CN114808997A - Excavation supporting method for bridge bearing platform foundation pit adjacent to existing railway - Google Patents
Excavation supporting method for bridge bearing platform foundation pit adjacent to existing railway Download PDFInfo
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- CN114808997A CN114808997A CN202210521717.5A CN202210521717A CN114808997A CN 114808997 A CN114808997 A CN 114808997A CN 202210521717 A CN202210521717 A CN 202210521717A CN 114808997 A CN114808997 A CN 114808997A
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- 238000009412 basement excavation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 41
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 36
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 182
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 182
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 53
- 230000009191 jumping Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011800 void material Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003351 stiffener Substances 0.000 claims 3
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010009 beating Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013507 mapping Methods 0.000 description 1
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D17/00—Excavations; Bordering of excavations; Making embankments
- E02D17/02—Foundation pits
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D17/00—Excavations; Bordering of excavations; Making embankments
- E02D17/02—Foundation pits
- E02D17/04—Bordering surfacing or stiffening the sides of foundation pits
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D5/00—Bulkheads, piles, or other structural elements specially adapted to foundation engineering
- E02D5/02—Sheet piles or sheet pile bulkheads
- E02D5/03—Prefabricated parts, e.g. composite sheet piles
- E02D5/04—Prefabricated parts, e.g. composite sheet piles made of steel
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- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Composite Materials (AREA)
- Bulkheads Adapted To Foundation Construction (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a method for excavating and supporting a foundation pit of a bridge bearing platform adjacent to an existing railway, which is characterized in that a supporting structure consisting of steel sheet piles and profile steel supports is adopted for supporting, the structure and the size of the steel sheet piles are determined according to the shape and the size of the foundation pit, and whether the profile steel supports are installed on the steel sheet piles or not, the installation quantity and the arrangement depth of the profile steel supports are determined according to the site conditions, the depth of the foundation pit and calculation analysis; before the steel sheet pile is driven, sealing the groove opening of the pile tip of the steel sheet pile; then, forming two rows of horizontal steel sheet piles by adopting a jumping mode, and forming two rows of vertical steel sheet pile lines by adopting a jumping mode; when the foundation pit is excavated, if the section steel supports do not need to be installed, the foundation pit is directly excavated to a preset depth, otherwise, the piling is stopped when the foundation pit is excavated to a certain depth, and the foundation pit is continuously excavated after the section steel supports are installed on the inner sides of the steel sheet piles. The invention can realize the excavation and support work of the foundation pit in the soft soil area adjacent to the existing railway under the premise of reducing the offset of the adjacent existing railway.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of foundation pit excavation, in particular to a method for excavating and supporting a foundation pit of a bridge bearing platform adjacent to an existing railway.
Background
In recent years, economic technology in China is rapidly developed, and the number of railways, high-speed lines and the like is increased. Therefore, it is inevitable to construct and excavate the foundation pit in the immediate vicinity of the existing railway. A plurality of railways are built in a soft soil area, but when the bridge bearing platform foundation pit excavation is carried out in the soft soil area adjacent to the existing railway, the soft soil is easy to collapse and extrude, which not only causes difficulty in the foundation pit excavation, but also easily extrudes and deflects the adjacent existing line, thereby causing serious consequences.
Therefore, a method for ensuring the reduction of the offset of the adjacent existing line needs to be adopted for the excavation and support work of the foundation pit. In the traditional supporting mode, a steel wire mesh is paved, and then concrete is poured on the steel wire mesh to support a foundation pit, but the mode is not beneficial to disassembly or modification, and the method cannot reduce the offset of the adjacent existing line. The patent application of the invention, which is published in China under the publication number of CN114059559A, provides a collapsible loess area foundation pit excavation supporting structure and a process thereof, and utilizes a fixing pile, a frame and a protection component to carry out foundation pit excavation supporting, so that the problem that the traditional mode is not beneficial to disassembly or modification is solved, but the offset of an adjacent existing line still cannot be reduced, and the supporting structure is not suitable for the foundation pit excavation supporting work adjacent to the existing railway. Based on the foundation, the method for excavating and supporting the foundation pit of the bridge bearing platform close to the existing railway is necessary.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, there is a need for a method for supporting a bridge bearing platform excavation next to an existing railway to ensure that the excavation supporting work is performed on the premise of reducing the offset of the existing railway next to the existing railway in a soft soil area next to the existing railway.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a method for excavating and supporting a foundation pit of a bridge bearing platform adjacent to an existing railway is characterized in that a supporting structure consisting of steel sheet piles and profile steel supports is adopted for supporting, and the supporting method comprises the following steps:
s1, determining the structure and the size of the steel sheet pile according to the shape and the size of the foundation pit, and determining whether the steel section supports are installed on the steel sheet pile or not, the installation quantity of the steel section supports and the arrangement depth of the steel section supports according to site conditions, the depth of the foundation pit and calculation analysis;
s2, carrying out preparation work;
s3, before the steel sheet pile is driven, sealing the groove opening of the pile tip of the steel sheet pile;
s4, forming two rows of horizontal steel sheet piles by adopting a jumping mode, and forming two rows of vertical steel sheet pile lines by adopting a jumping mode; the steel sheet piles of the two rows of horizontal steel sheet piles are aligned one by one, the connecting line of the two steel sheet piles aligned with each other is vertical to the adjacent existing railway, the connecting line of all the steel sheet piles of each row of horizontal steel sheet piles is parallel to the adjacent existing railway, and when the steel sheet piles are driven, one row of steel sheet piles close to the adjacent existing railway are firstly jumped, and then the other row of steel sheet piles are jumped; two rows of vertical steel plate pile lines are positioned between two rows of horizontal steel plate pile lines, and the connecting lines of all steel plate piles of each row of vertical steel plate pile lines are perpendicular to the adjacent existing railway;
s5, performing foundation pit digging operation on the site surrounded by the steel sheet piles, when digging the foundation pit, directly digging the pit to a preset depth if the situation that the steel section supports do not need to be installed is obtained in the step S1, then entering the step S7, and if the situation that the steel section supports need to be installed is obtained in the step S1, entering the step S6;
s6, when the pit is dug to the depth of the steel support arrangement determined in the step S1, stopping piling, then installing the steel supports on the inner sides of the steel sheet piles, installing the steel supports on each inner side wall of the steel sheet piles, continuing digging the foundation pit after the installation is finished, repeating the step until all the steel supports are installed and the foundation pit is dug to the preset depth, and then entering the step S7;
and S7, repeating the step 5 until all the steel sheet piles are excavated into foundation pits with preset depths, and then dismantling the supporting structure.
Preferably, the calculation method in step S1 is that, using ANSYS to establish a soft soil excavation model, continuously changing the soft soil property simulated by the excavation model and the caliber and depth of the excavation pit on the model, researching the relationship between the depth of the profile steel support and the lateral displacement of the soft soil, and controlling the lateral displacement of the soft soil to be not more than the support and support depth in different situations within the construction allowable range, so as to obtain the relationship between the soft soil property, the aperture of the excavation pit and the profile steel support and support depth or the profile steel support and support interval, and further establishing a formula between the water content of the soft soil, the pore ratio of the soft soil, the aperture of the excavation pit and the profile steel support and support depth or the profile steel support and support interval, and obtaining the profile steel support and support depth or the profile steel support and support interval by the formula, wherein the formula is specifically:
in the formula, a represents the water content of the soft soil, and the unit is; b represents the porosity of the soft soil; d represents the aperture of the excavated foundation pit, and the unit is m; d represents the supporting and supporting depth of the section steel or the supporting and supporting interval of the section steel, and the unit is m.
Preferably, in step S1, when the water content of the soft soil is less than 50%, the void ratio is less than 1.5, and the excavation depth is less than 5m, it is not necessary to provide a steel section support on the steel sheet pile.
Preferably, the jumping in step S4 is to pile every other steel sheet pile, and when the steel sheet pile that is already punched meets the requirement, sequentially punch the remaining steel sheet piles that are skipped.
Preferably, in step S4, in the driving process, positioning is performed on the neighboring existing railway by using a GPS, the positioning information is transmitted to the control room, if deviation is detected in the neighboring existing railway by using the control room, the driving is stopped, and the soft soil extrusion direction of the steel sheet pile in the circumferential direction is adjusted to realize deviation correction, and then the driving is performed.
Preferably, the section steel support comprises horizontal supporting rods and reinforcing rods, the horizontal supporting rods are mounted on each inner side wall of the steel sheet pile, all the horizontal supporting rods are connected end to end, a reinforcing rod is arranged between any two connected horizontal supporting rods, and any reinforcing rod and the two connected horizontal supporting rods form a tripod structure.
Preferably, the steel sheet pile is a domestic Larsen type IV steel sheet pile.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the invention discloses a method for excavating and supporting a foundation pit of a bridge bearing platform adjacent to an existing railway, which can realize the excavation and supporting work of the foundation pit in a soft soil area adjacent to the existing railway on the premise of reducing the offset of the adjacent existing railway and solve the problem of excavating the foundation pit in the soft soil area adjacent to the existing railway.
2. The invention improves the traditional steel sheet pile supporting method by increasing the section steel inner support, increases the supporting rigidity, and is more suitable for the opening control construction of the foundation pit in a soft soil layer and a state close to a business line.
3. The invention provides a relational expression among the properties of the soft soil, the hole diameter of the excavated foundation pit and the supporting depth (supporting interval), the supporting depth and the supporting interval required by the foundation pit can be rapidly calculated by simply detecting the water content and the porosity of the local soft soil, and the time cost is saved; in addition, the formula provided by the invention has strong adaptability and has certain reference significance for the excavation and support work of the foundation pit in the later soft soil area.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a simplified view of the supporting structure of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a connection line diagram of pile points after pile driving is finished on a parallel existing railway.
Fig. 3 is a connection line diagram of pile points after pile driving is performed on the vertical existing railway.
Fig. 4 is a soft soil excavation model established by ANSYS.
The following detailed description will further illustrate the invention in conjunction with the above-described figures.
Detailed Description
Referring to fig. 1 to 4, in a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a method for supporting a foundation pit of a bridge bearing platform adjacent to an existing railway includes supporting the foundation pit by using a supporting structure formed by steel sheet piles 5 and profile steel supports, where the steel sheet piles 5 surround the foundation pit to be excavated for supporting the foundation pit to prevent collapse of soft soil during excavation, and the profile steel supports are installed on the inner side walls of the steel sheet piles 5, that is, arranged inside the foundation pit, and located at a certain depth to reinforce the supporting operation, so as to prevent the lateral displacement of the soft soil from exceeding an allowable value due to an excessive excavation depth, that is, the profile steel supports can play a certain role in supporting and controlling the lateral displacement of the soft soil, and the composite supporting structure formed by the profile steel supports and the steel sheet piles 5 can be as shown in fig. 1. In fig. 1, the profile steel support comprises horizontal struts 6 and reinforcing rods 7, each inner side wall of a steel sheet pile 5 is provided with the horizontal strut 6, all the horizontal struts 6 are connected end to end, a reinforcing rod 7 is arranged between any two connected horizontal struts 6, and any reinforcing rod 7 and the two connected horizontal struts 6 form a tripod structure; the steel sheet pile 5 can adopt a domestic Larsen type IV steel sheet pile 5.
Based on the supporting structure, the supporting method provided by the invention comprises the following steps:
s1, determining the structure and the size of the steel sheet pile 5 according to the shape and the size of the foundation pit, and determining whether the steel section supports are installed on the steel sheet pile 5 or not, the number of the installed steel section supports and the arrangement depth according to site conditions, the depth of the foundation pit and calculation analysis. If the water content of the soft soil is less than 50%, the porosity ratio is less than 1.5, and the excavation depth of the foundation pit is less than 5m, the steel sheet pile 5 does not need to be provided with a section steel support. When the section steel support needs to be arranged, the arrangement depth or the supporting distance of the section steel support is obtained through the following calculation and analysis method, and therefore the relevant numerical value of the section steel support is obtained: establishing a soft soil excavation model by using ANSYS, as shown in figure 4, simulating a soft soil body by using a cube, digging a pit on the soft soil body, and dividing grids by adopting a mapping method, researching the relation between the depth of a profile steel support and the lateral displacement of the soft soil by continuously changing the soft soil property simulated by the excavation model and the caliber and the depth of the excavation foundation pit on the model, and controlling the lateral displacement of the soft soil to be not more than the support depth under different conditions within the construction allowable range, thereby obtaining the soft soil property, the aperture of the excavation foundation pit and the relationship between the profile steel support depth or the profile steel support spacing, further establishing a formula between the water content of the soft soil, the aperture ratio of the soft soil, the excavation aperture of the foundation pit and the profile steel support depth or the profile steel support spacing, and obtaining the profile steel support depth or the profile steel support spacing by the formula, wherein the formula is specifically:
in the formula, a represents the water content of the soft soil, and the unit is; b represents the porosity of the soft soil; d represents the aperture of the excavated foundation pit, and the unit is m; d represents the supporting and supporting depth of the section steel or the supporting and supporting interval of the section steel, and the unit is m.
Through the formula, the supporting depth and the supporting interval of the section steel support can be determined according to the soft soil property (water content and pore ratio) and the hole diameter of the excavated foundation pit.
And S2, performing preparation work, such as preparing the corresponding steel sheet pile 5 according to the content determined in the step S1, determining the position of the foundation pit, making corresponding marks, and the like.
And S3, before the steel sheet pile 5 is driven, sealing the groove opening of the pile tip of the steel sheet pile 5 to prevent soil from being extruded.
S4, forming two rows of horizontal steel sheet piles 5 by adopting a jumping and beating mode, and forming two rows of vertical steel sheet pile 5 lines by adopting a jumping and beating mode; the steel sheet piles 5 of the two rows of horizontal steel sheet piles 5 are aligned one by one, the connecting line of the two steel sheet piles 5 aligned with each other is perpendicular to the adjacent existing railway, the connecting line of all the steel sheet piles 5 of each row of horizontal steel sheet piles 5 is parallel to the adjacent existing railway, and when driving is performed, one row of steel sheet piles 5 close to the adjacent existing railway is firstly jumped, then the other row of steel sheet piles 5 is jumped, for example, one pile point connecting line indicated by 1 in figure 2 is firstly driven, and then the other pile point connecting line indicated by 2 in figure 2 is driven; two rows of vertical steel sheet pile 5 lines are positioned between two rows of horizontal steel sheet pile 5 lines, and the connecting line of all the steel sheet piles 5 of each row of vertical steel sheet pile 5 lines is perpendicular to the connecting line of pile points indicated by 3 and 4 in the next adjacent existing railway. In the embodiment, the jumping is to pile every other steel sheet pile 5, and when the steel sheet piles 5 which are well piled meet the requirements, the remaining steel sheet piles 5 which are skipped are piled in sequence; in addition, in the driving process, the adjacent existing railway is positioned through the GPS, the positioning information is transmitted to the control room, if the deviation of the adjacent existing railway is monitored through the control room, the driving is stopped, the circumferential soft soil extrusion direction of the steel sheet pile 5 is adjusted to realize the deviation correction, and then the driving is carried out, so that the line deviation is reduced, and the follow-up existing railway can normally work.
And S5, performing foundation pit digging operation on the site surrounded by the steel sheet pile 5, when the foundation pit is dug, directly digging the pit to a preset depth if the steel section support does not need to be installed in the step S1, then entering the step S7, and if the steel section support needs to be installed in the step S1, entering the step S6.
S6, when the pit is dug to the depth of the steel support arrangement determined in the step S1, pile driving is stopped, then the steel supports are installed on the inner side of the steel sheet pile 5, the steel supports are installed on each inner side wall of the steel sheet pile 5, the pit is continuously dug after the installation is finished, the step is repeated until all the steel supports are installed and the pit is dug to the preset depth, and then the step S7 is carried out.
And S7, repeating the step 5 until all the steel sheet piles 5 are excavated into foundation pits with preset depths, and then dismantling the supporting structure.
The supporting method has the advantages that the construction is simple and convenient, the implementation effect on the soft soil area with the existing railway nearby is obvious, the construction safety can be guaranteed, and the method has high popularization value.
The above description is intended to describe in detail the preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the embodiments are not intended to limit the scope of the claims of the present invention, and all equivalent changes and modifications made within the technical spirit of the present invention should fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. A method for excavating and supporting a foundation pit of a bridge bearing platform adjacent to an existing railway is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method is characterized in that a supporting structure consisting of steel sheet piles and profile steel supports is adopted for supporting, and the supporting method comprises the following steps:
s1, determining the structure and the size of the steel sheet pile according to the shape and the size of the foundation pit, and determining whether the steel section supports are installed on the steel sheet pile or not, the installation quantity of the steel section supports and the arrangement depth of the steel section supports according to site conditions, the depth of the foundation pit and calculation analysis;
s2, carrying out preparation work;
s3, before the steel sheet pile is driven, sealing the groove opening of the pile tip of the steel sheet pile;
s4, forming two rows of horizontal steel sheet piles by adopting a jumping mode, and forming two rows of vertical steel sheet pile lines by adopting a jumping mode; the steel sheet piles of the two rows of horizontal steel sheet piles are aligned one by one, the connecting line of the two steel sheet piles aligned with each other is vertical to the adjacent existing railway, the connecting line of all the steel sheet piles of each row of horizontal steel sheet piles is parallel to the adjacent existing railway, and when the steel sheet piles are driven, one row of steel sheet piles close to the adjacent existing railway are firstly jumped, and then the other row of steel sheet piles are jumped; two rows of vertical steel plate pile lines are positioned between two rows of horizontal steel plate pile lines, and the connecting lines of all steel plate piles of each row of vertical steel plate pile lines are perpendicular to the adjacent existing railway;
s5, performing foundation pit digging operation on the site surrounded by the steel sheet piles, when digging the foundation pit, directly digging the pit to a preset depth if the situation that the steel section supports do not need to be installed is obtained in the step S1, then entering the step S7, and if the situation that the steel section supports need to be installed is obtained in the step S1, entering the step S6;
s6, when the pit is dug to the depth of the steel support arrangement determined in the step S1, stopping piling, then installing the steel supports on the inner sides of the steel sheet piles, installing the steel supports on each inner side wall of the steel sheet piles, continuing digging the foundation pit after the installation is finished, repeating the step until all the steel supports are installed and the foundation pit is dug to the preset depth, and then entering the step S7;
and S7, repeating the step 5 until all the steel sheet piles are excavated into foundation pits with preset depths, and then dismantling the supporting structure.
2. The method for supporting the excavation of the foundation pit of the bridge bearing platform adjacent to the existing railway according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the calculation method in the step S1 is that, using ANSYS to establish a soft soil excavation model, by continuously changing the soft soil property simulated by the excavation model and the caliber and depth of the excavation pit on the model, studying the relationship between the depth of the profile steel support and the lateral displacement of the soft soil, and controlling the lateral displacement of the soft soil to be not more than the support depth under different conditions within the construction allowable range, thereby obtaining the relationship between the soft soil property, the diameter of the excavation pit and the profile steel support depth or the profile steel support spacing, and further establishing a formula between the soft soil water content, the soft soil pore ratio, the diameter of the excavation pit and the profile steel support depth or the profile steel support spacing, and obtaining the profile steel support depth or the profile steel support spacing through the formula, wherein the formula is specifically:
in the formula, a represents the water content of the soft soil, and the unit is; b represents the porosity of the soft soil; d represents the aperture of the excavated foundation pit, and the unit is m; d represents the supporting and supporting depth of the section steel or the supporting and supporting interval of the section steel, and the unit is m.
3. The method for supporting the excavation of the foundation pit of the bridge bearing platform adjacent to the existing railway according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in step S1, when the water content of the soft soil is less than 50%, the void ratio is less than 1.5, and the excavation depth of the foundation pit is less than 5m, it is not necessary to provide a steel support on the steel sheet pile.
4. The method for supporting the excavation of the foundation pit of the bridge bearing platform adjacent to the existing railway according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the jumping operation in the step S4, the steel sheet piles are driven one by one at an interval, and when the driven steel sheet piles meet the requirement, the remaining skipped steel sheet piles are driven in sequence.
5. The method for supporting the excavation of the foundation pit of the bridge bearing platform adjacent to the existing railway according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the step S4, in the driving process, positioning is carried out on the adjacent existing railway through a GPS, positioning information is transmitted to a control room, if deviation of the adjacent existing railway is monitored through the control room, driving is stopped, the circumferential soft soil extrusion direction of the steel sheet pile is adjusted to realize deviation correction, and then driving is carried out.
6. The method for supporting the excavation of the foundation pit of the bridge bearing platform adjacent to the existing railway according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the shaped steel supports and includes horizontal strut and stiffener, all installs horizontal strut on each inside wall of steel sheet pile, and all horizontal struts end to end sets up a stiffener between two horizontal struts that link to each other wantonly, and arbitrary stiffener forms the tripod structure with two horizontal strut that link to each other.
7. The method for supporting the excavation of the foundation pit of the bridge bearing platform adjacent to the existing railway according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the steel sheet pile is a domestic Larsen IV type steel sheet pile.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202210521717.5A CN114808997B (en) | 2022-05-13 | Excavation supporting method for foundation pit of bridge bearing platform close to existing railway |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202210521717.5A CN114808997B (en) | 2022-05-13 | Excavation supporting method for foundation pit of bridge bearing platform close to existing railway |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN114808997A true CN114808997A (en) | 2022-07-29 |
| CN114808997B CN114808997B (en) | 2024-07-02 |
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