CN114831215A - Preparation method of corn and soybean mixed silage, prepared feed and application - Google Patents
Preparation method of corn and soybean mixed silage, prepared feed and application Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
- A23K10/37—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms from waste material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/10—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes
- A23K10/12—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes by fermentation of natural products, e.g. of vegetable material, animal waste material or biomass
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/163—Sugars; Polysaccharides
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/20—Inorganic substances, e.g. oligoelements
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- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/20—Inorganic substances, e.g. oligoelements
- A23K20/30—Oligoelements
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
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- A23K30/00—Processes specially adapted for preservation of materials in order to produce animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K30/10—Processes specially adapted for preservation of materials in order to produce animal feeding-stuffs of green fodder
- A23K30/15—Processes specially adapted for preservation of materials in order to produce animal feeding-stuffs of green fodder using chemicals or microorganisms for ensilaging
- A23K30/18—Processes specially adapted for preservation of materials in order to produce animal feeding-stuffs of green fodder using chemicals or microorganisms for ensilaging using microorganisms or enzymes
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/80—Food processing, e.g. use of renewable energies or variable speed drives in handling, conveying or stacking
- Y02P60/87—Re-use of by-products of food processing for fodder production
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of fermented feed, and particularly relates to a preparation method of corn and soybean mixed silage, which comprises the steps of harvesting and separating straws of corn and soybean, cutting into pieces after airing, and mixing to obtain the silage; then crushing and sieving the corn and the soybean, and uniformly mixing to obtain the concentrated feed; then preparing fermentation liquor; adding cellulose decomposing bacteria into the green feed to decompose the cellulose decomposing bacteria, then transferring the green feed into a silage pool under slow stirring, adding a layer of concentrated feed every time one layer of green feed is laid, uniformly spraying fermentation liquor, compacting, sealing and fermenting to finally obtain the corn and soybean mixed silage; the invention also provides the feed prepared by the method and application thereof. The invention obviously improves the fermentation efficiency and reduces the waste of resources; on the basis of ensuring the balanced nutrition of the feed, the mouthfeel is improved, so that the feed intake and the absorption rate are improved, and the slaughtering time of the livestock is effectively shortened.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of fermented feeds, and particularly relates to a preparation method of a corn and soybean mixed silage feed, the prepared feed and application.
Background
The excellent feed can reduce the slaughtering time, shorten the feeding period and reduce the feeding cost, and the matched good feed preparation method can not only improve the production efficiency, but also save the cost; however, the existing formula and the preparation method of the existing feed are simple, and the effect is not ideal.
Therefore, from the viewpoint of saving resources and energy and improving the yield of livestock, the formula of the feed and the preparation method thereof need to be further researched. In the prior art, the vegetable soybean pod shell silage and the preparation method thereof with the patent number of CN102640852B are prepared by simply mixing all materials, the fermentation is insufficient in the process, partial materials are wasted, the materials are easily rotten after being stacked, the nutritional value of the silage is influenced, and the poor taste causes the reduction of the food intake. For another example, in the prior art, according to the technical scheme disclosed in "corn and soybean mixed silage and preparation method thereof" with patent number CN105146065A, corn and soybean are mixed to complete silage, although the calcium content, phosphorus content and crude protein content in the silage are all increased, the whole method is too simple, and the fermentation is not sufficient due to simple mixing, so that not only is resources wasted, but also the cost is increased, and the silage does not contain any additive of nutritional ingredients, so that the content of partial trace elements is deficient, and the whole formula and preparation method thereof need to be further optimized and improved.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention aims to provide the preparation method of the corn and soybean mixed silage, which is simple to operate, high in fermentation efficiency, good in absorptivity, economical and practical. In order to realize the purpose of the invention, the following technical scheme is adopted:
a preparation method of corn and soybean mixed silage comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing green feed: planting soybeans in rows of a corn field, harvesting whole corn and soybeans at the same time, separating the corn and soybean straws, spreading and airing until the water content is 60-70%, cutting into pieces, and uniformly mixing to obtain a green feed containing the corn straws and the soybean straws;
(2) preparing concentrated feed: crushing and sieving the harvested corns and soybeans to obtain corn flour and soybean flour with uniform particle sizes, and uniformly mixing to obtain concentrated feed;
(3) preparing fermentation liquor: weighing a certain mass of flavoring agent, trace element additive and a proper amount of water according to the parts by weight, uniformly mixing, adding a certain amount of calcium hydroxide to adjust the pH, stirring, and then adding a proper amount of edible yeast to obtain fermentation liquor;
(4) pretreating green feed: adding a proper amount of cellulose decomposing bacteria into the green feed obtained in the step (1), uniformly stirring, and decomposing for 1-3d at normal temperature to obtain decomposed green feed;
(5) mixing and ensiling: and (3) transferring the silage decomposed in the step (4) into a silage pond at the rotation speed of 200-300r/min, adding a layer of concentrated feed obtained in the step (2) every time one layer of silage is laid, uniformly spraying the fermentation liquid obtained in the step (3), uniformly mixing, compacting, sealing and fermenting to finally obtain the corn-soybean mixed silage.
Preferably, the length of the chopped corn straws and soybean straws in the green feed of the step (1) is 1-3cm, and the weight ratio of the corn straws to the soybean straws in the green feed is 1: (1-3).
Preferably, in the concentrated feed of step (2), the particle size of the corn flour and the soybean flour is 0.5-1.2mm, and the weight ratio of the corn flour to the soybean flour is (2-5): (1-3).
Preferably, the pH of the fermentation liquid in the step (3) is 5-7, and the fermentation liquid comprises 1-3 parts by weight of flavoring agent, 1-2 parts by weight of trace element additive, 0.5-1.5 parts by weight of calcium hydroxide, 1-3 parts by weight of edible yeast and 1.5-3.5 parts by weight of water.
Preferably, in the step (3), the edible yeast is one or more of bacillus subtilis, saccharomyces cerevisiae and lactobacillus acidophilus, and the flavoring agent is one or more of sucrose, glucose or kiwi fruit powder.
Preferably, the cellulolytic bacteria in step (4) are one or more of the genera cellulomonas, vibrio, and cytophagia.
Preferably, the compaction density in the step (5) is 550g/L and the temperature of the sealed fermentation is 20-30 ℃, and the time of the sealed fermentation is 10-20 d.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention also provides a corn and soybean mixed silage prepared by the method.
Preferably, the feed comprises 35-65 parts of green feed, 25-40 parts of concentrated feed, 5-13 parts of fermentation liquor, 2-4 parts of cellulose decomposition bacteria and 3-8 parts of water by weight.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention also provides application of the feed, and the corn and soybean mixed silage is added into basic ration of livestock or poultry in advance and fed after being uniformly stirred.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: in the process of mixing, ensiling and fermenting, the green feed, the concentrated feed and the fermentation liquor are paved layer by layer, so that the fermentation efficiency is obviously improved, the production efficiency is favorably improved, and the waste of resources is reduced; through the respective treatment of the green feed and the concentrated feed, nutrient substances in the green feed and the concentrated feed can be fully absorbed, the absorption rate of the feed is improved, and flavoring agents and trace element additives are added into fermentation liquor, so that the balance of nutrition is guaranteed, the taste can be improved, the food intake is improved, the slaughtering time of livestock is effectively shortened, and the practical value of the feed is enhanced.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a preparation method of a corn-soybean mixed silage disclosed by the invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Detailed description of the preferred embodiment 1
Fig. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a preparation method of a corn-soybean mixed silage, and it can be seen that the preparation method of the corn-soybean mixed silage comprises the following steps:
step S1: preparing green feed: planting soybeans in rows of a corn field, harvesting whole corn and soybeans at the same period, separating the corn and soybean straws, spreading and airing until the water content is 60%, and cutting into pieces of 1cm to obtain the green feed containing the corn straws and the soybean straws. In the step, the weight ratio of the corn straws to the soybean straws in the green feed is 1: 1.
step S2: preparing concentrated feed: pulverizing harvested semen Maydis and semen glycines, sieving to obtain semen Maydis powder and semen glycines powder with particle size of 0.5mm, and mixing well to obtain concentrated feed. In this step, the weight ratio of corn flour to soybean flour is 2: 1.
step S3: preparing fermentation liquor: weighing a certain mass of flavoring agent, a trace element additive and a proper amount of water according to the parts by weight, uniformly mixing, adding a certain amount of calcium hydroxide to adjust the pH to 5, stirring, and then adding a proper amount of edible yeast to obtain the fermentation liquor. In the step, the fermentation liquor comprises 1 part of flavoring agent, 1 part of microelement additive, 0.5 part of calcium hydroxide, 1 part of edible yeast and 1.5 parts of water by weight, wherein the edible yeast is bacillus subtilis, and the flavoring agent is cane sugar.
Step S4: pretreating green feed: and (4) adding a proper amount of cellulose decomposing bacteria into the green feed obtained in the step (S1), uniformly stirring, and decomposing for 1d at normal temperature to obtain decomposed green feed. In this step, the cellulolytic bacteria are of the genus Cellulomonas.
Step S5: mixing and ensiling: and (3) transferring the silage decomposed in the step S4 into a silage pond at the rotating speed of 200r/min, adding a layer of the concentrated feed obtained in the step S2 when one layer of the silage is laid, uniformly spraying the fermentation liquor obtained in the step S3, uniformly mixing, compacting, sealing and fermenting to finally obtain the corn and soybean mixed silage. In the present step, the compaction density was 450g/L, the temperature of the sealing fermentation was 20 ℃ and the time of the sealing fermentation was 20 days.
In the embodiment, the sum of the components is 100 parts, and the specific formula of the feed in parts by weight is as follows:
specific example 2
Fig. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a preparation method of a corn-soybean mixed silage, and it can be seen that the preparation method of the corn-soybean mixed silage comprises the following steps:
step S1: preparing green feed: planting soybeans in rows of a corn field, harvesting whole corn and soybeans at the same time, separating the corn and soybean straws, spreading and airing until the water content is 70%, and cutting into pieces of 3cm to obtain the green feed containing the corn straws and the soybean straws. In the step, the weight ratio of the corn straws to the soybean straws in the green feed is 1: 3.
step S2: preparing concentrated feed: pulverizing harvested semen Maydis and semen glycines, sieving to obtain semen Maydis powder and semen glycines powder with particle size of 1.2mm, and mixing well to obtain concentrated feed. In this step, the weight ratio of corn flour to soybean flour is 5: 3.
step S3: preparing fermentation liquor: weighing a certain mass of flavoring agent, a trace element additive and a proper amount of water according to the parts by weight, uniformly mixing, adding a certain amount of calcium hydroxide to adjust the pH to 7, stirring, and then adding a proper amount of edible yeast to obtain the fermentation liquor. In the step, the fermentation liquor comprises 3 parts of flavoring agent, 2 parts of microelement additive, 1.5 parts of calcium hydroxide, 3 parts of edible yeast and 3.5 parts of water by weight, the adopted edible yeast is mixed yeast of saccharomyces cerevisiae and lactobacillus acidophilus, and the flavoring agent is glucose.
Step S4: pretreating green feed: and (4) adding a proper amount of cellulose decomposing bacteria into the green feed obtained in the step (S1), uniformly stirring, and decomposing for 3d at normal temperature to obtain decomposed green feed. In this step, the cellulolytic bacteria are of the genus Cellvia.
Step S5: mixing and ensiling: and (3) transferring the silage decomposed in the step S4 into a silage pond at the rotating speed of 300r/min, adding a layer of the concentrated feed obtained in the step S2 when one layer of the silage is laid, uniformly spraying the fermentation liquor obtained in the step S3, uniformly mixing, compacting, sealing and fermenting to finally obtain the corn and soybean mixed silage. In the present step, the compaction density was 550g/L, the temperature of the sealing fermentation was 30 ℃ and the time of the sealing fermentation was 10 days.
In the embodiment, the sum of the components is 100 parts, and the specific formula of the feed in parts by weight is as follows:
specific example 3
Fig. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a preparation method of a corn-soybean mixed silage, and it can be seen that the preparation method of the corn-soybean mixed silage comprises the following steps:
step S1: preparing green feed: planting soybeans in rows of a corn field, harvesting whole corn and soybeans at the same period, separating the corn and soybean straws, spreading and airing until the water content is 65%, and cutting into 2cm pieces to obtain the green feed containing the corn straws and the soybean straws. In the step, the weight ratio of the corn straws to the soybean straws in the green feed is 1: 2.
step S2: preparing concentrated feed: pulverizing harvested semen Maydis and semen glycines, sieving to obtain semen Maydis powder and semen glycines powder with particle size of 0.8mm, and mixing well to obtain concentrated feed. In this step, the weight ratio of corn flour to soybean flour is 3: 2.
step S3: preparing fermentation liquor: weighing a certain mass of flavoring agent, a trace element additive and a proper amount of water according to the parts by weight, uniformly mixing, adding a certain amount of calcium hydroxide to adjust the pH value to 6, stirring, and then adding a proper amount of edible yeast to obtain the fermentation liquor. In the step, the fermentation liquor comprises, by weight, 2 parts of a flavoring agent, 1.5 parts of a trace element additive, 1 part of calcium hydroxide, 2 parts of edible yeast and 2.5 parts of water, wherein the edible yeast is lactobacillus acidophilus, and the flavoring agent is a mixture of sucrose and kiwi fruit powder.
Step S4: pretreating green feed: and (5) adding a proper amount of cellulose decomposing bacteria into the green feed obtained in the step (S1), uniformly stirring, and decomposing for 2d at normal temperature to obtain the decomposed green feed. In this step, the cellulolytic bacteria are a mixed genus of the genera Cellulomonas and Cytophaga.
Step S5: mixing and ensiling: and (3) transferring the silage decomposed in the step S4 into a silage pond at the rotating speed of 250r/min, adding a layer of the concentrated feed obtained in the step S2 when one layer of the silage is laid, uniformly spraying the fermentation liquor obtained in the step S3, uniformly mixing, compacting, sealing and fermenting to finally obtain the corn and soybean mixed silage. In the step, the compaction density is 500g/L, the temperature of sealed fermentation is 25 ℃, and the time of sealed fermentation is 15 d.
In the embodiment, the sum of the components is 100 parts, and the specific formula of the feed in parts by weight is as follows:
specific example 4
The application of the feed is characterized in that the corn and soybean mixed silage is added into basic ration of livestock or poultry in advance, and the corn and soybean mixed silage is fed after being stirred uniformly.
It can be seen from the above embodiments of the present invention that in the process of mixing silage and fermentation, the green feed, the concentrated feed and the fermentation liquid are laid layer by layer, so that the fermentation efficiency is significantly improved, the production efficiency is improved, and the waste of resources is reduced; through the respective treatment of the green feed and the concentrated feed, nutrient substances in the green feed and the concentrated feed can be fully absorbed, the absorption rate of the feed is improved, and flavoring agents and trace element additives are added into fermentation liquor, so that the balance of nutrition is guaranteed, the taste can be improved, the food intake is improved, the slaughtering time of livestock is effectively shortened, and the practical value of the feed is enhanced.
The above description is only for the specific embodiments of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art can understand that the changes or modifications within the technical scope of the present invention are included in the scope of the present invention, and therefore, the scope of the present invention should be subject to the protection scope of the claims.
Claims (10)
1. A preparation method of corn and soybean mixed silage is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing green feed: planting soybeans in rows of a corn field, harvesting whole corn and soybeans at the same time, separating the corn and soybean straws, spreading and airing until the water content is 60-70%, cutting into pieces, and uniformly mixing to obtain a green feed containing the corn straws and the soybean straws;
(2) preparing concentrated feed: crushing and sieving the harvested corns and soybeans to obtain corn flour and soybean flour with uniform particle sizes, and uniformly mixing to obtain concentrated feed;
(3) preparing fermentation liquor: weighing a certain mass of flavoring agent, trace element additive and a proper amount of water according to the parts by weight, uniformly mixing, adding a certain amount of calcium hydroxide to adjust the pH, stirring, and then adding a proper amount of edible yeast to obtain fermentation liquor;
(4) pretreating green feed: adding a proper amount of cellulose decomposing bacteria into the green feed obtained in the step (1), uniformly stirring, and decomposing for 1-3d at normal temperature to obtain decomposed green feed;
(5) mixing and ensiling: and (3) transferring the silage decomposed in the step (4) into a silage pond at the rotation speed of 200-300r/min, adding a layer of concentrated feed obtained in the step (2) every time one layer of silage is laid, uniformly spraying the fermentation liquid obtained in the step (3), uniformly mixing, compacting, sealing and fermenting to finally obtain the corn-soybean mixed silage.
2. The method for preparing the corn-soybean mixed silage as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the length of the chopped corn straws and soybean straws in the green feed of the step (1) is 1-3cm, and the weight ratio of the corn straws to the soybean straws in the green feed is 1: (1-3).
3. The method for preparing the corn-soybean mixed silage as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in the concentrated feed in the step (2), the granularity of the corn flour and the soybean meal is 0.5-1.2mm, and the weight ratio of the corn flour to the soybean meal is (2-5): (1-3).
4. The method for preparing the corn-soybean mixed silage as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the pH value of the fermentation liquor in the step (3) is 5-7, and the fermentation liquor comprises 1-3 parts of flavoring agent, 1-2 parts of trace element additive, 0.5-1.5 parts of calcium hydroxide, 1-3 parts of edible yeast and 1.5-3.5 parts of water in parts by weight.
5. The method for preparing the corn-soybean mixed silage according to claim 1 or 4, characterized in that: in the step (3), the edible yeast is one or more of bacillus subtilis, saccharomyces cerevisiae or lactobacillus acidophilus, and the flavoring agent is one or more of sucrose, glucose or kiwi fruit powder.
6. The method for preparing the corn-soybean mixed silage as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the cellulolytic bacteria in step (4) are one or more of the genera Cellulomonas, Cellulomonas and Cytophaga.
7. The method for preparing the corn-soybean mixed silage as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in the step (5), the compaction density is 550g/L, the sealing fermentation temperature is 20-30 ℃, and the sealing fermentation time is 10-20 d.
8. The corn and soybean mixed silage is characterized in that: prepared by the method of any one of claims 1 to 7.
9. The corn soybean mixed silage as claimed in claim 8, wherein: the feed comprises, by weight, 35-65 parts of green feed, 25-40 parts of concentrated feed, 5-13 parts of fermentation liquor, 2-4 parts of cellulose decomposing bacteria and 3-8 parts of water.
10. The application of the feed is characterized in that: the corn-soybean mixed silage according to claim 8 or 9, which is added to a basal ration for livestock or poultry in advance, and fed after being stirred uniformly.
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| CN103571888A (en) * | 2012-07-31 | 2014-02-12 | 青岛嘉能节能环保技术有限公司 | Method for comprehensive utilization of corn straws |
| CN111387357A (en) * | 2020-05-11 | 2020-07-10 | 四川农业大学 | Preparation method of corn and soybean mixed silage, prepared feed and application |
| CN111700153A (en) * | 2020-07-15 | 2020-09-25 | 安徽省正大源饲料集团有限公司 | Microbial high-cellulose fermented feed for livestock and preparation process thereof |
| CN113768058A (en) * | 2021-08-13 | 2021-12-10 | 黑龙江省农业科学院畜牧研究所 | Preparation method of antibiotic-free fermented feed for green geese |
| CN114097943A (en) * | 2021-12-27 | 2022-03-01 | 重庆市大足区瑞丰现代农业发展有限公司 | Preparation method of silage for black goats |
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Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103571888A (en) * | 2012-07-31 | 2014-02-12 | 青岛嘉能节能环保技术有限公司 | Method for comprehensive utilization of corn straws |
| CN111387357A (en) * | 2020-05-11 | 2020-07-10 | 四川农业大学 | Preparation method of corn and soybean mixed silage, prepared feed and application |
| CN111700153A (en) * | 2020-07-15 | 2020-09-25 | 安徽省正大源饲料集团有限公司 | Microbial high-cellulose fermented feed for livestock and preparation process thereof |
| CN113768058A (en) * | 2021-08-13 | 2021-12-10 | 黑龙江省农业科学院畜牧研究所 | Preparation method of antibiotic-free fermented feed for green geese |
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Application publication date: 20220802 |