CN114855333B - 一种高强超薄聚酰亚胺织物及其制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明提供一种高强超薄聚酰亚胺织物及其制备方法,该织物采用的聚酰亚胺纤维为聚酰亚胺细旦纤维,纤维线密度小于250D,纤维断裂强度为17.5cN/dtex以上;所述高强超薄聚酰亚胺织物的单位面积质量为30~150g/㎡,厚度为100~210μm,经、纬向力学性能大于900N/50mm。与其他类纤维相比,同等面密度条件下,本发明织物力学性能更为优异;同等力学性能条件下,本发明织物能够做到更轻更薄,有很好的减重效果,而且具有优异的阻燃性能、耐高低温性能、耐紫外性能。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及高分子织物,具体涉及一种聚酰亚胺织物及其制备方法。
背景技术
超薄织物的指标是由纤维线密度(旦数)小于250D的纤维长丝制备的较为致密的织物。常规的超薄织物主要以涤纶为主,在特种纤维领域,使用的均为由200D以上的纤维制备的织物,由小于200D的纤维制备的织物非常少,而且高强、阻燃、超薄的特种织物的制备难度更高。
细旦编织中,采用同一线密度的纤维时,织物随着单位面积质量的增加,经纬密度也随之增加且增加较大。经纬密度增加时,织造工艺难度会大幅度提高,对细旦纤维处理工艺也提出了更高的要求。特种纤维细旦编织一直无法规模化、批量化生产的主要原因是制备成本高、制备技术难度大、制备流程多且复杂。
对于聚酰亚胺纤维来说,在编织过程中纤维与其他物体(金属、塑料制件等)接触而相互摩擦,摩擦过程可能会对纤维表面造成损伤,使纤维产生毛丝,同时由于摩擦,也会使纤维在加工过程中产生粉末、碎屑,粉末、碎屑、毛丝随着时间的延长,有可能会形成小毛团,毛团会影响纤维在加工过程中的流畅性,也会影响织物的外观品相。摩擦过程会使纤维产生静电,会使纤维发散,纤维集束性变差,严重影响编织。普通涤纶、锦纶等纤维由于加热时能够熔融,所以涤纶、锦纶等纤维都有热熔点(网络点)来提高纤维的集束性,但是聚酰亚胺纤维有不溶不熔的特性,因此无法通过增加网络点的工艺来提高集束性。综上所述,聚酰亚胺纤维的耐磨性能不足,在编织过程中易产生毛丝和毛团,同时纤维在加工过程中易产生静电,使纤维集束性变差。由于存在这些问题,所以,聚酰亚胺纤维的细旦编织难度极大,因而,高性能聚酰亚胺超薄织物的织造更加困难。
中国专利申请CN112431024A公开了一种保温聚酰亚胺织物及其生产方法,该方法包括以下步骤:步骤1、对纱线进行上浆,浆料包括PVA1788、磷酸酯淀粉和偶联剂γ-(2,3-环氧丙氧)丙基三甲氧基硅烷,其中PVA1788、磷酸酯淀粉和偶联剂γ-(2,3-环氧丙氧)丙基三甲氧基硅烷的质量比为3-5:10-15:0.5-1.5;浆料的整体含固率为8-10%;上浆压力为60kN-70kN;步骤2、利用上浆后的纱线进行织造,得到织物;步骤3、对织物进行退浆,退浆液包括3-5g/L的H2O2、3-5g/L的硅酸钠和1-2g/L的渗透剂,浴比为1-3:50,退浆后得到保温聚酰亚胺织物。该方法采用60-100支的紧密纺纱线,纱线是由短纤维经纺纱工艺制备而成,强度低,不同于细旦纤维这样的连续长丝,因此所获得的的织物无法达到高强超薄的标准。
发明内容
针对现有技术的不足,本发明的目的在于提供一种高强超薄聚酰亚胺织物及其制备方法,以期至少部分解决现有技术中存在的聚酰亚胺纤维的细旦编织难度极大、高性能聚酰亚胺超薄织物的制造难以实现的问题。
为了实现本发明的目的,本发明采用以下技术方案。
一方面,本发明提供一种高强超薄聚酰亚胺织物,其采用的聚酰亚胺纤维为聚酰亚胺细旦纤维,纤维线密度小于250D,纤维断裂强度为17.5cN/dtex以上;所述高强超薄聚酰亚胺织物的单位面积质量为30~150g/㎡,厚度为100~210μm,经、纬向力学性能大于900N/50mm。
本发明提供的高强超薄聚酰亚胺织物弥补了现有技术的不足,提供的高性能聚酰亚胺织物具有高强超薄的优点。
另一方面,本发明提供一种高强超薄聚酰亚胺织物的制备方法,其采用的聚酰亚胺纤维为聚酰亚胺细旦纤维,纤维线密度小于250D,纤维断裂强度为17.5cN/dtex以上,所述制备方法包括如下步骤:
1)对聚酰亚胺纤维经纱和纬纱分别进行加捻处理,提高纤维的集束性;
2)对所述经纱进行整经处理,并在整经处理过程中对所述经纱进行上浆处理;
3)在所述加捻处理过程中对所述纬纱进行上浆处理;
4)将整经处理后的经纱穿综后,使用织机进行织造,得到织造织物;
5)对所述织造织物进行退浆和烘干处理后,得到高强超薄聚酰亚胺织物,所述高强超薄聚酰亚胺织物的单位面积质量为30~150g/㎡,厚度为100~210μm,经、纬向力学性能大于900N/50mm。
上述步骤3)是指对纬纱纤维单独进行上浆处理,边加捻边上浆,与此相对,对经纱纤维是先进行加捻处理,然后在整经过程中进行上浆处理。
应予说明,本发明中,细旦聚酰亚胺纤维是指旦数小于250D的纤维。细旦丝以单丝(即,单根纤维)计为0.8~1.3D,但本发明中的聚酰亚胺细旦纤维并非为单根纤维,而是指一束丝,一束丝中包括100~300根纤维,折算成单丝时,旦数也是在上述细旦丝的旦数范围内。小丝束聚酰亚胺纤维本身制备难度就高,织造难度也高。
本发明根据聚酰亚胺纤维的特性,通过对聚酰亚胺纤维进行加捻处理,提高纤维的集束性,但是聚酰亚胺纤维原丝表面无油剂保护,相对于普通纤维,耐磨性能较差,摩擦过程中易起毛,仅仅通过加捻不能完全解决问题,因此对加捻后的纤维进行上浆处理,另外,上浆剂的选择对聚酰亚胺纤维的编织至关重要。
优选地,本发明中,所述纤维线密度为50D~240D,更优选地,所述纤维线密度为55D~200D,最优选地,所述纤维线密度为55D、100D或200D,所述纤维断裂强度为20.8cN/dtex,以更好地保证高强度。
优选地,本发明中,所述加捻处理的捻度为50~450捻/米,更优选地,所述加捻处理的捻度为80~300捻/米,最优选地,所述加捻处理的捻度为100、200或300捻/米。
优选地,本发明中,所述上浆处理中使用水性上浆剂,浓度为1~30wt%,上浆时间为5~60S,更优选地,浓度为5~20wt%。该上浆处理的条件对于纬纱上浆和经纱上浆都同样适用。
优选地,所述水性上浆剂为选自水性有机硅类上浆剂、水性环氧类上浆剂、水性氰酸酯类上浆剂、水性聚酰胺酸上浆剂中的至少一种。
更优选地,本发明中,所述水性上浆剂为水性有机硅类上浆剂和/或水性环氧类上浆剂。优选的原因是改善纤维耐摩擦性能效果更好。
优选地,本发明中,所述退浆和烘干处理的操作为:将退浆后的织造织物经过多道水洗,其中第一道水洗的水中加入退浆酶,并在退浆槽内设置超声装置,实现超声退浆,再经过高温滚筒烘干,最后收卷。退浆酶为市售的常规退浆酶即可,没有特别限定。
其中,所述多道水洗的水温控制在30~90℃,多道是指2道以上或3道以上,优选可进行4道水洗,水温分别为30-50℃、70-90℃、70-90℃、30-50℃,优选为40℃、80℃、80℃、40℃。
所述烘干的温度可为60~100℃,优选为100℃。
所述收卷的收卷速度控制在3~10m/min,优选为5m/min。
本发明的高强超薄聚酰亚胺织物的单位面积质量为150g/㎡以下,优选为40~100g/㎡,更优选为40g/㎡、45g/㎡、60g/㎡、70g/㎡、75g/㎡、100g/㎡;厚度为210μm以下,优选为110~200μm,更优选为110μm、120μm、130μm、150μm、200μm。
与现有技术相比,本发明具有以下有益效果:
1)首次使用线密度小于250D(甚至不超过200D)的细旦纤维来织造出高强超薄聚酰亚胺织物,可制得厚度小于210μm(甚至不超过200μm)、单位面积质量小于150g/㎡(甚至为40~100g/㎡)、经、纬向力学性能大于900N/50mm的聚酰亚胺织物;
2)将特定的加捻处理和上浆处理应用到聚酰亚胺织物的制备中,从而可获得高强超薄聚酰亚胺织物;
3)与其他类纤维相比,在同等面密度的条件下,本发明的聚酰亚胺织物的力学性能更为优异;在同等力学性能的条件下,本发明的聚酰亚胺织物能够做到更轻更薄,有很好的减重效果。而且,本发明的聚酰亚胺织物具有优异的阻燃性能(极限氧指数≥38)、耐高低温性能(玻璃化温度≥320℃)、耐紫外性能。
具体实施方式
以下结合具体实施例,对本发明作进一步的说明,但本发明并不限于以下实施例。实施例中未注明具体条件者,按照常规条件或制造商建议的条件进行。所用试剂或仪器未注明生产厂商者,均为可以通过市售购买获得的常规产品。聚酰亚胺纤维为江苏先诺新材料科技有限公司生产。
实施例1
对断裂强度为20.8cN/dtex的55D聚酰亚胺纤维进行加捻S200捻/米处理,整经过程中对经纱纤维使用7wt%浓度的水性有机硅类上浆剂MP50E,进行上浆处理,上浆时间为25s,其中纬纱边上浆边加捻处理,加捻S100捻/米,使用7wt%浓度的水性有机硅类上浆剂MP50E进行上浆处理,上浆时间为20s。经纱穿综后,使用织机进行织造,对织造织物进行超声退浆,经过4道水洗,其中第一道水洗加入退浆酶,水温分别为40℃、80℃、80℃、40℃,退浆槽均设置有超声装置,100℃蒸汽滚筒烘干处理,收卷速度控制在20m/min,得到聚酰亚胺超薄织物D。
实施例2
对断裂强度为20.8cN/dtex的55D聚酰亚胺纤维进行加捻S200捻/米处理,整经过程中对经纱纤维使用8wt%浓度的水性环氧类上浆剂DER WB6001进行上浆处理,上浆时间为40s,其中纬纱边上浆边加捻处理,加捻Z150捻/米,使用8wt%浓度水性有机硅类上浆剂MP50E进行上浆处理,上浆时间为25s。经纱穿综后,使用织机进行织造,对织造织物进行超声退浆,经过4道水洗,其中第一道水洗加入退浆酶,水温分别为40℃、80℃、80℃、40℃,退浆槽均设置有超声装置,100℃蒸汽滚筒烘干处理,收卷速度控制在5m/min即得到聚酰亚胺超薄织物E。
实施例3
对断裂强度为20.8cN/dtex的100D聚酰亚胺纤维进行加捻S100捻/米处理,整经过程中对经纱纤维使用4wt%浓度的水性有机硅类上浆剂SH9608-A,进行上浆处理,上浆时间为30s,其中纬纱边上浆边加捻处理,加捻S200捻/米,使用4wt%浓度水性有机硅类上浆剂SH9608-A进行上浆处理,上浆时间为20S。经纱穿综后,使用织机进行织造,对织造织物进行超声退浆,经过4道水洗,其中第一道水洗加入退浆酶,水温分别为40℃、80℃、80℃、40℃,退浆槽均设置有超声装置,100℃蒸汽滚筒烘干处理,收卷速度控制在10m/min,即得到聚酰亚胺超薄织物F。
实施例4
对断裂强度为20.8cN/dtex的200D聚酰亚胺纤维进行加捻S80捻/米处理,整经过程中对经纱纤维使用20wt%浓度的水性有机硅类上浆剂MP50E,进行上浆处理,上浆时间为15s,其中纬纱边上浆边加捻处理,加捻Z150捻/米,使用4wt%浓度水性有机硅类上浆剂MP50E进行上浆处理,上浆时间为25s。经纱穿综后,使用织机进行织造,对织造织物进行超声退浆,经过4道水洗,其中第一道水洗加入退浆酶,水温分别为40℃、80℃、80℃、40℃,退浆槽均设置有超声装置,100℃蒸汽滚筒烘干处理,收卷速度控制在30m/min,即得到聚酰亚胺超薄织物G。
对比例1
断裂强度为20.8cN/dtex的55D聚酰亚胺纤维,整经、穿综后,使用织机进行织造,即得到聚酰亚胺超薄织物A。
对比例2
断裂强度为20.8cN/dtex的55D聚酰亚胺纤维进行加捻S200捻/米处理,整经、穿综后,使用织机进行织造,即得到聚酰亚胺超薄织物B。
对比例3
断裂强度为20.8cN/dtex的55D聚酰亚胺纤维,整经过程中对经纱纤维使用5wt%浓度水性有机硅类上浆剂MP50E进行上浆处理,上浆时间为20s,其中纬纱上浆处理用5wt%浓度水性有机硅类上浆剂MP50E进行上浆处理,上浆时间为10s。经纱穿综后,使用织机进行织造,对织造织物进行超声退浆,经过4道水洗,其中第一道水洗中加入退浆酶,水温分别为40℃、80℃、80℃、40℃,退浆槽均设置有超声装置,100℃蒸汽滚筒烘干处理,收卷速度控制在15m/min,即得到聚酰亚胺超薄织物C。
对比例4
对断裂强度为20.8cN/dtex的100D聚酰亚胺纤维进行加捻S600捻/米处理,整经过程中对经纱纤维使用4wt%浓度的水性有机硅类上浆剂SH9608-A,进行上浆处理,上浆时间为30s,其中纬纱边上浆边加捻处理,加捻S600捻/米,使用4wt%浓度水性有机硅类上浆剂SH9608-A进行上浆处理,上浆时间为20S。经纱穿综后,使用织机进行织造,即得到聚酰亚胺超薄织物H。
对比例5
对断裂强度为20.8cN/dtex的200D聚酰亚胺纤维进行加捻S80捻/米处理,整经过程中对经纱纤维使用40wt%浓度的水性有机硅类上浆剂MP50E,进行上浆处理,上浆时间为15s,其中纬纱边上浆边加捻处理,加捻Z150捻/米,使用4wt%浓度水性有机硅类上浆剂MP50E进行上浆处理,上浆时间为25s。经纱穿综后,使用织机进行织造,对织造织物进行超声退浆,经过4道水洗,其中第一道水洗加入退浆酶,水温分别为40℃、80℃、80℃、40℃,退浆槽均设置有超声装置,100℃蒸汽滚筒烘干处理,收卷速度控制在30m/min,即得到聚酰亚胺超薄织物I。
对比例6
对断裂强度为20.8cN/dtex的55D聚酰亚胺纤维进行加捻S200捻/米处理,整经过程中对经纱纤维使用硅油进行上浆处理,上浆时间为25s,其中纬纱边上浆边加捻处理,加捻S100捻/米,使用硅油进行上浆处理,上浆时间为20s。经纱穿综后,使用织机进行织造,对织造织物进行超声退浆,经过4道水洗,其中第一道水洗加入退浆酶,水温分别为40℃、80℃、80℃、40℃,退浆槽均设置有超声装置,100℃蒸汽滚筒烘干处理,收卷速度控制在20m/min,得到聚酰亚胺超薄织物J。
所得织物的力学性能测试结果见表1,热性能测试结果见表2。其中,聚酰亚胺超薄织物D~G分别对应于实施例1~4,聚酰亚胺超薄织物A~C分别对应于对比例1~3。
表1聚酰亚胺超薄织物的力学性能测试结果
表2聚酰亚胺超薄织物热性能比较结果
由表1和表2可以看出,本发明的织物(实施例1~4)具有优异的力学性能和热性能,而对比例1~6未制备出合格的织物,因此未测定其力学性能和热性能。另外,实施例1中采用水性有机硅类上浆剂,实施例2中采用水性环氧类上浆剂,虽然都可以实现本发明目的,制备出聚酰亚胺超薄织物,但是使用水性有机硅上浆剂时可以制备出更高密度的织物,而水性环氧类上浆剂无法很好地制备出高密度织物。
显然,本领域的技术人员可以对本发明进行各种改动和变型而不脱离本发明的精神和范围。这样,倘若本发明的这些修改和变型属于本发明权利要求及其等同技术的范围之内,则本发明也意图包含这些改动和变型在内。
Claims (10)
1.一种高强超薄聚酰亚胺织物,其特征在于,采用的聚酰亚胺纤维为聚酰亚胺细旦纤维,纤维线密度小于250D,纤维断裂强度为17.5cN/dtex以上;
所述高强超薄聚酰亚胺织物的单位面积质量为30~150g/㎡,厚度为100~210μm,经、纬向力学性能大于900N/50mm;
所述高强超薄聚酰亚胺织物的制备方法包括如下步骤:
1)对聚酰亚胺纤维经纱和纬纱分别进行加捻处理,提高纤维的集束性;
2)对所述经纱进行整经处理,并在整经处理过程中对所述经纱进行上浆处理;
3)在所述加捻处理过程中对所述纬纱进行上浆处理;
4)将整经处理后的经纱穿综后,使用织机进行织造,得到织造织物;
5)对所述织造织物进行退浆和烘干处理后,得到所述高强超薄聚酰亚胺织物。
2.一种高强超薄聚酰亚胺织物的制备方法,其特征在于,采用的聚酰亚胺纤维为聚酰亚胺细旦纤维,纤维线密度小于250D,纤维断裂强度为17.5cN/dtex以上,所述制备方法包括如下步骤:
1)对聚酰亚胺纤维经纱和纬纱分别进行加捻处理,提高纤维的集束性;
2)对所述经纱进行整经处理,并在整经处理过程中对所述经纱进行上浆处理;
3)在所述加捻处理过程中对所述纬纱进行上浆处理;
4)将整经处理后的经纱穿综后,使用织机进行织造,得到织造织物;
5)对所述织造织物进行退浆和烘干处理后,得到高强超薄聚酰亚胺织物,所述高强超薄聚酰亚胺织物的单位面积质量为30~150g/㎡,厚度为100~210μm,经、纬向力学性能大于900N/50mm。
3.根据权利要求2所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述纤维线密度为50D~240D,所述纤维断裂强度为20.8cN/dtex以上;和/或所述加捻处理的捻度为50~450捻/米。
4.根据权利要求3所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述纤维线密度为55D~200D;和/或所述加捻处理的捻度为80~300捻/米。
5.根据权利要求3所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述纤维线密度为55D、100D或200D;和/或所述加捻处理的捻度为100、200或300捻/米。
6.根据权利要求2所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述上浆处理中使用水性上浆剂,浓度为1~30wt%,上浆时间为5~60S;所述水性上浆剂为选自水性有机硅类上浆剂、水性环氧类上浆剂、水性氰酸酯类上浆剂、水性聚酰胺酸上浆剂中的至少一种。
7.根据权利要求6所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述水性上浆剂为水性有机硅类上浆剂和/或水性环氧类上浆剂。
8.根据权利要求2所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述退浆和烘干处理的操作为:将退浆后的织造织物经过多道水洗,其中第一道水洗的水中加入退浆酶,并在退浆槽内设置超声装置,实现超声退浆,再经过高温滚筒烘干,最后收卷,所述水洗的水温控制在30~90℃,所述烘干的温度为60~100℃,所述收卷的收卷速度控制在3~50m/min。
9.根据权利要求8所述的制备方法,其特征在于:经过4道水洗,水温分别为30-50℃、70-90℃、70-90℃、30-50℃;所述烘干的温度为100℃;所述收卷的收卷速度控制在20~40m/min。
10.根据权利要求2~9中任一项所述的制备方法,其特征在于:所述聚酰亚胺超薄织物的单位面积质量为40~100g/㎡,厚度为110-200μm。
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贺梦娟."聚酰亚胺长丝纤维及其纱线加工性能研究".中国优秀硕士学位论文全文数据库(工程科技I辑).2020,(第1期),第8、11、30-42、44、49-50页. * |
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