CN114873963A - Graphite electric heating plate, preparation method and indoor heating structure - Google Patents
Graphite electric heating plate, preparation method and indoor heating structure Download PDFInfo
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- CN114873963A CN114873963A CN202210426272.2A CN202210426272A CN114873963A CN 114873963 A CN114873963 A CN 114873963A CN 202210426272 A CN202210426272 A CN 202210426272A CN 114873963 A CN114873963 A CN 114873963A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
- C04B28/02—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing hydraulic cements other than calcium sulfates
- C04B28/04—Portland cements
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
- F24D13/00—Electric heating systems
- F24D13/02—Electric heating systems solely using resistance heating, e.g. underfloor heating
- F24D13/022—Electric heating systems solely using resistance heating, e.g. underfloor heating resistances incorporated in construction elements
- F24D13/024—Electric heating systems solely using resistance heating, e.g. underfloor heating resistances incorporated in construction elements in walls, floors, ceilings
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
- F24D19/00—Details
- F24D19/10—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
- F24D19/1096—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for electric heating systems
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
- H05B3/10—Heater elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor
- H05B3/12—Heater elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor characterised by the composition or nature of the conductive material
- H05B3/14—Heater elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor characterised by the composition or nature of the conductive material the material being non-metallic
- H05B3/145—Carbon only, e.g. carbon black, graphite
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
- H05B3/20—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
- C04B2111/90—Electrical properties
- C04B2111/94—Electrically conducting materials
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2201/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values
- C04B2201/50—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values for the mechanical strength
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
- Y02W30/91—Use of waste materials as fillers for mortars or concrete
Abstract
The invention relates to a graphite electric heating plate, a preparation method and an indoor heating structure, which are prepared by embedding electrodes into cement mortar for forming and curing, wherein the cement mortar comprises cement, graphite solid waste, a water reducing agent and water, the graphite solid waste consists of quartz schists, graphite tailings and spherical graphite tailings, the mass ratio of the water to the cement is 1: 1.8-2.2, the mass ratio of the cement to the graphite solid waste is 1: 2.8-3.2, and the using amount of the water reducing agent is 1.2-2.4% of the mass of the cement; the amount of the spherical graphite tailings accounts for 6-11% of the total mass of the cement, the graphite solid waste and the water reducing agent, and the amount of the graphite tailings accounts for 2.4% -4.4% of the total mass of the cement, the graphite solid waste and the water reducing agent. The graphite electric heating plate is fixed on the side wall of the room framework structure to realize indoor heating. The invention has the advantages of low cost, large heating area, quick temperature rise, small temperature difference with the environment, free control of heating time, indoor heating body and no heat loss of outdoor pipelines.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of building materials, in particular to a graphite electric heating plate, a preparation method and an indoor heating structure.
Background
The heating mode mainly comprises central heating, gas heating, indoor air-conditioning heating and the like, in the central heating mode, radiators and floor heating are widely applied in the city at the present stage, but for single-storey buildings and industrial plants, most of heat is diffused downwards, so that the heat efficiency of floor heating is low, and the radiators and the floor heating are both in a water heating mode, a plurality of pipelines are provided, and the heat loss is high; the problem of uneven temperature distribution is easily caused by air-conditioning heating. At present, a small amount of electric heating pieces are used for heating on a floor, but floor tiles or wood floors paved on the upper layer are thick, so that the heat transfer efficiency can be reduced, and meanwhile, the temperature is reduced from bottom to top in the heating process of floor heating, and the temperature is uneven.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the technical defects, provides a graphite electric heating plate, a preparation method and an indoor heating structure, and solves the technical problems of high heat loss and non-uniform temperature of floor heating in the prior art.
In order to achieve the technical purpose, the technical scheme of the graphite electric heating plate is as follows:
the electrode is embedded into cement mortar to be molded and cured, the cement mortar is prepared by embedding the electrode into the cement mortar, and the raw materials of the cement mortar comprise cement, graphite solid waste, a water reducing agent and water, wherein the graphite solid waste consists of quartz schist, graphite tailings and spherical graphite tailings, the mass ratio of the water to the cement is 1: 1.8-2.2, the mass ratio of the cement to the graphite solid waste is 1: 2.8-3.2, and the amount of the water reducing agent is 1.2-2.4% of the mass of the cement; the amount of the spherical graphite tailings accounts for 6-11% of the total mass of the cement, the graphite solid waste and the water reducing agent, and the amount of the graphite tailings accounts for 2.4% -4.4% of the total mass of the cement, the graphite solid waste and the water reducing agent.
Further, the cement is silicate cement; the water reducing agent is a polycarboxylic acid water reducing agent; the granularity of the quartz schist is 0.5 mm-5 mm, and the granularity of the graphite tailings is 0.5 mm-3 mm.
Further, the electrode adopts a stainless steel net.
The preparation method has the technical scheme that the preparation method comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing cement mortar from cement, graphite solid waste, a water reducing agent and water;
(2) and embedding the electrode into cement mortar to form and maintain to obtain the graphite electric heating plate.
Furthermore, the electrode is embedded into the cement mortar by adopting a two-electrode method, and the forming maintenance is to firstly maintain for two days at room temperature, then to demould, and then to maintain for 28 days in a standard maintenance room.
The technical scheme of the indoor heating structure of the invention is as follows:
the electric heating plate is connected with a temperature control system, the temperature control system is used for controlling the working state of the electric heating plate to realize indoor temperature control, and the electric heating plate adopts the graphite electric heating plate.
Further, the electric heating plate is installed on the side wall of the room framework structure through a high-density XPS extruded sheet; the thickness of the electric heating plate is 5-40 mm, and the thickness of the high-density XPS extruded sheet is 25-35 mm.
Furthermore, the height of the side wall of the room framework structure is h, the height of the electric heating plate from the ground is h1, and h1 is more than 0 and less than 1/2 h.
Furthermore, the area of the electric heating plate accounts for 1/10-1/5 of the total area of the side wall of the room framework structure.
Further, the temperature control system is connected with a digital display thermometer.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the graphite electric heating plate is prepared by utilizing the graphite solid waste, the graphite electric heating plate is used as an indoor heat source, the conductivity of the residual graphite in the graphite solid waste is utilized, meanwhile, the waste generated in the graphite ore mining process is utilized, and the novel graphite electric heating plate is prepared by utilizing the waste, so that the cost is saved. The electric heating plate can be applied to industrial plants and single-storey buildings, and clean and green roof photovoltaic power generation and wind power generation can be used as power supplies. Under the condition of distributed heating, compared with electric water heating, the structure of the invention has the advantages that although the heat conversion efficiency is close to that of the electric water heating, the cost is low, the heating area is large, the temperature rise is fast (the temperature rise temperature is 20.1-95.3 ℃ in 2 h), the heating plate area is large, the heating temperature can be reduced, the temperature difference with the environment is small, and the human body is comfortable; under the condition of distributed heating, the structure of the invention is more environment-friendly and more convenient than gas water heating. The distributed heating of the invention is more energy-saving than the centralized heating, the heating time can be freely controlled, the heating body is indoors, and the heat loss of outdoor pipelines does not exist.
Furthermore, the invention also solves the problem of arrangement in the electric heating plate chamber, and under the condition of the same heating area, the arrangement mode of the graphite electric heating plate of the invention has the best temperature rise for the room and better energy-saving effect.
Furthermore, the high-density XPS extruded sheet is used as the outermost layer of the wall composite material, so that the effects of heat preservation and energy conservation can be achieved, and the heat loss is smaller.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the arrangement of the present invention. Wherein: 1-power supply bolt, 2-temperature control system, 3-lead, 4-ground, 5-lead wire box, 6-electric heating plate and 7-electrode.
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the structure of the electric heating plate and the electrode of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the room skeleton architecture of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a diagram showing the temperature measuring point of the total side wall area 1/10 occupied by the heat generating area and the arrangement position of the electric heating plates, wherein (a) is single-sided heating and (b) is double-sided heating.
Fig. 5 is a temperature-time graph of the heat generation area in the vertical direction of the total side wall area 1/10, wherein (a) is single-sided heating and (b) is double-sided heating.
Fig. 6 is a temperature-time graph of the heat generation area in the horizontal direction with respect to the total side wall area 1/10, in which (a) is single-sided heating and (b) is double-sided heating.
FIG. 7 shows the temperature measuring point of the total area 1/7 of the side wall of the heating area and the arrangement position of the electric heating plates, wherein (a) is double-sided heating and (b) is triple-sided heating.
Fig. 8 is a temperature-time graph in the vertical direction of the heat generation area to the total side wall area 1/7, in which (a) is double-sided heating and (b) is triple-sided heating.
Fig. 9 is a horizontal temperature-time graph of heat generating area to total side wall area 1/7, where (a) is double-sided heating and (b) is triple-sided heating.
FIG. 10 is a view showing the temperature measuring point of the total side wall area 1/5 occupied by the heat generating area and the arrangement position of the electric heating plates, wherein (a) is double-sided heating and (b) is triple-sided heating.
Fig. 11 is a temperature-time graph in the vertical direction of the heat generation area to the total side wall area 1/5, in which (a) is double-sided heating and (b) is triple-sided heating.
Fig. 12 is a horizontal temperature-time graph of heat generation area to total side wall area 1/5, where (a) is double-sided heating and (b) is triple-sided heating.
FIG. 13 is a diagram showing the distribution of temperature measuring points and electric heating plates, where the heating area is 1/2 total side wall area, and (a) is a distribution diagram of heating and temperature measuring points at the lower part of the wall, and (b) is a distribution diagram of heating and temperature measuring points at the upper part of the wall.
Fig. 14 is a temperature-time graph of heat generation area in a vertical direction occupying total side wall area 1/2, wherein (a) is four-sided lower heating and (b) is four-sided upper heating.
Fig. 15 is a graph of horizontal temperature versus time for heat generation area as a total area 1/2 of the side walls, wherein (a) is four-sided lower heating and (b) is four-sided upper heating.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
The invention relates to an indoor heating structure of a graphite electric heating plate, which comprises: the room comprises a room framework structure, a high-density XPS extruded sheet, an electric heating plate, a temperature control system and a digital display thermometer, wherein the specific arrangement mode is shown in figure 1, the room framework structure comprises a ground 4, a plurality of side walls and a roof, the high-density XPS extruded sheet is installed on the side walls, the electric heating plate 6 is glued on the high-density XPS extruded sheet, the glue is building glue, the specific type is 108 glue, and the spraying thickness is 1 mm; the electric hot plate 6 is provided with an electrode 7, the electrode 7 is connected with the temperature control system 2 through a wire 3, the wire 3 is installed in a wire wiring box 5, the temperature control system 2 is provided with a digital display thermometer capable of displaying indoor real-time temperature, the temperature control system 2 is communicated with a power supply through a power supply plug pin 1, the temperature control system 2 is provided with a temperature measuring device and a controller, and the indoor temperature and the set temperature are kept consistent by controlling the switch of the electric hot plate 6, so that the purpose of controlling the temperature is achieved. The high-density XPS extruded sheet is placed in a room model skeleton structure, and the thickness of the extruded sheet is 25-35mm, and preferably 30 mm.
The electric heating plate is a graphite electric heating plate, wherein the doping amount of spherical graphite tailings (relative to the total mass of cement, graphite solid waste and a water reducing agent) is 6-11%, and the specific preparation steps comprise:
uniformly mixing tap water, a water reducing agent and graphite solid waste according to the water-glue ratio of 1: 1.8-2.2 and the glue-sand ratio of 1: 2.8-3.2 to prepare cement mortar, wherein the water reducing agent is a proper amount of polycarboxylic acid water reducing agent added according to the fluidity of the cement mortar; and (3) putting an electrode in the mould, pouring the uniformly mixed cement mortar, compacting, curing for two days, forming, demoulding, and putting the mould into a standard curing chamber for curing for later use.
Wherein, the water-cement ratio is the ratio of the water consumption per cubic meter of concrete to the gel material consumption, and the cement-sand ratio is the ratio of the gel material consumption to the sand consumption.
The gel material is cement; the cement is ordinary portland cement, 52.5. The sand mainly refers to graphite solid waste and comprises quartz schist, graphite tailings and spherical graphite tailings.
A large amount of mining waste rocks are generated in the process of mining graphite ores, the graphite tailings are tailings generated in the process of purifying graphite, the spherical graphite tailings are broken fine crystalline flake graphite, no industrial recycling case exists, and the graphite tailings are all produced from Yunshan in North of Royal of Heilongjiang. Among the materials contained in the graphite solid waste, quartz schist and graphite tailings are mainly used for enhancing the mechanical strength of the plate, and spherical graphite tailings are mainly used for conducting. The granularity of the quartz schist is 0.5 mm-5 mm, and the granularity of the graphite tailings is 0.5 mm-3 mm. The usage amount of the graphite tailings accounts for 2.4-4.4% of the total mass of the cement, the graphite solid waste and the water reducing agent, and is preferably 3-4% (namely the usage amount of the graphite tailings preferably accounts for 40% of the mass of the spherical graphite tailings).
The electrodes are made of stainless steel mesh materials and are arranged by a dipolar method, specifically, the arrangement is shown in figure 2, two electrodes are placed in a mould firstly, and then cement mortar is poured for curing and forming.
Example 1 (examining the influence of the amount of spherical graphite tailing on the resulting electric heating plate)
The mixing amount of the spherical graphite tailings is 6-11% of the total mass of the cement, the graphite solid waste and the water reducing agent, the using amount of the graphite tailings is 2.4-4.4% of the total mass of the cement, the graphite solid waste and the water reducing agent, the glue-cement ratio is 1:2, the glue-sand ratio is 1:3, and the water reducing agent with a proper amount of cement mass is added according to the fluidity of cement mortar.
The preparation process of the graphite electric heating plate comprises the steps of preparing a sample in a laboratory, adding tap water, a polycarboxylate superplasticizer and spherical graphite tailings into a stirring pot, uniformly stirring by using a glass rod, pouring cement into the stirring pot, starting an automatic mode of a cement mortar stirrer for stirring for 2 times, adding quartz schists during stirring for the 3 rd time, and preparing the graphite electric heating plate with the doping amount of 6-11% according to the conductive cement mortar mixing ratio shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 conductive cement mortar compounding ratio
The cement mortar after stirring is put into a test mould with a corresponding size, an electrode net is embedded (by a dipolar method), a cement mortar compaction table is used for compacting, the mould is demoulded after being cured for two days at the room temperature of 20 ℃, and the mould is put into a standard curing room for curing for 28 days. The volume resistivity and the compressive and flexural strength of the wall are measured after being dried at 50 ℃ after being cured, and can meet the requirements of the wall.
The high-density XPS extruded sheet is arranged in a room model skeleton structure, and the thickness of the high-density XPS extruded sheet is 30 mm; the graphite electric heating plate is glued on the high-density XPS extruded sheet and is arranged at the middle lower part of the room, and the graphite electric heating plate is directly connected with a temperature control system. The graphite electric heating plate is mainly arranged at the lower position of the middle part of the wall body. The electric heating plate is prepared and tested according to the following two groups of conditions:
(1) six electric heating plates with the spherical graphite tailing doping amount of 6-11% are prepared according to the proportion, the size of each electric heating plate is 40mm x 160mm, the temperature is room temperature during test, the power supply voltage is alternating current 36V, the voltage is not higher than 36V, and the voltage is safe voltage; recording the temperature rise result of the surface of the electric heating plate after being electrified for 2 hours; before the temperature rise test, the electric heating plates with different mixing amounts are separately subjected to mechanical property tests (WAY-300 type full-automatic bending and compression testing machine, and the mechanical properties are tested after standard maintenance for 28 days), and the results are shown in the following table 2.
TABLE 2 electrothermal plate Properties of different spherical graphite tailing blending amounts
As can be seen from Table 2, the temperature rise of the material is 20.1-95.3 ℃ in 2h, the volume resistivity is 2.66-70.48 omega.m, the compressive strength is 25.55-35.20 MPa, and the flexural strength is 7.89-9.28 MPa; the spherical graphite tailing doping amount is preferably 8-10% of that of cement mortar, and the obtained electric heating plate has proper temperature.
The graphite electric heating plates are applied to a room model for a heating test, the electric heating plates with different graphite mixing amounts obtained by the invention are correspondingly laid in different ways in a room, and the different arrangement ways and the corresponding graphite mixing amount electric heating plates are matched for use, so that the room is uniformly and efficiently heated, and the electric heating plate has an industrial application prospect.
As shown in FIG. 3, the room framework has a length, width and height of 550mm, 400mm and 300mm, respectively, the high density XPS extruded sheet has a thickness of 30mm, and the lengths and widths of the 8%, 9% and 10% doped graphite electric heating plates are 100 x 340mm 2 、100*170mm 2 、100*490mm 2 The thickness is 10 mm; thermocouples are arranged at different positions of a room, the thermocouples are used for measuring the temperature change conditions of different heights in the room and different positions at the same height, temperature data are recorded once at intervals of 10min, the influence of different heating setting modes on the indoor thermal environment is analyzed from three angles of the indoor temperature rise condition, the horizontal temperature field and the vertical temperature field of the whole room, and the quality of the heating of the whole room by the heating position arrangement is judged.
Application example 1 heating area occupying total side wall area 1/10
As shown in fig. 4, the target temperature of the graphite electric heating plate is set to 60 ℃, the electric heating plate and the temperature measuring points are arranged as shown in the figure, the room height z is 300mm, 150mm and 0mm, three surfaces are arranged, and each surface is respectively provided with a thermocouple for measuring the temperature at the four corners and the center. Calculating the average temperature values at different heights according to the data of different temperature measuring points to obtain a vertical temperature-time change diagram; the results of the horizontal temperature-time curve graph are respectively drawn by selecting three sections with the height z of 150mm and the longitudinal selection y of 0mm,225mm and 550 mm.
Indoor vertical temperature
As shown in fig. 5, it can be seen from the graph of the temperature change with time that when the single-side heating is performed, after the indoor temperature is stabilized, the average temperatures of the planes with the heights of 0mm, 150mm and 300mm of the laboratory are respectively 27 ℃, 28.9 ℃ and 30.3 ℃, the temperature rise gradually tends to be stabilized, and the temperature rise rates at different heights can be found to be close to each other, wherein when the time is 80min, the temperature rise rates at three positions reach stability when z is 150mm and 300mm, the temperature rise rates slowly increase at the following, but the speed increase is slow, and finally the temperature rise rates are close to gentle, and the maximum temperature gradient at the three heights is 4 ℃; the reason for this may be that the house model thermal environment reaches equilibrium within 40min to 80min, and reaches a new equilibrium state after 80 min; when the double-sided heating is carried out, after the indoor temperature is stable, the average temperatures of planes with the heights of 0mm, 150mm and 300mm of a laboratory are respectively 25.3 ℃, 37.6 ℃ and 25.3 ℃, then the temperature rise gradually becomes stable, the temperatures at the positions where z is 0mm and z is 300mm are almost completely consistent, the reason may be that when two heating surfaces are symmetrically arranged, the indoor temperature field of the room is symmetrical, and the maximum temperature gradient temperature is 12.3 ℃. Compared with double-sided heating, when the electric hot plate and the electric hot plate are set to the same target temperature, the single-sided heating is slightly lower in final temperature, but the temperature gradient is smaller, the room model thermal environment enables people to be more comfortable, and the temperature rise condition is more stable.
Indoor horizontal temperature
As shown in fig. 6, it can be seen from the graph of the temperature change with time that, when the room model is heated on a single side, the average temperatures of y 0mm,225mm and 550mm on the plane with the height of 150mm are 40 ℃, 28 ℃ and 27.9 ℃, respectively, and then the temperature rise gradually tends to be stable, the maximum temperature difference is close to 12.1 ℃, although the heating rates at different heights are basically stable, the single maximum temperature difference is too large, which is easy to cause discomfort, and the reason for causing the too large temperature difference is that the temperature is too high when the single side of the room model is heated, the temperature is too high when the single side of the room model is close to the narrow side, the temperature is highest in the room near the heating sheet, the temperature is relatively close when y 225mm and y 550mm, but the temperature near the heating side is still difficult to reach; when the heating surface selects double-sided heating, after the indoor temperature is stable, the laboratory selects the average temperature of y 0mm,225mm and 550mm on a plane with the height of 150mm as 44.9 ℃, 24.9 ℃ and 44.8 ℃, the temperature rise gradually tends to be stable, the maximum temperature difference of the whole room model in the horizontal direction is 20 ℃, the maximum temperature difference is still large at the moment, the horizontal temperature field also tends to be symmetrical, and compared with single-sided wall heating, the two temperature gradients are very large.
By analyzing the vertical temperature diagram and the horizontal temperature diagram, the heating effect is better and the thermal environment of the room model is more comfortable when the single-side heating with the heating area of 150 × 300 is selected in the room model.
Application example 2 heat generating area occupying total side wall area 1/7
As shown in FIG. 7, the target temperature of the graphite electric heating plate is set to 50 ℃, the electric heating plate and the temperature measuring points are arranged as shown in the figure, the room height z is 300mm, 150mm and 0mm, three surfaces are arranged, and each surface is respectively provided with a thermocouple at the four corners and the center for measuring temperature. Calculating the average temperature values at different heights according to the data of different temperature measuring points to obtain a vertical temperature-time change diagram; the results of the horizontal temperature-time curve graph are respectively drawn by selecting three sections with the height z of 150mm and the longitudinal selection y of 0mm,225mm and 550 mm.
Indoor vertical temperature
As shown in FIG. 8, it can be seen from the temperature-time graph that the heat generation area is 150 × 300 × 2mm when the heat generation area is arranged in the room model 2 When two heating surfaces are selected, after the indoor temperature is stable, the average temperature of the plane of the laboratory with the height of 0mm, 150mm and 300mm is 32.5 ℃, 35.1 ℃ and 35 ℃, and then the temperature is gradually increased to be stable; when three surfaces are selected for heating, after the indoor temperature is stable, the average temperature of the laboratory at the planes with the heights of 0mm, 150mm and 300mm is 26.9 ℃, 32 ℃ and 30.2 ℃ respectively; it can be seen that the heating rates of the three heating surfaces are stable at different heights, the maximum vertical temperature difference is 2.6 ℃ and 5.1 ℃, when the two surfaces are heated, the heating effect of the whole room model is better and the indoor temperature is more stable by selecting the two surfaces from the vertical temperature difference.
Indoor horizontal temperature
As shown in fig. 9, it can be seen from the graph of the temperature change with time that when the two surfaces are heated, the average temperatures of the room model in the plane with the height of 150mm are 40 ℃, 33.9 ℃ and 40.1 ℃ respectively when the average temperature of y is 0mm,225mm and 550 mm; when three surfaces are heated, the average temperature of y which is 0mm,225mm and 550mm is 45 ℃, 35 ℃ and 30 ℃ respectively; then the temperature gradually becomes stable; the maximum temperature difference is 6.2 ℃ and 15 ℃, the temperature in the room model is stable in 10min under the three conditions, the horizontal temperature difference is small during double-sided heating, the reason for analyzing the temperature difference is probably that when two surfaces are selected for heating, the temperature in the whole room is more uniform when the area of a heating surface is larger and easier, and compared with the heating of three surfaces, although the heating surface is more cooked, the heating area is too small, and the heating effect on the center of the room space is poor. So that the double-sided arrangement is now better.
By combining the vertical temperature diagram and the horizontal temperature diagram, the double-sided heating effect is better when the heating area occupies 1/7 of the total side wall area no matter the vertical temperature diagram or the horizontal temperature difference.
Application example 3 heat generation area occupying total side wall area 1/5
As shown in FIG. 10, the target temperature of the graphite electric heating plate is set to 40 ℃, the electric heating plate and the temperature measuring points are arranged as shown in the figure, the room height z is 300mm, 150mm and 0mm, three surfaces are arranged, and each surface is respectively provided with a thermocouple at the four corners and the center for measuring temperature. Calculating the average temperature values at different heights according to the data of different temperature measuring points to obtain a vertical temperature-time change diagram; the results of the horizontal temperature-time curve graph are respectively drawn by selecting three sections with the height z of 150mm and the longitudinal selection y of 0mm,225mm and 550 mm.
Indoor vertical temperature
As shown in fig. 11, it can be seen from the time-dependent temperature graph that when two heating surfaces are arranged in the room model, and two adjacent heating surfaces are selected, after the room temperature is stabilized, the average temperatures of the planes of the laboratory at heights of 0mm, 150mm and 300mm are 33.8 ℃, 37.1 ℃ and 36 ℃, respectively, and thereafter the temperature rise gradually becomes stable; when three surfaces are selected for heating, after the indoor temperature is stable, the average temperatures of planes with the heights of 0mm, 150mm and 300mm in a laboratory are 31 ℃, 35.3 ℃ and 32.6 ℃ respectively; it can be seen that the heating rates of the three heating surfaces are stable at different heights, the maximum vertical temperature difference is 3.3 ℃ and 4.3 ℃, when the two surfaces are heated, the heating effect of the whole room model is better and the indoor temperature is more stable due to the selection of the two surfaces from the vertical temperature difference.
Indoor horizontal temperature
As shown in fig. 12, it can be seen from the graph of the temperature change with time that when the two adjacent surfaces are heated, the average temperatures of the room model in the plane with the height of 150mm are 40 ℃, 42.5 ℃ and 35 ℃ respectively when y is 0mm,225mm and 550mm are selected; when three surfaces are heated, the average temperature of y which is 0mm,225mm and 550mm is 42.9 ℃, 32.4 ℃ and 43.1 ℃ respectively; then the temperature gradually becomes stable; the maximum temperature difference is 5 ℃ and 10.5 ℃ respectively, the horizontal temperature difference is small when double-sided heating is carried out, the analysis reason may be that when two surfaces are selected for heating, the temperature in the whole room is more uniform when the area of a heating surface is large and easy, and compared with the heating of three narrow surfaces, the heating effect on the center of the room space is better, and the indoor average temperature is more stable after the room space is stabilized. So that the arrangement is better for the broad face at this time.
By combining the analysis of the vertical temperature diagram and the horizontal temperature diagram, the heating area is 1/5 occupying the total area of the side wall, and the double-sided arrangement effect is better.
Comparative example heating surface area to side wall Total area 1/2
As shown in fig. 13, the target temperature of the graphite electric heating plate is set to 30 ℃, the electric heating plate and the temperature measuring points are arranged as shown in the figure, the room height z is 300mm, 150mm and 0mm, three surfaces are arranged, and each surface is respectively provided with a thermocouple for measuring the temperature at the four corners and the center. Calculating the average temperature values at different heights according to the data of different temperature measuring points to obtain a vertical temperature-time change diagram; the results of the horizontal temperature-time curve graph are respectively drawn by selecting three sections with the height z of 150mm and the longitudinal selection y of 0mm,225mm and 550 mm.
Indoor vertical temperature
As shown in fig. 14, it can be seen from the temperature-time graph that when the heating position is at the lower half part of the wall, after the indoor temperature is stabilized, the average temperature of the laboratory at the planes with the heights of 0mm, 150mm and 300mm are respectively 24.2 ℃, 24.3 ℃ and 25.3 ℃, and then the temperature rise gradually becomes stable, and the temperature rise rate is found to be the highest at the different heights, wherein the reason is that the temperature rise is caused by the fact that the cold air is heated and then rises, the flow is formed in the whole laboratory, and the maximum vertical gradient in the whole room is 1 ℃; when the heating position is on the upper part of the wall, after the indoor temperature is stable, the average temperatures of planes with the heights of 0mm, 150mm and 300mm of the laboratory are respectively 19.5 ℃, 15.8 ℃ and 23.4 ℃, then the temperature rise gradually tends to be stable, the temperature rise rate is found to be the highest when the temperature rise rate is 150mm at different heights, the reason is that the heat source is at the position close to the middle part of the room, cold air is heated in the room model, cold and hot alternation begins to be formed at the position of the middle part of the model, the hot air rises and sinks, a better convection heat exchange condition is formed at the position, therefore, the temperature rise rate is higher, and the maximum vertical gradient in the whole room is 8 ℃.
Indoor horizontal temperature
As shown in fig. 15, it can be seen from the temperature-time graph that when the heating position is at the lower half part of the wall, after the indoor temperature is stable, the laboratory selects the average temperatures of y 0mm,225mm and 550mm at the plane with the height of 150mm, which are respectively 27.2 ℃, 28.4 ℃ and 27.3 ℃, and then the temperature rise gradually becomes stable, the maximum temperature difference does not exceed 1.1 ℃, and the temperature rise rate at different heights can be found to be the highest at y 225mm because the cold air is heated and then rises after being heated at the position where the y 225mm plane belongs to the strongest convection heat transfer of gas, and the temperature rises due to the formation of flow in the whole laboratory; when the heating position is on the upper part of the wall, after the indoor temperature is stable, the laboratory selects the plane with the height of 150mm that y is 0mm,225mm and 550mm are 21.2 ℃, 20.8 ℃ and 21.3 ℃ respectively, then the temperature rise gradually tends to be stable, the temperature rise rate at different heights can be found, the temperature rise rate is the highest when y is 225mm, at the moment, the heat source is at the position above the middle part in the room, the cold air is heated in the room model, the cold and hot alternation starts to be formed at the middle part of the model, the hot air rises and the cold air sinks, a better convection heat exchange condition is formed at the position, therefore, the temperature rise rate is higher, and the maximum vertical gradient in the whole room is 0.8 ℃.
The two kinds of indoor heating plate of contrast arrange the condition discovery, synthesize two kinds of horizontal temperature differences and perpendicular temperature difference results, compare in arranging the heating surface and lean on the position at indoor middle part, arrange the heating surface and lean on lower department at the middle part, there is better heat transfer indoor, and perpendicular difference in temperature is less, the not co-altitude department reaches and stabilizes the back temperature value also comparatively close, consequently when arranging the heating surface indoor, arrange the heat source in the position that leans on down in the middle part of the wall body best, the whole travelling comfort in room is higher.
The electric heating plates with different graphite doping amounts obtained by the method correspond to different laying modes in a room, and the different arrangement modes and the corresponding electric heating plates with the graphite doping amounts are matched for use, so that the room is uniformly and efficiently heated, and the method has an industrial application prospect.
The graphite electric heating plate is mainly arranged at the lower position in the middle of the wall body; the spherical graphite tailing mixing amount is 8%, 9% and 10%, the size of the electric heating plate is three specifications of 100mm x 170mm,100mm x 340mm and 100mm x 490mm, wherein the 10% spherical graphite tailing mixing amount electric heating plate is used for indoor single-side heating application, the 9% spherical graphite tailing mixing amount electric heating plate is selected during double-side heating, and 8% is used for room four-side heating; when the area that generates heat accounted for lateral wall total area 1/10, the single face heating effect is better, and when the area that generates heat accounted for lateral wall total area 1/7, the two-sided heating effect is better, and when the area that generates heat accounted for lateral wall total area 1/5, the two-sided heating effect was better.
The invention is especially suitable for clean heating of single buildings, has low heating cost, no pollution and flexible arrangement, can be additionally arranged and reformed in old buildings, adopts small wind power and roofing photovoltaic power generation as power supplies, relies on the energy-saving composite wall material developed by the project for heating, and has wide popularization prospect. And the structural plate is used as a wall material, and the heat-insulating layer is arranged on the outer side of the structural plate, so that the heat loss is less.
The above-described embodiments of the present invention should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. Any other corresponding changes and modifications made according to the technical idea of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the claims of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The graphite electric heating plate is characterized by being prepared by embedding an electrode into cement mortar for forming and curing, wherein the cement mortar comprises cement, graphite solid waste, a water reducing agent and water, the graphite solid waste consists of quartz schists, graphite tailings and spherical graphite tailings, the mass ratio of the water to the cement is 1: 1.8-2.2, the mass ratio of the cement to the graphite solid waste is 1: 2.8-3.2, and the amount of the water reducing agent is 1.2-2.4% of the mass of the cement; the amount of the spherical graphite tailings accounts for 6-11% of the total mass of the cement, the graphite solid waste and the water reducing agent, and the amount of the graphite tailings accounts for 2.4% -4.4% of the total mass of the cement, the graphite solid waste and the water reducing agent.
2. The graphite electric hot plate according to claim 1, wherein the cement is portland cement; the water reducing agent is a polycarboxylic acid water reducing agent; the granularity of the quartz schist is 0.5 mm-5 mm, and the granularity of the graphite tailings is 0.5 mm-3 mm.
3. The graphite electric hot plate of claim 1, wherein the electrodes are made of stainless steel mesh.
4. A method of manufacturing an electrothermal plate of graphite according to any of claims 1 to 3, comprising the steps of:
(1) preparing cement mortar from cement, graphite solid waste, a water reducing agent and water;
(2) and embedding the electrode into cement mortar to form and maintain to obtain the graphite electric heating plate.
5. The method of claim 4 wherein the electrodes are embedded in the cement mortar by a two-electrode method, and the forming and curing are carried out by curing at room temperature for two days, then demoulding, and curing in a standard curing chamber for 28 days.
6. An indoor heating structure, characterized by comprising a room skeleton structure and electric heating plates fixed on the side walls of the room skeleton structure, wherein the electric heating plates are connected with a temperature control system, the temperature control system is used for controlling the working state of the electric heating plates to realize indoor temperature control, and the electric heating plates adopt the graphite electric heating plates according to any one of claims 1-3.
7. An indoor heating structure according to claim 6, wherein the electric heating plate is installed on the side wall of the room skeleton structure by a high density XPS extruded sheet; the thickness of the electric heating plate is 5-40 mm, and the thickness of the high-density XPS extruded sheet is 25-35 mm.
8. An indoor heating structure according to claim 6, wherein the height of the side wall of the room frame structure is h, and the height of the electric heating plates from the ground is h1, 0 < h1 < 1/2 h.
9. An indoor heating structure according to claim 6, wherein the area of the electric heating plate is 1/10-1/5 of the total area of the side wall of the room skeleton structure.
10. An indoor heating structure according to claim 6, wherein the temperature control system is connected to a digital display thermometer.
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| CN117105593A (en) * | 2023-08-11 | 2023-11-24 | 广东中寓再生建筑科技有限公司 | Durable concrete and preparation method thereof |
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