CN114856589B - Wedge-shaped cutting tooth, preparation method thereof and reinforcing method of shield tunneling machine cutter head - Google Patents
Wedge-shaped cutting tooth, preparation method thereof and reinforcing method of shield tunneling machine cutter head Download PDFInfo
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- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 title description 2
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- SQQMAOCOWKFBNP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(II) sulfate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O SQQMAOCOWKFBNP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 5
- LGQLOGILCSXPEA-UHFFFAOYSA-L nickel sulfate Chemical compound [Ni+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O LGQLOGILCSXPEA-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 5
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- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel Substances [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- UONOETXJSWQNOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten carbide Chemical compound [W+]#[C-] UONOETXJSWQNOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D9/00—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries
- E21D9/06—Making by using a driving shield, i.e. advanced by pushing means bearing against the already placed lining
- E21D9/08—Making by using a driving shield, i.e. advanced by pushing means bearing against the already placed lining with additional boring or cutting means other than the conventional cutting edge of the shield
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/12—Both compacting and sintering
- B22F3/14—Both compacting and sintering simultaneously
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F5/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the special shape of the product
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C26/00—Alloys containing diamond or cubic or wurtzitic boron nitride, fullerenes or carbon nanotubes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C30/00—Alloys containing less than 50% by weight of each constituent
- C22C30/02—Alloys containing less than 50% by weight of each constituent containing copper
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D3/00—Electroplating: Baths therefor
- C25D3/02—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions
- C25D3/56—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions of alloys
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D5/00—Electroplating characterised by the process; Pretreatment or after-treatment of workpieces
- C25D5/20—Electroplating using ultrasonics, vibrations
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F5/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the special shape of the product
- B22F2005/001—Cutting tools, earth boring or grinding tool other than table ware
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/25—Process efficiency
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- Metallurgy (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention discloses a diamond-impregnated wedge-shaped cutting tooth for a shield machine, which consists of two parts including diamond and no diamond, wherein YG12, ni, cu-Re and Fe metal powder are used as matrix materials of the cutting tooth, and the matrix materials have good affinity with the diamond and can be effectively fused. The invention discloses a preparation method of diamond-impregnated wedge-shaped cutting teeth for a shield machine, which adopts an enhanced hot pressing method with the temperature of 990-1070 ℃ and the pressure of 22-35 MPa to manufacture the diamond-impregnated wedge-shaped cutting teeth, thereby realizing the high hardness and the high wear resistance of the diamond-impregnated wedge-shaped teeth. The invention discloses a manufacturing method of a strengthened cutter head for a shield machine, diamond-impregnated wedge-shaped cutting teeth are firmly connected with the cutter head in a temperature difference interference fit manner, the wear resistance of the outer edge of the cutter head is strengthened by adopting an ultrasonic diamond electroplating method, and the consolidation effect of the wedge-shaped cutting teeth and the cutter head is strengthened.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a shield machine used in underground trenchless construction and subway and underground large-scale pipeline laying construction, which relates to a method for manufacturing wedge-shaped cutting teeth and strengthening a cutter head for excavating by the shield machine; in particular to a manufacturing method of diamond cutting teeth required in underground non-excavation engineering of a hard rock stratum and reinforcement of a cutter head of a shield tunneling machine, belonging to the field of drilling engineering; also belongs to the field of powder metallurgy materials and tools thereof.
Background
The non-excavation engineering, subway and tunnel engineering of China develop rapidly in nearly twenty years, the shield machine is widely applied, the encountered stratum changes greatly, the stratum of the fourth year, the filling layer of various materials, weathered rock stratum and hard and complete rock stratum are provided, the performance requirements of the shield machine are different, particularly, the probability of drilling hard and complete rock stratum by the shield machine is increased, the current hard alloy cutting teeth are not enough in wear resistance, more importantly, the construction speed in the rock stratum is very slow, the construction period is delayed, and the construction cost is improved; meanwhile, although the cutter head of the shield machine is sprayed with large-particle tungsten carbide materials, the wear resistance of the cutter head is improved but still not strong enough, so that the cutter head is quickly worn, the service life of the whole cutter head is influenced, and the service life of cutting teeth is further directly influenced; this is an urgent problem to be solved.
Therefore, the construction cost of the shield tunneling machine can be reduced and the construction benefit can be improved only by fundamentally adopting scientific and technical measures and comprehensively improving the quality from the aspect of improving the hardness and the wear resistance of the cutter head and the cutting teeth, and substantial breakthrough and progress are made in the non-excavation engineering of rock stratum construction.
Disclosure of Invention
An object of the present invention is to solve at least the above problems and to provide at least the advantages described later.
The invention also aims to provide the diamond-impregnated wedge-shaped cutting tooth for the shield machine, a preparation method of the diamond-impregnated wedge-shaped cutting tooth for the shield machine and a manufacturing method of a reinforced cutter head for the shield machine. The special advantage of the broken rock of the hot-pressing impregnated diamond wedge-shaped cutting tooth is improved, the high hardness and high wear resistance characteristics of the impregnated diamond cutting tooth are improved, the strength of the matrix coated with diamond and the good edge-cutting effect of the diamond are considered, and the final aim of cutting the rock of the shield machine with high efficiency and long service life can be achieved.
To achieve these objects and other advantages in accordance with the purpose of the invention, there is provided a diamond-impregnated wedge-shaped cutting tooth for a shield machine, including a non-diamond layer bonding part and a diamond layer wedge-shaped working part which are integrally formed, the non-diamond layer bonding part being embedded in a cutter head of the shield machine, the non-diamond layer bonding part including a portion where the wedge-shaped cutting tooth is embedded in the cutter head and a portion covered with a diamond-containing nickel-manganese alloy plating wear-resistant layer; the non-diamond layer consolidation part is prepared from a matrix material, and the diamond layer wedge-shaped working part is prepared by mixing the matrix material and diamond;
the matrix material is metal powder of 300-320 meshes and comprises YG12, ni, cu-Re and Fe;
the diamond includes diamond with a grain size of 30-40 mesh and 40-50 mesh.
It should be noted that the scientific structure and shape of the wedge-shaped tooth can effectively crush hard and compact rocks, and the wedge-shaped tooth can realize self-sharpening along with the progress of drilling, so that the shield construction target with high efficiency and long service life can be realized.
Specifically, the YG12, ni, cu-Re and Fe metal powders in the matrix material respectively account for 46-54%, 14-18%, 15-19% and 14-20% in mass percentage; the mass contents of 30-40 mesh diamond and 40-50 mesh diamond in the diamond respectively account for 35-40% and 60-65%.
The four metal powders in the matrix material have good affinity with diamond, and can effectively interact with the diamond under the enhanced hot pressing condition, so that effective fusion is realized.
The matrix material components YG12, ni, cu-Re and Fe four kinds of superfine metal powder have good complementary action in the wedge-shaped cutting tooth matrix, and play a role in improving the comprehensive mechanical property of the cutting tooth matrix; meanwhile, the diamond-impregnated wedge-shaped cutting tooth has the functions of effectively bonding and embedding diamond, and has excellent comprehensive mechanical properties. The matrix material has low Cu-Re alloy content, high YG12 framework material content and good compatibility of Ni and Fe with YG12 and Cu-Re, and can ensure the necessary high hardness and high wear resistance of the diamond-impregnated wedge-shaped cutting tooth. The Cu-Re alloy refers to an alloy material of Cu and rare earth metals of lanthanum and strontium.
The matrix of the wedge-shaped cutting tooth does not contain Cu-Sn alloy or Cu-Sn-Zn alloy which is necessary when the diamond-impregnated bit is manufactured by a common hot pressing method, so that the matrix metal material is favorable for realizing solid-phase sintering molding under the conditions of high temperature and high pressure of enhanced hot pressing, the high wear resistance of the diamond-impregnated bit is realized, the good diamond cutting effect is considered, and the shield drilling target with high efficiency and long service life can be realized.
Preferably, the percentage concentration of the diamond grinding wheel in the diamond layer wedge-shaped working part is 82-95%.
Specifically, the diameter of the non-diamond layer consolidation part is 20-40 mm, the diameter of the bottom of the wedge-shaped working part of the diamond layer is 20-40 mm, the width of the top of the wedge-shaped working part of the diamond layer is 8-12 mm, the height of the wedge-shaped working part of the diamond layer is 15-20 mm, the wedge angle alpha of the wedge-shaped working part of the diamond layer is 15-25 degrees, and the total height of the cutting teeth is 40-50 mm.
The invention provides a preparation method of diamond-impregnated wedge-shaped cutting teeth for a shield machine, which comprises the following steps: and mixing the matrix material of the non-diamond layer consolidation part, the matrix material of the diamond layer wedge-shaped working part and the diamond, then loading the mixture into a three-high graphite mold according to requirements, placing the mold into a medium-frequency hot-pressing sintering furnace, starting a sintering procedure, discharging the mold, molding and demolding to obtain the diamond-impregnated wedge-shaped cutting tooth.
Specifically, the sintering temperature is 990-1070 ℃, the pressure is 22-35 MPa, the heat preservation and pressure maintaining time is 7.5-10.0 min, and the sintering material is cooled to 650-700 ℃ along with the furnace after heat preservation and pressure maintaining and taken out of the furnace.
Specifically, the temperature rise speed of the first 4min in the sintering procedure is 90 ℃/min, then the temperature rise speed is 110 ℃/min, and the pressure is raised to 8MPa when the temperature reaches 600 ℃.
The enhanced hot pressing method can greatly improve the high-temperature and high-pressure action on the wedge-shaped teeth, improve the relative sliding, crushing and plastic deformation of powder particles, accelerate the rearrangement and volume diffusion mechanism of the particles, and accelerate the densification process of a wedge-shaped cutting tooth matrix, thereby greatly enhancing the interaction and effective fusion between metal powder and between the metal powder and diamond, effectively improving the high hardness and high wear resistance of the wedge-shaped cutting teeth, and being beneficial to improving the rock crushing effect of the cutting teeth.
The invention provides a manufacturing method of a reinforced cutter head for a shield machine, which is characterized in that a diamond-impregnated wedge-shaped cutting tooth is connected with a cutter head steel body of the shield machine in an interference fit manner by a temperature difference method, the wedge-shaped cutting tooth is firmly connected with the cutter head steel body by the interference technique of the temperature difference method, and the embedding depth of the wedge-shaped tooth of 25-30 mm is adopted in the interference fit manner so as to improve the consolidation strength of the wedge-shaped cutting tooth; strengthening the diamond-impregnated wedge-shaped cutting tooth part fixedly bonded on the outer edge of the cutter head by adopting an ultrasonic diamond electroplating method; the wear resistance of the end part of the outer edge of the cutter head is strengthened, and meanwhile, the function of assisting in solidifying the wedge-shaped cutting teeth can be achieved.
Preferably, an ultrasonic diamond electroplating method is adopted to strengthen the wear resistance of the cutter head, and a nickel-manganese alloy plating solution is adopted in the ultrasonic diamond electroplating procedure;
230-240 g/L of nickel sulfate, 6-7 g/L of manganese sulfate, 35-40 g/L of boric acid and 15-18 g/L of sodium chloride in the nickel-manganese alloy plating solution;
the parameters of the ultrasonic electroplating process are as follows: ultrasonic frequency of 28KHz and sound intensity of 0.9-1.2W/cm 2 Current density of 0.01-0.012A/cm 2 The temperature is 30-35 ℃, the pH value is 4.2-5.0, and the thickness of the electroplated diamond layer is 1.8-2.2 mm.
The ultrasonic electroplating diamond layer is formed by mixing and electroplating 40-50 meshes of diamond and 60-70 meshes of diamond, the diamond is in a diamond grade SMD40, the concentration of the diamond in the electroplating diamond layer is 95%, the thickness of the ultrasonic electroplating diamond layer is 1.8-2.2 mm, and the high wear resistance of the electroplating diamond layer of the cutter head of the shield tunneling machine can be ensured.
Because the cutter head is made of medium-carbon high-alloy steel (40 CrNiMoA), the common nickel-manganese alloy electroplating is directly adopted, and the high-strength binding force is difficult to obtain, special activated electrolyte is required to be designed for pretreatment before plating, and the diamond and nickel-manganese alloy plating layer can be firmly bound with the cutter head to form a firm wear-resistant layer, so that the high wear resistance of the cutter head is realized.
Preferably, the method for ultrasonically electroplating diamond specifically comprises the following steps: the part of the cutter head to be plated is soaked in the activating solution for 4-5 min, then enters into the electroplating bath, and is treated again before being electrified for electroplating, and the current density is 6-8A/dm 2 Electroplating for 5-6 min, and ultrasonic gold electroplatingIn the diamond procedure.
NiCl in the activation solution 2 The content is 200-220 g/L, and the HCl content is 180-200 g/L.
Electroplating a diamond-containing nickel-manganese alloy wear-resistant layer with the thickness of 1.8-2.2 mm at the position of the outer edge of the cutter head fixedly connected with the wedge-shaped cutting teeth by adopting an ultrasonic diamond electroplating method, wherein the diamond-containing nickel-manganese alloy wear-resistant layer is the ultrasonic electroplated diamond layer, so that the wear-resistant effect of the cutting teeth and the cutter head of the shield machine can be effectively enhanced, and the service lives of the cutter head and the wedge-shaped cutting teeth can be obviously prolonged; and the diamond-impregnated wedge-shaped cutting teeth can be reinforced.
The invention adopts the comprehensive analysis and preferred combination principle, and fully analyzes the characteristics and advantages of the diamond-impregnated wedge-shaped cutting teeth for cutting hard and compact rocks and the effective technical advantages of the optimized matrix material of the wedge-shaped cutting teeth and the optimized and matched enhanced hot-pressing process parameters from the principle of rock breaking.
The diamond-impregnated wedge-shaped cutting tooth of the invention is used as a cutting tool for breaking rock: (1) the wedge-shaped cutting tooth is considered to have a smaller stress surface, small resistance to drilling hard to hard and compact rock and favorable for cutting into the rock, and the lower part of the wedge-shaped cutting tooth is cylindrical and has high bending strength; (2) when the side surface of the wedge-shaped cutting tooth participates in rock breaking in the drilling process, the rock and the generated rock powder abrade the side surface of the wedge-shaped tooth, so that the wedge-shaped tooth is beneficial to self-sharpening, and long-time effective shield drilling can be maintained until the wedge-shaped tooth is completely consumed; (3) the matrix material system of the wedge-shaped tooth is unique, is essentially different from the matrix material of a common hot-pressing diamond drill bit, has low content of bonding metal material, is beneficial to improving and optimizing the matching of enhanced hot-pressing process parameters, and is beneficial to realizing high hardness and high wear resistance of the wedge-shaped tooth; (4) the advantages of high temperature and high pressure of the enhanced hot pressing method can be exerted, the optimally designed matrix materials of the diamond-impregnated cutting teeth are matched, the interaction between the matrix metal materials and the diamonds is greatly enhanced, the effective fusion and the embedding of the matrix metal to the diamonds are realized, and the goal of manufacturing the high-performance and high-quality diamond-impregnated cutting teeth by the enhanced hot pressing method is achieved.
The invention at least comprises the following beneficial effects:
1. the unique diamond-impregnated wedge-shaped cutting tooth matrix material is scientifically matched with enhanced hot pressing process parameters, so that solid-phase sintering of the cutting tooth matrix material can be realized, the effects of high hardness and high wear resistance of the diamond-impregnated wedge-shaped cutting tooth for a shield machine are achieved, and the shield drilling target with high efficiency and long service life is realized.
2. Because the preferable selection of the matrix material is matched with the optimization of the manufacturing method and the technological parameters, the matrix of the diamond-impregnated wedge-shaped cutting tooth manufactured by the invention has the following performance: hardness HRC 46-52, abrasion resistance (0.28-0.35) x 10 -5 ML, the bending strength reaches 750-800 MPa; far exceeds the mechanical property of the diamond-impregnated bit manufactured by a common hot pressing method, and lays a firm foundation for prolonging the service life of the diamond-impregnated wedge-shaped tooth.
3. The unique and scientific diamond-impregnated wedge-shaped cutting tooth has the advantages that the shape and the structural parameters of the diamond-impregnated wedge-shaped cutting tooth not only play a main role of breaking rock at the front edge of the diamond cutting tooth in the process of cutting broken rock, but also have a certain grinding effect on the side surface of the cutting tooth due to the fact that the side surface of the cutting tooth can participate in extruding broken rock, so that the wedge-shaped tooth has a self-sharpening effect and can be maintained to be completely worn, the cutting effect is good, and the service life is long. Therefore, the method is beneficial to improving the drilling efficiency, can also realize the self-sharpening effect of the wedge-shaped teeth in the drilling process, and keeps the aims of stably and effectively cutting rocks of the cutting teeth and the cutter head of the shield machine.
4. The diamond-impregnated wedge-shaped cutting tooth with high hardness and high wear resistance has the advantages that the strength of diamond-impregnated wedge-shaped cutting tooth matrix is high, the friction coefficient between the cutting tooth and rock is changed, the friction wear mechanism between the cutting tooth and the rock is qualitatively changed, the cutting tooth matrix can slightly advance the diamond wear, the timely and effective exposure of diamond is ensured, and the drilling speed is high and stable; these properties are not achievable with conventional hot pressing methods and cemented carbide cutting teeth of conventional construction.
5. The matrix material of the diamond-impregnated wedge-shaped cutting tooth in the invention is as follows: YG12, ni, cu-Re, fe four kinds of superfine metal powder, their content ratio is 46-54%, 14-18%, 15-19%, 14-20% respectively; under the enhanced hot pressing process and conditions: the temperature is 990-1070 ℃, the pressure is 22-35 MPa, the heat preservation and pressure maintaining time is 7.5-10.0 min, the loss or segregation of metal of the cutting tooth matrix can not occur, and the compact and uniform design of the diamond-impregnated wedge-shaped cutting tooth matrix and the excellent and stable mechanical property of the matrix can be favorably realized.
6. After the enhanced hot pressing technology is adopted, the diamond in the matrix of the drill bit is preliminarily detected, and an MeC layer, namely a C-MeC-Me combination transition layer, appears on the surfaces of matrix metal and the diamond, although the layer is discontinuous and has small area, the diamond and the matrix metal material realize chemical combination to a certain degree, so that the combination strength can be greatly improved, the mechanical embedding combination is not always considered, and the cognition of the traditional concept is changed. This creates good conditions for improving the wear resistance of diamond-impregnated cutting teeth and improving the service life of diamond-impregnated wedge-shaped cutting teeth.
7. Firmly connecting the wedge-shaped cutting teeth with the cutter head steel body by adopting a temperature difference interference fit technology; the wear-resisting effect of the cutter head is improved by adopting the ultrasonic diamond electroplating technology; the manufacturing method of the diamond-impregnated wedge-shaped cutting tooth and the reinforced cutter ring for the shield machine is far beyond the service life of the cutting tooth and the cutter head of the shield machine manufactured by the conventional method, and creates good shield drilling effect and shield drilling economic and technical indexes.
8. According to the method, during shield construction in rock, the comprehensive aging of the cutter head and the diamond cutting teeth is improved by about 27%, the service life is prolonged by 23%, and the unit footage cost is reduced by about 15%.
Additional advantages, objects, and features of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows and in part will become apparent to those having ordinary skill in the art upon examination of the following or may be learned from practice of the invention.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a sectional view of a plane structure of a diamond-impregnated wedge-shaped cutting tooth and a cutter head steel body for a shield machine, which are combined together;
FIG. 2 isbase:Sub>A sectional view taken along line A-A of FIG. 1 in accordance with the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic view of a diamond impregnated wedge cutter according to the present invention.
In the above drawings, the correspondence between each reference number and each component is as follows:
1-diamond-impregnated wedge teeth; 2-the bottom end surface of a cutter head steel body of the shield tunneling machine; 3, a cutter head slag discharge port of the shield tunneling machine; 4-wedge cutting the tooth top surface; 5-electroplating a diamond strengthening part on the cutter head; d-diamond-impregnated wedge cutting tooth diameter; b-the tooth tip width of the wedge cutting tooth; an alpha-wedge cutting tooth wedge angle; the H-wedge-shaped cutting teeth are all high; h 1-the height of the diamond layer wedge-shaped working part exposed outside the diamond strengthening part on the cutter head; h 2-the height of the non-diamond layer consolidation part embedded in the cutter head; k-is the height of the reserved electroplated diamond layer.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further described in detail below with reference to examples so that those skilled in the art can practice the invention with reference to the description.
It should be noted that the experimental methods described in the following embodiments are all conventional methods unless otherwise specified, and the reagents and materials described therein are commercially available unless otherwise specified.
< example 1>
The embodiment provides a shield constructs machine and uses impregnated diamond wedge cutting tooth, including integrated into one piece's non-diamond layer consolidation portion and diamond layer wedge working portion, non-diamond layer consolidation portion inlays in the shield constructs quick-witted blade disc. The non-diamond layer consolidation part is of a cylindrical structure, and the diamond layer wedge-shaped working part is of a wedge-shaped structure. As shown in fig. 3, the non-diamond layer bonded portion is a portion embedded in the cutter head steel body, and in fig. 3, is a wedge-shaped cutting tooth portion corresponding to h2 and k. The wedge-shaped working part of the diamond layer is a part exposed outside the strengthening part of the electroplated diamond on the cutter head, and is a wedge-shaped cutting tooth part corresponding to h1 in figure 3.
The wedge-shaped cutting tooth has the structure and parameters that the diameter of the non-diamond layer bonding part is 20-40 mm, the diameter of the bottom of the diamond layer wedge-shaped working part is 20-40 mm, the width of the top of the diamond layer wedge-shaped working part is 8-12 mm, the height of the diamond layer wedge-shaped working part is 15-20 mm, the wedge angle alpha of the diamond layer wedge-shaped working part is 15-25 degrees, and the total height of the cutting tooth is 40-50 mm.
< example 2>
The embodiment provides a diamond-impregnated wedge-shaped cutting tooth for a shield machine, which comprises a non-diamond layer bonding part and a diamond layer wedge-shaped working part which are integrally formed, wherein the non-diamond layer bonding part is prepared from a matrix material, the diamond layer wedge-shaped working part is prepared by mixing the matrix material and diamond, and the diamond grinding wheel preparation percentage concentration in the diamond layer wedge-shaped working part is 82%;
the matrix material is metal powder of 300-320 meshes and comprises YG12, ni, cu-Re and Fe;
the diamond includes diamond with a grain size of 30-40 mesh and 40-50 mesh.
The YG12, ni, cu-Re and Fe metal powder contents in the matrix material respectively account for 46%, 15%, 19% and 20%;
the content of 30-40 mesh diamond and 40-50 mesh diamond in the diamond accounts for 35% and 65% respectively, and the diamond grade is SMD40 type.
< example 3>
The embodiment provides a diamond-impregnated wedge-shaped cutting tooth for a shield machine, which comprises a non-diamond layer bonding part and a diamond layer wedge-shaped working part which are integrally formed, wherein the non-diamond layer bonding part is prepared from a matrix material, the diamond layer wedge-shaped working part is prepared by mixing the matrix material and diamond, and the diamond grinding wheel preparation percentage concentration in the diamond layer wedge-shaped working part is 95%;
the matrix material is metal powder of 300-320 meshes and comprises YG12, ni, cu-Re and Fe;
the diamond includes diamond with a grain size of 30-40 mesh and 40-50 mesh.
The YG12, ni, cu-Re and Fe metal powder contents in the matrix material respectively account for 54%, 17%, 15% and 14%;
the content of 30-40 mesh diamond and 40-50 mesh diamond in the diamond accounts for 40% and 60% respectively, and the diamond grade is SMD40 type.
< example 4>
The embodiment provides a shield constructs machine and uses impregnated diamond wedge cutting tooth, including integrated into one piece's non-diamond layer consolidation portion and diamond layer wedge work portion, non-diamond layer consolidation portion is prepared by matrix material, diamond layer wedge work portion is mixed by matrix material and diamond and is prepared, diamond grinding wheel system percentage concentration in the diamond layer wedge work portion is 87%;
the matrix material is metal powder of 300-320 meshes and comprises YG12, ni, cu-Re and Fe;
the diamond includes diamond with a grain size of 30-40 mesh and 40-50 mesh.
The YG12, ni, cu-Re and Fe metal powder contents in the matrix material respectively account for 50%, 16%, 17% and 17%;
the content of 30-40 mesh diamond and 40-50 mesh diamond in the diamond accounts for 38% and 62% respectively, and the diamond grade is SMD40 type.
< example 5>
The embodiment provides a preparation method of diamond-impregnated wedge-shaped cutting teeth for a shield machine, which comprises the following steps: and mixing the matrix material of the non-diamond layer consolidation part, the matrix material of the diamond layer wedge-shaped working part and the diamond, then loading the mixture into a three-high graphite mold according to requirements, placing the mold into a medium-frequency hot-pressing sintering furnace, starting a sintering procedure, discharging the mold, molding and demolding to obtain the diamond-impregnated wedge-shaped cutting tooth.
In the sintering procedure, the sintering temperature is 990 ℃, the pressure is 22MPa, the heat preservation and pressure maintaining time is 7.5min, and the sintering material is cooled to 650 ℃ along with the furnace after heat preservation and pressure maintaining and taken out of the furnace.
The temperature rise speed is 90 ℃/min in the first 4min in the sintering procedure, then the temperature rise speed is 110 ℃/min, and the pressure is raised to 8MPa when the temperature reaches 600 ℃.
< example 6>
The procedure of this example is the same as example 5 except that the sintering temperature is 1070 ℃, the pressure is 35MPa, the heat and pressure maintaining time is 10.0min, and the sintering process is followed by furnace cooling to 700 ℃ and tapping.
< example 7>
The procedure of this example is the same as that of example 5, except that the sintering temperature is 1020 ℃, the pressure is 30MPa, the heat and pressure maintaining time is 8.0min, and the product is cooled to 660 ℃ with the furnace after heat and pressure maintaining and taken out of the furnace.
< example 8>
The embodiment provides a manufacturing method of a reinforced cutter head for a shield machine, the reinforced cutter head is as shown in fig. 1 and fig. 2, a round hole with the diameter matched with a non-diamond layer fixing part of a wedge-shaped tooth is drilled on a cutter head steel body, a diamond-impregnated wedge-shaped cutting tooth is embedded into the drilled round hole in an interference fit manner by adopting a temperature difference method, and then the position of the diamond-impregnated wedge-shaped cutting tooth fixed on the outer edge of the cutter head is reinforced by adopting an ultrasonic diamond electroplating method;
the method for electroplating diamond by ultrasonic wave adopts nickel-manganese alloy plating solution;
diamond parameters of the ultrasonic electroplated diamond layer: the granularity is 40-50 meshes accounting for 50%, the granularity is 60-70 meshes accounting for 50%, the diamond grade SMD40 type is manufactured, and the percentage concentration of the diamond grinding wheel is 95%;
230g/L of nickel sulfate, 7g/L of manganese sulfate, 35g/L of boric acid and 18g/L of sodium chloride in the nickel-manganese alloy plating solution;
the parameters of the ultrasonic electroplating process are as follows: ultrasonic frequency of 28kHz and sound intensity of 1.0W/cm 2 Current density 0.01A/cm 2 The temperature is 35 ℃, the pH value is 4.2-5.0, and the thickness of the electroplated diamond layer is 1.8-2.2 mm;
the method for ultrasonically electroplating diamond specifically comprises the following steps: the part of the cutter head to be plated is soaked in the activating solution for 4-5 min, then enters into the electroplating bath, is electrified for retreatment before electroplating, and the current density is 6A/dm 2 Electroplating for 5-6 min, and ultrasonic diamond electroplating to obtain NiCl-containing activating liquid 2 The content is 200g/L, and the HCl content is 200g/L.
< example 9>
This example is the same as example 9 except that the nickel-manganese alloy plating solution contains 240g/L nickel sulfate, 6g/L manganese sulfate, 40g/L boric acid, and 15g/L sodium chloride;
the ultrasonic electroplating process parameters are as follows: ultrasonic frequency of 28kHz and sound intensity of 1.2W/cm 2 Current density 0.012A/cm 2 The temperature is 30 ℃, and the pH value is 4.2-5.0;
the method for ultrasonically electroplating diamond specifically comprises the following steps: the plated part of the cutter is soaked in the activating solution for 4-5 min, then enters into the plating bath, and is treated again before being electrified and electroplated, and the current density is 8A/dm 2 Electroplating for 5-6 min, and ultrasonic diamond electroplating to obtain NiCl-containing activating liquid 2 The content was 220g/L and the HCl content was 180g/L.
< example 10>
The procedure of this example is the same as that of example 8, except that the nickel-manganese alloy plating solution contains 225g/L nickel sulfate, 6g/L manganese sulfate, 38g/L boric acid and 16g/L sodium chloride;
the parameters of the ultrasonic electroplating process are as follows: ultrasonic frequency of 28kHz and sound intensity of 1.1W/cm 2 Current density 0.011A/cm 2 The temperature is 32 ℃, and the pH value is 4.2-5.0;
the method for electroplating diamond by ultrasonic comprises the following steps: the part of the cutter head to be plated is soaked in the activating solution for 4-5 min, then enters into the electroplating bath, and is treated again before being electrified for electroplating, and the current density is 7A/dm 2 Electroplating for 5-6 min, and ultrasonic diamond electroplating to obtain activated NiCl solution 2 The content was 210g/L and the HCl content was 190g/L.
While embodiments of the invention have been described above, it is not intended to be limited to the details shown, particular embodiments, but rather to those skilled in the art, and it is to be understood that the invention is capable of numerous modifications and that various changes may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (6)
1. A diamond-impregnated wedge-shaped cutting tooth for a shield machine is characterized by comprising a non-diamond layer fixing part and a diamond layer wedge-shaped working part which are integrally formed, wherein the non-diamond layer fixing part is embedded in a cutter head of the shield machine; the cutting teeth are connected with a cutter head steel body of the shield tunneling machine in an interference fit manner by a temperature difference method, and then the position of a wedge-shaped cutting tooth fixedly embedded with diamond on the outer edge of the cutter head is strengthened by adopting an ultrasonic diamond electroplating method;
the non-diamond layer consolidation part is prepared from a matrix material, and the diamond layer wedge-shaped working part is prepared by mixing the matrix material and diamond;
the matrix material is metal powder of 300-320 meshes and comprises YG12, ni, cu-Re and Fe; the mass contents of YG12, ni, cu-Re and Fe in the matrix material respectively account for 46 to 54 percent, 14 to 18 percent, 15 to 19 percent and 14 to 20 percent;
the diamond comprises diamond with the grain size of 30-40 meshes and diamond with the grain size of 40-50 meshes; the mass contents of 30-40 meshes of diamond and 40-50 meshes of diamond in the diamond respectively account for 35-40% and 60-65%;
the percentage concentration of a diamond grinding wheel in the diamond layer wedge-shaped working part is 82-95%;
the preparation method of the cutting tooth comprises the following steps: mixing the matrix material of the diamond layer wedge-shaped working part with diamond, and then loading the matrix material of the non-diamond layer consolidation part into a three-high graphite mold according to requirements, placing the three-high graphite mold into a medium-frequency hot-pressing sintering furnace, starting a sintering procedure, discharging the mold, molding, and demolding to obtain diamond-impregnated wedge-shaped cutting teeth; in the sintering procedure, the sintering temperature is 990 to 1070 ℃, the pressure is 22 to 35MPa, the heat preservation and pressure maintaining time is 7.5 to 10.0min, and the mixture is cooled to 650 to 700 ℃ along with a furnace after heat preservation and pressure maintaining and then is discharged.
2. The diamond-impregnated wedge-shaped cutting tooth for the shield machine according to claim 1, wherein the diameter of the non-diamond layer bonding part is 20 to 40mm, the diameter of the bottom of the diamond layer wedge-shaped working part is 20 to 40mm, the width of the top of the diamond layer wedge-shaped working part is 8 to 12mm, the height of the diamond layer wedge-shaped working part is 15 to 20mm, the wedge angle alpha is 15 to 25 degrees, and the total height of the cutting tooth is 40 to 50mm.
3. The diamond-impregnated wedge-shaped cutting tooth for the shield tunneling machine according to claim 1, wherein the temperature rise rate is 90 ℃/min for the first 4min in the sintering procedure, and then the temperature rise rate is 110 ℃/min, and the pressure is increased to 8MPa when the temperature reaches 600 ℃.
4. A manufacturing method of a reinforced cutter head for a shield machine is characterized in that the diamond-impregnated wedge-shaped cutting tooth according to any one of claims 1 to 3 is connected with a cutter head steel body of the shield machine in an interference fit manner by a temperature difference method, and then the position of the diamond-impregnated wedge-shaped cutting tooth fixedly embedded on the outer edge of the cutter head is reinforced by adopting an ultrasonic diamond electroplating method;
the ultrasonic electroplated diamond layer is formed by mixing and electroplating 40-50 meshes of diamond and 60-70 meshes of diamond, and a nickel-manganese alloy plating solution is adopted in the ultrasonic electroplated diamond method;
230-240g/L of nickel sulfate, 6-7g/L of manganese sulfate, 35-40g/L of boric acid and 15-18g/L of sodium chloride in the nickel-manganese alloy plating solution;
the ultrasonic electroplating process parameters are as follows: the ultrasonic frequency is 28KHz, and the sound intensity is 0.9 to 1.2W/cm 2 Current density of 0.01 to 0.012A/cm 2 The temperature is 30 to 35 ℃, and the pH value is 4.2 to 5.0;
the thickness of the ultrasonic electroplating diamond layer is 1.8-2.2mm.
5. The method for manufacturing the reinforced cutter head for the shield tunneling machine according to claim 4, wherein the ultrasonic diamond electroplating method specifically comprises: soaking the part of the cutter head to be plated in an activating solution for 4 to 5min, then putting the part into a plating bath, and treating the part again before electrifying for plating, wherein the current density is 6 to 8A/dm 2 And (5) electroplating for 5-6 min, and then transferring to an ultrasonic diamond electroplating program.
6. The method for manufacturing the reinforced cutter head for the shield tunneling machine according to claim 5, wherein NiCl is contained in the activation liquid 2 The content is 200 to 220g/L, and the HCl content is 180 to 200g/L.
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