CN114853032A - Preparation method of high-rate Prussian blue sodium ion battery positive electrode material - Google Patents
Preparation method of high-rate Prussian blue sodium ion battery positive electrode material Download PDFInfo
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- CN114853032A CN114853032A CN202210424668.3A CN202210424668A CN114853032A CN 114853032 A CN114853032 A CN 114853032A CN 202210424668 A CN202210424668 A CN 202210424668A CN 114853032 A CN114853032 A CN 114853032A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01C—AMMONIA; CYANOGEN; COMPOUNDS THEREOF
- C01C3/00—Cyanogen; Compounds thereof
- C01C3/08—Simple or complex cyanides of metals
- C01C3/12—Simple or complex iron cyanides
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/054—Accumulators with insertion or intercalation of metals other than lithium, e.g. with magnesium or aluminium
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/58—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy; of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2002/00—Crystal-structural characteristics
- C01P2002/70—Crystal-structural characteristics defined by measured X-ray, neutron or electron diffraction data
- C01P2002/72—Crystal-structural characteristics defined by measured X-ray, neutron or electron diffraction data by d-values or two theta-values, e.g. as X-ray diagram
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2004/00—Particle morphology
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- C01P2004/03—Particle morphology depicted by an image obtained by SEM
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2006/00—Physical properties of inorganic compounds
- C01P2006/40—Electric properties
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M2004/026—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material characterised by the polarity
- H01M2004/028—Positive electrodes
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Abstract
The invention provides a preparation method of a high-rate Prussian blue sodium ion battery positive electrode material. The method is based on the low-temperature water bath reaction of ferrocyanide and a coordination agent aqueous solution to prepare the high-rate Prussian blue material, only needs a coordination agent with lower concentration to realize the effects of improving the consistency of the solution and coordinating with iron ions, effectively inhibits the nucleation rate of Prussian blue, reduces the content of vacancies and water molecules in a Prussian frame, and obviously improves the rate performance of the Prussian blue material. The method has the advantages of environmental friendliness, low reaction temperature, low cost and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of electrochemical energy storage materials, and provides a preparation method of a high-rate Prussian blue sodium ion battery positive electrode material.
Background
In recent years, sodium ion batteries have become a research hotspot in the field of electrochemical energy storage due to the advantages of abundant resources, low process cost, environmental friendliness and the like. Currently, sodium ion batteries are still in the research and development stage, and the positive electrode material has a great influence on the performance of the sodium ion batteries, so that high performance is developedThe positive electrode material of the sodium ion battery becomes the important research content of the development of the sodium ion battery. The most widely studied positive electrode materials for sodium ion batteries include metal oxides, polyanionic compounds, and prussian blue and the like. Among the prussian blue and its analogues, prussian blue not only has an open framework structure and can provide a path for the rapid migration of sodium ions, but also can have a g of up to 170mAh -1 Is considered to be an ideal positive electrode material of the sodium ion battery.
The traditional low-temperature water bath synthesis method usually adopts ferrocyanide as a single iron source, and the ferrocyanide decomposes ferrous ions under an acidic condition and coordinates with the rest ferrocyanide. The method has high reaction rate, and a large amount of ferrocyanide vacancies and water molecules exist in the synthesized Prussian blue framework. When the material is used as a positive electrode material of a sodium-ion battery, the migration path of sodium ions is discontinuous, and poor rate performance is caused.
Therefore, a preparation method of the high-rate prussian blue sodium-ion battery cathode material with low cost is needed.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the problems in the background art, the present application aims to provide a preparation method of a high-rate prussian blue sodium ion battery cathode material, the preparation method is environment-friendly, the reaction temperature is low, the cost is low, and the cathode material has good rate performance.
The technical scheme is as follows: in order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides a preparation method of a high-rate Prussian blue sodium ion battery positive electrode material, which comprises the following steps: 1) dissolving a coordination agent and ferrocyanide in deionized water, and adjusting the pH value of the solution by using acid to obtain a precursor solution; 2) transferring the precursor solution obtained in the step 1) into a water bath, heating to a certain temperature for reaction, and collecting precipitates after the reaction is carried out for a period of time; 3) drying the precipitate prepared in the step 1) in a vacuum oven to obtain the high-magnification Prussian blue sodium ion battery anode material.
Further, the ferrocyanide used in the step 1) is selected from sodium ferrocyanide and potassium ferrocyanideOne or more of the components; the concentration of the aqueous solution is 1-20mg mL -1 。
Further, the complexing agent used in the step 1) is one or more of sodium alginate, sodium polyacrylate and sodium carboxymethyl cellulose; the concentration of the aqueous solution is 0.1-5 mg/mL.
Further, the acid in step 1) may be one or more of sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, nitric acid, ascorbic acid and citric acid. The pH of the adjusted precursor solution is 1-5.
Further, the water bath reaction temperature in the step 2) is 40-100 ℃ and the reaction time is not less than 1 h.
Further, the drying temperature in the step 3) is 80-250 ℃, and the drying time is not less than 1 h.
The technical effects are as follows: compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1) the invention provides a preparation method of a high-rate Prussian blue sodium ion battery positive electrode material. The adopted coordination agent can improve the consistency of the precursor solution on one hand, and can coordinate with iron ions on the other hand, so that the nucleation and growth rate of the Prussian blue are inhibited, the Prussian blue with low defect amount and water molecular amount is prepared, and the excellent rate performance of the anode material is ensured.
2) The raw materials adopted by the preparation method are environment-friendly and low in cost. The coordination agent adopted by the invention has low dosage, and the preparation process is simple and controllable, and the obtained material has stable performance.
3) The high-rate Prussian blue sodium ion battery cathode material prepared by the method has excellent rate performance of 10A g -1 Can maintain 99.68mAh g under high current density -1 The specific capacity of the composite is superior to that of the Prussian blue anode material reported in the current literature under the condition of high current density (6.8A g) -1 The current density is kept to be about 60mAh g -1 ，Adv.Funct.Mater.2020,30,2002624)。
Drawings
Fig. 1 is an X-ray diffraction pattern of the high-power prussian blue sodium-ion battery cathode material prepared in example two.
Fig. 2 is a scanning electron micrograph of the high-magnification prussian blue sodium-ion battery cathode material prepared in example two.
Fig. 3 shows rate performance of the high-rate prussian blue sodium-ion battery positive electrode material prepared in example two and the prussian blue positive electrode material prepared in the comparative example.
Fig. 4 shows the cycle stability of the high-rate prussian blue sodium-ion battery positive electrode material prepared in example two and the prussian blue positive electrode material prepared in the comparative example.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described with reference to specific examples. The following examples will assist the skilled person in further understanding the invention, but are not intended to limit the invention in any way. It should be noted that it would be obvious to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications can be made without departing from the spirit of the invention. All falling within the scope of the present invention.
Example one
The embodiment relates to a preparation method of a high-rate Prussian blue sodium ion battery positive electrode material, which comprises the following steps:
1) 10mg of sodium polyacrylate is dissolved in 100ml of deionized water; 0.1g of sodium ferrocyanide was weighed and dissolved in the above solution uniformly. And regulating the pH value of the solution to 1 by using sulfuric acid, and stirring for 30min at room temperature to obtain a clear precursor solution.
2) And transferring the precursor solution into a water bath kettle at 40 ℃ for reaction for 1h, standing and cooling to room temperature, and collecting precipitate.
3) And drying the obtained precipitate in an oven at 80 ℃ for 1h to obtain the high-rate Prussian blue sodium ion battery cathode material.
The high-magnification Prussian blue is used as an active material of a positive electrode of a sodium ion battery, a simple substance sodium sheet is used as a negative electrode of the sodium ion battery, the button type sodium ion battery is assembled by a glove box under the protection of argon, and the voltage range of electrochemical performance test is 2.0-4.0V.
Example two
The embodiment relates to a preparation method of a high-rate Prussian blue sodium ion battery positive electrode material, which comprises the following steps: 1) 200mg of sodium carboxymethylcellulose is dissolved in 100ml of deionized water, and 2g of sodium ferrocyanide is weighed and uniformly dissolved in the solution. And (3) regulating the pH value of the solution to 2 by using hydrochloric acid, and stirring for 30min at room temperature to obtain a clear precursor solution.
2) And transferring the precursor solution to a water bath kettle at 60 ℃ for reaction for 5 hours, standing and cooling to room temperature, and collecting the precipitate.
3) And drying the obtained precipitate in an oven at 120 ℃ for 10 hours to obtain the high-rate Prussian blue sodium ion battery cathode material. Preparation of positive and negative electrode plates and assembly of batteries refer to example one.
EXAMPLE III
The embodiment relates to a preparation method of a high-rate Prussian blue sodium ion battery positive electrode material, which comprises the following steps:
1) 500mg of sodium alginate is dissolved in 100ml of deionized water, and 1g of sodium ferrocyanide is weighed and uniformly dissolved in the solution. And regulating the pH value of the solution to 5 by using acetic acid, and stirring for 30min at room temperature to obtain a clear precursor solution.
2) And transferring the precursor solution to a water bath kettle at 100 ℃ for reaction for 10 hours, standing and cooling to room temperature, and collecting the precipitate.
3) And drying the obtained precipitate in an oven at 200 ℃ for 24h to obtain the high-magnification Prussian blue sodium ion battery cathode material. Preparation of positive and negative electrode plates and assembly of batteries refer to example one.
Example four
The embodiment relates to a preparation method of a Prussian blue positive electrode material with high crystallinity, which comprises the following steps:
1) 100mg of sodium alginate and 100mg of sodium carboxymethylcellulose are dissolved in 100ml of deionized water, and 1g of potassium ferrocyanide is weighed and uniformly dissolved in the solution. And (3) regulating the pH value of the solution to 2 by using hydrochloric acid and ascorbic acid, and stirring at room temperature for 30min to obtain a clear precursor solution.
2) And transferring the precursor solution to a water bath kettle at 80 ℃ for reaction for 5 hours, standing and cooling to room temperature, and collecting the precipitate.
3) And drying the obtained precipitate in an oven at 250 ℃ for 24h to obtain the high-magnification Prussian blue sodium ion battery cathode material.
Preparation of positive and negative electrode plates and assembly of batteries refer to example one.
EXAMPLE five
The embodiment relates to a preparation method of a Prussian blue positive electrode material with high crystallinity, which comprises the following steps:
4) 200mg of sodium carboxymethylcellulose and 10mg of sodium polyacrylate are dissolved in 100ml of deionized water, and 0.5g of potassium ferrocyanide and 0.5g of sodium ferrocyanide are weighed out and uniformly dissolved in the above solution. And regulating the pH value of the solution to 2 by utilizing sulfuric acid and citric acid, and stirring for 30min at room temperature to obtain a clear precursor solution.
5) And transferring the precursor solution to a water bath kettle at 80 ℃ for reaction for 5 hours, standing and cooling to room temperature, and collecting the precipitate.
6) And drying the obtained precipitate in an oven at 200 ℃ for 24h to obtain the high-magnification Prussian blue sodium ion battery cathode material.
The preparation of the positive and negative electrode plates and the assembly of the battery refer to the first embodiment.
Comparative example
1) 2g of sodium ferrocyanide are weighed and dissolved in the solution evenly. And (3) regulating the pH value of the solution to 2 by using hydrochloric acid, and stirring at room temperature for 30min to obtain a clear precursor solution.
2) And transferring the precursor solution to a water bath kettle at 60 ℃ for reaction for 5 hours, standing and cooling to room temperature, and collecting the precipitate.
3) And drying the obtained precipitate in an oven at 120 ℃ for 10h to obtain the high-rate Prussian blue sodium ion battery cathode material.
Preparation of positive and negative electrode plates and assembly of batteries refer to example one.
Fig. 1 is a scanning electron micrograph and a transmission electron micrograph of the high-magnification prussian blue sodium-ion battery cathode material prepared in example two of the present invention, which show that the sample is in a cubic shape.
Fig. 2 is an X-ray diffraction pattern of the high-power prussian blue sodium-ion battery cathode material prepared in example two of the present invention. All diffraction peaks correspond to prussian blue in face centered cubic structure, with no other miscellaneous peaks present, indicating successful preparation of pure samples.
Fig. 3 is a rate performance graph of the high-rate prussian blue sodium-ion battery cathode material prepared in example two of the present invention and prussian blue prepared in a comparative example. Compared with the prussian blue prepared by a comparative example, the high-rate prussian blue sodium-ion battery cathode material prepared by the second example has more excellent rate performance. It has a current density of 50mA g -1 When the specific capacity of the material reaches 127.39mAh g -1 (ii) a When the current density reaches 10A g -1 In this case, the positive electrode material can maintain 99.68mAh g -1 The specific capacity shows that the cathode material has excellent rate performance.
Fig. 4 is a result of cycle stability test of the high-rate prussian blue sodium-ion battery cathode material prepared in example two of the present invention and prussian blue prepared in a comparative example. The high-crystallinity prussian blue prepared in example two has a higher specific capacity and more excellent cycle stability at a large current density, compared to the prussian blue prepared in the comparative example. It is at 10A g -1 After the material is circulated for 2500 circles under high current density, the capacity retention rate is still 95%, and the structural stability of the material is proved.
Claims (6)
1. A preparation method of a high-rate Prussian blue sodium ion battery positive electrode material is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) dissolving a coordination agent and ferrocyanide in deionized water, and adjusting the pH value of the solution by using acid to obtain a precursor solution;
2) transferring the precursor solution obtained in the step 1) into a water bath, heating to a certain temperature for reaction, and collecting precipitates after the reaction is carried out for a period of time;
3) drying the precipitate prepared in the step 1) in a vacuum oven to obtain the high-magnification Prussian blue sodium ion battery anode material.
2. The preparation method of the high-rate Prussian blue sodium ion battery positive electrode material as claimed in claim 1, wherein the ferrocyanide used in the step 1) is one or more of sodium ferrocyanide and potassium ferrocyanide; the concentration of the aqueous solution is 1-20mg mL -1 。
3. The preparation method of the high-rate Prussian blue sodium ion battery cathode material as claimed in claim 1, wherein the complexing agent used in the step 1) is one or more of sodium alginate, sodium polyacrylate and sodium carboxymethyl cellulose; the concentration of the aqueous solution is 0.1-5 mg/mL.
4. The preparation method of the high-rate Prussian blue sodium-ion battery positive electrode material as claimed in claim 1, wherein the acid in the step 1) is one or more of sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, nitric acid, ascorbic acid and citric acid; the pH of the adjusted precursor solution is 1-5.
5. The preparation method of the high-rate Prussian blue sodium-ion battery cathode material as claimed in claim 1, wherein the water bath reaction temperature in the step 2) is 40-100 ℃ and the reaction time is not less than 1 h.
6. The preparation method of the high-rate Prussian blue sodium-ion battery cathode material as claimed in claim 1, wherein the drying temperature in the step 3) is 80-250 ℃, and the drying time is not less than 1 h.
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