CN111296025A - Research and application of controlled-release nitrogen fertilizer and controlled-release potassium fertilizer on influence on physiological characteristics and soil nutrients of corn in large-horn-mouth period - Google Patents
Research and application of controlled-release nitrogen fertilizer and controlled-release potassium fertilizer on influence on physiological characteristics and soil nutrients of corn in large-horn-mouth period Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses research and application of a controlled release nitrogen fertilizer and a controlled release potassium fertilizer to influence the physiological characteristics of a corn in a large-horn mouth period and soil nutrients, and belongs to the technical field of controlled release fertilizers.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of fertilizer control and application, and particularly relates to research and application of a controlled release nitrogen fertilizer and a controlled release potassium fertilizer to influence physiological characteristics of corn in a large bell mouth period and soil nutrients.
Background
Corn is the first major food crop in China, is also one of the most frequently used dual-purpose food and feed crops in the world, and is used as C4The crop has the characteristics of high photosynthetic production efficiency, large yield potential and the like, and the importance of the crop is self-evident. The data indicate that in the 20 th century, the contribution of the fertilizer to the total grain yield reaches 1/3, and by 2010, the contribution rate of the fertilizer to the unit yield of corn reaches 25.3%, so that the fertilizer plays a very important role in lifting corn, but due to abuse of chemical fertilizers and unscientific fertilization, the utilization rate of the fertilizer is reduced, and the environment is seriously polluted. The nutrient release of the controlled release fertilizer can reach the synchronization with the nutrient absorption rule of crops, and the controlled release fertilizer is concerned by the advantages of less fertilization times, high nutrient utilization rate, labor and time saving and the like.
Nitrogen is a necessary nutrient element for the growth and development of corn, and has very important significance for root formation, leaf photosynthetic efficiency maintenance, carbon, potassium and other element accumulation. Researches show that the nitrogen-potassium interaction can obviously improve the dry matter accumulation of the corn, thereby improving the yield. The researches of fan leaves and the like show that the reasonable supply of nitrogen fertilizer is beneficial to the absorption and utilization of potassium by plants, delays the leaf senescence and lays a foundation for the high yield of corn. In addition, researches of scholars find that the controlled release fertilizer can more effectively reduce the application amount of the fertilizer compared with the common compound fertilizer, obviously increase the physiological characteristic parameters such as SPAD value and the like, and prevent the phenomenon of plant off-target.
The large horn period of the corn means that the leaves of the corn cob 3 mostly extend out, but only partially spread, the heart leaves are bushy, the side surface is shaped like a tweeter, and the large horn period enters 40-45 days after the corn seeds are sown. The large flare period of the corn is the period of the most vigorous and the most nitrogen-requiring period in the whole growth and development process of the corn, and is also the period which reflects the strength and the weakness of photosynthesis of corn plants and has the most representativeness. The dynamic change of the corn physiological indexes and the content of key indexes in soil nutrients in the period are discussed, and scientific basis is provided for the application of the controlled release fertilizer to the corn.
The experiment aims to improve the growth characteristic and photosynthetic capacity of corn plants, ensure the continuous supply of nutrients during the important growth period of corn and provide possibility for stable yield and income increase of the corn plants by researching the influence of the common nitrogen fertilizer and the controlled-release nitrogen fertilizer which are respectively applied with different dosages of controlled-release potassium fertilizer on the physiological characteristic and soil nutrient during the large bell-mouth period of the corn.
Disclosure of Invention
Technical problem to be solved
In order to overcome the defects in the prior art, the invention provides a research and application of a controlled-release nitrogen fertilizer and a controlled-release potassium fertilizer to influence the physiological characteristics of corn in a large bell-mouth period and soil nutrients, and solves the problems of reduced fertilizer utilization rate and severe environmental pollution caused by abuse and unscientific fertilization of the existing chemical fertilizers.
(II) technical scheme
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme: the research method for influencing the physiological characteristics of corn in the large-horn-mouth period and the soil nutrients by applying the controlled-release nitrogen fertilizer and the controlled-release potassium fertilizer comprises the following steps of:
s1, selecting experimental sites and materials: selecting a test site belonging to a warm zone and semi-humid continental monsoon climate, wherein the average annual temperature is 12.8-14.0 ℃, the annual precipitation is 1000mm, the soil is neutral and slightly acidic, the planting mode is wheat-corn crop rotation for twice a year, the corn variety is Tiantai 33, and the fertilizer for testing is urea.
S2, experimental design: the experiment designs orthogonal experiments of 3 levels in a main area and an auxiliary area, wherein a nitrogen fertilizer is used as the main area, a potassium fertilizer is used as the auxiliary area, the experiments totally design 7 treatments, the treatment is repeated for 3 times, and the area of a small area is 5m multiplied by 5m which is 25m2And arranging 50cm protection rows around the test area, filling weighed fertilizers into a plastic barrel, fully and uniformly mixing, uniformly applying the fertilizers into soil according to a plot, performing primary base application of the fertilizers, applying the fertilizers for 4-5 days, sowing, and performing field management on the corns in the whole growth period according to a local conventional high-yield cultivation mode.
S3, measurement items and methods: the method is carried out under the weather of sunny and windless conditions and sufficient illumination, the plant height and stem thickness, the SOAD value, the photosynthetic characteristic parameter and the fluorescence characteristic parameter of the plants are respectively determined at the large-bell-mouth stage of the corn at 9:00-11:00 in the morning, and the determination of each plant is carried out after three times of averaging;
s4, data processing and statistical method: experimental data organization and mapping differential significance analysis (P <0.05) was performed using microsoft excel2010, SAS8.0 statistical software, ANOVA for analysis of variance.
And S5, result and analysis.
S6, discussion and conclusion.
As a further scheme of the invention: the soil sampling is that a soil sample is collected according to an S point sampling method, 2 drills are weighed at a position 10cm away from a root system, the taken out controlled release fertilizer particles are picked out in the soil sampling process, then the controlled release fertilizer particles are placed back into a drill hole and covered with soil, the controlled release fertilizer particles are immediately placed into a sealing bag after being taken, the sampling depth is 0-20cm, and after the sample is naturally air-dried, the sample is ground and sieved for analysis and assay.
As a further scheme of the invention: the plant height and stem thickness are measured by a measuring tape perpendicular to the ground from the stem base to the corn top, and the diameter of the middle oblate part of the corn stem base exposed out of the 1 st complete internode on the ground is measured by a vernier caliper to serve as the stem thickness.
As a further scheme of the invention: the SPAD value was measured on both sides of the upper, middle and lower veins of the leaf between the edge of the leaf and the main vein using SPAD-502 chlorophyll apparatus manufactured by Minolta, Japan.
As a further scheme of the invention: the photosynthetic characteristics were measured by using a model Li6400XT portable photosynthesizer manufactured by LI-COR, USA, and the net photosynthetic rate (Pn) and transpiration rate (Tr) of the maize ear position leaves under different treatments were measured.
As a further scheme of the invention: the fluorescence characteristics were measured using an FMS-2 pulse modulation type fluorometer manufactured by Hansatech, UK, and the fluorescence parameters were measured: initial fluorescence (F0), maximum fluorescence (Fm), actual photochemical efficiency PhiPSII, and the values of variable fluorescence (Fv), primary light energy conversion efficiency (Fv/Fm) and potential activity (Fv/F0) of photosystem II (PSII) were calculated as follows: Fv/Fm ═ Fm-F0)/Fm, Fv/F0 ═ Fm-F0)/F0, after the photoreaction measurement, the leaf should be adapted in the dark for 30min and then dark reaction parameters are measured, the measurement site is the upper part of the first expanded leaf of the upper part of the maize, avoiding the leaf vein.
As a further scheme of the invention: the physicochemical property of the soil is determined by using 1mol/LNH of soil sample4Ac (pH 7.0) leaching, and measuring the content of quick-acting potassium and NO in soil by flame photometry3N content 0.01mol/LCaCl2After leaching, the measurement is carried out by an ultraviolet spectrophotometer.
As a further scheme of the invention: the controlled-release nitrogen fertilizer is respectively matched with controlled-release potassium fertilizers with different dosages to influence the physiological characteristics of the corn in the large-horn mouth period and soil nutrients, the growth characteristics and the photosynthetic capacity of corn plants are improved, the continuous supply of the nutrients in the important growth period of the corn is ensured, and the possibility is provided for the stable yield and the income increase of the corn.
(III) advantageous effects
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the controlled-release nitrogen fertilizer is matched with the controlled-release potash fertilizer to influence the physiological characteristics of the corn in the large-horn mouth period and the research and application of soil nutrients, the controlled-release nitrogen fertilizer is respectively matched with different dosages to influence the physiological characteristics of the corn in the large-horn mouth period and the soil nutrients, and the advantages expressed by various physiological characteristic indexes of the corn in the large-horn mouth period are obvious, so that the growth quality and the photosynthetic capacity of corn leaves are improved, the continuous supply of the nutrients in the important growth period of the corn is ensured, the possibility is provided for the stable production and income increase of the corn, and the application of the controlled-release fertilizer not only meets the large demand of the corn on the nutrients in the key period, but also well improves the soil fertility.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a table analysis of a corn fertilization protocol of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is an analysis graph of the plant height of maize under different treatments according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a graph of the analysis of the stem thickness of corn under various treatments in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a graph of the analysis of SPAD values of corn under different treatments according to the invention;
FIG. 5 is an analysis graph of net photosynthetic rate of corn under various treatments of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a graph of the analysis of the corn transpiration rate under different treatments in accordance with the invention;
FIG. 7 is a tabular analysis chart of maize Φ PS II, Fv/Fm and Fv/F0 under various treatments of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is an analysis graph of the rapid-acting potassium content of soil under different treatments according to the present invention;
FIG. 9 is an analysis graph of nitrate nitrogen content of soil under different treatments according to the present invention;
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the present patent are further described in detail with reference to the following embodiments, which should not be construed as limiting the present invention, and the materials, reagents, and apparatuses used in the examples are commercially available without specific reference.
Example (b): the research method for influencing the physiological characteristics of corn in the large-horn-mouth period and the soil nutrients by applying the controlled-release nitrogen fertilizer and the controlled-release potassium fertilizer comprises the following steps of:
s1, selecting experimental sites and materials: the test site is arranged in a small river village (35 degrees 38 'N, 118 degrees 37' E) of cattle in villages and towns in Yinan county of Yinan county in Shandong province, belongs to warm-warm zone semi-humid continental monsoon climate, the annual average temperature is 12.8-14.0 ℃, the annual precipitation is 1000mm, the soil is neutral and slightly acidic, the planting mode is wheat-corn rotation and double cropping in one year, the corn variety is Tiantai 33, and the type of the fertilizer to be tested is urea (containing N46%) produced by Shandong Jinzheng ecological engineering group member limited company; superphosphate (containing P)2 O 516%); resin coated urea (containing N42%, controlled release for 3 months); controlled release potassium chloride (containing K)2O56%, controlled release for 3 months).
S2, experimental design: the experiment designs orthogonal experiments of 3 levels in a main area and an auxiliary area, wherein a nitrogen fertilizer is used as the main area, a potassium fertilizer is used as the auxiliary area, the experiments totally design 7 treatments, the treatment is repeated for 3 times, and the area of a small area is 5m multiplied by 5m which is 25m2And arranging 50cm protection rows around the test area, filling weighed fertilizers into a plastic barrel, fully and uniformly mixing, uniformly applying the fertilizers into soil according to a plot, performing primary base application of the fertilizers, applying the fertilizers for 4-5 days, sowing, and performing field management on the corns in the whole growth period according to a local conventional high-yield cultivation mode.
S3, measurement items and methods: the method is carried out under the weather of sunny and windless conditions and sufficient illumination, the plant height and stem thickness, the SOAD value, the photosynthetic characteristic parameter and the fluorescence characteristic parameter of the plants are respectively determined at the large flare stage of the corn at 9:00-11:00 in the morning, and the determination of each plant is carried out after three times of averaging.
S4, data processing and statistical method: experimental data organization and mapping differential significance analysis (P <0.05) was performed using microsoft excel2010, SAS8.0 statistical software, ANOVA for analysis of variance.
And S5, result and analysis.
a. Influence of different treatments on the height and stem thickness of maize plants.
The effect of the controlled-release potassium fertilizer and the controlled-release nitrogen fertilizer is obviously better than that of urea, and the plant height and the stem thickness of the corn treated by different fertilizers are obviously different (figure 2). The height of the treated plant of T2 is the highest and can reach 174.33cm, and the worst growth vigor in the controlled-release nitrogen fertilizer treatment can be higher than the best growth vigor in the common nitrogen fertilizer treatment by more than 3 cm; the combined advantages of the controlled-release nitrogen fertilizer and the controlled-release potassium fertilizer on the stem diameter are also obvious (figure 3), the effect of treating the stem diameter by the T2 is the best, the combined advantages can reach 31.12cm, are respectively 1.82 percent and 6.48 percent higher than those of treating the stem diameter by the same level, the difference is not obvious, and is 27.82 percent higher than that of CK, and the difference is obvious.
b. Effect of different treatments on the SPAD value of maize.
The correlation of the chlorophyll content and the SPAD value reach an extremely significant level, so the SPAD value can be used for representing the chlorophyll content, the difference of the treatment of applying the controlled-release nitrogen fertilizer in the large-horn period of the corn compared with the common nitrogen fertilizer is significant (figure 4), the SPAD value of the T2 treatment is the highest and can reach 58.33, the ratio of the SPAD value to the SPAD value is 10.13 percent higher than that of applying urea and equivalent controlled-release potassium fertilizer simultaneously (T5), and the ratio of the other two groups is respectively 7.71 percent and 4.21 percent higher.
c. Effect of different treatments on photosynthetic characteristics of maize.
Net photosynthetic rate (Pn): sufficient nitrogen supply obviously improves the net photosynthetic rate of leaves (figure 5), the T2 effect is best, the value can reach 16.96 mu mol.m < -2 > s < -1 >, three treatments Pn with PCN as the main zone are obviously higher than the N main zone, the size of the three treatments is represented as T2> T3> T1, and the treatment is respectively improved by 15.88%, 13.29% and 3.89% compared with the treatment of equivalent controlled release potash fertilizer.
Transpiration rate (Tr): the results in figure 6 show that the transpiration rate of treatments with controlled nitrogen fertilizer application is the same as Pn, and the difference between controlled nitrogen and normal nitrogen fertilizers is significant, with the treatment group with the lowest PCN level Tr being 20.25% higher than the highest N level Tr (T5) and 62.37% higher than CK, and the group with the lowest value among all fertilization treatments (T6) also being 31.93% higher than CK.
d. Effect of different treatments on the fluorescence properties of maize.
The results in FIG. 7 show that there was no significant difference in PhiPS II between the fertilization treatments at the large flare stage of maize, but it was significantly higher than CK, with the highest value of T2, higher than CK 82.61%, and the less well-behaved treatment group (T4) also higher than CK 52.17%, which is 1.52 times that of CK; under the treatment of the equivalent controlled release potash fertilizer, Fv/Fm at three levels of PCN is higher than that at three levels of N, and is respectively increased by 2.70%, 4.05% and 2.70%, and the difference with CK is obvious; the size relationship of Fv/F0 with PCN as the main region is as follows: t2> T3> T1, much greater than CK, no difference between N levels, with the best performing treatment group (T6) also being only 11.03% higher than CK.
e. The influence of different treatments on the physicochemical properties of the soil.
The soil quick-acting potassium content: the results of FIG. 8 show that the quick-acting potassium content is highest under the treatment of the high-quantity controlled-release potassium fertilizer, and the treatment effect of T6 is optimal and can reach 219.21 mg.kg < -1 >; the content of the available potassium is decreased gradually in sequence according to different proportions of the controlled release potassium fertilizer in the high, the low and the medium between the main areas of the same nitrogen fertilizer, wherein no obvious difference exists between the 3 treatments under the common nitrogen fertilizer level, and the difference is obvious when the controlled release nitrogen fertilizer is the T3 treatment of the main area compared with the T1 and the T2; there is no difference between the equal amount of controlled release potash fertilizer and the different types of nitrogen fertilizers.
The content of nitrate nitrogen in soil is as follows: as can be seen from FIG. 9, the influence of high-quantity controlled-release potash fertilizers on the nitrate nitrogen content of soil is most obvious in the preparation and application of different types of nitrogen fertilizers, wherein the T6 treatment value is the highest and can reach 26.08 mg.kg < -1 >; the level of the controlled-release nitrogen fertilizer is 37.42 to 64.79 percent higher than that of the common nitrogen fertilizer; under the condition of equal nitrogen, the treatment of different amounts of controlled-release potash fertilizers has no obvious difference.
S6, discussion and conclusion.
In the large-horn period of the corn, the content of nitrogen plays a decisive role in the stem thickness of the plant height, and the growth quality of the plant can be influenced by too much or too little potassium, but the growth of the root system is mainly influenced. In the test, the effect of the moderate controlled-release potash fertilizer on the plant height and stem thickness of the corn is the best, compared with the urea-applied equivalent controlled-release potash fertilizer, the plant height and stem thickness can be respectively 13.20% and 11.63% higher, and the application of the controlled-release nitrogen fertilizer ensures the nutrition supply of the corn in the whole growth period and plays a positive role in plant development. Chlorophyll plays a vital role in photosynthesis, is closely related to the accumulation of organic substances of corn and the yield of the corn, and the nitrogen supply condition in soil can be reflected to a certain extent through the change of the content of chlorophyll. The experiment shows that the treatment of the potassium fertilizers with different amounts and the same nitrogen fertilizer is not different, which indicates that nitrogen is the main component of chlorophyll, the synthesis of the chlorophyll depends on the supply condition of nitrogen, and the release of the controlled-release nitrogen fertilizer nutrient is consistent with the demand of crops, so that the plants show high chlorophyll content, large leaves and fresh green.
Photosynthesis is a basic process of producing and accumulating organic matters in plants, and the performance of the photosynthesis is related to the high and low corn yield. Nitrogen is an important component of protein (enzyme) and nucleic acid in plants, influences the photosynthesis to a certain extent, and different nitrogen supply levels have obvious influence on the net photosynthesis rate of corn. In the test, the controlled release nitrogen fertilizer has obvious advantages over the common nitrogen fertilizer, the large horn mouth stage of the corn is in the middle stage of the whole growth period of the plant and is the most critical stage, the timely and sufficient nutrition supply is crucial, the nitrogen of the controlled release nitrogen fertilizer is slowly released in the early stage, and powerful support is provided for the fertilizer requirement of crops in the middle and later stages, so the PCN level is 3.89-20.43% higher than the net photosynthetic rate of the N level. Crop transpiration is a complex process, and is not only influenced by external environments such as solar radiation, temperature, humidity and the like, but also limited by the morphological structure and physiological condition of plants. The result obtained by the experimental research is that the transpiration rate of the corn leaves can be remarkably improved by the fertilization treatment compared with the fertilization without fertilization, and the controlled-release nitrogen fertilizer is also obviously better than the common nitrogen fertilizer, and the specific size is T2, T3, T1, T5, T4 and T6; in the three levels of PCN, the transpiration rate values are: t2 is 0.8373 mmol.m < -2 > s < -1 >, T3 is 0.8273 mmol.m < -2 > s < -1 >, T1 is 0.8237 mmol.m < -2 > s < -1 >, and the three are not different but are far higher than the three-level treatment of N, which shows that nitrogen determines the transpiration rate and the content of potassium does not have a critical influence. The corn grows in summer, the temperature of the leaves is higher, the effective transpiration can reduce the temperature of the leaves, the senescence of the leaves is delayed, and the photosynthesis can be smoothly carried out.
Chlorophyll fluorescence is an internal probe for researching the rapid and nondestructive photosynthetic function of a plant body, and when the external environmental conditions change, the chlorophyll fluorescence parameters in the plant can also change, so that the influence of the plant growth conditions and environmental factors on the plant can be reflected to a certain extent. In the test, the nitrogen application Fv/Fm and Fv/F0 are obviously better than CK, and the three horizontal values under the controlled-release nitrogen fertilizer treatment are also higher than those under the common nitrogen fertilizer treatment. The timely supply of nitrogen can make the plant obtain sufficient nitrogen nutrient element, and the nitrogen is the important component of various electron transfersomes and chemical enzymes in photosystem II, so that the primary light energy conversion efficiency and potential activity of PS II can be improved.
Compared with the common fertilizer, the application of the controlled release fertilizer can obviously reduce the volatilization of nitrogen and inhibit the leaching loss of phosphorus and potassium elements to a certain extent, thereby improving the content of available nutrients in the soil of the plough layer. The test result shows that under the levels of different types of nitrogen fertilizers, the content of the quick-acting potassium in the soil is respectively T3, T2, T1, T6, T5 and T4, and the content of the quick-acting potassium in the soil is positively correlated with the application amount of the controlled-release potassium fertilizer; the content of the available potassium in the main area of the controlled-release nitrogen fertilizer is less than that in the main area of the common nitrogen fertilizer, which shows that the absorption of the available potassium by corn plants is more facilitated along with the increase of the nitrogen content, so that the content of the available potassium in the soil is reduced. In dry farmland, nitrate nitrogen is a main nitrogen source of corn, and ammonium nitrogen is one of main nitrogen forms which can be directly absorbed and utilized by plants and can be converted into nitrate nitrogen through nitrification, so that the content of the nitrate nitrogen can reflect the nitrogen supply capacity and strength of soil to the corn. The research of the test shows that the treatment (T1) with the lowest nitrate nitrogen content in the main zone of the controlled-release nitrogen fertilizer is higher than the treatment (T4) with the best performance at the level of the common nitrogen fertilizer by 37.42 percent, so that the advantages of the controlled-release nitrogen fertilizer are quite obvious, and the continuous supply of nutrients can be ensured at the large horn mouth stage with the highest fertilizer requirement of the corn, which is consistent with the previous research.
In conclusion, the T2 treatment (the controlled release nitrogen fertilizer is matched with the medium-amount controlled release potassium fertilizer), has obvious advantages in various physiological characteristic indexes in the large-bell-mouth period of the corn; the controlled-release nitrogen fertilizer has the characteristic of high efficiency, not only meets the requirement of crops on a large amount of nutrients in a key period, but also well improves the soil fertility.
The soil sampling is to collect a soil sample according to an S point sampling method, 2 drills are weighed at a position 10cm away from a root system, the taken out controlled release fertilizer particles are picked out in the soil taking process, then the controlled release fertilizer particles are placed back into a drill hole and covered with soil, the controlled release fertilizer particles are immediately placed into a sealing bag after being taken, the sampling depth is 0-20cm, and after the sample is naturally air-dried, the sample is ground and sieved for analysis and assay.
The plant height and stem thickness are measured by a measuring tape perpendicular to the ground from the stem base to the corn top, and the diameter of the corn stem base exposed out of the middle oblate part between the 1 st complete internode on the ground is measured by a vernier caliper to be used as the stem thickness.
The SPAD value was measured on both sides of the superior, middle and inferior veins of the leaf between the edge of the leaf and the main vein using SPAD-502 chlorophyll apparatus manufactured by Minolta, Japan.
The photosynthetic characteristics were measured by using a model Li6400XT portable photosynthesizer manufactured by LI-COR, USA, and the net photosynthetic rate (Pn) and transpiration rate (Tr) of the maize ear position leaves under different treatments were measured.
The fluorescence characteristics were measured using an FMS-2 pulse modulation type fluorometer manufactured by Hansatech, England, and the fluorescence parameters were measured: initial fluorescence (F0), maximum fluorescence (Fm), actual photochemical efficiency PhiPSII, and the values of variable fluorescence (Fv), primary light energy conversion efficiency (Fv/Fm) and potential activity (Fv/F0) of photosystem II (PSII) were calculated as follows: Fv/Fm ═ Fm-F0)/Fm, Fv/F0 ═ Fm-F0)/F0, after the photoreaction measurement, the leaf should be adapted in the dark for 30min and then dark reaction parameters are measured, the measurement site is the upper part of the first expanded leaf of the upper part of the maize, avoiding the leaf vein.
The controlled-release nitrogen fertilizer is respectively matched with controlled-release potassium fertilizers with different dosages to influence the physiological characteristics and soil nutrients of the corn in the large bell mouth period, the growth characteristics and the photosynthetic capacity of corn plants are improved, the continuous supply of nutrients in the important growth period of the corn is ensured, and the possibility is provided for the stable yield and the income increase of the corn.
Although the preferred embodiments of the present patent have been described in detail, the present patent is not limited to the above embodiments, and various changes can be made without departing from the spirit of the present patent within the knowledge of those skilled in the art.
Claims (8)
1. The research method for influencing the physiological characteristics of corn in the large-horn-mouth period and the soil nutrients by applying the controlled-release nitrogen fertilizer and the controlled-release potassium fertilizer is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
s1, selecting experimental sites and materials: selecting a warm-warm zone semi-humid continental monsoon climate of which the experimental site belongs to, wherein the average annual temperature is 12.8-14.0 ℃, the annual precipitation is 1000mm, the soil is neutral and slightly acidic, the planting mode is wheat-corn crop rotation for twice a year, the corn variety is 'Tiantai 33', and the fertilizer to be tested is urea;
s2, experimental design: the experiment designs orthogonal experiments of 3 levels in a main area and an auxiliary area, wherein a nitrogen fertilizer is used as the main area, a potassium fertilizer is used as the auxiliary area, the experiments totally design 7 treatments, the treatment is repeated for 3 times, and the area of a small area is 5m multiplied by 5m which is 25m2Arranging 50cm protection rows around a test area, putting weighed fertilizers into a plastic barrel, fully and uniformly mixing, uniformly applying the fertilizers into soil according to a plot, performing primary base application of the fertilizers, applying the fertilizers for 4-5 days, sowing, and performing field management on the corns in the whole growth period according to a local conventional high-yield cultivation mode;
s3, measurement items and methods: the method is carried out under the weather of sunny and windless conditions and sufficient illumination, the plant height and stem thickness, the SOAD value, the photosynthetic characteristic parameter and the fluorescence characteristic parameter of the plants are respectively determined at the large-bell-mouth stage of the corn at 9:00-11:00 in the morning, and the determination of each plant is carried out after three times of averaging;
s4, data processing and statistical method: the experimental data is sorted and plotted, and the difference significance analysis (P <0.05) and the ANOVA analysis are carried out by adopting Microsoft excel2010 and SAS8.0 statistical software;
s5, result and analysis;
s6, discussion and conclusion.
2. The research method for the controlled release nitrogen fertilizer with the controlled release potash fertilizer affecting the physiological characteristics of the corn in the large flare stage and the soil nutrients according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the soil sampling is that a soil sample is collected according to an S point sampling method, 2 drills are weighed at a position 10cm away from a root system, the taken out controlled release fertilizer particles are picked out in the soil sampling process, then the controlled release fertilizer particles are placed back into a drill hole and covered with soil, the controlled release fertilizer particles are immediately placed into a sealing bag after being taken, the sampling depth is 0-20cm, and after the sample is naturally air-dried, the sample is ground and sieved for analysis and assay.
3. The research method for the controlled release nitrogen fertilizer with the controlled release potash fertilizer affecting the physiological characteristics of the corn in the large flare stage and the soil nutrients according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the plant height and stem thickness are measured by a measuring tape perpendicular to the ground from the stem base to the corn top, and the diameter of the middle oblate part of the corn stem base exposed out of the 1 st complete internode on the ground is measured by a vernier caliper to serve as the stem thickness.
4. The research method for the controlled release nitrogen fertilizer with the controlled release potash fertilizer affecting the physiological characteristics of the corn in the large flare stage and the soil nutrients according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the SPAD value was measured on both sides of the upper, middle and lower veins of the leaf between the edge of the leaf and the main vein using SPAD-502 chlorophyll apparatus manufactured by Minolta, Japan.
5. The research method for the controlled release nitrogen fertilizer with the controlled release potash fertilizer affecting the physiological characteristics of the corn in the large flare stage and the soil nutrients according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the photosynthetic characteristics were measured by using a model Li6400XT portable photosynthesizer manufactured by LI-COR, USA, and the net photosynthetic rate (Pn) and transpiration rate (Tr) of the maize ear position leaves under different treatments were measured.
6. The research method for the controlled release nitrogen fertilizer with the controlled release potash fertilizer affecting the physiological characteristics of the corn in the large flare stage and the soil nutrients according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the fluorescence characteristics were measured using an FMS-2 pulse modulation type fluorometer manufactured by Hansatech, UK, and the fluorescence parameters were measured: initial fluorescence (F0), maximum fluorescence (Fm), actual photochemical efficiency PhiPSII, and the values of variable fluorescence (Fv), primary light energy conversion efficiency (Fv/Fm) and potential activity (Fv/F0) of photosystem II (PSII) were calculated as follows: Fv/Fm ═ Fm-F0)/Fm, Fv/F0 ═ Fm-F0)/F0, after the photoreaction measurement, the leaf should be adapted in the dark for 30min and then dark reaction parameters are measured, the measurement site is the upper part of the first expanded leaf of the upper part of the maize, avoiding the leaf vein.
7. The research method for the controlled release nitrogen fertilizer with the controlled release potash fertilizer affecting the physiological characteristics of the corn in the large flare stage and the soil nutrients according to claim 2 is characterized in that: the physicochemical property of the soil is determined by using 1mol/LNH of soil sample4Ac (pH 7.0) leaching, and measuring the content of quick-acting potassium and NO in soil by flame photometry3N content 0.01mol/LCaCl2After leaching, the measurement is carried out by an ultraviolet spectrophotometer.
8. The use of the controlled release nitrogen fertilizer with controlled release potash fertilizer to affect the physiological characteristics of corn in the large flare stage and soil nutrients as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the controlled-release nitrogen fertilizer is respectively matched with controlled-release potassium fertilizers with different dosages to influence the physiological characteristics of the corn in the large-horn mouth period and soil nutrients, the growth characteristics and the photosynthetic capacity of corn plants are improved, the continuous supply of the nutrients in the important growth period of the corn is ensured, and the possibility is provided for the stable yield and the income increase of the corn.
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