CN114844187A

CN114844187A - Charging system, charging method and terminal equipment

Info

Publication number: CN114844187A
Application number: CN202210558572.6A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 陈佳; 刘小勇
Original assignee: Meizu Technology Co Ltd
Current assignee: Meizu Technology Co Ltd
Priority date: 2022-05-20
Filing date: 2022-05-20
Publication date: 2022-08-02

Abstract

The present disclosure relates to a charging system, a charging method, and a terminal device, including: a charging circuit and a rechargeable battery; the input end of the charging circuit is externally connected with an AC/DC adapter, and the output end of the charging circuit is electrically connected with a rechargeable battery; the charging circuit converts the charging voltage output by the AC/DC adapter into a target voltage and outputs the target voltage to the rechargeable battery, wherein the target voltage is one quarter of the charging voltage, the charging voltage output by the external AC/DC adapter is converted into the target voltage one quarter of the charging voltage and then outputs the target voltage to the rechargeable battery, and the smaller the heat loss on the corresponding charging circuit is, so that the charging performance and the safety performance of the charging circuit are improved.

Description

Charging system, charging method and terminal equipment

Technical Field

The present disclosure relates to the field of battery charging technologies, and in particular, to a charging system, a charging method, and a terminal device.

Background

The rechargeable battery is a rechargeable battery with limited charging times and can be matched with a charger for use. Through charging the battery, the battery can be reused, and the requirements of economy and environmental protection can be favorably met. The charging process of a battery is the reverse of its discharging process, specifically, the process of converting electrical energy into chemical energy stored in the battery.

In current terminal equipment, a single-cell battery is mainly used for charging. However, in the single cell battery, since the voltage is about 4.5V when the battery is fully charged, when the charging current exceeds 8A, the heat generation of the battery side circuit board is serious. For this reason, the battery connector also needs to be replaced with a battery connector having smaller impedance and larger current, which results in increased hardware cost; meanwhile, the wiring and heat dissipation treatment in the battery end circuit board are also more difficult.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to solve the technical problem described above or at least partially solve the technical problem, the present disclosure provides a charging system, a charging method, and a terminal device that improve charging performance of a charging circuit.

In a first aspect, an embodiment of the present disclosure provides a charging system, including: a charging circuit and a rechargeable battery;

the input end of the charging circuit is externally connected with an alternating current-direct current adapter, and the output end of the charging circuit is electrically connected with the rechargeable battery;

the charging circuit converts the charging voltage output by the alternating current-direct current adapter into a target voltage and outputs the target voltage to the rechargeable battery, wherein the target voltage is one quarter of the charging voltage.

Optionally, the charging circuit includes a first charging circuit, the first charging circuit includes a first energy storage unit and a first switch unit, the first energy storage unit includes a first capacitor, a second capacitor and a third capacitor, and the first switch unit includes a first transistor, a second transistor, a third transistor, a fourth transistor, a fifth transistor, a sixth transistor, a seventh transistor and an eighth transistor;

the first end of the first transistor is externally connected with the ac/dc adapter, the second end of the first transistor is electrically connected with the first end of the first capacitor and the first end of the second transistor, the second end of the second transistor is electrically connected with the first end of the second capacitor and the first end of the third transistor, the second end of the third transistor is electrically connected with the first end of the third capacitor and the first end of the fourth transistor, the second end of the fourth transistor is electrically connected with the first end of the fifth transistor, the first end of the seventh transistor and the rechargeable battery, the second end of the fifth transistor is electrically connected with the second end of the second capacitor and the first end of the sixth transistor, the second end of the sixth transistor is grounded, and the second end of the seventh transistor is electrically connected with the second end of the first capacitor, the first end of the first capacitor, the second end of the second transistor, the second end of the third transistor is electrically connected with the rechargeable battery, the third end of the third transistor, the fourth transistor is electrically connected with the second end of the third transistor, the fourth transistor is electrically connected with the second end of the third transistor, the fourth transistor is electrically connected with the fourth transistor, the second end of the fourth transistor is electrically connected with the second end of the third transistor, the fourth transistor, and the fourth transistor is electrically connected with the second end of the fourth transistor is electrically connected with the fourth transistor, the second end of the fourth transistor, the fourth transistor, And the second end of the third capacitor is electrically connected with the first end of the eighth transistor, and the second end of the eighth transistor is grounded.

Optionally, the charging circuit further includes a second charging circuit, the second charging circuit includes a second energy storage unit and a second switch unit, the second energy storage unit includes a fourth capacitor, a fifth capacitor and a sixth capacitor, and the second switch unit includes a ninth transistor, a tenth transistor, an eleventh transistor, a twelfth transistor, a thirteenth transistor, a fourteenth transistor, a fifteenth transistor and a sixteenth transistor;

a first end of the ninth transistor is electrically connected to the first end of the first transistor, a second end of the ninth transistor is electrically connected to the first end of the fourth capacitor and the first end of the tenth transistor, respectively, a second end of the tenth transistor is electrically connected to the first end of the fifth capacitor and the first end of the eleventh transistor, respectively, a second end of the eleventh transistor is electrically connected to the first end of the sixth capacitor and the first end of the twelfth transistor, a second end of the twelfth transistor is electrically connected to the first end of the thirteenth transistor, a second end of the thirteenth transistor is electrically connected to the second end of the fifth capacitor and the first end of the fourteenth transistor, respectively, a second end of the fourteenth transistor is grounded, and a first end of the fifteenth transistor is electrically connected to the second end of the fourth transistor and the rechargeable battery, respectively, a second end of the fifteenth transistor is electrically connected to the second end of the fourth capacitor, the second end of the sixth capacitor, and the first end of the sixteenth transistor, respectively, and a second end of the sixteenth transistor is grounded.

Optionally, a voltage difference value between the upper plate and the lower plate of the first capacitor is a quarter of a charging voltage, a voltage difference value between the upper plate and the lower plate of the second capacitor is a quarter of a charging voltage, and a voltage difference value between the upper plate and the lower plate of the third capacitor is a quarter of a charging voltage.

In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present disclosure provides a charging method applied to the charging system of any one of the first aspects, including:

in the pre-charging stage, the conduction state of the switch unit is controlled, and the energy storage unit is charged to a preset voltage;

and in the charging stage, controlling the conduction state of the switch unit to output the target voltage to the rechargeable battery.

Optionally, the precharge phase includes a first precharge phase, a second precharge phase and a third precharge phase;

in the pre-charging stage, the on-state of the switch unit is controlled, and the energy storage unit is charged to a preset voltage, including:

in the first pre-charging stage, controlling the on state of the switch unit to charge the first capacitor, the second capacitor and the third capacitor to a first preset voltage;

in the second pre-charging stage, the conducting state of the switch unit is controlled, and the first capacitor and the second capacitor are charged to a second preset voltage;

in the third pre-charging stage, the conducting state of the switch unit is controlled, and the first capacitor is charged to a third preset voltage;

wherein the first preset voltage is one quarter of the charging voltage, the second preset voltage is one quarter of the charging voltage, and the third preset voltage is one quarter of the charging voltage.

Optionally, the first precharge phase includes a first sub-precharge phase, a second sub-precharge phase and a third sub-precharge phase, the second precharge phase includes a fourth sub-precharge phase and a fifth sub-precharge phase, and the third precharge phase includes a sixth sub-precharge phase;

in the first pre-charge stage, controlling a conducting state of the switch unit to charge the first capacitor, the second capacitor, and the third capacitor to a first preset voltage includes:

in the first sub-precharge stage, outputting a first control signal to control the second transistor, the third transistor, the fourth transistor and the eighth transistor to be turned on, so that the rechargeable battery is discharged, and the first capacitor is charged to a first preset voltage;

in the second sub-precharge stage, outputting a second control signal to control the third transistor, the fourth transistor and the sixth transistor to be turned on, so that the rechargeable battery is discharged, and the second capacitor is charged to a first preset voltage;

in the third sub-precharge stage, outputting a third control signal to control the fourth transistor and the eighth transistor to be turned on, so that the rechargeable battery is discharged, and the third capacitor is charged to a first preset voltage;

in the second pre-charging stage, controlling a conducting state of the switch unit to charge the first capacitor and the second capacitor to a second preset voltage includes:

in the fourth sub-precharge stage, outputting a fourth control signal to control the second transistor, the third transistor, the seventh transistor and the eighth transistor to be turned on, so as to discharge the rechargeable battery and charge the first capacitor to a second preset voltage;

in the fifth sub-precharge stage, outputting a fifth control signal to control the third transistor, the sixth transistor and the seventh transistor to be turned on, so that the rechargeable battery is discharged, and the second capacitor is charged to a second preset voltage;

in the third pre-charge stage, controlling a conducting state of the switch unit to charge the first capacitor to a third preset voltage includes:

in the sixth sub-precharge stage, a sixth control signal is output to control the second transistor, the fifth transistor and the eighth transistor to be turned on, so that the rechargeable battery is discharged, and the first capacitor is charged to a third preset voltage.

Optionally, the charging phase includes a first charging phase and a second charging phase;

the controlling the on state of the switch unit to output the target voltage to the rechargeable battery in the charging phase includes:

in the first charging stage, controlling the first transistor, the third transistor, the sixth transistor and the seventh transistor to be conducted so as to output a target voltage to a rechargeable battery;

and in the second charging stage, the second transistor, the fourth transistor, the fifth transistor and the eighth transistor are controlled to be conducted so as to output a target voltage to a rechargeable battery.

Optionally, the first charging phase includes a first sub-charging phase and a second sub-charging phase, and the second charging phase includes a third sub-charging phase and a fourth sub-charging phase;

the controlling the first transistor, the third transistor, the sixth transistor and the seventh transistor to be turned on in the first charging phase to output a target voltage to a rechargeable battery includes:

in the first sub-charging stage, outputting a seventh control signal to control the first transistor and the seventh transistor to be conducted so as to output a target voltage to a rechargeable battery;

in the second sub-charging stage, outputting an eighth control signal to control the third transistor, the sixth transistor and the seventh transistor to be turned on so as to output a target voltage to a rechargeable battery;

in the second charging stage, controlling the second transistor, the fourth transistor, the fifth transistor, and the eighth transistor to be turned on to output a target voltage to a rechargeable battery, includes:

in the third sub-charging stage, outputting a ninth control signal to control the second transistor, the fifth transistor and the eighth transistor to be turned on so as to output a target voltage to a rechargeable battery;

in the fourth sub-charging stage, outputting a tenth control signal to control the fourth transistor and the eighth transistor to be turned on so as to output a target voltage to the rechargeable battery.

In a third aspect, an embodiment of the present disclosure provides a terminal device, where the terminal device includes the charging system according to any one of the first aspects, or performs charging by using the charging method according to any one of the second aspects.

Compared with the prior art, the technical scheme provided by the embodiment of the disclosure has the following advantages:

according to the charging system, the charging circuit and the terminal equipment, the input end of the charging circuit is externally connected with the alternating current-direct current adapter, and the output end of the first charging circuit is electrically connected with the rechargeable battery; the charging circuit converts the charging voltage output by the alternating current-direct current adapter into the target voltage and then outputs the target voltage to the charging battery, wherein the target voltage is one fourth of the charging voltage, namely, the charging system provided by the embodiment of the disclosure realizes that the charging voltage output by the external alternating current-direct current adapter is converted into the target voltage one fourth of the charging voltage and then outputs the target voltage to the charging battery, and the heat loss on the corresponding charging circuit is smaller at the moment, so that the charging performance and the safety performance of the charging circuit are improved, and the problem of heating during high-power charging of the charging circuit can be better solved.

Drawings

The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments consistent with the present disclosure and together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the disclosure.

In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments or technical solutions in the prior art of the present disclosure, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art that other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without inventive exercise.

Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a charging system provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure;

fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a charging circuit according to an embodiment of the disclosure;

fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of an equivalent circuit structure of a charging circuit according to an embodiment of the disclosure;

fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of an equivalent circuit structure of another charging circuit provided in the embodiment of the present disclosure;

fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of an equivalent circuit structure of another charging circuit provided in the embodiment of the present disclosure;

fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of an equivalent circuit structure of another charging circuit provided in the embodiment of the present disclosure;

fig. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of another charging circuit provided in the embodiments of the present disclosure;

fig. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of another charging circuit provided in the embodiment of the present disclosure;

fig. 9 is a schematic diagram of an equivalent circuit structure of another charging circuit provided in the embodiment of the present disclosure;

fig. 10 is a schematic diagram of an equivalent circuit structure of another charging circuit provided in the embodiment of the present disclosure;

fig. 11 is a schematic diagram of an equivalent circuit structure of another charging circuit provided in the embodiment of the present disclosure;

fig. 12 is a schematic diagram of an equivalent circuit structure of another charging circuit provided in the embodiment of the present disclosure;

fig. 13 is a schematic diagram of an equivalent circuit structure of another charging circuit provided in the embodiment of the present disclosure;

fig. 14 is a schematic diagram of an equivalent circuit structure of another charging circuit provided in the embodiment of the present disclosure;

fig. 15 is a schematic flow chart of a charging method provided by the embodiment of the disclosure;

01, a charging system; 10. a charging circuit; 20. a rechargeable battery; 30. an AC/DC adapter; 11. a first charging circuit; 110. a first energy storage unit; 111. a first switch unit; 12. a second charging circuit; 120. a second energy storage unit; 121. a second switching unit; c1, a first capacitance; c2, a second capacitor; c3, a third capacitance; c4, a fourth capacitance; c5, a fifth capacitance; c6, a sixth capacitor; q1, a first transistor; q2, a second transistor; q3, a third transistor; q4, a fourth transistor; q5, a fifth transistor; q6, a sixth transistor;

q7, a seventh transistor; q8, an eighth transistor; q9, ninth transistor; q10, tenth transistor; q11, an eleventh transistor; q12, a twelfth transistor; q13, thirteenth transistor; q14, fourteenth transistor; q15, a fifteenth transistor; q16, sixteenth transistor.

Detailed Description

In order that the above objects, features and advantages of the present disclosure may be more clearly understood, aspects of the present disclosure will be further described below. It should be noted that the embodiments and features of the embodiments of the present disclosure may be combined with each other without conflict.

In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present disclosure, but the present disclosure may be practiced in other ways than those described herein; it is to be understood that the embodiments disclosed in the specification are only a few embodiments of the present disclosure, and not all embodiments.

Based on the problems existing in the prior art, the embodiments of the present disclosure provide a charging system, including: a charging circuit and a rechargeable battery; the input end of the charging circuit is externally connected with an AC/DC adapter, and the output end of the charging circuit is electrically connected with a rechargeable battery; the charging circuit converts the charging voltage output by the alternating current-direct current adapter into the target voltage and then outputs the target voltage to the charging battery, wherein the target voltage is one fourth of the charging voltage, namely, the charging system provided by the embodiment of the disclosure realizes that the charging voltage output by the external alternating current-direct current adapter is converted into the target voltage one fourth of the charging voltage and then outputs the target voltage to the charging battery, and the heat loss on the corresponding charging circuit is smaller at the moment, so that the charging performance and the safety performance of the charging circuit are improved, and the problem of heating during high-power charging of the charging circuit can be better solved.

Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a charging system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure, and as shown in fig. 1, the charging system includes a charging circuit 10 and a rechargeable battery 20, an input end of the charging circuit 10 is externally connected to an ac/dc adapter 30, and an output end of the charging circuit 10 is electrically connected to the rechargeable battery 20; the charging circuit 10 converts the charging voltage output by the ac/dc adapter 30 into a target voltage, and outputs the target voltage to the rechargeable battery 20, where the target voltage is one-fourth of the charging voltage.

As shown in fig. 1, the charging system includes a charging circuit 10 and a rechargeable battery 20, the charging circuit 10 converts a charging voltage output by an ac/dc adapter 30 into a target voltage and outputs the target voltage to the rechargeable battery 20, the charging circuit 10 includes a charge pump circuit, an input end of the charging circuit 10 can directly receive high-voltage voltages, such as 20V and 30V, output by the ac/dc adapter 30, and correspond to the same input power, the higher a voltage value input by the charging circuit 10 is, the smaller a corresponding input current is, the smaller a heat loss on the corresponding charging circuit 10 at this time is, the charging performance and safety performance of the charging circuit are improved, and the problem of heat generation during high-power charging of the charging circuit can be better solved.

According to the charging system provided by the embodiment of the disclosure, the input end of the charging circuit is externally connected with the alternating current-direct current adapter, and the output end of the charging circuit is electrically connected with the rechargeable battery; the charging circuit converts the charging voltage output by the alternating current-direct current adapter into the target voltage and then outputs the target voltage to the charging battery, wherein the target voltage is one fourth of the charging voltage, namely, the charging system provided by the embodiment of the disclosure realizes that the charging voltage output by the external alternating current-direct current adapter is converted into the target voltage one fourth of the charging voltage and then outputs the target voltage to the charging battery, and the heat loss on the corresponding charging circuit is smaller at the moment, so that the charging performance and the safety performance of the charging circuit are improved, and the problem of heating during high-power charging of the charging circuit can be better solved.

Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a charging circuit provided in the embodiment of the present disclosure, as shown in fig. 2, the charging circuit 10 includes a first charging circuit 11, the first charging circuit 11 includes a first energy storage unit 110 and a first switching unit 111, the first energy storage unit 110 includes a first capacitor C1, a second capacitor C2 and a third capacitor C3, the first switching unit 111 includes a first transistor Q1, a second transistor Q2, a third transistor Q3, a fourth transistor Q4, a fifth transistor Q5, a sixth transistor Q6, a seventh transistor Q7 and an eighth transistor Q8; a first terminal of the first transistor Q1 is externally connected with the ac/dc adapter 30, a second terminal of the first transistor Q1 is electrically connected with a first terminal of the first capacitor C1 and a first terminal of the second transistor Q2, respectively, a second terminal of the second transistor Q2 is electrically connected with a first terminal of the second capacitor C2 and a first terminal of the third transistor Q3, respectively, a second terminal of the third transistor Q3 is electrically connected with a first terminal of the third capacitor C3 and a first terminal of the fourth transistor Q4, respectively, a second terminal of the fourth transistor Q4 is electrically connected with a first terminal of the fifth transistor Q5, a first terminal of the seventh transistor Q7 and the rechargeable battery 20, a second terminal of the fifth transistor Q5 is electrically connected with a second terminal of the second capacitor C2 and a first terminal of the sixth transistor Q6, a second terminal of the sixth transistor Q6 is grounded, respectively, a second terminal of the seventh transistor Q7 is electrically connected with a second terminal of the first capacitor C1, a second terminal of the third capacitor C6862, and a second terminal of the eighth transistor Q8, a second terminal of the eighth transistor Q8 is connected to ground.

As shown in fig. 2, the first charging circuit 11 included in the charging circuit in the embodiment of the present disclosure converts the charging voltage output by the ac/dc adapter 30 into a quarter of the charging voltage, and outputs the converted charging voltage to the rechargeable battery 20.

Because the ac/dc adapter 30 outputs the ac power to the first charging circuit 11, the working process of the first charging circuit 11 includes a first charging phase and a second charging phase, where the first charging phase is a first half working cycle of the first charging circuit, the second charging phase is a second half working cycle of the first charging circuit, the first half working cycle is a positive half cycle of the ac power output by the ac/dc adapter, and the second half working cycle is a negative half cycle of the ac power output by the ac/dc adapter. In the first charging phase, the first transistor Q1, the third transistor Q3, the sixth transistor Q6 and the seventh transistor Q7 are controlled to be turned on to output the target voltage to the rechargeable battery, and in the second charging phase, the second transistor Q2, the fourth transistor Q4, the fifth transistor Q5 and the eighth transistor Q8 are controlled to be turned on to output the target voltage to the rechargeable battery.

The first charging stage comprises a first sub-charging stage and a second sub-charging stage, and the second charging stage comprises a third sub-charging stage and a fourth sub-charging stage; in the first sub-charging phase, outputting a seventh control signal to control the first transistor Q1 and the seventh transistor Q7 to be turned on so as to output the target voltage to the rechargeable battery; in the second sub-charging phase, outputting an eighth control signal to control the third transistor Q3, the sixth transistor Q6 and the seventh transistor Q7 to be turned on so as to output the target voltage to the rechargeable battery; in the third sub-charging stage, outputting a ninth control signal to control the second transistor Q2, the fifth transistor Q5 and the eighth transistor Q8 to be turned on so as to output the target voltage to the rechargeable battery; in the fourth sub-charging phase, the tenth control signal is output to control the fourth transistor Q4 and the eighth transistor Q8 to be turned on to output the target voltage to the rechargeable battery.

Specifically, in the first sub-charging stage, the first transistor Q1 and the seventh transistor Q7 are turned on, the equivalent circuit diagram of the first charging circuit is as shown in fig. 3, the charging voltage output by the ac/dc adapter charges the first capacitor C1 and the rechargeable battery, that is, the voltage of the upper plate of the first capacitor C1 is the charging voltage, and since the voltage difference value between the upper plate and the lower plate of the first capacitor C1 is a charging voltage three times quarter times, the voltage of the lower plate of the first capacitor C1 is a charging voltage one time quarter times, that is, the voltage output by the first charging circuit to the rechargeable battery is a charging voltage one time quarter times. In the second sub-charging phase, the third transistor Q3, the sixth transistor Q6 and the seventh transistor Q7 are turned on, the equivalent circuit diagram of the first charging circuit is as shown in fig. 4, the second capacitor C2 discharges to charge the third capacitor C3 and the rechargeable battery, since the voltage difference between the upper plate and the lower plate of the second capacitor C2 is twice-quarter of the charging voltage, the voltage difference between the upper plate and the lower plate of the third capacitor C3 is twice-quarter of the charging voltage, and the lower plate of the second capacitor C2 is grounded, the voltage of the upper plate of the third capacitor C3 electrically connected to the upper plate of the second capacitor C2 is twice-quarter of the charging voltage, the voltage of the lower plate of the third capacitor C3 is twice-quarter of the charging voltage, and the voltage output by the first charging circuit to the rechargeable battery is twice-quarter of the charging voltage. In the third sub-charging stage, the second transistor Q2, the fifth transistor Q5 and the eighth transistor Q8 are turned on, the equivalent circuit diagram of the first charging circuit is as shown in fig. 5, the first capacitor C1 is discharged to charge the second capacitor C2 and the rechargeable battery, since the voltage difference between the upper plate and the lower plate of the first capacitor C1 is three times of a charging voltage, the voltage difference between the upper plate and the lower plate of the second capacitor C2 is two times of a charging voltage, and the lower plate of the first capacitor C1 is grounded, the voltage of the upper plate of the second capacitor C2 electrically connected to the upper plate of the first capacitor C1 is three times of a charging voltage, and at this time, the voltage of the lower plate of the second capacitor C2 is one time of a charging voltage, that is one time of a charging voltage output by the first charging circuit to the rechargeable battery. In the fourth sub-charging phase, the fourth transistor Q4 and the eighth transistor Q8 are turned on, the equivalent circuit diagram of the first charging circuit is as shown in fig. 6, the third capacitor C3 discharges to charge the rechargeable battery, since the voltage difference between the upper plate and the lower plate of the third capacitor C3 is a quarter of the charging voltage, the lower plate of the third capacitor C3 is grounded, and the voltage of the upper plate of the third capacitor C3 is a quarter of the charging voltage, that is, the voltage output by the first charging circuit to the rechargeable battery is a quarter of the charging voltage.

It should be noted that fig. 2 exemplarily shows a schematic structural diagram of a charging circuit, the charging circuit provided in fig. 2 is used to convert the charging voltage output by the ac/dc adapter 30 into a target voltage that is one-fourth of the charging voltage, in other possible embodiments, the charging circuit may also have another circuit structure, as shown in fig. 7, fig. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of another charging circuit provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure, and fig. 7 may also be used to convert the charging voltage output by the ac/dc adapter into a target voltage that is one-fourth of the charging voltage, as shown in fig. 7, the charging circuit includes: an eighth capacitor C8, a ninth capacitor C9, a tenth capacitor C10, an eleventh capacitor C11, a twelfth capacitor C12, a seventeenth transistor Q17, an eighteenth transistor Q18, a nineteenth transistor Q19, a twentieth transistor Q20, a twenty-first transistor Q21, a twentieth transistor Q22, a twenty-third transistor Q23, a twenty-fourth transistor Q24, a twenty-fifth transistor Q25, and a twenty-sixth transistor Q26; one end of an eighth capacitor C8 and a first end of a twenty-fifth transistor Q25 are both connected to the ac/dc adapter, the other end of the eighth capacitor C8 is grounded, the second end of a twenty-fifth transistor Q25 and the first end of a twenty-sixth transistor Q26 are connected to one end of a ninth capacitor C9, the other end of a ninth capacitor C9 is connected to the first ends of a seventeenth transistor Q17 and an eighteenth transistor Q18, the second end of a seventeenth transistor Q17 is grounded, the second ends of an eighteenth transistor Q18 and a nineteenth transistor Q19 are both connected to one end of a tenth capacitor C10, the other end of a tenth capacitor C10 is connected to the first ends of a twentieth transistor Q20 and a twenty-first transistor Q21, the second end of a twentieth transistor Q20 is grounded, the second ends of a twenty-first transistor Q21 and a twenty-second transistor Q22 are both connected to one end of an eleventh capacitor C11, and the eleventh end of an eleventh capacitor Q11 and the twenty-fourth transistor Q23 are connected to one end of a twentieth transistor Q24 and a fourth transistor Q3725 One end of the twenty-third transistor Q23 is connected, the second end of the twenty-sixth transistor Q26 is connected to ground, the second end of the seventeenth transistor Q17, the second end of the nineteenth transistor Q19, the second end of the twenty-second transistor Q22 and the second end of the twenty-fourth transistor Q24 are all electrically connected to the rechargeable battery.

In the capacitor series connection stage, the twenty-fifth transistor Q25, the eighteenth transistor Q18, the twenty-first transistor Q21 and the twenty-fourth transistor Q24 are turned on, and the twenty-sixth transistor Q26, the seventeenth transistor Q17, the nineteenth transistor Q19, the twenty-second transistor Q22 and the twenty-third transistor Q23 are turned off; in the stage of parallel connection of the capacitors, a twenty-sixth transistor Q26, a seventeenth transistor Q17, a nineteenth transistor Q19, a twentieth transistor Q22 and a twenty-third transistor Q23 are turned on, a twenty-fifth transistor Q25, an eighteenth transistor Q18, a twenty-first transistor Q21 and a twenty-fourth transistor Q24 are turned off, and the ninth capacitor C9, the tenth capacitor C10, the eleventh capacitor C11 and the twelfth capacitor C12 are connected in series and in parallel by controlling the on and off of the transistors, so that the input voltage of the charging circuit is 4 times of the output voltage, and the input current is 1/4 times of the output current. Specifically, the input voltage of the charging circuit is Vin, the input current is I, when the twenty-fifth transistor Q25, the eighteenth transistor Q18, the twenty-first transistor Q21 and the twenty-fourth transistor Q24 are turned on, and the twenty-sixth transistor Q26, the seventeenth transistor Q17, the nineteenth transistor Q19, the twenty-second transistor Q22 and the twenty-third transistor Q23 are turned off, the ninth capacitor C9, the tenth capacitor C10, the eleventh capacitor C11 and the twelfth capacitor C12 are connected in series, and at this time, the charging voltage output by the charging circuit to the charging battery is Vin/4. When the twenty-sixth transistor Q26, the seventeenth transistor Q17, the nineteenth transistor Q19, the twentieth transistor Q22 and the twenty-third transistor Q23 are turned on, and the twenty-fifth transistor Q25, the eighteenth transistor Q18, the twenty-first transistor Q21 and the twenty-fourth transistor Q24 are turned off, the ninth capacitor C9, the tenth capacitor C10, the eleventh capacitor C11 and the twelfth capacitor C12 are connected in parallel, at this time, the charging current output by the charging circuit to the rechargeable battery is 4I, the charging circuit realizes that the input voltage is 4 times of the output voltage, and the input current is 1/4 times of the output current.

Fig. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of a charging circuit provided in the embodiment of the present disclosure, and as shown in fig. 8, the charging circuit further includes a second charging circuit, the second charging circuit includes a second energy storage unit and a second switching unit, the second energy storage unit includes a fourth capacitor C4, a fifth capacitor C5 and a sixth capacitor C6, and the second switching unit includes a ninth transistor Q9, a tenth transistor Q10, an eleventh transistor Q11, a twelfth transistor Q12, a thirteenth transistor Q13, a fourteenth transistor Q14, a fifteenth transistor Q15 and a sixteenth transistor Q16; a first terminal of a ninth transistor Q9 is electrically connected to a first terminal of the first transistor Q1, a second terminal of the ninth transistor Q9 is electrically connected to a first terminal of a fourth capacitor C4 and a first terminal of a tenth transistor Q10, a second terminal of the tenth transistor Q10 is electrically connected to a first terminal of a fifth capacitor C5 and a first terminal of an eleventh transistor Q11, a second terminal of the eleventh transistor Q11 is electrically connected to a first terminal of a sixth capacitor C6 and a first terminal of a twelfth transistor Q12, a second terminal of the twelfth transistor Q12 is electrically connected to a first terminal of a thirteenth transistor Q13, a second terminal of the thirteenth transistor Q13 is electrically connected to a second terminal of a fifth capacitor C5 and a first terminal of a fourteenth transistor Q14, a second terminal of the fourteenth transistor Q14 is grounded, a first terminal of the fifteenth transistor Q15 is electrically connected to a second terminal of the fourth transistor Q9 and a rechargeable battery, and a second terminal of the fifteenth transistor Q2 is electrically connected to a second terminal of the fourth capacitor C8269556, A second terminal of the sixth capacitor C6 is electrically connected to a first terminal of a sixteenth transistor Q16, and a second terminal of the sixteenth transistor Q16 is grounded.

In the process of charging the rechargeable battery by the first charging circuit, for reducing the voltage ripple of the first charging circuit and the loop loss, the charging efficiency of the first charging circuit is improved, the rechargeable battery is charged by adopting the mode of combining the first charging circuit and the second charging circuit as shown in fig. 8, and the specific working process of the circuit is as follows:

specifically, in the process that the first charging circuit 11 controls the first transistor Q1, the third transistor Q3, the sixth transistor Q6, and the seventh transistor Q7 to be turned on in the first charging phase, the tenth transistor Q10, the twelfth transistor Q12, the thirteenth transistor Q13, and the sixteenth transistor Q16 are controlled to be turned on by outputting the control signal, that is, when the first charging circuit 11 operates in the first charging phase, the second charging circuit 12 is controlled to operate in the second charging phase, and when the first charging circuit 11 operates in the second charging phase, the second charging circuit 12 is controlled to operate in the first charging phase, so that the charging phase in which the second charging circuit 12 operates is ensured to be different from the charging phase in which the first charging circuit 11 operates, and further, the voltage ripple of the first charging circuit 11 is reduced, and the charging efficiency of the first charging circuit 11 is improved.

In the above embodiment, the circuit configuration of the second charging circuit 12 is completely the same as that of the first charging circuit 11, so that the conduction mode of the second charging circuit 12 in the first charging phase is the same as that of the first charging circuit 11 in the second charging phase, and the conduction mode of the second charging circuit 12 in the second charging phase is the same as that of the first charging circuit 11 in the first charging phase. Furthermore, since the first charging phase of the first charging circuit 11 includes the first sub-charging phase and the second sub-charging phase, and the second charging phase of the first charging circuit 11 includes the third sub-charging phase and the fourth sub-charging phase, the second charging circuit 12 also includes the first sub-charging phase and the second sub-charging phase in the first charging phase, and the second charging circuit 12 also includes the third sub-charging phase and the fourth sub-charging phase in the second charging phase.

As an implementation, optionally, the difference between the upper plate and the lower plate of the first capacitor C1 is three times the charging voltage, the difference between the upper plate and the lower plate of the second capacitor C2 is two times the charging voltage, and the difference between the upper plate and the lower plate of the third capacitor C3 is one time the charging voltage.

In a specific embodiment, the charging circuit converts the charging voltage output by the AC/DC adapter into a target voltage and outputs the target voltage to the rechargeable battery, and further comprises a pre-charging stage, wherein the pre-charging stage comprises a first pre-charging stage, a second pre-charging stage and a third pre-charging stage, in the pre-charging stage, the energy storage unit in the charging circuit is charged to a preset voltage by using the reverse charging function of the charging circuit, namely, the first capacitor C1, the second capacitor C2 and the third capacitor C3 are charged to a preset voltage, so as to avoid the occurrence of high overshoot current in the charging stage due to the voltage difference, and ensures that when the charging circuit is in the charging phase, the first capacitor C1, the second capacitor C2 and the third capacitor C3 can be discharged as the power source, thereby ensuring that the voltage output to the rechargeable battery by the charging circuit in the charging stage is one quarter of the charging voltage.

The pre-charging stage comprises a first pre-charging stage, a second pre-charging stage and a third pre-charging stage, wherein in the first pre-charging stage, the conducting state of the switch unit is controlled, and the first capacitor C1, the second capacitor C2 and the third capacitor C3 are charged to a first preset voltage; in a second pre-charging stage, the conducting state of the switch unit is controlled, and the first capacitor C1 and the second capacitor C2 are charged to a second preset voltage; in a third pre-charge phase, the conducting state of the switch unit is controlled to charge the first capacitor C1 to a third preset voltage, wherein the first preset voltage is a quarter of the charging voltage, the second preset voltage is a quarter of the charging voltage, and the third preset voltage is a quarter of the charging voltage.

The specific operation principle of the charging circuit during the first pre-charge phase, the second pre-charge phase and the third pre-charge phase will be illustrated by the specific embodiments, wherein the first pre-charge phase includes a first sub-pre-charge phase, a second sub-pre-charge phase and a third sub-pre-charge phase, the second pre-charge phase includes a fourth sub-pre-charge phase and a fifth sub-pre-charge phase, and the third pre-charge phase includes a sixth sub-pre-charge phase.

In the first sub-precharge stage, a first control signal is output to control the second transistor Q2, the third transistor Q3, the fourth transistor Q4 and the eighth transistor Q8 to be turned on, so that the rechargeable battery is discharged, and the first capacitor C1 is charged to a first preset voltage; in the second sub-precharge stage, the second control signal is output to control the third transistor Q3, the fourth transistor Q4 and the sixth transistor Q6 to be turned on, so that the rechargeable battery is discharged, and the second capacitor C2 is charged to the first preset voltage; in the third sub-precharge phase, the fourth transistor Q4 and the eighth transistor Q8 are controlled to be turned on by outputting a third control signal, so that the rechargeable battery is discharged, and the third capacitor C3 is charged to the first preset voltage.

Specifically, in the first sub-precharge stage, the second transistor Q2, the third transistor Q3, the fourth transistor Q4 and the eighth transistor Q8 are controlled to be turned on by outputting a control signal, and an equivalent circuit structure diagram of the charging circuit is shown in fig. 9, at this time, the rechargeable battery is discharged to charge the first capacitor C1, since the rechargeable battery can receive a charging voltage that is one-fourth of the charging voltage, the rechargeable battery is discharged to charge the first capacitor C1 with the one-fourth of the charging voltage, at this time, the voltage of the upper plate of the first capacitor C1 is one-fourth of the charging voltage, the voltage of the lower plate of the first capacitor C1 is zero, and the voltage difference between the upper plate and the lower plate of the first capacitor C1 is one-fourth of the charging voltage. In the second sub-precharge phase, the third transistor Q3, the fourth transistor Q4 and the sixth transistor Q6 are controlled to be turned on by outputting a control signal, and an equivalent circuit structure diagram of the charging circuit is shown in fig. 10, at this time, the rechargeable battery is discharged to charge the second capacitor C2, since the charging voltage that the rechargeable battery can receive is a quarter of the charging voltage, the rechargeable battery is discharged to charge the second capacitor C2 with the quarter of the charging voltage, at this time, the voltage of the upper plate of the second capacitor C2 is a quarter of the charging voltage, the voltage of the lower plate of the first capacitor C1 is zero, and the voltage difference value between the upper plate and the lower plate of the first capacitor C1 is a quarter of the charging voltage. In the third sub-precharge phase, the fourth transistor Q4 and the eighth transistor Q8 are controlled to be turned on by outputting a control signal, and an equivalent circuit structure diagram of the charging circuit is shown in fig. 11, at this time, the rechargeable battery discharges to charge the third capacitor C3, since the charging voltage that the rechargeable battery can receive is a quarter of the charging voltage, the rechargeable battery discharges to charge the third capacitor C3 with the quarter of the charging voltage, at this time, the voltage of the upper plate of the third capacitor C3 is a quarter of the charging voltage, the voltage of the lower plate of the third capacitor C3 is zero, and the voltage difference value between the upper plate and the lower plate of the third capacitor C3 is a quarter of the charging voltage.

In the fourth sub-precharge stage, a fourth control signal is output to control the second transistor Q2, the third transistor Q3, the seventh transistor Q7 and the eighth transistor Q8 to be turned on, so that the rechargeable battery is discharged, and the first capacitor C1 is charged to a second preset voltage; in the fifth sub-precharge phase, the fifth control signal is output to control the third transistor Q3, the sixth transistor Q6 and the seventh transistor Q7 to be turned on, so that the rechargeable battery is discharged, and the second capacitor C2 is charged to the second preset voltage.

In the fourth sub-precharge stage, the second transistor Q2, the third transistor Q3, the seventh transistor Q7 and the eighth transistor Q8 are controlled to be turned on by outputting a control signal, and an equivalent circuit structure diagram of the charging circuit is shown in fig. 12, at this time, the rechargeable battery is discharged, since the charging voltage that the rechargeable battery can receive is a quarter of the charging voltage, the rechargeable battery is discharged with a quarter of the charging voltage, at this time, since the voltage difference value between the upper plate and the lower plate of the third capacitor C3 is a quarter of the charging voltage, the voltage of the upper plate of the first capacitor C1 is a quarter of the charging voltage, the voltage of the lower plate of the second capacitor C2 is zero, and the voltage difference value between the upper plate and the lower plate of the first capacitor C1 is a quarter of the charging voltage. In the fifth sub-precharge phase, the third transistor Q3, the sixth transistor Q6 and the seventh transistor Q7 are controlled to be turned on by outputting a control signal, and an equivalent circuit structure diagram of the charging circuit is shown in fig. 13, at this time, the rechargeable battery is discharged, since the charging voltage that the rechargeable battery can receive is a quarter of the charging voltage, the rechargeable battery is discharged with a quarter of the charging voltage, at this time, since the voltage difference value between the upper plate and the lower plate of the third capacitor C3 is a quarter of the charging voltage, the voltage of the upper plate of the second capacitor C2 is a quarter of the charging voltage, the voltage of the lower plate of the second capacitor C2 is zero, and the voltage difference value between the upper plate and the lower plate of the second capacitor C2 is a quarter of the charging voltage.

In the sixth sub-precharge phase, the sixth control signal is output to control the second transistor Q2, the fifth transistor Q5 and the eighth transistor Q8 to be turned on, so that the rechargeable battery is discharged, and the first capacitor C1 is charged to the third preset voltage.

In the sixth sub-precharge stage, the second transistor Q2, the fifth transistor Q5 and the eighth transistor Q8 are controlled to be turned on by outputting a control signal, and an equivalent circuit structure diagram of the charging circuit is shown in fig. 14, at this time, the rechargeable battery is discharged, since the charging voltage that the rechargeable battery can receive is a quarter of the charging voltage, the rechargeable battery is discharged with a quarter of the charging voltage, at this time, since the voltage difference value between the upper plate and the lower plate of the second capacitor C2 is a quarter of the charging voltage, the voltage of the upper plate of the first capacitor C1 is a quarter of the charging voltage, the voltage of the lower plate of the first capacitor C1 is zero, and the voltage difference value between the upper plate and the lower plate of the first capacitor C1 is a quarter of the charging voltage.

It should be noted that, the above embodiment exemplarily shows that the charging circuit is directly externally connected to the ac/dc adapter, in other possible implementations, a Buck voltage reducing circuit, a half-time charge pump circuit, and a third-time charge pump circuit may be added between the charging circuit and the ac/dc adapter, or the charging circuit is connected in parallel with the half-time charge pump circuit, the third-time charge pump circuit, and the Buck voltage reducing circuit and is connected between the ac/dc adapter and the rechargeable battery, which is not limited in the embodiments of the present disclosure.

Fig. 15 is a schematic flow chart of a charging method provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure, where on the basis of the foregoing embodiment, as shown in fig. 15, the charging method includes:

s100, in the pre-charging stage, the conduction state of the switch unit is controlled, and the energy storage unit is charged to a preset voltage.

The charging circuit converts the charging voltage output by the AC/DC adapter into a target voltage and then outputs the target voltage to the rechargeable battery, and the charging circuit is a pre-charging stage, wherein the pre-charging stage comprises a first pre-charging stage, a second pre-charging stage and a third pre-charging stage.

Wherein the pre-charge phase comprises a first pre-charge phase, a second pre-charge phase and a third pre-charge phase.

In a first pre-charging stage, controlling the conducting state of the switch unit, and charging the first capacitor, the second capacitor and the third capacitor to a first preset voltage; in a second pre-charging stage, the conducting state of the switch unit is controlled, and the first capacitor and the second capacitor are charged to a second preset voltage; in a third pre-charging stage, controlling the conducting state of the switch unit and charging the first capacitor to a third preset voltage; the first preset voltage is a quarter of the charging voltage, the second preset voltage is a quarter of the charging voltage, and the third preset voltage is a quarter of the charging voltage.

Specifically, the first precharge phase includes a first sub-precharge phase, a second sub-precharge phase and a third sub-precharge phase, the second precharge phase includes a fourth sub-precharge phase and a fifth sub-precharge phase, and the third precharge phase includes a sixth sub-precharge phase.

In the first sub-precharge stage, a first control signal is output to control the second transistor, the third transistor, the fourth transistor and the eighth transistor to be conducted, so that the rechargeable battery is discharged, and the first capacitor is charged to a first preset voltage.

In the second sub-precharge stage, a second control signal is output to control the third transistor, the fourth transistor and the sixth transistor to be conducted, so that the rechargeable battery is discharged, and the second capacitor is charged to the first preset voltage.

In the third sub-precharge stage, a third control signal is output to control the fourth transistor and the eighth transistor to be turned on, so that the rechargeable battery is discharged, and the third capacitor is charged to the first preset voltage.

In the fourth sub-precharge stage, a fourth control signal is output to control the second transistor, the third transistor, the seventh transistor and the eighth transistor to be turned on, so that the rechargeable battery is discharged, and the first capacitor is charged to a second preset voltage.

In the fifth sub-precharge stage, a fifth control signal is output to control the third transistor, the sixth transistor and the seventh transistor to be turned on, so that the rechargeable battery is discharged, and the second capacitor is charged to a second preset voltage.

In the sixth sub-precharge stage, a sixth control signal is output to control the conduction of the second transistor, the fifth transistor and the eighth transistor, so that the rechargeable battery is discharged, and the first capacitor is charged to a third preset voltage.

S200, in the charging stage, the conducting state of the switch unit is controlled so as to output the target voltage to the rechargeable battery.

After the pre-charging stage is finished, the charging circuit charges the rechargeable battery, and the charging voltage output by the alternating current-direct current adapter is converted into a target voltage and then output to the rechargeable battery by controlling the conduction state of a switch unit in the charging circuit, wherein the target voltage is one quarter of the charging voltage.

Wherein the electrical phase comprises a first charging phase and a second charging phase;

and in the first charging stage, the first transistor, the third transistor, the sixth transistor and the seventh transistor are controlled to be conducted so as to output the target voltage to the rechargeable battery. Specifically, the first charging stage includes a first sub-charging stage and a second sub-charging stage, and in the first sub-charging stage, the seventh control signal is output to control the first transistor and the seventh transistor to be turned on so as to output the target voltage to the rechargeable battery; in the second sub-charging stage, the eighth control signal is output to control the third transistor, the sixth transistor and the seventh transistor to be turned on so as to output the target voltage to the rechargeable battery.

And in the second charging stage, the second transistor, the fourth transistor, the fifth transistor and the eighth transistor are controlled to be conducted so as to output the target voltage to the rechargeable battery. Specifically, the second charging stage includes a third sub-charging stage and a fourth sub-charging stage, and in the third sub-charging stage, the ninth control signal is output to control the second transistor, the fifth transistor and the eighth transistor to be turned on so as to output the target voltage to the rechargeable battery; in the fourth sub-charging stage, a tenth control signal is output to control the fourth transistor and the eighth transistor to be conducted so as to output the target voltage to the rechargeable battery.

The charging method provided by the embodiment of the disclosure includes firstly controlling the conduction state of the switch unit in a pre-charging stage to charge the energy storage unit to a preset voltage, and then controlling the conduction state of the switch unit in a charging stage to output a target voltage to the rechargeable battery, so that the charging voltage output by the external AC/DC adapter is converted into the target voltage which is one quarter of the charging voltage and then is output to the rechargeable battery, and at the moment, the heat loss on the corresponding charging circuit is smaller, so that the charging performance and the safety performance of the charging circuit are improved, and the problem of charging heating of the charging circuit during high-power charging can be better solved.

Optionally, an embodiment of the present disclosure further provides a terminal device, where the terminal device includes the charging system described in any embodiment, or performs charging by using the charging method described in any embodiment, and the terminal device has the beneficial effects in any embodiment.

It is noted that, in this document, relational terms such as "first" and "second," and the like, may be used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions. Also, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising an … …" does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises the element.

The foregoing are merely exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure, which enable those skilled in the art to understand or practice the present disclosure. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the disclosure. Thus, the present disclosure is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

1. An electrical charging system, comprising: a charging circuit and a rechargeable battery;

the input end of the charging circuit is externally connected with an AC/DC adapter, and the output end of the charging circuit is electrically connected with the rechargeable battery;

2. The system of claim 1, wherein the charging circuit comprises a first charging circuit comprising a first energy storage unit comprising a first capacitor, a second capacitor, and a third capacitor, and a first switching unit comprising a first transistor, a second transistor, a third transistor, a fourth transistor, a fifth transistor, a sixth transistor, a seventh transistor, and an eighth transistor;

3. The system of claim 2, wherein the charging circuit further comprises a second charging circuit, wherein the second charging circuit comprises a second energy storage unit and a second switching unit, wherein the second energy storage unit comprises a fourth capacitor, a fifth capacitor and a sixth capacitor, and the second switching unit comprises a ninth transistor, a tenth transistor, an eleventh transistor, a twelfth transistor, a thirteenth transistor, a fourteenth transistor, a fifteenth transistor and a sixteenth transistor;

4. The system of claim 2, wherein the difference between the upper and lower plates of the first capacitor is three-quarters of the charging voltage, the difference between the upper and lower plates of the second capacitor is two-quarters of the charging voltage, and the difference between the upper and lower plates of the third capacitor is one-quarter of the charging voltage.

5. A charging method applied to the charging system according to any one of claims 1 to 4, comprising:

6. The method of claim 5, wherein the pre-charge phase comprises a first pre-charge phase, a second pre-charge phase, and a third pre-charge phase;

7. The method of claim 6, wherein the first pre-charge phase comprises a first sub-pre-charge phase, a second sub-pre-charge phase and a third sub-pre-charge phase, wherein the second pre-charge phase comprises a fourth sub-pre-charge phase and a fifth sub-pre-charge phase, and wherein the third pre-charge phase comprises a sixth sub-pre-charge phase;

in the second pre-charge stage, controlling a conducting state of the switch unit to charge the first capacitor and the second capacitor to a second preset voltage, including:

8. The method of claim 5, wherein the charging phase comprises a first charging phase and a second charging phase;

9. The method of claim 8, wherein the first charging phase comprises a first sub-charging phase and a second sub-charging phase, the second charging phase comprising a third sub-charging phase and a fourth sub-charging phase;

10. A terminal device, characterized in that the terminal device comprises the charging system of any one of claims 1-4 or is charged by the charging method of any one of claims 5-9.