CN114838651A - Bolt looseness monitoring device based on friction nanometer generator principle - Google Patents
Bolt looseness monitoring device based on friction nanometer generator principle Download PDFInfo
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- CN114838651A CN114838651A CN202210397953.0A CN202210397953A CN114838651A CN 114838651 A CN114838651 A CN 114838651A CN 202210397953 A CN202210397953 A CN 202210397953A CN 114838651 A CN114838651 A CN 114838651A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B7/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of electric or magnetic techniques
- G01B7/02—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of electric or magnetic techniques for measuring length, width or thickness
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B7/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of electric or magnetic techniques
- G01B7/003—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of electric or magnetic techniques for measuring position, not involving coordinate determination
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02N—ELECTRIC MACHINES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H02N1/00—Electrostatic generators or motors using a solid moving electrostatic charge carrier
- H02N1/04—Friction generators
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/70—Wind energy
- Y02E10/72—Wind turbines with rotation axis in wind direction
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Testing Of Devices, Machine Parts, Or Other Structures Thereof (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a bolt looseness monitoring device based on a friction nano generator principle, which comprises a connected piece, a first insulating layer, a copper strip, a friction nano generator, a tested bolt, a copper film, a lead, a data collector and a second insulating layer, wherein the first insulating layer is arranged on the upper surface of the connected piece; a first insulating layer is laid on the surface of the connected piece, and a copper strip is mounted on the first insulating layer; the tested bolt is screwed on the connected piece, the upper surface of the tested bolt is paved with a second insulating layer, and a copper film is adhered on the second insulating layer; the friction nanometer generator is arranged on the surfaces of the tested bolt and the connected piece; the electric signal generated by the friction nanometer generator is connected to the data acquisition unit through the copper strip and the copper film through the lead. When the bolt to be detected is loosened, the positive friction layer and the negative friction layer of the friction nano generator are separated to generate an electric signal, the data of the data acquisition unit is read, and the loosening condition of the bolt can be monitored.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of fault monitoring, and particularly relates to a bolt looseness monitoring device based on a friction nanometer generator principle.
Background
The bolt connection has the advantages of convenient disassembly, simple structure, good connection performance and the like, thereby being widely applied to the connection of mechanical structures. When the bolt connection is subjected to cyclic dynamic load, the phenomenon of loosening and failure often occurs, so that the connection performance is reduced, and even major accidents are caused.
The early displacement of bolt looseness is often tiny, and contact interface neither is convenient to use the contactless mode such as electric eddy current, laser, also is not suitable for installation sensor to carry out displacement measurement between the contact interface, uses methods such as scanning probe microscopy, electric capacity method and grating interferometry wider at present, has the problem such as needs complicated instrument or measuring mode complicacy. Because the friction nano generator (TENG) can generate electric charge and generate electric charge flow through the contact friction of two different materials, mechanical energy is converted into electric energy, and electric signals (voltage and current) output by the mechanical energy can be used for analyzing corresponding mechanical input signals, the self-driven sensor based on the friction nano generator is arranged at the joint of bolt connection, so that the loosening condition of the bolt can be conveniently and directly observed.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the present invention provides a bolt loosening monitoring device based on the principle of a friction nano-generator, which can convert mechanical energy generated by relative motion between a bolt and a connected member into an electrical signal for output, so as to observe the loosening condition of the bolt.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme: a bolt looseness monitoring device based on a friction nanometer generator principle comprises a connected piece, a first insulating layer, a copper strip, a friction nanometer generator, a tested bolt, a copper film, a data collector and a second insulating layer;
the friction nano generator is arranged on the side surface of the tested bolt and the upper surface of the connected piece and is used for generating an electric signal under the driving of the tested bolt;
the data collector is used for collecting the electric signals generated by the friction nano generator.
As a preference: the friction nano generator comprises a first substrate, a first conducting layer, a negative friction layer, a positive friction layer, a second conducting layer and a second substrate;
the first substrate and the second substrate are oppositely arranged along the rotation direction of the tested bolt, the first substrate is fixedly connected to the first insulating layer, the second substrate is fixedly connected to the side face of the nut of the tested bolt, the bottom of the second substrate is slightly higher than the first insulating layer, and when the tested bolt is loosened, the second substrate rotates along with the tested bolt so as to be far away from the first substrate;
sequentially laying the first conducting layer and the negative friction layer on the first substrate, and sequentially laying the second conducting layer and the positive friction layer on the second substrate;
the positive friction layer is tightly attached to the negative friction layer, and when the tested bolt is loosened, the positive friction layer and the negative friction layer are relatively separated to generate an electric signal;
the first substrate and the second substrate are made of insulating materials;
the positive friction layer is made of a volatile electronic material;
the negative friction layer is made of an easily available electronic material;
the first conducting layer is connected with a data acquisition unit through a copper strip and a lead;
the second conducting layer is connected with the copper film through a wire and then connected with the data collector through a wire.
As a preference: the first substrate and the second substrate are both made of acrylic plates;
the first conducting layer and the second conducting layer are both metal layers;
the material of the positive friction layer comprises at least one of polyamide, polyformaldehyde and polyurethane;
the material of the negative friction layer comprises at least one of polytetrafluoroethylene, polydimethylsiloxane, polyimide and polyethylene terephthalate.
As a preference: the surface of the positive friction layer and the surface of the negative friction layer are both etched with nano structures, so that the strength of the friction electrification effect of the friction nano generator can be enhanced.
As a preference: the first insulating layer is tightly attached to the upper surface of the connected piece, and the second insulating layer is tightly attached to the upper surface of the tested bolt;
the copper strip is laid on the first insulating layer and connected with the first conducting layer of each friction nano generator;
the copper film is laid on the second insulating layer and connected with the second conducting layer of each friction nano generator through a lead;
the data collector is connected with the copper film and the copper strip through wires, so that the friction nano generator is electrically connected with the data collector.
As a preference: the first insulating layer is one of low-density polyethylene, polytetrafluoroethylene or polypropylene, and the second insulating layer is one of low-density polyethylene, polytetrafluoroethylene or polypropylene.
Has the advantages that:
in the invention, the friction nanometer generator with small volume is fixed on the side surface of the bolt and the nut to be measured and the connected piece in a sticking way, and the relative movement between the bolt and the nut to be measured can be directly measured. The friction nano generator adopts the acrylic plate as the substrate, so that the price is low and the materials are easy to obtain; the nano structure is etched on the surface of the positive and negative friction layers of the friction nano generator, so that the strength of the friction electrification effect can be enhanced, and the sensitivity and the precision of the device are improved;
the whole monitoring device is simple in structure, convenient to operate and suitable for monitoring loosening of fastening parts such as bolts and screws.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the overall structure of the bolt looseness monitoring device of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is an enlarged view of the direction A in FIG. 1;
fig. 3 is an enlarged partial cross-sectional view of B-B in fig. 1.
In the figure: 1-a connected piece; 2-a first insulating layer; 3-copper strips; 4-friction nano-generator; 5-a tested bolt; 6-copper film; 7-a wire; 8-a data acquisition unit; 9-a second insulating layer; 10-a first substrate; 11-a first conductive layer; 12-a negative friction layer; 13-positive friction layer; 14-a second conductive layer; 15-second substrate.
Detailed Description
For a better understanding of the objects and advantages of the present invention, reference should be made to the following detailed description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and examples.
Example (b):
as shown in fig. 1 to fig. 3, the present embodiment discloses a bolt looseness monitoring device based on the principle of a friction nano generator, which includes a connected piece 1, a first insulating layer 2, a copper strip 3, a friction nano generator 4, a tested bolt 5, a copper film 6, a wire 7, a data collector 8 and a second insulating layer 9;
as shown in fig. 1, the bolt 5 to be measured is screwed on the connected piece 1;
laying a first insulating layer 2 on the connected piece 1, and laying a copper strip 3 on the first insulating layer 2;
laying a second insulating layer 9 on the tested bolt 5, and laying a copper film 6 on the second insulating layer 9;
electric signals of the copper film 6 and the copper strip 3 are led into a data acquisition unit 8 through a lead 7;
as shown in fig. 2, the friction nano-generator 4 includes a first substrate 10, a first conductive layer 11, a negative friction layer 12, a positive friction layer 13, a second conductive layer 14, and a second substrate 15;
the first substrate 10 and the second substrate 15 are oppositely arranged along the rotation direction of the tested bolt, the first substrate 10 is fixedly connected to the first insulating layer 2, the second substrate 15 is fixedly connected to the side face of the nut of the tested bolt 5, meanwhile, the bottom of the second substrate 15 is slightly higher than the first insulating layer 2 and is not in contact with the first insulating layer 2, so that frictional resistance is avoided, and when the tested bolt 5 is loosened, the second substrate 15 can be far away from the first substrate 10 along with the rotation of the tested bolt 5;
a first conductive layer 11 and a negative friction layer 12 are sequentially laid on a first substrate 10, and a second conductive layer 14 and a positive friction layer 13 are sequentially laid on a second substrate 15;
the positive friction layer 13 is tightly attached to the negative friction layer 12;
the first conducting layer 11 of each friction nano generator is directly connected with the copper strip 3, and the second conducting layer 14 of each friction nano generator is connected with the copper film 6 through a lead 7;
regarding the materials of each component of the friction nano-generator 4, the substrates 10 and 15 are the basis of the friction nano-generator 4 and mainly play a role in supporting other components of the friction nano-generator 4, and the substrates 10 and 15 should be insulated, for example, the two substrates can be made of acrylic plates with low price, good insulation and wide sources;
the main function of the conductive layers 11, 14 is to conduct electricity, so the material can be selected from aluminum, copper or other metal materials with good conductivity;
the main function of the positive friction layer 13 and the negative friction layer 12 is to generate electricity by friction, so the positive friction layer 13 is made of volatile electronic materials such as polyamide, polyformaldehyde, polyurethane and the like, for example: one of the materials can be selected for preparation, two of the materials can be selected for preparation at the same time, and three of the materials can be selected for preparation at the same time; the negative friction layer 12 is made of readily available electronic materials such as polytetrafluoroethylene, polydimethylsiloxane, polyimide, polyethylene glycol terephthalate and the like, can be made of one material, or can be made of two, three or four materials, and nanostructures can be etched on the surfaces of the positive friction layer 13 and the negative friction layer 12, so that the strength of the friction electrification effect of the friction nano-generator 4 is improved, and the sensitivity of the monitoring device is enhanced;
when the tested bolt 5 is loosened, the positive friction layer 13 is far away from the negative friction layer 12 to generate an electric signal, the electric signal is transmitted to the data acquisition unit 8 through the copper strip 3, the copper film 6 and the lead 7, and the loosening condition of the tested bolt 5 can be obtained after the acquired signal is analyzed;
the magnitude of the electric signal measured by the monitoring device of the invention is related to the magnitude of the displacement of the relative separation between the positive friction layer and the negative friction layer of the nano friction generator 4, and the larger the displacement is, the larger the measured electric signal is correspondingly. Taking voltage as an example, the relationship between voltage and relative separation displacement is shown in formula (1):
wherein: v is the voltage measured by the data collector, x is the separation value between the positive and negative friction layers, Q is the amount of charge transferred between the positive and negative friction layers, S is the area of the positive and negative friction layers, ε 0 σ is the charge density on the positive and negative friction layers, d is the relative dielectric constant of air 0 The effective thickness of the positive and negative friction layers.
When the monitoring device is used, when the tested bolt 5 is not loosened, the positive friction layer 13 and the negative friction layer 12 of the friction nano generator 4 are tightly attached, and no electric signal is output; when the tested bolt 5 is loosened, the negative friction layer 12 is fixed on the connected piece 1 and does not move, the tested bolt 5 rotates anticlockwise, the positive friction layer 13 rotates along with the tested bolt 5 so as to be far away from the negative friction layer 12, the positive friction layer 13 and the negative friction layer 12 are separated relatively, and the friction nano-generator 4 generates an electric signal. The more the number of the nano friction generators is, the larger the measured electric signal is, and the higher the sensitivity of the monitoring device is. The data of the data acquisition unit 8 is read, so that the loosening condition of the tested bolt 5 can be monitored, and the displacement of the separation of the positive friction layer and the negative friction layer can be calculated according to the formula (1), so that the loosening displacement of the tested bolt 5 can be obtained.
The present invention is not intended to be limited to the particular embodiments shown and described, but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features herein disclosed. Other structures and principles are the same as those of the prior art, and are not described in detail herein.
Claims (7)
1. The utility model provides a bolt monitoring devices that becomes flexible based on friction nanometer generator principle which characterized in that: the device comprises a connected piece (1), a first insulating layer (2), a copper strip (3), a friction nano generator (4), a tested bolt (5), a copper film (6), a data collector (8) and a second insulating layer (9);
the friction nanometer generator (4) is arranged on the side surface of the tested bolt (5) and the upper surface of the connected piece (1) and is used for generating an electric signal under the driving of the tested bolt (5);
the data collector (8) is used for collecting the electric signals generated by the friction nano-generator (4).
2. The bolt loosening monitoring device of claim 1, wherein: the friction nano generator (4) comprises a first substrate (10), a first conducting layer (11), a negative friction layer (12), a positive friction layer (13), a second conducting layer (14) and a second substrate (15);
the first substrate (10) and the second substrate (15) are oppositely arranged along the rotation direction of the tested bolt (5), the first substrate (10) is fixedly connected to the first insulating layer (2), the second substrate (15) is fixedly connected to the side face of the nut of the tested bolt (5), the bottom of the second substrate is slightly higher than that of the first insulating layer (2), and when the tested bolt (5) is loosened, the second substrate (15) can rotate along with the tested bolt (5) so as to be far away from the first substrate (10);
-laying in sequence on said first substrate (10) said first conductive layer (11) and said negative friction layer (12), and laying in sequence on said second substrate (15) said second conductive layer (14) and said positive friction layer (13);
the positive friction layer (13) is tightly attached to the negative friction layer (12), and when the tested bolt (5) is loosened, the positive friction layer and the negative friction layer are relatively separated to generate an electric signal;
the first substrate (10) and the second substrate (15) are made of insulating materials;
the positive friction layer (13) is made of volatile electronic material;
the negative friction layer (12) is made of an easily available electronic material;
the first conducting layer (11) is connected with the data collector (8) through the copper strip (3) and the lead (7);
the second conducting layer (14) is connected with the copper film (6) through a conducting wire (7) and then connected with the data collector (8) through the conducting wire (7).
3. The bolt loosening monitoring device of claim 2, wherein: the first substrate (10) and the second substrate (15) are both made of acrylic plates;
the first conducting layer (11) and the second conducting layer (14) are both metal layers;
the material of the positive friction layer (13) comprises at least one of polyamide, polyformaldehyde and polyurethane;
the material of the negative friction layer (12) comprises at least one of polytetrafluoroethylene, polydimethylsiloxane, polyimide and polyethylene terephthalate.
4. A bolt loosening monitoring device as claimed in claim 2 or 3, wherein: the surfaces of the positive friction layer (13) and the negative friction layer (12) are both etched with nano structures, so that the strength of the friction electrification effect of the friction nano generator (4) can be enhanced.
5. The bolt loosening monitoring device of claim 1, wherein: the first insulating layer (2) is tightly attached to the upper surface of the connected piece (1), and the second insulating layer (9) is tightly attached to the upper surface of the tested bolt (5);
the copper strips (3) are laid on the first insulating layer (2) and connected with the first conducting layers (11) of the friction nano-generators (4);
the copper film (6) is laid on the second insulating layer (9) and is connected with the second conducting layer (14) of each friction nano generator (4) through a lead (7);
the data collector (8) is connected with the copper film (6) and the copper strip (3) through a lead (7), so that the friction nano-generator (4) is electrically connected with the data collector (8).
6. Bolt loosening monitoring device according to claim 5, wherein: the first insulating layer (2) is one of low-density polyethylene, polytetrafluoroethylene or polypropylene, and the second insulating layer (9) is one of low-density polyethylene, polytetrafluoroethylene or polypropylene.
7. The bolt loosening monitoring device of claim 1, wherein: the more nano friction generators that are used, the greater the electrical signal that is measured and the greater the sensitivity of the monitoring device.
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| CN2022103572897 | 2022-04-02 | ||
| CN202210357289 | 2022-04-02 |
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