explosive, which comprises the following steps: mixing 1, 1-diamino-2, 2-dinitroethylene with an anti-solvent to obtain an anti-solvent suspension; dissolving a binding agent into the anti-solvent suspension to obtain a blended suspension; performing ultrasonic dispersion and mechanical stirring on the blended suspension liquid simultaneously to obtain a stable suspension liquid; and carrying out spray drying on the stable suspension to obtain the pressed insensitive high polymer bonded explosive. The invention adopts the spray drying technology to complete the forming and drying of the powder in one step, the drying power comprises the saturation degree of the adhesive, a capillary tube and a diffusion mechanism, and the stronger drying power ensures that the adhesive has stronger coating effect on the explosive crystals, thereby solving the problem of poor safety performance of the pressed high polymer bonded explosive caused by weaker adhesive force between the adhesive and the explosive crystals, uneven distribution of the adhesive, low coating degree, larger particles and wide particle size distribution in the preparation process of the conventional high polymer bonded explosive.
In addition, the method also has the advantage of simple preparation process.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is an SEM image of a pressed insensitive high polymer bonded explosive prepared in example 1;
fig. 2 is an SEM image of the press-packed insensitive high polymer bonded explosive prepared in comparative example 1.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a preparation method of a pressed insensitive high polymer bonded explosive, which comprises the following steps: mixing 1, 1-diamino-2, 2-dinitroethylene with an anti-solvent to obtain an anti-solvent suspension;
dissolving a binding agent into the anti-solvent suspension to obtain a blended suspension;
performing ultrasonic dispersion and mechanical stirring on the blended suspension liquid simultaneously to obtain a stable suspension liquid;
and carrying out spray drying on the stable suspension to obtain the pressed insensitive high polymer bonded explosive.
In the present invention, the starting materials used are all commercially available products well known in the art, unless otherwise specified.
The invention mixes 1, 1-diamino-2, 2-dinitroethylene with an anti-solvent to obtain an anti-solvent suspension.
In the present invention, the 1, 1-diamino-2, 2-dinitroethylene has a median particle diameter D 50 Preferably 1 to 2 μm. In the present invention, the antisolvent is preferably ethyl acetate, 1, 2-dichloroethane or acetone, more preferably ethyl acetate; the mass content of 1, 1-diamino-2, 2-dinitroethylene in the anti-solvent suspension is preferably 1 to 4%, more preferably 2 to 3%. In the present invention, mixing 1, 1-diamino-2, 2-dinitroethylene with an anti-solvent preferably comprises: 1, 1-diamino-2, 2-dinitroethylene is added to the anti-solvent.
After obtaining the anti-solvent suspension, the invention dissolves the adhesive into the anti-solvent suspension to obtain the blending suspension.
In the present invention, the binder is preferably composed of an ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer and a copolymer of vinylidene fluoride and hexafluoropropylene, and the mass content of the ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer in the binder is preferably 20 to 50%, and more preferably 30 to 40%. In the present invention, the mass of the binder is preferably 3 to 7%, more preferably 4 to 6%, of the total mass of the binder and 1, 1-diamino-2, 2-dinitroethylene. The invention has no special requirements on the dissolving process, and can completely dissolve the adhesive.
After the blending suspension is obtained, the blending suspension is subjected to ultrasonic dispersion and mechanical stirring simultaneously to obtain the stable suspension.
In the present invention, the power of the ultrasonic dispersion is preferably 270 to 360W, more preferably 280 to 350W, and further preferably 300 to 330W; the speed of the mechanical stirring is preferably 450-600 rpm, more preferably 500-550 rpm; the time of the ultrasonic dispersion and the mechanical stirring is preferably 15 to 20min. In the present invention, the ultrasonic dispersion and the mechanical stirring are preferably performed under room temperature conditions. The invention utilizes ultrasonic dispersion and mechanical stirring to improve the stability of explosive crystals in suspension, and prevents the condition of uneven coating of the adhesive in the spray drying process. In the invention, the model of the ultrasonic device used for ultrasonic dispersion is JY92-IIDN ultrasonic cell crusher, which is manufactured by Ningbo Xinzhi Biotechnology GmbH; the model of the mechanical stirring device used for mechanical stirring is JB90-S mechanical digital display stirrer manufactured by Shanghai Meipu Instrument manufacturing Co.
After the stable suspension is obtained, the invention carries out spray drying on the stable suspension to obtain the pressed insensitive high polymer bonded explosive.
In the present invention, the inlet temperature of the spray drying is preferably 70 to 90 ℃, more preferably 75 to 85 ℃. The invention controls the inlet temperature in the range, thereby not only avoiding that the reagent for dissolving the adhesive can not be heated and evaporated in the spray drying process due to the excessively low inlet temperature and further causing the failure of the granulation process, but also preventing the crystal transformation phenomenon of the energetic material due to the excessively high inlet temperature and reducing the stability of the crystal. In the present invention, the feed rate of the spray drying is preferably 3.0 to 6.0 mL-min -1 More preferably 4.0 to 5.0 mL/min -1 . The invention can ensure the preparation efficiency and simultaneously control the feeding rate within the rangeAnd better coating effect can be ensured. In the invention, the drying medium used for spray drying is preferably nitrogen, and the flow rate of the nitrogen is preferably 301 to 536 L.h -1 . In the present invention, the nitrogen gas is preferably a high purity nitrogen gas (purity greater than 99.999%).
Before feeding, the invention preferably injects high-purity nitrogen for 20min to remove residual air in the device and the pipeline. In the present invention, a spray dryer of type B-290, a two-fluid nozzle having a nozzle diameter of 0.7mm, manufactured by Swiss Steve laboratory instruments Ltd, was used.
In the spray drying process, stable suspension liquid is introduced into a double-fluid fog nozzle of a spray drying device, atomized into fine fog drops, and enters a drying chamber, heated high-purity nitrogen is used as a drying medium to realize the fog drop drying process, after particles wrapped by the drying medium leave a drying tower, gas-solid separation is carried out by a cyclone separator, and a powder product, namely the press-fitting insensitive high polymer bonded explosive, is obtained in a collector.
The invention adopts the spray drying technology to finish the forming and drying of the powder in one step, the drying power comprises the saturation of the adhesive, a capillary tube and a diffusion mechanism, the stronger drying power ensures that the adhesive has stronger coating effect on the explosive crystal and more uniform coating, the adhesive force between the adhesive and the explosive crystal is increased, and the obtained pressed high polymer bonded explosive has narrow particle size distribution, good shape stability, low mechanical sensitivity and good safety performance.
The invention provides a pressed insensitive high polymer bonded explosive prepared by the preparation method in the scheme, which comprises a 1, 1-diamino-2, 2-dinitroethylene inner core and an adhesive shell.
In the invention, the particle size of the press-fit insensitive high polymer bonded explosive is preferably 0.7-2.02 μm.
The press-fitting high polymer bonded explosive disclosed by the invention has a core-shell structure, is narrow in particle size distribution, good in shape stability and low in mechanical sensitivity, namely has good safety performance.
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to the following examples, but they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.
The ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymers of the examples were obtained from the petrochemical Yanshan petrochemical company, china, and the vinylidene fluoride and hexafluoropropylene copolymers were obtained from the Haoyuan plastics, inc., huizhou.
The appearance of the samples in the following examples was tested and implemented by a scanning electron microscope model Tescan Mira 3LMH from Czech Tescan; surface element content was performed by Thermo ESCALAB 250XI model X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy from Thermo Fisher Scientific, usa; the impact sensitivity test is implemented according to a method 601.3 of national military standard GJB772A-1997 explosive test method of the people's republic of China, and the test instrument is a 12-type impact sensitivity tester.
Example 1
The composition and preparation process parameters of the pressed high polymer bonded explosive (calculated by mass percent) in the embodiment are as follows:
main explosive: FOX-7, 95%; a binder system: ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, 1%; vinylidene fluoride and hexafluoropropylene copolymers, 4%.
The specific steps of this embodiment are:
(1) Weighing FOX-7, adding the FOX-7 into ethyl acetate, wherein the mass ratio of FOX-7 to ethyl acetate is 2:98, obtaining an anti-solvent suspension; weighing ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer and vinylidene fluoride and hexafluoropropylene copolymer, dissolving in an anti-solvent suspension, and preparing into a blended suspension;
(2) Placing the container in which the blending suspension prepared in the step (1) is in an ultrasonic disperser at the temperature of 25 ℃, wherein the ultrasonic power is 270W, stirring by using a mechanical stirrer at the stirring speed of 600rpm, and ultrasonically stirring and dispersing for 20min to obtain a stable suspension;
(3) The spray drying device was started with an inlet temperature of 80 ℃ and a nitrogen flow of 414 L.h -1 Introducing high-purity nitrogen (purity greater than 99.999%) for 20min to remove residual air in the device and pipeline, and feeding at 4.5 mL/min with peristaltic pump -1 The stable suspension of step (2)And (3) introducing the mixture into a two-fluid atomization nozzle of a spray drying device, atomizing the suspension dispersed in the step (2) into fine droplets, allowing the fine droplets to enter a drying chamber, using heated high-purity nitrogen as a drying medium to realize a droplet drying process, carrying out gas-solid separation operation by using a cyclone separator after particles wrapped by the drying medium leave a drying tower, and obtaining a powder product in a collector, namely the high polymer bonded explosive. The product is observed by a scanning electron microscope and shown in figure 1.
As shown in figure 1, a uniform and compact adhesive shell layer is arranged on the surface of the FOX-7 crystal, and the particle size distribution of the pressed high polymer bonded explosive formed by coating is mainly concentrated between 0.7 and 2.02 mu m.
Comparative example 1
Main explosive: FOX-7, 95%; binder system: ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, 1%; vinylidene fluoride and hexafluoropropylene copolymer, 4%.
The FOX-7 base high polymer bonded explosive is prepared by adopting the traditional water suspension process. The specific steps of this embodiment are:
(1) Dissolving 0.05g of ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer and 0.20g of vinylidene fluoride and hexafluoropropylene copolymer in ethyl acetate to form a 5wt% binder solution;
(2) Dispersing 4.70g of FOX-7 in 20mL of deionized water, placing the mixture in a water bath kettle, heating and stirring the mixture at 65 ℃, gradually dropwise adding the prepared adhesive solution into aqueous suspension of the FOX-7, controlling the rotating speed (300 rpm) and the vacuum degree (0.04 Mpa) until the suspension is clear and agglomerated yellow particles appear, and filtering, washing and drying the suspension to obtain the press-mounting insensitive high polymer bonded explosive. The product is observed by scanning electron microscope and shown in figure 2. As can be seen from FIG. 2, the binder on the surface of the FOX-7 crystal has uneven coating, irregular holes and cracks, and the particle size is in the range of micrometer to centimeter.
The results of the impact sensitivity test for the different embodiments are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 impact sensitivity test results for raw material FOX-7 and example 1 and comparative example 1
Sample (I) Characteristic drop height (H) 50 /cm)
FOX-7 95.5
Example 1 136.7
Comparative example 1 116.3
As can be seen from Table 1, the characteristic drop heights of example 1 and comparative example 1 are 136.7cm and 116.3cm, respectively, and the impact sensitivity is reduced by 43.14% and 21.78% respectively compared with the raw material, and example 1 has better impact safety performance.
The surface element contents of the raw material FOX-7 and the explosives of example 1 and comparative example 1 are shown in Table 2.
TABLE 2 surface element content (at%) of explosive of raw material FOX-7 and example 1 and comparative example 1
Sample(s) C N O F
FOX-7 26.72 40.03 33.25 -
Example 1 30.05 23.34 21.72 24.89
Comparative example 1 27.80 30.84 25.29 16.07
As shown in Table 2, the fluorine content of the surface of example 1 was 54.88% higher than that of comparative example 1, and the binder content of the surface of example 1 was higher.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and decorations can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these modifications and decorations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (7)

1. A preparation method of a pressed insensitive high polymer bonded explosive is characterized by comprising the following steps:
mixing 1, 1-diamino-2, 2-dinitroethylene with an anti-solvent to obtain an anti-solvent suspension; the median particle diameter D of the 1, 1-diamino-2, 2-dinitroethylene 50 1-2 μm; the anti-solvent is ethyl acetate, 1, 2-dichloroethane or acetone;
dissolving a binding agent into the anti-solvent suspension to obtain a blended suspension; the adhesive consists of an ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer and a vinylidene fluoride and hexafluoropropylene copolymer, wherein the mass content of the ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer in the adhesive is 20-50%;
performing ultrasonic dispersion and mechanical stirring on the blended suspension liquid simultaneously to obtain a stable suspension liquid; the power of the ultrasonic dispersion is 270-360W; the speed of the mechanical stirring is 450-600 rpm, and the time of the ultrasonic dispersion and the mechanical stirring is 15-20 min;
and carrying out spray drying on the stable suspension to obtain the pressed insensitive high polymer bonded explosive.
2. The process according to claim 1, wherein the antisolvent suspension has a mass content of 1, 1-diamino-2, 2-dinitroethylene of 1 to 4%.
3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the mass of the binder is 3 to 7% of the total mass of the binder and 1, 1-diamino-2, 2-dinitroethylene.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the inlet temperature of the spray drying is 70 to 90 ℃.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the spray-drying is performed at a feed rate of 3.0 to 6.0 mL-min -1
6. The method according to claim 1, wherein the drying medium used for the spray drying is high-purity nitrogen gas having a flow rate of 301 to 536L-h -1
7. The pressed insensitive polymer bonded explosive prepared by the preparation method of any one of claims 1 to 6, which comprises a 1, 1-diamino-2, 2-dinitroethylene inner core and a bonding agent outer shell.
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