CN114808186B - 一种抗菌纤维、干湿两用抗菌无纺布及制备方法 - Google Patents
一种抗菌纤维、干湿两用抗菌无纺布及制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种抗菌纤维、干湿两用抗菌无纺布及制备方法。按质量百分比0.01~0.1%,将含羟基的纳米金属氧化物分别掺杂到聚乙烯和聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯中,得到皮层和芯层原料,加入到纺丝机的熔体双管道中,经过双螺杆挤出,再经复合喷丝组件喷出,冷却成型卷绕拉伸卷曲定型,得到ES皮芯异质结复合纤维;再采用热风或热轧工艺,得到干湿两用抗菌无纺布。本发明提供的复合纤维具有皮芯微电场界面,利用界面微电场效应,电解环境中的水产生抗菌活性因子,具有快速高效的杀菌效果,同时将其浸泡水后液体也具有高效的杀菌效果,且水中无化学物质析出,安全、环保、节能,适用于干湿两用一次性卫生用品的皮肤接触层。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种利用界面微电场产生抗菌效果的抗菌纤维、干湿两用抗菌无纺布及制备方法。
背景技术
近年来,随着科学技术的进步和人民生活水平的提高,人们的卫生保健意识和安全意识日益增强,由于环境中有害微生物而引起的疾病比较普遍,因此积极开发各种与人们生活密切相关的抗菌材料及抗菌设备成为研究者的研究热点。
抗菌材料的研究在考虑抗菌效果的同时,还要考虑其本身的安全性、生产成本以及使用的便捷性。一般来说抗菌剂分为天然抗菌剂、有机抗菌剂和无机抗菌剂三大类。天然抗菌剂优点是无污染,生物相容性好,但抗菌功能有限,难具有长效广谱抗菌性,不耐高温,不耐洗涤,且需要特殊的提取工艺。有机抗菌剂主要是季铵盐类、苯酚类、脲类和胍类、杂环类以及有机金属化合物,初始杀菌力强、杀菌即效和抗菌广谱性好,价格相对便宜,但化学稳定性差,不耐热,不耐高温,二次产物往往有毒,使用时易迁移,抗菌寿命短。无机抗菌剂因为安全性好,成为新一代理想的抗菌剂,目前主要分三类:一类是含金属离子的无机盐或络合物;第二类是氧化锌、氧化钛为代表的光催化(光触媒)抗菌剂;第三类为异质结复合抗菌剂。从安全性和功效性而言,第三类异质结复合抗菌材料比较有发展前景,弥补了第一类的金属析出的安全问题以及第二类无机抗菌剂对紫外光的依赖,此外异质结复合抗菌材料结构内存在微电场,在一定环境中能够电解环境中的介质成为具有抗菌作用的物质,因此是一种安全的物理抗菌技术。
现有的湿巾纸基本都是无纺布和纯水组成,为了防霉,均需要添加防腐剂,存在化学污染及皮肤过敏问题;而干纸巾一般不具有抗菌消毒效果。因此,需要开发一种自身具有抗菌作用、且能电解水使水也具有抗菌消毒作用的产品。
目前电解产生抗菌消毒剂的方法主要有次氯酸电解水装置,典型的技术有中国发明专利CN112777692A提供的一种高浓度微酸性次氯酸电解水装置及生产方法,其特点是安全性方面优于常规的高浓度次氯酸消毒剂,但最终还是以次氯酸为消毒物质,且需要特有的电解装置才能产生次氯酸水,此外消毒效果的稳定性不高,一般存放3个月显著下降。
发明内容
本发明针对现有技术存在的不足,提供一种具有高效、速效、安全、稳定抗菌效果的抗菌纤维、干湿两用抗菌无纺布及其制备方法,以满足儿童、孕妇及敏感性人群、敏感性部位的使用。
实现本发明目的的技术方案是提供一种抗菌纤维,所述纤维为ES皮芯异质结复合纤维,皮层以聚乙烯(PE)为基材,芯层以聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)为基材,皮层和芯层中分别掺杂质量百分比为0.01~0.1%的含羟基的纳米金属氧化物;皮层与芯层的质量比为1∶1~2。
本发明技术方案还提供一种抗菌纤维的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)以聚乙烯为皮层基材,聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯为芯层基材,按质量百分比0.01~0.1%,将含羟基的纳米金属氧化物分别掺杂到聚乙烯和聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯中,制备得到皮层和芯层原料;
(2) 按质量比1∶1~2,将步骤(1)制备得到皮层和芯层原料分别加入到纺丝机的熔体双管道中,经过双螺杆挤出,再经复合喷丝组件喷出,冷却成型卷绕拉伸卷曲定型, 得到ES皮芯异质结复合纤维。
本发明技术方案包括一种干湿两用抗菌无纺布的制备方法,步骤如下:
(1)以聚乙烯为皮层基材,聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯为芯层基材,按质量百分比为0.01~0.1%,将含羟基的纳米金属氧化物分别掺杂到聚乙烯和聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯中,制备得到皮层和芯层原料;
(2)按质量比1∶1~2,将步骤(1)制备得到皮层和芯层原料分别加入到纺丝机的熔体双管道中,经过双螺杆挤出,再经复合喷丝组件喷出,冷却成型卷绕拉伸卷曲定型, 得到ES皮芯异质结复合纤维;
(3)采用热风或热轧工艺,铺展制备得到一种干湿两用抗菌无纺布。
本发明技术方案还包括按上述制备方法得到的一种干湿两用抗菌无纺布。
本发明所述的纳米金属氧化物为锌、铜、钼、镁、钛金属氧化物中的一种或多种。
本发明提供的异质结材料为ES皮芯复合纤维,皮层为纳米半导体金属硫化物的聚乙烯(PE)材料,芯层为含有纳米半导体金属氧化物的聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)材料,制备得到抗菌无纺布。
本发明的原理是:通过有机高分子材料皮层芯层中掺杂半导体金属化合物形成的异质结作用来电解水制备干湿两用抗菌无纺布,该无纺布可电解环境中的水产生抗菌活性因子,同时浸泡水后液体也可产生快速高效的杀菌效果,且水中无任何其他化学物质析出,不会对人体自身或生态环境产生不良后果,该产品体现出安全、环保、节能的优点,可用于制备干湿两用纸巾盒,也可广泛用于棉柔巾、湿纸巾、尿不湿、隔尿垫、隔乳垫、卫生巾、卫生护垫等一次性卫生用品。
与现有技术相比,本发明的有益效果在于:
1. 本发明通过特殊的织构技术设提供具有皮芯复合纤维的界面,利用界面间的微电场效应,电解环境中的水产生抗菌活性因子,2分钟抗菌达到99%以上,解决了现有抗菌消毒技术含有刺激皮肤的抗菌物质的安全问题。
2. 本发明提供的抗菌无纺布具有良好的吸水性,在干态下利用环境中水分、湿态下利用浸泡的水均可产生抗菌效果,无需特殊制备装置和电能等,无任何其他化学物质析出,不会对人体自身或生态环境产生不良后果,从制备到应用体现出安全、环保、节能的特点,特别适用于儿童、孕妇及敏感性部位和敏感性人群。
附图说明
图1是本发明实施例提供的ES皮芯复合纤维的横截面干湿状态下的显微镜图;
图2是本发明实施例提供的干湿两用抗菌纸巾盒的结构示意图。
图中,1.纸巾盒外壳;2.盒盖连接件;3.盒盖;4.盒盖锁;5.干湿两用抗菌无纺布;6.腔体;7.纯化水储水器;8.纯化水喷头。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和实施例对本发明技术方案作进一步描述。
实施例1
1.制备含羟基的纳米氧化锌
将市售粒径为20~30nm的氧化锌与聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、聚乙二醇、丙三醇按质量比1∶0.1∶0.5∶0.1混合研磨,制得含羟基的纳米氧化锌。
2.制备ES皮芯复合纤维
按质量百分比0.03%将含羟基的纳米氧化锌在切片改性装置中加入到PE材料中制得改性PE材料,作为后续的皮层,将0.03%含羟基的纳米氧化锌在切片改性装置中加入到PET材料中制得改性PET材料,作为后续的芯层;在复合纤维制备装置中,将上述皮层和芯层材料按质量比1∶1.1分别加入到纺丝的熔体管道中,经过双螺杆挤出,再经复合喷丝组件喷出,冷却成型卷绕拉伸卷曲定型, 获得ES皮芯复合纤维。
参见附图1,为本实施例制备的ES皮芯复合纤维在干态和湿态下的横截面显微镜图;A图为干态的复合纤维的横截面显微镜图,B图为经纯水浸泡后烘干的复合纤维的横截面显微镜图;对比结果表明,湿态后的复合纤维皮芯界面明显变大,这是由于电解环境水产生自由氧导致界面增大,因此,本实施例提供的复合纤维利用异质结微电场可产生抗菌活性因子。
实施例2
将实施例1制备的ES皮芯复合纤维,采用热风无纺布加工工艺制备得到ES热风无纺布。
取热风无纺布按质量比1∶30浸泡在去离子水中24小时,经测试,水中无任何其他化学物质,同时,水也具备高效的抗菌效果。
将本实施例制备的无纺布样品及经其浸泡后的水进行抗菌效果检测,其结果参见表1。
表1:
。
本实施例提供的ES复合纤维无纺布浸泡于去离子水中后,对浸泡水的金属溶出测试结果参见表2。
表2:
。
由表1的测试结果表明,热风无纺布2分钟金黄葡萄球菌的抗菌率为99%,大肠杆菌的抗菌率为99%,白色念珠菌的抗菌率为99%。
本实施例提供的采用ES皮芯复合纤维加工的无纺布,可电解环境中的水产生抗菌活性因子,同时浸泡于水后,液体也可产生快速高效的杀菌效果,且水中无任何其他化学物质析出,不会对人体自身或生态环境产生不良后果,产品具有安全、环保、节能的优点,可应用作干湿两用抗菌纸巾,也可用于尿不湿、隔尿垫、隔乳垫、卫生巾、卫生护垫等一次性卫生用品的皮肤接触层。
将本实施例提供的抗菌无纺布裁切成卷绕成合适的尺寸,装入纸巾盒中,用作干湿两用抗菌纸巾。
参见附图2,它是本实施例提供的适用于干湿两用抗菌纸巾的纸巾盒结构示意图;在纸巾盒外壳1的顶部设置盒盖3,通过连接部件2将盒盖与纸巾盒外壳连接在一起,通过设置盒盖锁4以便盒盖的打开与关闭;将用于放置抗菌纸巾5的腔体6和纯化水储水器7设置于纸巾盒外壳的内部,纯化水储水器的顶部设置纯化水喷头8,可采用加压式喷头。打开盒盖锁,可从腔体内直接取出干用抗菌纸巾,也可通过纯化水喷头将纯化水喷洒至纸巾上,得到湿用抗菌纸巾。
实施例3
先制备含羟基的纳米氧化铜,将市售20~30nm的氧化铜与聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、聚乙二醇、丙三醇按质量比1∶0.1∶0.4∶0.2进行混合研磨,制得含羟基的纳米氧化铜。
将0.03%纳米氧化铜在切片改性装置中加入到PE材料中制得皮层PE材料,将0.03%纳米氧化锌在切片改性装置中加入到PET材料中制得改性PET芯层材料;在复合纤维制备中,将上述皮层和芯层材料分别加入到纺丝的熔体管道中,经过双螺杆挤出,再经复合喷丝组件喷出,冷却成型卷绕拉伸卷曲定型, 最后获得ES皮芯复合纤维,利用热轧无纺布加工工艺制备出ES热轧无纺布,测试结果表明,该热轧无纺布2分钟金黄葡萄球菌的抗菌率为99%,大肠杆菌的抗菌率为99%,白色念珠菌的抗菌率为99%,取热轧无纺布按照1∶30的质量比浸泡在去离子水中24小时,测试水中无任何其他化学物质。浸泡水抗菌率均在99%以上。
实施例4
先制备含羟基的纳米氧化钼,将市售30~50nm的氧化钼与聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、聚乙二醇、丙三醇按质量比1∶0.1∶0.4∶0.2进行混合研磨,制得含羟基的纳米氧化钼。
将0.03%含羟基的纳米氧化钼在切片改性装置中加入到PE材料中制得皮层PE材料,将0.03%含羟基的纳米氧化钼在切片改性装置中加入到PET材料中制得改性PET芯层材料;在复合纤维制备中,将上述皮层和芯层材料分别加入到纺丝的熔体管道中,经过双螺杆挤出,再经复合喷丝组件喷出,冷却成型卷绕拉伸卷曲定型, 最后获得ES皮芯复合纤维,利用热轧无纺布加工工艺制备出ES热轧无纺布,测试结果表明,该热轧无纺布2分钟金黄葡萄球菌的抗菌率为99%,大肠杆菌的抗菌率为99%,白色念珠菌的抗菌率为99%,取热轧无纺布按照1∶30的质量比浸泡在去离子水中24小时,测试水中无任何其他化学物质。浸泡水抗菌率均在99%以上。
实施例5
将0.02%实施例4制备的含羟基的纳米氧化钼和0.02%实施例1制备的含羟基的纳米氧化锌在切片改性装置中加入到PE材料中制得皮层PE材料,将0.02%含羟基的纳米氧化钼和0.02%含羟基的纳米氧化锌在切片改性装置中加入到PET材料中制得改性PET芯层材料;在复合纤维制备中,将上述皮层和芯层材料分别加入到纺丝的熔体管道中,经过双螺杆挤出,再经复合喷丝组件喷出,冷却成型卷绕拉伸卷曲定型, 最后获得ES皮芯复合纤维,利用热风无纺布加工工艺制备出ES热风无纺布,测试结果表明,该热风无纺布2分钟金黄葡萄球菌的抗菌率为99%,大肠杆菌的抗菌率为99%,白色念珠菌的抗菌率为99%,取热风无纺布按照1∶30的质量比浸泡在去离子水中24小时,测试水中无任何其他化学物质。浸泡水抗菌率均在99%以上。
Claims (6)
1.一种抗菌纤维,其特征在于:所述纤维为ES皮芯异质结复合纤维,皮层以聚乙烯为基材,芯层以聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯为基材,皮层和芯层中分别掺杂质量百分比为0.01~0.1%的含羟基的纳米金属氧化物;皮层与芯层的质量比为1∶1~2。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种抗菌纤维,其特征在于:纳米金属氧化物为锌、铜、钼、镁、钛金属氧化物中的一种或多种。
3.一种抗菌纤维的制备方法,其特征在于包括如下步骤:
(1)以聚乙烯为皮层基材,聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯为芯层基材,按质量百分比0.01~0.1%,将含羟基的纳米金属氧化物分别掺杂到聚乙烯和聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯中,制备得到皮层和芯层原料;
(2) 按质量比1∶1~2,将步骤(1)制备得到皮层和芯层原料分别加入到纺丝机的熔体双管道中,经过双螺杆挤出,再经复合喷丝组件喷出,冷却成型卷绕拉伸卷曲定型, 得到ES皮芯异质结复合纤维。
4.一种干湿两用抗菌无纺布的制备方法,其特征在于包括如下步骤:
(1)以聚乙烯为皮层基材,聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯为芯层基材,按质量百分比为0.01~0.1%,将含羟基的纳米金属氧化物分别掺杂到聚乙烯和聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯中,制备得到皮层和芯层原料;
(2)按质量比1∶1~2,将步骤(1)制备得到皮层和芯层原料分别加入到纺丝机的熔体双管道中,经过双螺杆挤出,再经复合喷丝组件喷出,冷却成型卷绕拉伸卷曲定型, 得到ES皮芯异质结复合纤维;
(3)采用热风或热轧工艺,铺展制备得到一种干湿两用抗菌无纺布。
5.根据权利要求4所述的一种干湿两用抗菌无纺布的制备方法,其特征在于:纳米金属氧化物为锌、铜、钼、镁、钛金属氧化物中的一种或多种。
6.按权利要求4所述制备方法得到的一种干湿两用抗菌无纺布。
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