CN114846944A - Soil conditioner optimization method for promoting growth and physiological characteristics of elymus palustris in sandy land - Google Patents
Soil conditioner optimization method for promoting growth and physiological characteristics of elymus palustris in sandy land Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
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- C09K17/00—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials
- C09K17/02—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials containing inorganic compounds only
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
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Abstract
The invention discloses a soil conditioner optimization method for promoting the growth and physiological characteristics of elymus comatus in a sandy land, which comprises the following steps: step one, adopting an orthogonal experiment, taking elymus dahuricus as a research object, applying biochar, bentonite and organic fertilizer with different dosages, mixing and then using the mixture as a soil conditioner; step two, determining 11 indexes including the plant height, stem thickness, root-crown ratio, SOD activity, POD activity, CAT activity, soluble sugar, proline content, relative conductivity, malondialdehyde content and chlorophyll content of the elymus chinensis in different growth periods; step three, obtaining the optimal combination of the biochar, the bentonite and the organic fertilizer for the influence of the biochar, the bentonite and the organic fertilizer on the growth and physiological characteristics of the elymus palustris in the sand storm land; and step four, analyzing the optimal combination with a good effect on improving the aeolian sandy soil by combining the primary sequence and the secondary sequence of the influence relation and the optimal combination. The invention provides scientific and reasonable theoretical basis for promoting the growth and physiological characteristics of the elymus dahuricus, improving the soil improvement effect of the sandy land, promoting ecological and economic benefits and reducing resource waste.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of soil conditioner optimization, and particularly relates to a soil conditioner optimization method for promoting the growth and physiological characteristics of elymus palustris in a sandy land.
Background
The problem of land desertification is increasingly aggravated, the hydrothermal condition change is caused to soil, the drastic change of the soil environment directly causes the reduction of the local biological diversity, and the ecological environment is further worsened. The aeolian sandy soil formed by the land desertification has thicker particles, lower soil colloid content and poor water and fertilizer retention capacity, so that organic matters and fine-grained substances in the soil are lost, the soil is further coarsened, the vicious circle of further decline of fertility is caused, the land productivity is seriously declined, the stress resistance of crops is reduced, the soil diseases and insect pests are aggravated, and the growth and development of the crops are not facilitated. Therefore, the development of research on the improvement and restoration of aeolian sandy soil is of great significance for maintaining agricultural, economic and environmental sustainable development.
The soil conditioner has the effect of improving the growth of crops, the biochar, the bentonite or the organic fertilizer are commonly used soil conditioners, and the biochar, the bentonite or the organic fertilizer which is applied singly has some negative effects due to the difference of factors such as soil types, climate change, raw material preparation modes and the like besides the positive effect on soil. Due to the strong stability of the biochar, the contribution of the biochar to nutrient substances is difficult to show in a short time, and the biochar has low content of nutrient components and has insignificant effect when being applied independently. Although bentonite has a strong adsorption capacity, it is a hydrophilic substance, and its adsorption capacity is reduced after a temperature is increased. The single application of the organic fertilizer has unstable influence on the growth of crops, the requirement of the crops on nutrient elements is difficult to meet under the condition that the application amount of the organic fertilizer is not very large, and the large application amount of the organic fertilizer can cause secondary pollution to soil. At present, the research on the influence of the independent application of the biochar, the bentonite and the organic fertilizer as the soil conditioner on the growth and development of crops and the physical and chemical properties of soil is very deep at home and abroad, the research on the mixed application of the biochar, the bentonite and the organic fertilizer is relatively more, and the related research on the mixed application of the biochar, the bentonite and the organic fertilizer is rarely reported.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a soil conditioner optimization method for promoting the growth and physiological characteristics of the elymus comatus in the aeolian sandy land, which combines local soil conditions and the growth characteristics of the elymus comatus, researches the influence of different application amount combinations of biochar, bentonite and organic fertilizer on growth indexes and physiological indexes of the elymus comatus in each growth period, discusses the internal mechanism of the influence of the biochar, the bentonite and the organic fertilizer on the growth development and physiological characteristics of the elymus comatus in each growth period, determines the optimal application amount of the biochar, the bentonite and the organic fertilizer, and provides scientific and reasonable theoretical basis for promoting the growth and physiological characteristics of the elymus comatus, improving the soil improvement effect of the aeolian sandy land, promoting ecological and economic benefits and reducing resource waste.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention is realized by the following technical scheme: a soil conditioner optimization method for promoting the growth and physiological characteristics of elymus comatus in sand storm lands comprises the following steps:
firstly, carrying out experimental design by an orthogonal experimental method, taking elymus dahuricus as a research object, applying biochar, bentonite and organic fertilizer with different dosages, and mixing the biochar, the bentonite and the organic fertilizer to serve as a soil conditioner;
step two, determining 11 indexes including the plant height, stem thickness, root-crown ratio, SOD activity, POD activity, CAT activity, soluble sugar, proline content, relative conductivity, malondialdehyde content and chlorophyll content of the elymus chinensis in different growth periods;
step three, obtaining the optimal combination of the biochar, the bentonite and the organic fertilizer for the influence of the biochar, the bentonite and the organic fertilizer on the growth and physiological characteristics of the elymus palustris in the sand storm land;
and step four, analyzing the optimal combination with a good effect on improving the aeolian sandy soil by combining the primary sequence and the secondary sequence of the influence relation and the optimal combination.
Preferably, the optimal combination of the biochar, the bentonite and the organic fertilizer for improving the growth and physiological properties of the aeolian sandy shawl grass is as follows: the application amount of the biochar is 1.5kg/m 2 And the application amount of the bentonite is 4.0-5.0kg/m 2 The application amount of the organic fertilizer is 0.6-0.8kg/m 2 。
Compared with the prior art, the technical scheme of the invention has the following beneficial effects: the biochar, the bentonite and the organic fertilizer are applied to promote the growth, development and physiological characteristics of the elymus dahuricus in each growth period; by discussing the internal mechanism of the influence of the application of the biochar, the bentonite and the organic fertilizer on the growth development and physiological characteristics of the elymus blumei in each growth period, the optimal application amount of the biochar, the bentonite and the organic fertilizer is determined, and scientific and reasonable theoretical basis is provided for promoting the growth and physiological characteristics of the elymus blumei, improving the soil improvement effect of the sandy land, promoting ecological and economic benefits and reducing resource waste.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a graph showing the effect of different treatments on the plant height of Thalictrum bicolor in each growth period;
FIG. 2 is a graph showing the effect of different treatments on the thickness of the stems of Elymus serpyllum in each growth period;
FIG. 3 is a graph showing the effect of different treatments on the activity of superoxide dismutase in each growth period of Elymus dahurica;
FIG. 4 is a graph showing the effect of different treatments on peroxidase activity in each growth period of Elymus serpentinatum;
FIG. 5 is a graph showing the effect of different treatments on catalase activity in each growth period of elymus;
FIG. 6 is a graph showing the effect of different treatments on the relative conductivity of Lindley grass during each growth period;
FIG. 7 is a graph showing the effect of different treatments on malondialdehyde content of Lindleaf grass in each growth period;
FIG. 8 is a graph showing the effect of different treatments on soluble sugar content of Elymus dahuricus in each growth period;
FIG. 9 is a graph showing the effect of different treatments on proline content in each growth period of Thalictrum aquilegifolium;
FIG. 10 is a graph showing the effect of different treatments on chlorophyll content of Lindley grass in each growth period.
Note: different letters in figures 1-10 indicate significant differences (P <0.05) between treatments during the same growth period.
Detailed Description
Other aspects, features and advantages of the present invention will become apparent from the following detailed description, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, which form a part of this specification, and which illustrate, by way of example, the principles of the invention.
A soil conditioner optimization method for promoting the growth and physiological characteristics of elymus comatus in sand storm lands comprises the following steps:
firstly, selecting a test site, a test crop, a test modifier and a test method:
the test sample plot is selected in the Wutai test base of the improved utilization research institute of the aeolian sandy land of Liaoning province, and the total area of the test sample plot is 400m 2 (20m is multiplied by 20m) and divided into 25 cells, and each cell has the area of 16m 2 (4m×4m)。
Test work: the Linnaeus is provided by the institute of improved utilization of Fengshan in Liaoning province.
Test modifier: the biochar is purchased from biochar engineering technology center of Shenyang agriculture university, the raw material is corn straw carbon, the carbonization temperature is 500 ℃, and the specific surface area is 3.88m 2 (ii)/g; the bentonite is purchased from Dawu Jiaozi Zhengzhen bentonite mine factory of Fufang mineral group, and the raw soil contains 68.4 percent of montmorillonite, the reaction temperature is 80 ℃, and the specific surface area is 0.487m 2 The water absorption rate is 250-350%; the organic fertilizer is purchased locally, the raw material is chicken manure, the chicken manure is mixed with fluffy materials according to a proportion, and the mixture is applied to soil after high-temperature composting and decomposition treatment.
The test adopts an orthogonal test method, takes elymus dahuricus as a test crop, takes biochar, bentonite and organic fertilizer as test modifiers, and respectively sets the application amounts of the biochar (A), the bentonite (B) and the organic fertilizer (C) as five different factors, namely biochar (A)0, 0.6, 0.9, 1.2 and 1.5kg/m 2 (ii) a 0, 2, 3, 4, 5kg/m of bentonite (B) 2 (ii) a 0, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8 and 1kg/m of organic fertilizer (C) 2 Each factor was set at 5 levels for a total of 25 treatments. After the soil is ploughed before sowing, the modifying agent is uniformly mixed with plough layer soil with the thickness of 15-20cm by using a large-scale mixer and then applied from north to south according to different application rates. Sowing Linnaao at early 6 months of 2020, adopting drill sowing with row spacing of 30cm, plant spacing of 8cm, sowing depth of 3-4cm, and sowing amount of 10kg/hm 2 . The test does not design repetition, and during statistical analysis, the horizontal repetition of research factors is used as 'hidden repetition', and the variance analysis and multiple comparison are carried out on data through an orthogonal table to make scientific conclusion on the test result. As the elymus serpyllum grows slowly in the seedling stage, only a few branches take off ears and bloom in the current year of sowing, and the elymus serpyllum can fully develop in the second year. To be betterThe study on the growth and physiological properties of Lindley shavings during the whole growth period was conducted by collecting samples beginning at 5 months of 2021. The details are shown in Table 1.
Table 1 test design table
Secondly, collecting and processing samples:
the test was conducted by collecting samples at the harvest stage (5/4/2021), heading stage (5/18/2021), filling stage (6/5/2021) and maturity stage (8/6/2021) of the Lindley Togae, respectively.
Collecting a grass sample: randomly selecting 1 m-long samples from each treatment sample plot, selecting the elymus cappus seedlings with similar growth vigor in each treatment, and completely taking out the plants. The plant height, stem thickness and chlorophyll content of the plants are measured on site. When the grass sample is collected, in order to ensure the biological activity of the plant leaves and the root system, the root system and the soil body are collected together, then the soil body is placed in a sealing bag to be sealed, marked and brought back to the laboratory as soon as possible. Selecting a straight and complete root system in a laboratory, cutting the root system by using scissors to divide the root system into an overground part and a root system part, sealing the root system part by using a sealing bag, making a mark, putting the mark into a refrigerator for refrigeration at 4 ℃, and ensuring that the test and the determination are carried out within 7 days.
Thirdly, measuring indexes and a method thereof:
1. physical and chemical property status of soil to be tested
The soil type to be tested is aeolian sandy soil, and the physical and chemical properties of the soil are measured on a sample plot without applying the soil conditioner before the test, and the specific conditions are shown in a table 2.
TABLE 2 physicochemical Properties of the soil to be tested
2. Determination of growth indicators
(1) Plant height: measuring the plant height of the elymus dahuricus on a sampling site, and measuring by using a ruler with the precision of 1mm based on the distance between the highest part (top growth center) of the elymus dahuricus and the base part of the stem;
(2) stem thickness: measuring the stem thickness of the elymus dahuricus on a sampling site, and measuring by using a vernier caliper with the precision of 0.01mm by taking the diameter of the joint of the trunk of the elymus dahuricus plant and the ground as the standard;
(3) dry root weight and dry aerial part weight: and (4) measuring by adopting a drying method. Cutting the elymus dahuricus from the stem base part to obtain a complete root part and an overground part; washing the root with distilled water, wiping the surface water with filter paper, putting the dried root into an oven, deactivating enzyme at 105 ℃ for 30min, drying at 85 ℃ to constant weight (72h), weighing with an electronic balance with the precision of 0.0001g, respectively recording the dry weight of the root and the dry weight of the overground part, wherein the corresponding ratio is the root-crown ratio, and the calculation formula is as follows: root cap ratio is root dry weight/aerial part dry weight.
3. Measurement of physiological index
(1) Antioxidant enzyme activity
The superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity adopts nitro blue four
(NBT) method; measuring Peroxidase (POD) activity by guaiacol colorimetry; the Catalase (CAT) activity was determined by potassium permanganate titration.
(2) Cell membrane permeant
Relative conductivity (REC): the measurement was carried out by the conductivity method. Washing a leaf sample with tap water, washing with deionized water for 3 times, sucking surface water with filter paper, shearing the leaf into pieces, weighing 3 parts of fresh sample with an electronic balance, putting 0.1g of each part into a graduated test tube, adding 10ml of deionized water to completely soak the leaf in water, plugging a bottle stopper, shaking uniformly, soaking in a constant temperature box at 25 ℃ for 12 hours, measuring the conductivity of a leaching solution with a DDSJ-318 conductivity meter, and recording as C0; the sealed graduated tube was then placed in a boiling water bath for 30min, cooled to room temperature and shaken up, and the conductivity of the leach liquor was again measured and recorded as C1. The calculation formula is as follows: relative conductivity (REC) ═ C0/C1 × 100%;
the Malondialdehyde (MDA) content was determined by the thiobarbituric acid method.
(3) Osmotically regulating substances
Measuring the content of Soluble Sugar (SS) by adopting an anthrone colorimetric method; the Proline (PRO) content was determined by ninhydrin colorimetry.
(4) Chlorophyll content: the sample was measured on site using A TYS-A type chlorophyll meter (manufactured by Beijing Zhongke Virgo instruments Co., Ltd.).
Fourth, data statistics and analysis
Excel 2013 software is adopted for data processing and mapping, data are represented by 'mean value plus or minus standard error', SPSS23.0 statistical analysis software is adopted for data difference significance analysis, a Duncan method is adopted for comparing difference significance among indexes, different English lowercase letters represent difference significance levels among the processing (P <0.05 is difference significance), and Pearson correlation coefficients are adopted for analyzing correlation among the indexes.
1. Influence of different treatments on plant height of Thalictrum foenum-graecum in each growth period
Through analysis of the influence of different treatments on the plant height of the elymus dahuricus in each growth period, as shown in fig. 1, the plant height of the elymus dahuricus treated by applying the soil conditioner in the same growth period is increased compared with that of the CK treated.
In the jointing stage, the plant height of each treatment is sequentially increased from high to low by T24 & gtT 12 & gtT 16 & gtT 22 & gtT 20 & gtT 11 & gtT 19 & gtT 18, and is respectively increased by 82.03%, 81.15%, 75.10%, 74.22%, 73.44%, 56.28%, 54.49% and 51.82% compared with CK treatment. In the heading period, the plant heights of the first eight treated plants are respectively increased by 94.05%, 93.63%, 86.30%, 85.63%, 84.96%, 79.15%, 77.92% and 77.02% compared with CK treatment from high to low, namely T24 & gtT 12 & gtT 16 & gtT 20 & gtT 22 & gtT 19 & gtT 11 & gtT 18. In the grouting period, the plant heights of the first eight treated plants are respectively increased by 82.28%, 81.83%, 79.77%, 79.31%, 71.18%, 70.73%, 70.21% and 69.64% compared with CK treatment from high to low in sequence of T24 & gtT 16 & gtT 12 & gtT 20 & gtT 22 & gtT 19 & gtT 18 & gtT 11. In the mature period, the plant height of each treated plant is respectively increased by 76.61%, 76.16%, 71.84%, 71.33%, 70.80%, 64.67%, 64.19% and 63.57% compared with CK after the first eight treatments of T24 & gtT 16 & gtT 12 & gtT 20 & gtT 22 & gtT 19 & gtT 11 & gtT 18 from high to low. The plant height of the elymus dahuricus treated by the soil conditioner in each growth period is obviously higher than that of the CK treated (P is less than 0.05), which shows that the plant height of the elymus dahuricus treated by the soil conditioner in each growth period has a promotion effect on the growth of the plant height of the elymus dahuricus in each growth period, wherein the plant height of the mixed application of the biochar, the bentonite and the organic fertilizer in the same growth period is higher than that of the mixed application of the bentonite and the organic fertilizer, the mixed application of the biochar and the organic fertilizer and the mixed application of the biochar and the bentonite.
2. Influence of different treatments on the stem thickness of Thymus orientalis in each growth period
By analyzing the influence of different treatments on the stem thickness of the elymus dahuricus in each growth period, as shown in fig. 2, the stem thickness of the elymus dahuricus treated by applying the soil conditioner in the same growth period is increased compared with that of the CK treated.
In the jointing stage, the stem diameter of each treatment is respectively improved by 49.73%, 48.66%, 44.39%, 43.32%, 42.78%, 42.25%, 41.71% and 38.50% compared with CK treatment from top to bottom by the first eight names of T24 & gtT 16 & gtT 12 & gtT 20 & gtT 22 & gtT 11 & gtT 19 & gtT 18. In the heading stage, the stem diameter of each treatment is respectively 54.73%, 54.23%, 51.24%, 50.75% and 50.25%, 43.28%, 42.79% and 42.29% higher than that of CK treatment by sequentially increasing T24 & gtT 16 & gtT 20 & gtT 22 & gtT 12 & gtT 11 & gtT 19 & gtT 18 from top to bottom. In the grouting period, the stem thickness of each treatment is respectively improved by 51.35%, 50.90%, 45.95%, 45.50% and 45.05%, 38.29%, 37.84% and 37.39% compared with the CK treatment from top to bottom, namely T24 & gtT 16 & gtT 20 & gtT 22 & gtT 12 & gtT 19 & gtT 11 & gtT 18 from top to bottom. In the mature period, the stem diameter of each treatment is respectively increased by 47.30%, 46.47%, 42.32%, 41.91% and 41.49%, 36.10%, 35.68% and 35.27% compared with CK from top to bottom by the first eight names of T24 & gtT 16 & gtT 20 & gtT 22 & gtT 12 & gtT 19 & gtT 18 & gtT 11. The stem diameter of the stem treated by applying the soil conditioner in the same growth period is obviously higher than that of the stem diameter treated by CK (P is less than 0.05), which indicates that the stem diameter of the elymus cappus in each growth period is promoted by applying the soil conditioner, wherein the stem diameter of the stem treated by mixing the biochar, the bentonite and the organic fertilizer in the same growth period is higher than that of the stem treated by mixing the bentonite and the organic fertilizer, the biochar and the organic fertilizer and the biochar and the bentonite.
3. Influence of different treatments on root-crown ratio of elymus cappus in each growth period
By analyzing the influence of different treatments on the root-crown ratio of the elymus dahuricus in each growth period, it can be seen from table 1 that the elymus dahuricus treated by applying the soil conditioner in the same growth period has an increased amount of the root-crown compared with the CK treatment.
In the jointing stage, the root-crown ratio of the elymus dahuricus treated by applying the soil conditioner is obviously higher than that of CK treatment (P is less than 0.05), the root-crown ratio of each treated elymus dahuricus is respectively T24 > T22 > T20 > T16 > T19 > T12 > T18 > T11 from top to bottom, and is respectively improved by 144.36%, 138.54%, 125.37%, 119.49%, 103.74%, 101.96%, 93.93% and 80.82% compared with the CK treatment. In the heading stage, except for the T1 treatment, the root cap ratio of the elymus chinensis treated by the soil conditioner is obviously higher than that of the CK treatment (P is less than 0.05), the root cap ratio of each treated elymus chinensis is respectively T24 > T22 > T20 > T16 > T19 > T12 > T18 > T11 from top to bottom, and is respectively improved by 162.77%, 156.05%, 141.08%, 134.36%, 116.38%, 114.35%, 105.18% and 90.13% compared with the CK treatment. In the grouting period, except for the T1 and T2 treatments, the root cap ratio of the other elymus chinensis treated by applying the soil conditioner is obviously higher than that of the CK treatment (P is less than 0.05), the root cap ratio of each treated elymus chinensis is sequentially T24 > T22 > T20 > T16 > T19 > T12 > T18 > T11 from top to bottom, and is respectively improved by 170.60%, 157.27%, 148.47%, 135.45%, 115.08%, 111.56%, 105.13% and 88.13% compared with the CK treatment. In the mature period, except for the T1 and T2 treatments, the root cap ratio of the root systems of the elymus chinensis treated by applying the soil conditioner is obviously higher than that of the root caps treated by CK (P is less than 0.05), and the root caps of the elymus chinensis treated by applying the soil conditioner are respectively improved by 24, T20, T22, T16, T19, T18, T12 and T11 from top to bottom, and are respectively improved by 171.98%, 159.55%, 155.13%, 137.61%, 113.43%, 107.59%, 105.42% and 88.91% compared with CK. The soil conditioner is used for promoting the biomass accumulation of the overground part and the root part of the elymus dahuricus in each growth period, wherein the root crown ratio of the mixed application of the biochar, the bentonite and the organic fertilizer is higher than that of the mixed application of the bentonite and the organic fertilizer, the mixed application of the biochar and the organic fertilizer and the mixed application of the biochar and the bentonite.
TABLE 1 influence of different treatments on the root-crown ratio of elymus cappus in each growth period
Note: different letters in the same column indicate significant differences between treatments (P <0.05) during the same growth period.
4. Effect of different treatments on SOD activity of Elymus serpentinatum in various growth periods
By analyzing the influence of different treatments on the activity of superoxide dismutase in each growth period of the elymus dahuricus, as shown in figure 3, the SOD activity of the treatment with the soil conditioner applied in the same growth period is increased compared with that of the CK treatment.
In the jointing stage, the SOD activity of other soil conditioner treatments is obviously higher than that of CK treatments (P is less than 0.05) except for T1, T2 and T9 treatments, the SOD activity of each treatment is sequentially represented by T24 to T16 to T20 to T22 to T12 to T19 to T18 to T15 from top to bottom, and is respectively improved by 96.24 percent, 93.23 percent, 90.98 percent, 85.71 percent, 83.46 percent, 80.45 percent, 76.69 percent and 72.93 percent compared with the CK treatments. The SOD activity of the soil conditioner treatment is obviously higher than that of CK treatment (P is less than 0.05) in the heading period, the SOD activity of each treatment is sequentially represented by T24 & gt T16 & gt T20 & gt T22 & gt T12 & gt T19 & gt T18 & gt T15 from top to bottom, and is respectively improved by 140.35%, 132.16%, 126.90%, 119.30%, 114.04%, 108.77%, 102.34% and 92.98% compared with the CK treatment. In the grouting period, the SOD activity of other soil conditioner treatments is obviously higher than that of CK treatments (P is less than 0.05) except for T1 treatment, the SOD activity of each treatment is sequentially shown as T24, T16, T22, T20, T12, T19, T18 and T15 from top eight to bottom, and is respectively improved by 206.49%, 200.54%, 196.76%, 189.73%, 179.46%, 175.14%, 160.54% and 150.27% compared with the CK treatments. In the maturation period, the SOD activity of the soil conditioner is obviously higher than that of the CK treatment (P is less than 0.05) except for the T1 treatment, and the SOD activity of each treatment is sequentially shown as T24, T16, T20, T19, T12, T18, T22 and T15 from top to bottom, and is respectively improved by 86.99 percent, 85.62 percent, 84.25 percent, 81.51 percent, 80.14 percent, 76.71 percent, 74.66 percent and 72.60 percent compared with the CK treatment. The soil conditioner is applied to promote the SOD activity of the elymus chinensis, wherein the SOD activity of the mixed application of the biochar, the bentonite and the organic fertilizer is higher than that of the mixed application of the bentonite and the organic fertilizer, the mixed application of the biochar and the organic fertilizer and the mixed application of the biochar and the bentonite.
5. Effect of different treatments on POD Activity of Elymus Tomentosa in various growth stages
By analyzing the effect of different treatments on peroxidase activity in each growth period of the elymus dahuricus, POD activity of the elymus dahuricus treated with the soil conditioner in the same growth period was increased compared with CK treatment, as shown in FIG. 4.
In the jointing stage, in addition to the treatments of T1, T2, T7 and T9, the activity of the elymus chinensis POD treated by applying the soil conditioner is obviously higher than that of the CK treated (P is less than 0.05), and the POD activity of each treatment is sequentially improved from high to low by T24, T16, T20, T19, T22, T12, T18 and T15, and is respectively improved by 385.02%, 373.13%, 325.99%, 273.13%, 265.20%, 225.99%, 215.42% and 198.24% compared with the CK treated. In the heading period, the activity of the elymus fossiliflorus POD treated by applying the soil conditioner is obviously higher than that of CK treated (P is less than 0.05) except for T1 and T2, the POD activity of each treatment is sequentially T24 > T16 > T20 > T22 > T19 > T12 > T18 > T15 from top to bottom, and is respectively improved by 210.23%, 199.32%, 197.05%, 193.86%, 165.00%, 148.41%, 142.27% and 141.36% compared with CK treated. In the grouting period, the activity of the podium amabilis POD treated by applying the soil conditioner is obviously higher than that of the CK treatment (P is less than 0.05) except for the T1 treatment, the POD activity of each treatment is sequentially T24 > T20 > T16 > T22 > T19 > T12 > T18 > T15 from high to low, and is respectively improved by 197.03%, 190.30%, 188.58%, 186.07%, 173.87%, 173.24%, 171.05% and 135.21% compared with the CK treatment. In the mature period, the activity of the podium amabilis POD treated by the soil conditioner is obviously higher than that of the CK treatment (P is less than 0.05) except for the T1 treatment, and the activity of the podium amabilis POD treated by the soil conditioner is increased from high to low by 188.41%, 185.74%, 184.49%, 158.82%, 153.83%, 147.59%, 137.61% and 119.79% compared with the CK respectively, namely T24 is more than T20 more than T16 more than T22 is more than T19 more than T12 is more than T18 more than T15. The soil conditioner is applied to promote the activity of the POD of the elymus blume, wherein the POD activity of the mixed application of the biochar, the bentonite and the organic fertilizer is higher than that of the mixed application of the bentonite and the organic fertilizer, the mixed application of the biochar and the organic fertilizer and the mixed application of the biochar and the bentonite.
6. Effect of different treatments on CAT Activity of Lindley grass in various growth periods
As shown in FIG. 5, CAT activity of the elymus dahuricus treated with the soil conditioner in the same growth period was increased compared with CK treatment by analyzing the effect of different treatments on catalase activity of the elymus dahuricus in each growth period.
In the jointing stage, except for the treatments of T1, T2, T7 and T9, the CAT activity of the elymus chinensis treated by applying the soil conditioner is obviously higher than that of CK (P is less than 0.05), the CAT activity of each treatment is sequentially T20 > T22 > T19 > T16 > T24 > T18 > T12 > T15 from top to bottom, and is respectively improved by 360.78%, 349.02%, 330.72%, 305.88%, 273.86%, 272.55%, 256.21% and 243.79% compared with the CK treatment. In the heading period, except for the treatments of T1, T2, T5 and T7, the CAT activities of the elymus fossilifolia treated by the soil conditioner are all obviously higher than those of CK treatment (P is less than 0.05), and the CAT activities of the treatments are respectively improved by 242.28%, 240.51%, 238.73%, 217.72%, 193.67%, 170.13%, 160.76% and 143.29% compared with the CK treatment from top to bottom in the first eight names in sequence of T24 > T16 > T20 > T22 > T19 > T18 > T12 > T11. In the grouting period, except for the treatment of T1, the CAT activity of the elymus dahuricus subjected to the soil conditioner treatment is obviously higher than that of the CK treatment (P is less than 0.05), the CAT activity of each treatment is sequentially from high to low as T24, T20, T22, T16, T12, T19, T18 and T15, and is respectively improved by 186.11%, 182.88%, 181.74%, 175.77%, 163.33%, 151.53%, 140.39% and 137.80% compared with the CK treatment. In the mature period, except for the treatments of T1, T2, T7 and T9, the CAT activities of the elymus fossilifolia treated by the soil conditioner are all obviously higher than those of CK treatment (P is less than 0.05), and the CAT activities of the treatments are respectively improved by 214.20%, 204.40%, 191.80%, 175.00%, 172.60%, 168.80%, 164.20% and 142.60% compared with that of the CK treatment from top to bottom, wherein the CAT activities of the treatments are respectively T20 > T16 > T22 > T24 > T19 > T12 > T18 > T15. The application of the soil conditioner has the promotion effect on CAT activity of the elymus dahuricus, wherein the CAT activity of the mixed application treatment of the biochar, the bentonite and the organic fertilizer is higher than that of the mixed application treatment of the bentonite and the organic fertilizer, the mixed application treatment of the biochar and the organic fertilizer and the mixed application treatment of the biochar and the bentonite.
7. Influence of different treatments on relative conductivity of Thymus serrulata in each growth period
Through analysis of the influence of different treatments on the relative conductivity of the elymus dahuricus in each growth period, as shown in fig. 6, the relative conductivity of the elymus dahuricus treated by applying the soil conditioner in the same growth period is reduced compared with that of the elymus dahuricus treated by CK.
In the jointing stage, except for the T1 treatment, the relative conductivity of the elymus dahuricus treated by the soil conditioner is obviously lower than that of the CK treatment (P is less than 0.05), the relative conductivity of the elymus dahuricus treated by the soil conditioner is respectively reduced by 24.30%, 23.62%, 23.01%, 22.57%, 22.30%, 21.29%, 21.08% and 19.29% compared with the CK treatment, namely, T24 is more than T16, more than T20, more than T22, more than T19 is more than T12, more than T18 and more than T15 from low to high. In the heading period, the relative conductivity of the elymus chinensis treated by the soil conditioner is obviously lower than that of CK (P is less than 0.05) except for T1 and T2, the relative conductivity of the elymus chinensis treated by the soil conditioner is sequentially T24, T20, T16, T19, T22, T12, T18 and T15 from low to high, and is respectively reduced by 34.38%, 32.34%, 27.66%, 27.04%, 26.68%, 26.28%, 25.88% and 25.40% compared with CK treatment. In the grouting period, the relative conductivity of the elymus dahuricus treated by the soil conditioner is obviously lower than that of CK treatment (P is less than 0.05), the relative conductivity of the processed elymus dahuricus is sequentially T24 which is more than T16 which is more than T20 which is more than T22 which is more than T19 which is more than T12 which is more than T18 which is more than T15 from low to high, and is respectively reduced by 28.59%, 28.23%, 27.06%, 25.77%, 24.96%, 24.06%, 23.38% and 22.14% compared with the CK treatment. In the maturation period, the relative conductivity of the elymus dahuricus treated by the soil conditioner is obviously lower than that of CK treatment (P is less than 0.05), the relative conductivity of the processed elymus dahuricus is sequentially from T24 to T16 to T20 to T22 to T19 to T12 to T18 to T15 from low to high, and is respectively reduced by 21.08%, 20.63%, 19.97%, 18.63%, 17.83%, 17.44%, 16.47% and 15.82% compared with the CK treatment. The application of the soil conditioner has an inhibiting effect on the relative conductivity of the elymus dahuricus, wherein the effect of the mixed application treatment of the biochar, the bentonite and the organic fertilizer is better than the mixed application of the bentonite and the organic fertilizer, the mixed application of the biochar and the organic fertilizer and the mixed application of the biochar and the bentonite.
8. Influence of different treatments on MDA content of Thymus serpyllum in each growth period
Through analysis of the influence of different treatments on the malondialdehyde content of the elymus tetrandra in each growth period, as shown in fig. 7, the MDA content of the elymus tetrandra treated by applying the soil conditioner in the same growth period is reduced compared with that of the CK treated.
In the jointing stage, the MDA content of the elymus chinensis treated by the soil conditioner is obviously lower than that of CK treatment (P is less than 0.05) except for T1 treatment, the MDA content of each treated elymus chinensis is respectively 27.65%, 26.69%, 26.49%, 25.53%, 24.98%, 22.93%, 21.36% and 18.89% lower than that of the CK treatment from the first eight processed elymus chinensis with the lower content to the higher content in the order of T16, T24, T20, T22, T19, T12, T18 and T15. In the heading period, in addition to the treatments of T1, T2 and T9, the MDA content of the elymus chinensis treated by applying the soil conditioner is obviously lower than that of CK (P is less than 0.05), the MDA content of the elymus chinensis treated by applying the soil conditioner is respectively reduced by 37.09%, 34.12%, 33.18%, 32.32%, 30.99%, 28.56%, 27.15% and 25.35% compared with the CK treatment from top eight first treated elymus chinensis MDA contents of T19, T22, T16, T24, T20, T12, T18 and T11. In the grouting period, except for the treatments of T1, T2, T7 and T9, the MDA content of the elymus chinensis treated by applying the soil conditioner is obviously lower than that of CK (P is less than 0.05), the MDA content of the treated elymus chinensis is respectively reduced by 29.99%, 30.57%, 28.52%, 27.57%, 26.83%, 25.37%, 24.41% and 23.31% compared with CK respectively from the first eight treated by the treatment of T24, T16, T22, T19, T20, T12 and T18 to T15 from low to high. In the mature period, the MDA content of the elymus chinensis treated by the soil conditioner is obviously lower than that of CK treated (P is less than 0.05) except for T1, T2, T7 and T9, the MDA content of the treated elymus chinensis is respectively reduced by 27.62%, 26.66%, 25.58%, 24.49%, 23.59%, 22.12%, 21.29% and 20.33% compared with CK respectively from the first eight to the last eight in the sequence of T24, T16, T22, T19, T20, T12, T18 and T15 from low to high. The application of the soil conditioner has an inhibiting effect on the MDA content of the elymus dahuricus, wherein the effect of the mixed application treatment of the biochar, the bentonite and the organic fertilizer is better than the mixed application treatment of the bentonite and the organic fertilizer, the mixed application of the biochar and the organic fertilizer and the mixed application treatment of the biochar and the bentonite.
8. Influence of different treatments on soluble sugar content of Thalictrum foeniculum at each growth period
By analyzing the influence of different treatments on the soluble sugar content of the elymus dahuricus in each growth period, as shown in fig. 8, the soluble sugar content of the elymus dahuricus treated by applying the soil conditioner in the same growth period is increased compared with that of the CK treated.
In the jointing stage, the soluble sugar content of the elymus chinensis treated by applying the soil conditioner is obviously higher than that of CK treatment (P is less than 0.05), the soluble sugar content of each treated elymus chinensis is respectively improved by 88.92%, 87.81%, 85.87%, 83.93%, 78.39%, 70.64%, 66.76% and 62.05% compared with the CK treatment from top to bottom by T19 > T22 > T24 > T20 > T16 > T12 > T18 > T15. In the heading period, the soluble sugar content of the elymus chinensis subjected to the soil conditioner treatment is obviously higher than that of the CK treatment (P is less than 0.05) except for the T1 and the T2, and the soluble sugar content of the elymus chinensis subjected to the soil conditioner treatment is respectively improved by 20, T24, T16, T22, T19, T12, T18 and T15 from top to bottom by 76.13%, 72.30%, 69.82%, 67.12%, 64.64%, 60.59%, 58.56% and 51.80% compared with the CK treatment. In the grouting period, except for the treatment of T1 and T2, the soluble sugar content of the elymus chinensis treated by applying the soil conditioner is obviously higher than that of CK treatment (P is less than 0.05), the MDA content of the elymus chinensis treated by applying the soil conditioner is sequentially from high to low as T24 > T20 > T19 > T22 > T16 > T18 > T15 > T12, and is respectively increased by 56.72%, 55.94%, 54.38%, 52.19%, 51.09%, 49.22%, 44.38% and 43.44% compared with the CK treatment. In the mature period, the soluble sugar content of the elymus chinensis subjected to the soil conditioner treatment is obviously higher than that of the CK treatment (P is less than 0.05) except for the T1 and the T2 treatment, and the soluble sugar content of the elymus chinensis subjected to the soil conditioner treatment is respectively increased by 72.73 percent, 72.17 percent, 63.45 percent, 60.30 percent, 58.07 percent, 57.14 percent, 54.36 percent and 52.88 percent compared with the CK from top eight to bottom in sequence of T24 to T20 to T19 to T22 to T16 to T18 to T12 to T15. The application of the soil conditioner is proved to have the promotion effect on soluble sugar of the elymus dahuricus, wherein the soluble sugar of the mixed application of the biochar, the bentonite and the organic fertilizer is higher than that of the mixed application of the bentonite and the organic fertilizer, the mixed application of the biochar and the organic fertilizer and the mixed application of the biochar and the bentonite.
9. Influence of different treatments on proline content of Thalictrum foenum-graecum in each growth period
By analyzing the influence of different treatments on the proline content of the elymus chinensis in each growth period, as shown in fig. 9, the proline content of the elymus chinensis treated by applying the soil conditioner in the same growth period is increased compared with that of the CK treated.
In the jointing stage, the content of the proline of the elymus chinensis treated by applying the soil conditioner is obviously higher than that of CK treatment (P is less than 0.05), the content of the proline of each treated elymus chinensis is respectively improved by 57.12%, 56.48%, 55.36%, 54.24%, 51.04%, 46.56%, 44.32% and 41.60% compared with that of the CK treatment from top to bottom by T24 & gtT 22 & gtT 19 & gtT 20 & gtT 16 & gtT 12 & gtT 18 & gtT 15. In the heading period, in addition to the treatments of T1, T2 and T9, the content of the eleutherine subjected to the soil conditioner is obviously higher than that of CK treatment (P is less than 0.05), the content of the eleutherine subjected to the soil conditioner is respectively improved by 35.87%, 34.88%, 33.79%, 32.61%, 31.32%, 29.74%, 28.85% and 26.88% compared with the CK treatment from top to bottom, namely T20 is more than T24 is more than T16 is more than T22 is more than T19 is more than T12 is more than T18 is more than T15. In the grouting period, except for the T1 and T2 treatments, the content of proline in the elymus chinensis treated by the soil conditioner is obviously higher than that in the CK treatment (P is less than 0.05), the MDA content of the elymus chinensis treated by the soil conditioner is respectively increased by 25.28%, 24.93%, 22.34%, 21.34%, 20.63%, 19.75%, 19.46% and 18.99% compared with that in the CK treatment from top to bottom, namely T24 is more than T20, more than T19 is more than T22 more than T16, more than T18 is more than T12 more than T15. The content of the proline of the elymus fossilis treated by applying the soil conditioner is obviously higher than that of the proline of CK (P is less than 0.05) in the mature period, and the content of the proline of the elymus fossilis treated by applying the soil conditioner is increased by 22.24 percent, 21.90 percent, 21.15 percent, 19.80 percent, 18.98 percent, 18.58 percent, 16.47 percent and 14.64 percent respectively compared with the content of the proline of the CK from top to bottom by T24, T20, T19, T16, T22, T18, T12 and T15. The soil conditioner is used for promoting the proline content of the elymus chinensis, wherein the proline content in the mixed application of the biochar, the bentonite and the organic fertilizer is higher than that in the mixed application of the bentonite and the organic fertilizer, the mixed application of the biochar and the organic fertilizer and the mixed application of the biochar and the bentonite.
10. Influence of different treatments on chlorophyll content of Thalictrum aquilegifolium in each growth period
Through analysis of the influence of different treatments on the chlorophyll content of the elymus chinensis in each growth period, as shown in fig. 10, the chlorophyll content of the elymus chinensis treated by applying the soil conditioner in the same growth period is increased compared with that of CK treated.
In the jointing stage, except for the treatments of T1, T2, T4, T5, T7 and T9, the chlorophyll content of the elymus chinensis treated by applying the soil conditioner is obviously higher than that of CK treatment (P is less than 0.05), the chlorophyll content of each treated elymus chinensis is sequentially increased from T24 to T20 to T16 to T22 to T19 to T18 to T12 to T11 from top to bottom, and is respectively increased by 38.78%, 38.02%, 37.26%, 34.60%, 33.08%, 31.94%, 27.49% and 24.33% compared with the CK treatment. In the heading stage, except for the treatments of T1, T5 and T7, the chlorophyll content of the elymus chinensis treated by the soil conditioner is obviously higher than that of CK (P is less than 0.05), the chlorophyll content of the elymus chinensis treated by each treatment is sequentially T24 > T20 > T16 > T12 > T22 > T19 > T23 > T18 from top to bottom, and is respectively improved by 50.47%, 49.84%, 49.21%, 48.58%, 47.91%, 46.95%, 46.30% and 36.66% compared with the CK treatment. In the grouting period, except for the treatments of T1, T2, T5 and T7, the chlorophyll content of the elymus chinensis treated by applying the soil conditioner is obviously higher than that of the CK (P is less than 0.05), the chlorophyll content of the elymus chinensis treated by applying the soil conditioner is respectively improved by 73.71%, 73.28%, 72.84%, 71.55%, 71.12%, 70.69%, 53.45% and 53.02% compared with the CK treatment from top eight first treated items to bottom in sequence of T24 > T20 > T16 > T22 > T12 > T19 > T18 > T11. In the mature period, except for the T1 and T9 treatments, the chlorophyll content of the elymus chinensis treated by the soil conditioner is obviously higher than that of the CK treatment (P is less than 0.05), the chlorophyll content of the elymus chinensis treated by each treatment is respectively improved by 99.35%, 98.05%, 96.75%, 94.81%, 89.61%, 88.96%, 87.66% and 74.68% compared with the CK from top eight to bottom in sequence of T24 to T16 to T20 to T22 to T12 to T19 to T18 to T15. The soil conditioner is used for promoting the chlorophyll content of the elymus chinensis, wherein the chlorophyll content of the mixed application of the biochar, the bentonite and the organic fertilizer in the same growth period is higher than that of the mixed application of the bentonite and the organic fertilizer, the mixed application of the biochar and the organic fertilizer and the mixed application of the biochar and the bentonite.
In summary, the present invention uses the elymus dahuricus as the test material, and further analyzes the optimal application amount of the biochar, the bentonite and the organic fertilizer for promoting the growth of the elymus dahuricus by discussing the effects of different application amount combinations of the biochar, the bentonite and the organic fertilizer on the physiological characteristics, the root form distribution and the growth and development conditions of the elymus dahuricus during each growth period, and obtains the following main conclusions:
(1) the biochar, the bentonite and the organic fertilizer are applied to promote the growth and development of the elymus dahuricus in each growth period, the plant height, the stem thickness and the root crown ratio of the biochar, the bentonite and the organic fertilizer in the same growth period are increased by different application amounts, the plant height, the stem thickness and the root crown ratio are respectively and maximally improved by 94.05%, 54.73% and 171.98% compared with CK treatment, and the influence of T12, T16 and T24 treatment on the biomass of the elymus dahuricus is most obvious.
(2) The biochar, the bentonite and the organic fertilizer are applied to promote physiological characteristics of the elymus chinensis in each growth period, different application amounts of the biochar, the bentonite and the organic fertilizer increase antioxidant enzyme activity, permeation regulating substances and chlorophyll content in the same growth period, cell membrane substances are reduced, SOD activity, POD activity, CAT activity, soluble sugar, proline content and chlorophyll content are respectively improved by 206.49%, 385.02%, 360.78%, 88.92%, 57.12% and 99.35% to the maximum extent compared with CK treatment, relative conductivity of leaves and malondialdehyde content are respectively reduced by 34.38% and 37.09% to the maximum extent compared with CK treatment, and T16, T20, T22 and T24 treatment has the most obvious effect on antioxidant enzyme activity. The effects of T19, T20, T22 and T24 treatments on cell membrane systems were most pronounced. T19, T22, and T24 treatments had the most significant effects on osmotic regulation. The effect of the T16 and T24 treatments on leaf photosynthesis is most significant.
(3) By discussing plant height, stem thickness, root-crown ratio, SOD activity, POD activity and CAT activity of the biochar, the bentonite and the organic fertilizer to the elymus cappus in different growth periodsThe obvious influence of 11 indexes including soluble sugar, proline content, relative conductivity, malonaldehyde content and chlorophyll content, and the optimal application amount of the test soil conditioner for promoting the growth and physiological characteristics of the windy and sandy land crops is 1.5kg/m of biochar through comprehensive analysis 2 4.0-5.0kg/m of bentonite 2 0.6-0.8kg/m of organic fertilizer 2 。
While the foregoing is directed to the preferred embodiment of the present invention, other and further embodiments of the invention may be devised without departing from the basic scope thereof, and the scope thereof is determined by the claims that follow.
Claims (2)
1. A soil conditioner optimization method for promoting the growth and physiological characteristics of elymus comatus in sand blown by the wind is characterized by comprising the following steps:
firstly, carrying out experimental design by an orthogonal experimental method, taking elymus dahuricus as a research object, applying biochar, bentonite and organic fertilizer with different dosages, and mixing the biochar, the bentonite and the organic fertilizer to serve as a soil conditioner;
step two, determining 11 indexes including the plant height, stem thickness, root-crown ratio, SOD activity, POD activity, CAT activity, soluble sugar, proline content, relative conductivity, malondialdehyde content and chlorophyll content of the elymus chinensis in different growth periods;
step three, obtaining the optimal combination of the biochar, the bentonite and the organic fertilizer for the influence of the biochar, the bentonite and the organic fertilizer on the growth and physiological characteristics of the elymus palustris in the sand storm land;
and step four, analyzing the optimal combination with a good effect on improving the aeolian sandy soil by combining the primary sequence and the secondary sequence of the influence relation and the optimal combination.
2. The method for optimizing soil conditioner to promote the growth and physiological properties of shavings of aeolian sand as claimed in claim 1, wherein said optimum combination of biochar, bentonite and organic fertilizer to improve the growth and physiological properties of shavings of aeolian sand is: the application amount of the biochar is 1.5kg/m 2 And the application amount of the bentonite is 4.0-5.0kg/m 2 The application amount of the organic fertilizer is 0.6-0.8kg/m 2 。
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