CN114812315A - Nine-hole straight-hole undermining hole distribution method for cutting and broaching blasting - Google Patents
Nine-hole straight-hole undermining hole distribution method for cutting and broaching blasting Download PDFInfo
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- CN114812315A CN114812315A CN202210670145.7A CN202210670145A CN114812315A CN 114812315 A CN114812315 A CN 114812315A CN 202210670145 A CN202210670145 A CN 202210670145A CN 114812315 A CN114812315 A CN 114812315A
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- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 64
- 238000005422 blasting Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 57
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 title claims description 11
- 238000005474 detonation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000000977 initiatory effect Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 abstract description 14
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 9
- 235000018185 Betula X alpestris Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 5
- 235000018212 Betula X uliginosa Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- LIKBJVNGSGBSGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(3+);oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Fe+3].[Fe+3] LIKBJVNGSGBSGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000002360 explosive Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 4
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YOBAEOGBNPPUQV-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron;trihydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.[Fe].[Fe] YOBAEOGBNPPUQV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008520 organization Effects 0.000 description 1
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42D—BLASTING
- F42D1/00—Blasting methods or apparatus, e.g. loading or tamping
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21C—MINING OR QUARRYING
- E21C41/00—Methods of underground or surface mining; Layouts therefor
- E21C41/16—Methods of underground mining; Layouts therefor
- E21C41/22—Methods of underground mining; Layouts therefor for ores, e.g. mining placers
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42D—BLASTING
- F42D1/00—Blasting methods or apparatus, e.g. loading or tamping
- F42D1/04—Arrangements for ignition
- F42D1/045—Arrangements for electric ignition
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42D—BLASTING
- F42D3/00—Particular applications of blasting techniques
- F42D3/04—Particular applications of blasting techniques for rock blasting
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- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
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- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention discloses a nine-hole straight-hole cutting and hole distributing method for cutting and slot-drawing blasting, which comprises the following steps: arranging a cutting large hole in the center of the roadway, arranging 8 blast holes which are arranged in a square shape by taking the cutting large hole as the center, charging and connecting the charges in the blast holes, detonating, wherein the sequence of the detonation is that the corner hole is arranged behind the axis hole, and the interval time of the detonation is 200-300 ms; the hole mouth section is firstly arranged, then the hole bottom section is arranged, and the detonation interval time is 150 ms. The method comprises the steps that a CY-R40C cutting groove raise drilling machine is used for cutting one large hole in the center of a roadway, blasting compensation spaces are provided for auxiliary cutting holes, and the compensation coefficient of each hole is 1.5 greater than the rock loose coefficient of a birch ditch mining area of the ferris specularite; in addition, the medium-length hole blasting can overcome hard rock, the utilization rate of blast holes reaches 95%, the once blasting success rate is obviously improved, and the blasting effect is obviously improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of mine blasting, and particularly relates to a nine-hole straight-hole undermining hole distribution method for cutting and slot-drawing blasting.
Background
The birch ditch iron ore of the specularite ore belongs to a steeply inclined thick ore body, and the ore and surrounding stones are stable. The ore deposit is mined by a sill pillar-free sublevel caving method, and before the stoping process, a cutting groove is required to be formed at the tail end of a stoping roadway and is used as an initial ore caving free surface and a compensation space. Due to the unreasonable hole distribution mode of the cutting groove, the blasting effect is poor, and the pushing and discharging suspension rate is high. The recovery rate of the cutting slot area is low, so that the mineral resources are tense, and the production organization is passive.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a nine-hole straight-hole undermining hole distribution method for cutting and slot-drawing blasting, which aims to solve the problems.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
a nine-hole straight-hole cutting and hole distributing method for cutting slot-drawing blasting comprises the following steps:
(1) arranging a large cutting hole in the center of the roadway, wherein the hole diameter is 670 mm;
(2) use the cutting macropore as the center, arrange 8 big gun holes that are the range of square, the big gun hole is vertical hole, including 4 corner holes and 4 axis holes, the hole interval between the adjacent big gun hole equals, and the hole interval that is located the big gun hole on the square right angle and cutting macropore is:
1.5φ≤a≤2.1φ;
in the formula:
phi is the aperture of a cut macropore;
a is the hole spacing between the blast hole on the square right angle and the cutting big hole;
(3) charging and connecting the powder in the blast hole;
(4) initiating, wherein the initiation sequence is that the rear corner hole of the axial hole is arranged first, and the initiation interval time is 200 and 300 ms; the hole mouth section is firstly arranged, then the hole bottom section is arranged, and the detonation interval time is 150 ms.
In order to further realize the invention, in the step (2), the blast holes sequentially comprise K1, K2, K3, K4, K5, K6, K7 and K8 in a clockwise direction, wherein corner holes comprise K1, K3, K5, K7, K1 and K3 which are arranged at positions close to the end of the roadway, K7 and K5 are arranged at positions far from the end of the roadway, and only one axis hole is arranged between every two adjacent corner holes.
In order to further realize the invention, in the explosion sequence in the step (4), the axis holes are independently detonated, and the explosion sequence is K8, K4, K6 and K2.
In order to further implement the invention, in the explosion sequence in the step (4), the corner holes are detonated in groups, and the explosion sequence is K1 and K5, K3 and K7.
In order to further realize the invention, the diameter of the blast hole in the step (2) is 76 mm.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
in order to improve the blasting effect of the cutting groove area, the specular iron mountain mine technicians continuously research and summarize a method for using a nine-hole straight-hole undermining hole distribution mode in cutting and broaching blasting, so that the blasting effect can be effectively improved, and the pushing and discharging overhang rate is reduced.
The invention can effectively improve the blasting effect. The medium-length hole blasting can overcome hard rock, the utilization rate of blast holes reaches 95%, and the pushing and discharging suspension rate can be reduced.
The success rate of the one-time slot-drawing blasting before optimization is increased to 50% after optimization by 30%. The construction period delay, the cost increase and the personnel operation risk caused during the suspended top treatment of the cutting groove are reduced.
The hole distribution mode adopted by the invention is most suitable for the requirements of cutting wells of birch ditches, and the drilling efficiency and the well forming effect can be improved in view of the larger drilling diameter of the CY-R40C cutting groove raise drilling machine.
The method comprises the steps that a CY-R40C cutting groove raise drilling machine is used for cutting one large hole in the center of a roadway, blasting compensation spaces are provided for auxiliary cutting holes, and the compensation coefficient of each hole is 1.5 greater than the rock loose coefficient of a birch ditch mining area of the ferris specularite; in addition, the medium-length hole blasting can overcome hard rock, the utilization rate of blast holes reaches 95%, the once blasting success rate is obviously improved, and the blasting effect is obviously improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the hole distribution structure of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a first shot zone of a cutting well according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a second section of the blast area of the cutting well according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a third blasting area of a cutting well according to the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a fourth burst zone of a cutting well according to the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a fifth shot zone of a cutter well according to the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of a sixth shot zone of a cutting well according to the present invention;
the reference numerals have the following meanings: 1. a rock mass; 2. a free space; 3. a detonated area; 4. and (5) blast holes.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described with reference to the following figures and detailed description.
A nine-hole straight-hole cutting and hole distributing method for cutting slot-drawing blasting comprises the following steps:
(1) arranging a large cutting hole in the center of the roadway, wherein the hole diameter is 670 mm;
(2) use the cutting macropore as the center, arrange 8 big gun holes that are the range of square, the aperture of big gun hole is 76mm, the big gun hole includes K1 along clockwise in proper order, K2, K3, K4, K5, K6, K7 and K8, wherein the corner hole includes K1, K3, K5, K7, K1 and K3 set up in being close to tunnel tip position, K7 and K5 set up in keeping away from tunnel tip position, only set up an axis hole between two adjacent corner holes, the big gun hole is vertical hole, including 4 corner holes and 4 axis holes, the hole interval between the adjacent big gun hole is equal, the hole interval that lies in square right angle big gun hole and the hole interval between the cutting macropore is:
1.5φ≤a≤2.1φ;
in the formula:
phi is the aperture of a cut macropore;
a is the hole spacing between the blast holes on the square right angle and the cutting big holes;
(3) charging and connecting the powder in the blast hole;
(4) initiating explosion, wherein the sequence of the explosion is that the corner holes are arranged behind the axis holes, the axis holes are independently initiated, the sequence of the explosion is sequentially K8, K4, K6 and K2, the corner holes are initiated in groups, the sequence of the explosion is K1 and K5, K3 and K7, and the initiation interval is 200 plus 300 ms; the hole mouth section is firstly arranged, then the hole bottom section is arranged, and the detonation interval time is 150 ms.
Example 1:
a nine-hole straight-hole cutting and hole distributing method for cutting slot-drawing blasting comprises the following steps:
(1) arranging a large cutting hole in the center of the roadway, wherein the hole diameter is 670 mm;
(2) use the cutting macropore as the center, arrange 8 big gun holes that are the range of square, the aperture of big gun hole is 76mm, the big gun hole includes K1 along clockwise in proper order, K2, K3, K4, K5, K6, K7 and K8, wherein the corner hole includes K1, K3, K5, K7, K1 and K3 set up in being close to tunnel tip position, K7 and K5 set up in keeping away from tunnel tip position, only set up an axis hole between two adjacent corner holes, the big gun hole is vertical hole, including 4 corner holes and 4 axis holes, the hole interval between the adjacent big gun hole is equal, the hole interval that lies in square right angle big gun hole and the hole interval between the cutting macropore is:
1.5φ≤a≤2.1φ;
in the formula:
phi is the aperture of a cut macropore;
a is the hole spacing between the blast hole on the square right angle and the cutting big hole;
(3) charging and connecting the powder in the blast hole;
(4) detonating, wherein the detonating sequence is that the corner holes are formed behind the axis holes, the axis holes are independently detonated, the detonating sequence is sequentially K8, K4, K6 and K2, the corner holes are detonated in groups, the detonating sequence is K1, K5, K3 and K7, and the detonating interval is 200 ms; the hole mouth section is firstly arranged, then the hole bottom section is arranged, and the detonation interval time is 150 ms.
Example 2:
a nine-hole straight-hole cutting and hole distributing method for cutting slot-drawing blasting comprises the following steps:
(1) arranging a large cutting hole in the center of the roadway, wherein the hole diameter is 670 mm;
(2) use the cutting macropore as the center, arrange 8 big gun holes that are the range of square, the aperture of big gun hole is 76mm, the big gun hole includes K1 along clockwise in proper order, K2, K3, K4, K5, K6, K7 and K8, wherein the corner hole includes K1, K3, K5, K7, K1 and K3 set up in being close to tunnel tip position, K7 and K5 set up in keeping away from tunnel tip position, only set up an axis hole between two adjacent corner holes, the big gun hole is vertical hole, including 4 corner holes and 4 axis holes, the hole interval between the adjacent big gun hole is equal, the hole interval that lies in square right angle big gun hole and the hole interval between the cutting macropore is:
1.5φ≤a≤2.1φ;
in the formula:
phi is the aperture of a cut macropore;
a is the hole spacing between the blast hole on the square right angle and the cutting big hole;
(3) charging and connecting the powder in the blast hole;
(4) detonating, wherein the detonating sequence is that the corner holes are formed behind the axis holes, the axis holes are independently detonated, the detonating sequence is sequentially K8, K4, K6 and K2, the corner holes are detonated in groups, the detonating sequence is K1, K5, K3 and K7, and the detonating interval time is 300 ms; the hole mouth section is firstly arranged, then the hole bottom section is arranged, and the detonation interval time is 150 ms.
Experimental example 1:
the compensation space is the space cut in the lump to accommodate the volume of broken and expanded ore to be blasted. The size of the compensation space is usually determined by a compensation space coefficient, which is shown in equation (1). When the compensation space coefficient is larger than the crushing expansion coefficient of the rock, the rock mass in the region can be successfully collapsed, otherwise, the rock mass can only be partially collapsed and even is difficult to collapse.
In the formula:
Due to the selection of the cutting well undercutting mode, the rock body heights of the compensation space are almost equal, so the volume can be replaced by the cross sectional area.
1. Blasting in the first stage:
as shown in figure 2, the blast hole K8 is initiated, and the cross-sectional area of the blasted ore body is 0.1m 2 The cross-sectional area of the free space is 0.35m 2 The first section blasting compensation space coefficient is as follows:;
2. and (3) second-stage blasting:
as shown in figure 3, the blast hole K4 is independently detonated, and the cross section area of the blasted ore body is 0.1m 2 The cross-sectional area of the free space is 0.45m 2 And the second section blasting compensation space coefficient is as follows:;
3. and (3) blasting:
as shown in figure 4, the blast hole K6 is independently detonated, and the cross section area of the blasted ore body is 0.29m 2 Free space cross-sectional area of 0.55m 2 And the third-stage blasting compensation space coefficient is as follows:;
4. and (3) fourth-stage blasting:
as shown in figure 5, the blast hole K2 is independently detonated, and the cross section area of the blasted ore body is 0.29m 2 Free space cross-sectional area of 0.84m 2 And the fourth section blasting compensation space coefficient is as follows:;
5. and (5) fifth blasting:
as shown in figure 6, the blast holes K1 and K5 are simultaneously detonated, and the cross-sectional area of the blasted ore body is 0.56m 2 The cross-sectional area of the free space is 1.13m 2 And the fifth section blasting compensation space coefficient is as follows:;
6. and (3) blasting in the sixth section:
as shown in figure 7, the blast holes K3 and K7 are simultaneously detonated, and the cross-sectional area of the blasted ore body is 0.56m 2 Free space cross-sectional area of 1.69m 2 And the sixth section blasting compensation space coefficient is as follows:;
the above calculations indicate that each segment of blasting compensation space can meet the blasting requirements, and the data is summarized as shown in the following table:
experimental example 2:
the delay time setting is particularly important in blasting of cutting wells in birch ditch mining areas in the specularite mountain mine. Because the stope is mined by adopting a sill pillar-free sublevel caving method, an overlying rock layer is arranged above a blasting area, the delay time is set to be too short, and the ore caved from the former section of blast hole does not fall when the latter section of blast hole is detonated, so that the free space is insufficient and the blasting effect is poor; the delay time is set to be too long, so that the overlying strata falls, the free space is insufficient during the subsequent blast hole blasting, the extrusion blasting is formed, and the blasting effect is influenced. Research shows that the time for generating cracks and throwing rock debris to the hollow wall under the conditions of a small resistance line and high explosive unit consumption is very short, so that the time required by the groove cavity mainly depends on the axial discharge time of the rock debris in the groove cavity. The cavity formation approximation calculation is as follows.
In the formula (I); h is the blasting sectional height; c is the explosive detonation velocity; m is the weight of the ore to be exploded; q is explosive quantity.
As each blast hole is divided into a hole mouth section and a hole bottom section for blasting, a digital electronic detonator is adopted for blasting, the blasting sequence is that the hole mouth section is blasted first, the hole bottom section is blasted later, and the blasting height, the explosive parameter, the blasted ore quantity and the hole inner explosive quantity are brought into the following calculation process (5.1):
experimental example 3:
in 2021, 10 sets of horizontal tests are carried out on an I-II ore body 2625 and an I ore body 2610, wherein 5 sets of the horizontal through tests have a one-time blasting success rate of 50 percent and are improved by 30 percent; the pushing and discharging rate is reduced by 30% compared with that before the experiment, 1.2 million tons of ore are recovered, according to the recovery price of peripheral ore in 2021 year, the average peripheral ore is 207 yuan/ton (to the unit price of the specular iron mountain ore), the self-produced ore cost is 85 yuan/ton, and the economic benefit is created: 1.2 x (207-85) =146.4 ten thousand yuan.
Claims (5)
1. A nine-hole straight-hole cutting and hole distributing method for cutting slot-drawing blasting is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) arranging a large cutting hole in the center of the roadway, wherein the hole diameter is 670 mm;
(2) use the cutting macropore as the center, arrange 8 big gun holes that are the range of square, the big gun hole is vertical hole, including 4 corner holes and 4 axis holes, the hole interval between the adjacent big gun hole equals, and the hole interval that is located the big gun hole on the square right angle and cutting macropore is:
1.5φ≤a≤2.1φ;
in the formula:
phi is the aperture of a cut macropore;
a is the hole spacing between the blast hole on the square right angle and the cutting big hole;
(3) charging and connecting the powder in the blast hole;
(4) initiating, wherein the initiation sequence is that the rear corner hole of the axial hole is arranged first, and the initiation interval time is 200 and 300 ms; the hole mouth section is firstly arranged, then the hole bottom section is arranged, and the detonation interval time is 150 ms.
2. The nine-hole straight-hole undermining hole distribution method for the cutting and slot-drawing blasting according to claim 1, wherein: the blast hole in the step (2) sequentially comprises K1, K2, K3, K4, K5, K6, K7 and K8 in the clockwise direction, wherein corner holes comprise K1, K3, K5 and K7, K1 and K3 are arranged at positions close to the end part of the roadway, K7 and K5 are arranged at positions far away from the end part of the roadway, and only one axis hole is arranged between every two adjacent corner holes.
3. The nine-hole straight-hole undermining hole distribution method for the cutting and slot-drawing blasting according to claim 1, wherein: in the explosion sequence in the step (4), the axis holes are independently detonated, and the explosion sequence is K8, K4, K6 and K2 in sequence.
4. The nine-hole straight-hole undermining hole distribution method for the cutting and slot-drawing blasting according to claim 1, wherein: and (4) in the explosion sequence in the step (4), initiating the corner holes in groups, wherein the explosion sequence is K1 and K5, and K3 and K7.
5. The nine-hole straight-hole undermining hole distribution method for the cutting and slot-drawing blasting according to claim 1, wherein: and (3) the aperture of the blast hole in the step (2) is 76 mm.
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CN1146549A (en) * | 1996-07-03 | 1997-04-02 | 汪传松 | Cut shot method |
KR20000038502A (en) * | 1998-12-07 | 2000-07-05 | 신승교 | Method of stage advance blasting burn cut |
CN103063094A (en) * | 2013-02-04 | 2013-04-24 | 山东科技大学 | Channeling method in rapid roadway explosion |
CN103306679A (en) * | 2013-05-21 | 2013-09-18 | 马钢(集团)控股有限公司 | '|'-shaped free surface holing one-step well completion technology |
CN105674816A (en) * | 2016-01-22 | 2016-06-15 | 河北钢铁集团矿业有限公司 | Medium-length hole blasting one-time shaft-forming method used for non-coal mine mountain |
CN106288991A (en) * | 2016-09-20 | 2017-01-04 | 中国地质大学(武汉) | A kind of underground mining cuts kerve method of going up a hill |
CN109029176A (en) * | 2018-08-30 | 2018-12-18 | 西北矿冶研究院 | Sectional type cutting method |
CN109443117A (en) * | 2018-10-19 | 2019-03-08 | 远安县燎原矿业有限责任公司 | A kind of technique of no slotting Deep-space navigation |
CN112923821A (en) * | 2021-02-09 | 2021-06-08 | 兖州煤业股份有限公司 | Drilling and blasting tunneling method for reducing and fixing rock resistance |
CN114935292A (en) * | 2022-06-15 | 2022-08-23 | 广东中人***工程有限公司 | Blasting excavation method for hard rock tunnel of underpass important cultural protection building |
-
2022
- 2022-06-15 CN CN202210670145.7A patent/CN114812315A/en active Pending
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CN1146549A (en) * | 1996-07-03 | 1997-04-02 | 汪传松 | Cut shot method |
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CN106288991A (en) * | 2016-09-20 | 2017-01-04 | 中国地质大学(武汉) | A kind of underground mining cuts kerve method of going up a hill |
CN109029176A (en) * | 2018-08-30 | 2018-12-18 | 西北矿冶研究院 | Sectional type cutting method |
CN109443117A (en) * | 2018-10-19 | 2019-03-08 | 远安县燎原矿业有限责任公司 | A kind of technique of no slotting Deep-space navigation |
CN112923821A (en) * | 2021-02-09 | 2021-06-08 | 兖州煤业股份有限公司 | Drilling and blasting tunneling method for reducing and fixing rock resistance |
CN114935292A (en) * | 2022-06-15 | 2022-08-23 | 广东中人***工程有限公司 | Blasting excavation method for hard rock tunnel of underpass important cultural protection building |
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Title |
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