CN112299389A - Method for preparing sodium ion carbon negative electrode material by using nitrogen-doped porous biomass carbon - Google Patents
Method for preparing sodium ion carbon negative electrode material by using nitrogen-doped porous biomass carbon Download PDFInfo
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- CN112299389A CN112299389A CN202011007566.9A CN202011007566A CN112299389A CN 112299389 A CN112299389 A CN 112299389A CN 202011007566 A CN202011007566 A CN 202011007566A CN 112299389 A CN112299389 A CN 112299389A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for preparing a sodium ion carbon negative electrode material by using nitrogen-doped porous biomass carbon, which comprises the steps of taking eggplants as precursors, and mixing ground eggplants, urea and calcium chloride in deionized water; controlling the heat temperature at 60-90 ℃, keeping for 1-3 hours, putting into a drying oven for drying, putting into a tubular furnace, and carbonizing at 600-900 ℃ under inert atmosphere; and (3) washing the carbonized sample with hydrochloric acid, adjusting the pH value to be neutral, drying to obtain the biomass carbon material, and preparing the biomass carbon material into the electrode plate for the sodium-ion battery. The advantages are that: the biomass carbon cathode with excellent performance is prepared through simple activation and nitrogen doping treatment, and the sodium storage capacity of the cathode material is improved. The preparation method is simple and is beneficial to large-scale preparation of products.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of carbon-based negative electrode materials of Sodium Ion Batteries (SIBs), and particularly relates to a method for preparing a sodium ion carbon negative electrode material by using nitrogen-doped porous biomass carbon.
Background
The high cost and scarcity of lithium resources restrict the further development of lithium ion batteries, and compared with lithium, the sodium storage capacity is rich and the price is low, and the working principle of the sodium ion battery is basically consistent with that of the lithium ion battery, so that the research of the sodium ion battery is more and more concerned under the background of large-scale energy storage application. An important component of the sodium-ion battery, namely the positive electrode material of the sodium-ion battery, has also been developed and applied, but the development of the negative electrode material of the sodium-ion battery is relatively slow, which greatly hinders the commercialization process of the sodium-ion battery, so that the search for a suitable negative electrode material of the sodium-ion battery becomes a research hotspot of the sodium-ion battery.
Graphite is currently widely used as a negative electrode material of commercial lithium ion batteries, but its application is limited due to its lower theoretical specific capacity (372mAh/g) and slower lithium ion diffusion kinetics. And the larger radius of sodium ions (0.102nm) makes the thermodynamics of a sodium-graphite system unstable, so that the exploration of SIBs cathode materials with good voltage, low cost and high capacity has important practical significance.
In recent years, Hard Carbon (HCs) has become one of the most promising anode materials for SIBs due to its advantages such as low cost, good sustainability and structural stability. The natural biomass as a raw material for preparing the hard carbon is concerned because of the advantages of wide sources, low cost, natural unique structure, heterogeneous atom doping and the like. In recent years, many researchers use shaddock peel, leaves, dandelion, lotus leaves, cotton and other biomasses as raw materials to adjust graphite-like microcrystals, defects, pore structures and the like in products through different carbonization processes to prepare the high-performance sodium-ion battery cathode material.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide a method for preparing a sodium ion carbon negative electrode material by using nitrogen-doped porous biomass carbon, which has good sodium ion storage performance and increases the specific surface area compared with the prior art.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a method for preparing a sodium ion carbon negative electrode material by using nitrogen-doped porous biomass carbon comprises the following steps:
1) cutting eggplant into blocks, drying and grinding to be below 100 meshes by taking the eggplant as a precursor;
2) mixing ground eggplants, urea and calcium chloride in a mass ratio of 1:2: 1-1: 2:3 or 1:1: 2-1: 3:2 in 50ml of deionized water;
3) controlling the heating temperature at 60-90 ℃, keeping for 1-3 hours, putting into a drying oven for drying, and putting into a porcelain boat for later use;
4) putting the sample obtained in the step 3) into a tubular furnace, and carbonizing at 600-900 ℃ under an inert atmosphere;
5) and (3) washing the carbonized sample with hydrochloric acid, adjusting the pH value to be neutral, drying to obtain the biomass carbon material, and preparing the biomass carbon material into the electrode plate for the sodium-ion battery.
The concentration of the hydrochloric acid is 2 mol/L.
Wherein the content of the first and second substances,
urea: the content of nitrogen element can be increased by adding urea as nitrogen source, thereby increasing the conductivity and defects of the material and further increasing the capacity storage of the material.
Calcium chloride: the calcium chloride is used as an activating agent, the specific surface area of the material can be increased by adding the calcium chloride, and the pore structure of the material is increased, so that the reversible insertion/extraction of sodium ions is facilitated, and the diffusion dynamic performance of the material is improved. The transmission rate of sodium ions is accelerated.
Through the co-carbonization of the biomass material, urea and calcium chloride, the pore structure of the material is increased, and the defects of the material are increased, so that the prepared biomass carbon material has excellent sodium storage performance.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the biomass carbon cathode with excellent performance is prepared by taking the eggplant which is widely available as a raw material through simple activation and nitrogen doping treatment, and the sodium storage capacity of the cathode material is improved. The preparation method is simple and is beneficial to large-scale preparation of products.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a process flow diagram for the preparation of nitrogen-doped porous biomass carbon.
Fig. 2 is a flow chart of sodium ion battery assembly.
Fig. 3(a) is an SEM image of the 800ECU100 sample.
Fig. 3(b) is an SEM image of 800ECU122 samples.
FIG. 4(a) is a graph of the cycling performance of the samples at a current density of 0.1A/g; (b) is a graph of rate capability of the sample.
FIG. 5 is a graph of the long cycle performance of 800ECU122 samples at 2A/g current density.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings, but it should be noted that the present invention is not limited to the following embodiments.
A method for preparing a sodium ion carbon negative electrode material by using nitrogen-doped porous biomass carbon is characterized in that eggplants with natural porous structures are used as raw materials, and the biomass carbon with porous properties is prepared by co-carbonization with urea and calcium chloride and acid washing activation with hydrochloric acid.
Example 1
The method for preparing the sodium ion carbon negative electrode material by using nitrogen-doped porous biomass carbon specifically comprises the following steps, as shown in figure 1:
1) cutting eggplant into blocks, drying and grinding to be below 100 meshes by taking the eggplant as a precursor;
2) mixing the ground eggplant, urea and calcium chloride in 50ml of deionized water according to the mass ratio of 1:2: 1;
3) heating at 80 deg.C for 2 hr, drying in drying oven, and placing in porcelain boat;
4) putting the sample obtained in the step 3) into a tube furnace, and carbonizing at 800 ℃ under an inert atmosphere;
5) and (3) washing the carbonized sample by hydrochloric acid with the concentration of 2mol/L, adjusting the pH value to be neutral, drying to obtain the biomass carbon material, and preparing the biomass carbon material into the electrode plate for the sodium-ion battery.
Referring to FIG. 3, the biomass carbon material (800ECU122) prepared after nitrogen doping has a complex pore structure compared with the 800ECU before nitrogen doping, and the specific surface area (BET) of the 800ECU122 is 1023.79m2And/g, which is much larger than the specific surface area of 800 ECU.
Electrochemical test results show that the nitrogen-doped biomass carbon (800ECU122) has good sodium ion storage performance. After 500 cycles at a current density of 0.1A/g, the reversible sodium storage capacity of 800ECU122 was 200.2mAh/g, which is much higher than that of biomass carbon 800ECU (72.1mAh/g) before nitrogen doping, see FIG. 4 (a). As is understood from fig. 4(b), the 800ECU100 exhibits better rate capability than the 800ECU 122.
When the current density of the 800ECU122 sample is 0.1, 0.2, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0 and 5.0A/g, the sodium storage capacity is 246.5, 212.4, 189.2, 169, 151.6 and 125mAh/g respectively. When the current density is adjusted to be 0.1A/g again, the sodium storage capacity is 222.8mAh/g which is far higher than that of the biomass carbon 800ECU100 sample (79.0mAh/g) before nitrogen doping.
From FIG. 5, it can be seen that the 800ECU122 sample still has a stable capacity of 133.3mAh/g after 1000 cycles at a current density of 2A/g, and is very stable during the circulation process, which indicates that the sample has very strong practical applicability.
Example 2
Referring to fig. 1, the method for preparing the sodium ion carbon negative electrode material by doping porous biomass carbon with nitrogen comprises the following steps:
1) cutting eggplant into blocks, drying and grinding to be below 100 meshes by taking the eggplant as a precursor;
2) mixing the ground eggplant, urea and calcium chloride in 50ml of deionized water according to the mass ratio of 1:2: 2;
3) heating at 80 deg.C for 2 hr, drying in drying oven, and placing in porcelain boat;
4) putting the sample obtained in the step 3) into a tube furnace, and carbonizing at 800 ℃ under an inert atmosphere;
5) and (3) washing the carbonized sample by hydrochloric acid with the concentration of 2mol/L, adjusting the pH value to be neutral, drying to obtain a biomass carbon material (800ECU122), and preparing the biomass carbon material into an electrode plate for a sodium ion battery.
Example 3
Referring to fig. 1, the method for preparing the sodium ion carbon negative electrode material by doping porous biomass carbon with nitrogen comprises the following steps:
1) cutting eggplant into blocks, drying and grinding to be below 100 meshes by taking the eggplant as a precursor;
2) mixing the ground eggplant, urea and calcium chloride in 50ml of deionized water according to the mass ratio of 1:2: 3;
3) heating at 80 deg.C for 2 hr, drying in drying oven, and placing in porcelain boat;
4) putting the sample obtained in the step 3) into a tube furnace, and carbonizing at 800 ℃ under an inert atmosphere;
5) and (3) washing the carbonized sample by hydrochloric acid with the concentration of 2mol/L, adjusting the pH value to be neutral, drying to obtain the biomass carbon material, and preparing the biomass carbon material into the electrode plate for the sodium-ion battery.
Example 4
Referring to fig. 1, the method for preparing the sodium ion carbon negative electrode material by doping porous biomass carbon with nitrogen comprises the following steps:
1) cutting eggplant into blocks, drying and grinding to be below 100 meshes by taking the eggplant as a precursor;
2) mixing ground eggplant, urea and calcium chloride in 50ml of deionized water according to the mass ratio of 1:1: 2;
3) heating at 80 deg.C for 2 hr, drying in drying oven, and placing in porcelain boat;
4) putting the sample obtained in the step 3) into a tube furnace, and carbonizing at 800 ℃ under an inert atmosphere;
5) and (3) washing the carbonized sample by hydrochloric acid with the concentration of 2mol/L, adjusting the pH value to be neutral, drying to obtain the biomass carbon material, and preparing the biomass carbon material into the electrode plate for the sodium-ion battery.
Example 5
Referring to fig. 1, the method for preparing the sodium ion carbon negative electrode material by doping porous biomass carbon with nitrogen comprises the following steps:
1) cutting eggplant into blocks, drying and grinding to be below 100 meshes by taking the eggplant as a precursor;
2) mixing the ground eggplant, urea and calcium chloride in 50ml of deionized water according to the mass ratio of 1:3: 2;
3) heating at 80 deg.C for 2 hr, drying in drying oven, and placing in porcelain boat;
4) putting the sample obtained in the step 3) into a tube furnace, and carbonizing at 800 ℃ under an inert atmosphere;
5) and (3) washing the carbonized sample by hydrochloric acid with the concentration of 2mol/L, adjusting the pH value to be neutral, drying to obtain the biomass carbon material, and preparing the biomass carbon material into the electrode plate for the sodium-ion battery.
Example 6
Referring to fig. 1, the method for preparing the sodium ion carbon negative electrode material by doping porous biomass carbon with nitrogen comprises the following steps:
1) cutting eggplant into blocks, drying and grinding to be below 100 meshes by taking the eggplant as a precursor;
2) mixing the ground eggplant, urea and calcium chloride in 50ml of deionized water according to the mass ratio of 1:2: 2;
3) heating at 80 deg.C for 2 hr, drying in drying oven, and placing in porcelain boat;
4) putting the sample obtained in the step 3) into a tubular furnace, and carbonizing at 600 ℃ under an inert atmosphere;
5) and (3) washing the carbonized sample by hydrochloric acid with the concentration of 2mol/L, adjusting the pH value to be neutral, drying to obtain the biomass carbon material, and preparing the biomass carbon material into the electrode plate for the sodium-ion battery.
Example 7
Referring to fig. 1, the method for preparing the sodium ion carbon negative electrode material by doping porous biomass carbon with nitrogen comprises the following steps:
1) cutting eggplant into blocks, drying and grinding to be below 100 meshes by taking the eggplant as a precursor;
2) mixing the ground eggplant, urea and calcium chloride in 50ml of deionized water according to the mass ratio of 1:2: 2;
3) heating at 80 deg.C for 2 hr, drying in drying oven, and placing in porcelain boat;
4) putting the sample obtained in the step 3) into a tube furnace, and carbonizing at 700 ℃ under an inert atmosphere;
5) and (3) washing the carbonized sample by hydrochloric acid with the concentration of 2mol/L, adjusting the pH value to be neutral, drying to obtain the biomass carbon material, and preparing the biomass carbon material into the electrode plate for the sodium-ion battery.
Example 8
1) Cutting eggplant into blocks, drying and grinding to be below 100 meshes by taking the eggplant as a precursor;
2) mixing the ground eggplant, urea and calcium chloride in 50ml of deionized water according to the mass ratio of 1:2: 2;
3) heating at 80 deg.C for 2 hr, drying in drying oven, and placing in porcelain boat;
4) putting the sample obtained in the step 3) into a tubular furnace, and carbonizing at 900 ℃ under an inert atmosphere;
5) and (3) washing the carbonized sample by hydrochloric acid with the concentration of 2mol/L, adjusting the pH value to be neutral, drying to obtain the biomass carbon material, and preparing the biomass carbon material into the electrode plate for the sodium-ion battery.
Comparative example 1
The preparation method of the carbon sodium ion carbon negative electrode material comprises the following steps:
1) cutting eggplant into blocks, drying and grinding to be below 100 meshes by taking the eggplant as a precursor;
2) mixing the ground eggplant in 50ml of deionized water;
3) heating at 80 deg.C for 2 hr, drying in drying oven, and placing in porcelain boat;
4) putting the sample obtained in the step 3) into a tube furnace, and carbonizing at 800 ℃ under an inert atmosphere;
5) and (3) washing the carbonized sample by hydrochloric acid with the concentration of 2mol/L, adjusting the pH value to be neutral, drying to obtain a biomass carbon material (800ECU100), and preparing the biomass carbon material into an electrode plate for a sodium ion battery.
The sodium storage capacity of the 800ECU100 sample is 77.9, 58.7, 37.2, 24.6, 13.9 and 5.7mAh/g when the current density is 0.1, 0.2, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0 and 5.0A/g. When the current density is adjusted to 0.1A/g, the sodium storage capacity is 79.0 mAh/g.
Elemental analysis of the 800ECU122 sample and the 800ECU100 sample are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 elemental analysis of the samples
Samples | N% | C% | H% |
800ECU100 | 3.209 | 70.440 | 1.092 |
800ECU122 | 11.161 | 55.236 | 1.903 |
In table 1, the 800ECU100 is the sample before urea addition, and the 800ECU122 is the sample after urea addition, and as can be seen from the data in table 1, the nitrogen content before and after urea addition changes significantly, and increases from 3.21% to 11.16%, which indicates that the nitrogen content of the sample is increased successfully by urea addition.
The button cell of the above examples 1-8, assembled according to the process flow shown in fig. 2. Adding the prepared biomass carbon material, polyvinylidene fluoride and acetylene black into an agate mortar according to the ratio of 8:1:1, grinding uniformly, adding N-methyl pyrrolidone, grinding uniformly again, coating the slurry on copper foil uniformly, putting the copper foil into a vacuum drying oven for vacuum drying at 120 ℃ for 12 hours, cutting the copper foil into round pieces with the diameter of 11mm, assembling a sodium ion battery in a vacuum glove box (the water concentration is less than 0.1ppm and the oxygen concentration is less than 0.1ppm) by adopting a CR2032 type buckle type battery case, wherein a counter electrode is a sodium piece, the specific assembly sequence is a negative electrode case, a sodium piece, a diaphragm, 150uL electrolyte, an electrode piece, a steel sheet, an elastic sheet and a positive electrode case, and after the battery is assembled, standing for 12 hours and then carrying out an electrochemical performance test.
Claims (2)
1. A method for preparing a sodium ion carbon negative electrode material by using nitrogen-doped porous biomass carbon is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) cutting eggplant into blocks, drying and grinding to be below 100 meshes by taking the eggplant as a precursor;
2) mixing ground eggplants, urea and calcium chloride in a mass ratio of 1:2: 1-1: 2:3 or 1:1: 2-1: 3:2 in 50ml of deionized water;
3) controlling the heating temperature at 60-90 ℃, keeping for 1-3 hours, putting into a drying oven for drying, and putting into a porcelain boat for later use;
4) putting the sample obtained in the step 3) into a tubular furnace, and carbonizing at 600-900 ℃ under an inert atmosphere;
5) and (3) washing the carbonized sample with hydrochloric acid, adjusting the pH value to be neutral, drying to obtain the biomass carbon material, and preparing the biomass carbon material into the electrode plate for the sodium-ion battery.
2. The method for preparing the sodion carbon negative electrode material by doping porous biomass carbon with nitrogen according to claim 1, wherein the hydrochloric acid concentration is 2 mol/L.
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CN113948681A (en) * | 2021-09-29 | 2022-01-18 | 西安交通大学 | Biomass-based hard carbon compound composite material and preparation method and application thereof |
CN114105137A (en) * | 2021-11-04 | 2022-03-01 | 中欣环保科技有限公司 | Preparation method of composite super-capacitor carbon |
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