CN114808456B - 一种具有电热性能的可拉伸锦纶及其制备方法和应用 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明属于聚合物复合功能材料技术领域，具体涉及一种具有电热性能的可拉伸锦纶及其制备方法和应用。该制备方法包括以下步骤：1)将锦纶在苯乙烯‑丁二烯‑苯乙烯嵌段共聚物的溶液中浸泡5‑10分钟，取出后在60‑65℃干燥1‑2h，除去溶剂；2)将步骤1)得到的锦纶再在铁盐的乙醇溶液中浸泡10‑20分钟，取出，负载上催化剂铁；3)将步骤2)得到的锦纶置于含有5‑10mL吡咯的密闭容器中，在60‑70℃反应4‑8h，进行连续气相聚合，反应完后取出洗涤干燥，得到具有电热性能的可拉伸锦纶。本发明得到的锦纶具有可拉伸性、导电性与电加热性，在电加热可拉伸织布领域有良好的应用前景。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于聚合物复合功能材料技术领域，具体涉及一种具有电热性能的可拉伸锦纶及其制备方法和应用。
背景技术
随着人们生活水平的提升，传统衣物由最初的保暖，时尚需求，朝着功能衣物的方向不断发展。各种新型的功能被集成到衣物上，如传感，发光，储能或加热等。其中，可加热衣物在防寒保温，医疗保健等方面有着良好的应用潜力，促进可穿戴加热器件的发展。作为功能衣物的可穿戴可加热器件需要具有柔性可拉伸的性质，目前可拉伸要么将金属材料制成波纹状复合到衣物中，但制备复杂而且成本较高；要么将导电纳米材料与弹性基体复合而得到，但弹性基体多为绝缘材料，导电纳米材料与之复合会降低导电率。因此，迫切需要研发出具有较高导电性，可拉伸性以及优良加热性能的织物。
中国发明专利CN109972388A报道了一种快速电加热石墨烯织物的制备方法，采用石墨烯纤维和银纳米线、金纳米线或铜纳米线替代传统的加热电阻丝，使得加热更加均匀，电阻小，能耗低，并且石墨烯具有更优的柔韧性使得织物的整合性和舒适性得到提升。也有报道先制备石墨烯与聚吡咯的复合材料，然后采用流延法将其涂布在棉织物上，制备石墨烯/聚吡咯电加热织物(合成纤维，2021，50，29)。中国发明专利CN107805865A报道了一种基于碳纳米管纤维的电加热织物，先用浮动催化化学气相沉积法制备碳纳米管纤维，再将多根碳纳米管纤维并束加捻得到多级结构纤维，最后将多级构碳纳米管纤维与普通纺织纤维以及少量金属纤维混纺，得到电加热织物。
发明内容
为解决现有技术的不足，本发明提供了一种具有电热性能的可拉伸锦纶及其制备方法和应用。本发明公开的改性锦纶的制备方法简单，不需要复杂设备，改性锦纶具有可拉伸性、导电性与电加热性，在电加热可拉伸织布领域有良好的应用前景。
本发明所提供的技术方案如下：
一种具有电热性能的可拉伸锦纶的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
1)将锦纶在苯乙烯-丁二烯-苯乙烯嵌段共聚物的溶液中浸泡5-10分钟，取出后在60-65℃干燥1-2h，除去溶剂；
2)将步骤1)得到的锦纶再在铁盐的乙醇溶液中浸泡10-20分钟，取出，负载上催化剂铁；
3)将步骤2)得到的锦纶置于含有5-10mL吡咯的密闭容器中，在60-70℃反应4-8h，进行连续气相聚合，反应完后取出洗涤干燥，得到具有电热性能的可拉伸锦纶。
上述技术方案中：
步骤1)中，在锦纶表面涂敷苯乙烯-丁二烯-苯乙烯嵌段共聚物，增加了锦纶的可拉伸性；
步骤2)中，苯乙烯-丁二烯-苯乙烯嵌段共聚物可吸附铁盐催化剂，有利于聚吡咯在锦纶上有效聚合分布；
步骤3)中，聚吡咯的气相合成避免了后期的溶液后处理；得到的聚吡咯既有导电性，又能在通电时将电能转换为热能，使得锦纶具有导电性与电加热性。
具体的，步骤1)中：所述苯乙烯-丁二烯-苯乙烯嵌段共聚物的溶液中，溶剂为环己烷、二氯乙烷、醋酸乙酯或甲苯中的任意一种或多种的混合，溶液的浓度为1-2wt％。
具体的，步骤2)中：所述铁盐为碱式醋酸铁、对甲苯磺酸铁或氯化铁中的任意一种或多种的混合，铁盐的乙醇溶液的浓度为2-5wt％。
本发明还提供了根据上述制备方法制备得到的具有电热性能的可拉伸锦纶。
本发明还提供了上述具有电热性能的可拉伸锦纶的应用，用于制备可穿戴加热材料，例如电加热可拉伸织物，或用于制备可穿戴加热器件。
具体实施方式
以下对本发明的原理和特征进行描述，所举实施例只用于解释本发明，并非用于限定本发明的范围。
实施例1：
1)将锦纶在浓度为2wt％的苯乙烯-丁二烯-苯乙烯嵌段共聚物的环己烷溶液中浸泡5分钟，取出在60℃干燥1h；
2)将步骤1得到的锦纶再在浓度为3wt％的对甲苯磺酸铁的乙醇溶液中浸泡10分钟，取出；
3)将步骤2得到的锦纶置于含有5mL吡咯的密闭容器中，在65℃反应6h后，取出洗涤干燥，得到具有电热性能的可拉伸锦纶。此改性锦纶的拉伸应变为350％，杨氏模量为4.6MPa，面电阻140Ω/square，接上15V电压通电20分钟后，锦纶表面温度约为39℃。
实施例2：
1)将锦纶在浓度为1wt％苯乙烯-丁二烯-苯乙烯嵌段共聚物的二氯乙烷溶液中浸泡10分钟，取出在65℃干燥1h；
2)将步骤1得到的锦纶再在浓度为5wt％的氯化铁的乙醇溶液中浸泡15分钟，取出；
3)将步骤2得到的锦纶置于含有8mL吡咯的密闭容器中，在60℃反应4h后，取出洗涤干燥，得到具有电热性能的可拉伸锦纶。此改性锦纶的拉伸应变为330％，杨氏模量为4.7MPa，面电阻120Ω/square，接上15V电压通电20分钟后，锦纶表面温度约为41℃。
实施例3：
1)将锦纶在浓度为1.5wt％的苯乙烯-丁二烯-苯乙烯嵌段共聚物的醋酸乙酯溶液中浸泡10分钟，取出在60℃干燥2h；
2)将步骤1得到的锦纶再在浓度为3wt％的碱式醋酸铁的乙醇溶液中浸泡20分钟，取出；
3)将步骤2得到的锦纶置于含有10mL吡咯的密闭容器中，在60℃反应5h后，取出洗涤干燥，得到具有电热性能的可拉伸锦纶。此改性锦纶的拉伸应变为310％，杨氏模量为4.9MPa，面电阻130Ω/square，接上15V电压通电20分钟后，锦纶表面温度约为40℃。
实施例4：
1)将锦纶在浓度为1wt％苯乙烯-丁二烯-苯乙烯嵌段共聚物的甲苯溶液中浸泡6分钟，取出在60℃干燥2h；
2)将步骤1得到的锦纶再在浓度为4wt％的对甲苯磺酸铁的乙醇溶液中浸泡15分钟，取出；
3)将步骤2得到的锦纶置于含有5mL吡咯的密闭容器中，在60℃反应8h后，取出洗涤干燥，得到具有电热性能的可拉伸锦纶。此改性锦纶的拉伸应变为320％，杨氏模量为4.8MPa，面电阻120Ω/square，接上15V电压通电20分钟后，锦纶表面温度约为42℃。
对比例1
1)将锦纶在浓度为3wt％的对甲苯磺酸铁的乙醇溶液中浸泡10分钟，取出；
2)将步骤1得到的锦纶置于含有5mL吡咯的密闭容器中，在65℃反应6h后，取出洗涤干燥，得到具有电热性能的锦纶。此改性锦纶的拉伸应变为240％，杨氏模量为6.6MPa，面电阻145Ω/square，接上15V电压通电20分钟后，锦纶表面温度约为38℃。
从对比例可以看出，由于缺少苯乙烯-丁二烯-苯乙烯嵌段共聚物成分，一方面，锦纶材料的拉升性能显著降低，另一方面，锦纶吸附铁的能力下降，表面的聚吡咯分布的均一性降低，不利于产物将电能转化为热能。
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例，并不用以限制本发明，凡在本发明的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (4)
1.一种具有电热性能的可拉伸锦纶的制备方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
1)将锦纶在苯乙烯-丁二烯-苯乙烯嵌段共聚物的溶液中浸泡5-10分钟，取出后在60-65℃干燥1-2h，除去溶剂；
2)将步骤1)得到的锦纶再在铁盐的乙醇溶液中浸泡10-20分钟，取出，负载上催化剂铁，所述铁盐为碱式醋酸铁、对甲苯磺酸铁或氯化铁中的任意一种或多种的混合，铁盐的乙醇溶液的浓度为2-5wt％；
3)将步骤2)得到的锦纶置于含有5-10mL吡咯的密闭容器中，在60-70℃反应4-8h，进行连续气相聚合，反应完后取出洗涤干燥，得到具有电热性能的可拉伸锦纶。
2.根据权利要求1所述的具有电热性能的可拉伸锦纶的制备方法，其特征在于，步骤1)中：所述苯乙烯-丁二烯-苯乙烯嵌段共聚物的溶液中，溶剂为环己烷、二氯乙烷、醋酸乙酯或甲苯中的任意一种或多种的混合，溶液的浓度为1-2wt％。
3.一种根据权利要求1至2任一所述的制备方法制备得到的具有电热性能的可拉伸锦纶。
4.一种根据权利要求3所述的具有电热性能的可拉伸锦纶的应用，其特征在于：用于制备可穿戴加热材料或可穿戴加热器件。
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