CN114793521A - Comprehensive improvement method for facility soil - Google Patents
Comprehensive improvement method for facility soil Download PDFInfo
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- CN114793521A CN114793521A CN202210072815.5A CN202210072815A CN114793521A CN 114793521 A CN114793521 A CN 114793521A CN 202210072815 A CN202210072815 A CN 202210072815A CN 114793521 A CN114793521 A CN 114793521A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K17/00—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials
- C09K17/40—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials containing mixtures of inorganic and organic compounds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K2101/00—Agricultural use
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Soil Conditioners And Soil-Stabilizing Materials (AREA)
Abstract
The application relates to the technical field of saline-alkali soil improvement, in particular to a comprehensive facility soil improvement method, which comprises the following steps: s1, laying a pipeline to connect the drainage channel and the water inlet channel; s2, uniformly spreading the composite soil conditioner on the surface of facility soil to be improved, and then carrying out rotary tillage, wherein the composite soil conditioner is prepared from desulfurized gypsum and mushroom residues; s3, draining ditches are arranged around the facility shed; s4, introducing fresh water into the facility to wash the soil under high pressure; s5, quickly and completely discharging water to an outer drainage channel; s6, introducing fresh water into the facility again; s7, detecting the total salt content of the wet soil, and airing the soil by a facility; s8, applying organic fertilizer to the soil surface, carrying out rotary tillage to fill soil, and carrying out ditching again; s9, preparing soil, making ridges, laying a main water pipe and a drip irrigation capillary pipe, and covering with black mulching film. The improvement method has the advantages of reducing the alkalinity of the soil, reducing the salinity in the soil and saving the production cost.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of saline-alkali soil improvement, in particular to a comprehensive facility soil improvement method.
Background
The soil is an important composition of the geographic environment, is a material foundation of agricultural production, is a basic resource for ecological environment construction, and is closely inseparable with human. However, the unreasonable development and utilization of soil by people causes land degradation and soil quality reduction due to water and soil loss, desertification, salinization, soil pollution and the like. How to effectively improve poor soil and fully utilize limited land resources is a major problem which needs to be urgently solved in agricultural production, ecological construction and environmental protection.
At present, the comprehensive functionality of facility soil improvement is not strong, the cost of raw materials is high, and the product price is also high.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to improve the comprehensive functionality of soil improvement and reduce the cost of raw materials, the application provides a comprehensive improvement method for facility soil.
The comprehensive improvement method for the facility soil provided by the application adopts the following technical scheme:
the comprehensive improvement method for the facility soil is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, digging water inlet channels and water discharge channels at the south and north sides of the shed, separating the two channels, digging water discharge channels around the periphery of the facility, and laying pipelines to connect the water discharge channels and the water inlet channels;
s2, uniformly spreading the composite soil conditioner on the surface of facility soil to be improved, and then carrying out rotary tillage, wherein the composite soil conditioner is prepared from desulfurized gypsum and mushroom residues;
s3, draining ditches are arranged around the facility shed;
s4, introducing fresh water into the facility to wash the soil under high pressure;
s5, digging a drainage ditch to a drainage port, and quickly and completely draining water to an outer drainage channel;
s6, closing the water outlet, and introducing fresh water into the facility again to submerge the facility to a height of 20-30 cm;
s7, detecting the total salt content of the wet soil, wherein the pH value of the soil is required to be less than or equal to 8.5, the total salt content of the soil is required to be less than 0.3%, and the soil is aired by ventilation of facilities;
s8, applying organic fertilizer to the soil surface, carrying out rotary tillage to fill soil, and carrying out ditching again;
s9, preparing soil, making ridges, laying a main water pipe and a drip irrigation capillary pipe, and covering with black mulching film.
By adopting the technical scheme, as the composite soil conditioner is prepared from the mushroom residues and the desulfurized gypsum, the mushroom residues contain rich crude protein, crude fat and nitrogen extract, and also contain mineral substances such as calcium, phosphorus, potassium, silicon and the like; calcium ions in the desulfurized gypsum react with free sodium bicarbonate and sodium carbonate in the soil to generate calcium carbonate or calcium bicarbonate, and the alkalinity of the soil can be reduced after the desulfurized gypsum is added into the soil. When the mushroom residue and the desulfurized gypsum are used cooperatively, the alkalinity of the soil can be reduced, and the salinity in the soil can be reduced.
In addition, by adopting the improvement method, the composite soil conditioner only needs to adopt the mushroom residues and the desulfurized gypsum, and the mushroom residues and the desulfurized gypsum utilize industrial wastes of power plants and mushroom factories, so that the improvement cost is reduced.
Preferably, in S2, the composite soil conditioner is prepared from desulfurized gypsum and mushroom dregs in a mass ratio of 1 (2-4).
Preferably, in S2, the composite soil conditioner is prepared from desulfurized gypsum and mushroom dregs in a mass ratio of 1: 2.
By adopting the technical scheme, the composite soil conditioner prepared from the desulfurized gypsum and the mushroom residues in the mass ratio of 1:2 can reduce the alkalinity of soil and also can reduce the salinity in the soil.
Preferably, the application amount of the composite soil conditioner is 2000-2500 kg/mu.
By adopting the technical scheme, the composite soil conditioner prepared from the desulfurized gypsum and the mushroom residues in the mass ratio of 1 (2-4) is matched with the application amount of 2000-2500 kg/mu, and the salinity and the pH value in the soil can be greatly reduced in practical application.
Preferably, in S2, the application amount of the composite soil improvement agent is 2500 kg/mu.
Preferably, in S4, the fresh water salt content is less than 0.8 ‰.
By adopting the technical scheme, the introduction of salt can be further reduced by controlling the salt content of the fresh water.
Preferably, in S2, the facility soil is rotary-tilled for 2 times with a depth of 20-30 cm.
By adopting the technical scheme, the compound soil conditioner can be fully mixed with soil by rotary tillage twice, and the soil is leveled at the same time.
Preferably, in S7, when the top 2-3cm of soil is dry, the farm tools are raked and the ventilation is turned off.
By adopting the technical scheme, the salt shift caused by water evaporation can be reduced.
Preferably, in S8, the organic fertilizer is decomposed organic fertilizer.
By adopting the technical scheme, the decomposed organic fertilizer contains a large amount of probiotics which can be cooperatively grown with flora in soil after entering the soil, and the probiotics can generate metabolites in growth and metabolism to convert organic matters into nutrient substances for plant growth.
In summary, the present application has the following beneficial effects:
1. because the application adopts the desulfurized gypsum and the mushroom residues as the composite soil conditioner, and the industrial wastes of power plants and mushroom factories are utilized, the improvement cost is greatly reduced.
2. Fresh water with salt content lower than 0.8 per mill is adopted to remove alkali and wash salt, thereby reducing the salt content and pH of the soil.
Detailed Description
The present application will be described in further detail with reference to examples.
In the embodiment of the application, the desulfurized gypsum is purchased from the recovered waste of a power plant; mushroom residues are purchased from recycled wastes of mushroom factories; the organic fertilizer is purchased from fermented sheep manure produced by Kefeng.
Examples
Example 1
The comprehensive improvement method for facility soil disclosed in embodiment 1 comprises the following steps:
s1, excavating water inlet channels and water discharge channels on the south and north sides of the shed, separating the two channels, excavating water discharge channels around the periphery of the facility, laying pipelines to connect the water discharge channels and the water inlet channels, and completely removing sundries such as weeds, stones, broken films and the like on the surface of the facility soil outside the shed;
s2, uniformly spreading the composite soil conditioner on the surface of facility soil to be improved, carrying out rotary tillage for 20cm and 2 times, wherein the composite soil conditioner is prepared from desulfurized gypsum and mushroom residues, the mass ratio of the desulfurized gypsum to the mushroom residues is 1:2, and the application amount of the composite soil conditioner is 2500 kg/mu;
s3, arranging drainage ditches around the facility shed, wherein the width of each ditch is 25cm, the depth of each ditch is not lower than that of a water outlet, the hair ditches are arranged in the east-west direction, and are arranged every 16m, the width of each ditch is 25cm, and the depth of each ditch is 20 cm;
s4, introducing fresh water into the facility to wash the soil under high pressure, submerging the soil to a height of 25cm, and keeping the height of the water layer unchanged for 12 hours;
s5, digging a drainage ditch to a drainage port, and quickly and completely draining water to an outer drainage channel;
s6, closing the water outlet, introducing fresh water into the facility again, submerging the facility to a height of 20cm, keeping the height of the water layer for 72 hours, and draining;
s7, detecting the total salt content of the wet soil, wherein the pH value of the soil is required to be less than or equal to 8.5, the total salt content of the soil is required to be less than 0.3%, and the soil is aired by ventilation of facilities;
s8, applying 2 tons of organic fertilizer to the soil surface, carrying out rotary tillage, burying soil, and ditching again, wherein the interval between furrows is 8m, the width is 25cm, and the depth is 20 cm;
s9, preparing soil, making ridges, laying a main water pipe and a drip irrigation capillary pipe, and covering with black mulching film.
Example 2
The comprehensive improvement method for facility soil disclosed in embodiment 2 comprises the following steps:
s1, excavating water inlet channels and water discharge channels on the south and north sides of the shed, separating the two channels, excavating water discharge channels around the periphery of the facility, laying pipelines to connect the water discharge channels and the water inlet channels, and completely removing sundries such as weeds, stones, broken films and the like on the surface of the facility soil outside the shed;
s2, uniformly spreading the composite soil conditioner on the surface of facility soil to be modified, carrying out rotary tillage for 30cm and 3 times, wherein the composite soil conditioner is prepared from desulfurized gypsum and mushroom residues, the mass ratio of the desulfurized gypsum to the mushroom residues is 1:3, and the application amount of the composite soil conditioner is 2500 kg/mu;
s3, arranging drainage ditches around the facility shed, wherein the width of each ditch is 25cm, the depth of each ditch is not lower than that of a water outlet, the hair ditches are arranged in the east-west direction, and are arranged every 16m, the width of each ditch is 25cm, and the depth of each ditch is 20 cm;
s4, introducing fresh water into the facility to wash the soil under high pressure, submerging the soil to a height of 30cm, and keeping the height of the water layer unchanged for 12 hours;
s5, digging a drainage ditch to a drainage port, and quickly and completely draining water to an outer drainage channel;
s6, closing the water outlet, introducing fresh water into the facility again, submerging the facility to a height of 30cm, keeping the height of the water layer for 72 hours, and draining;
s7, detecting the total salt content of the wet soil, wherein the pH value of the soil is required to be less than or equal to 8.5, the total salt content of the soil is required to be less than 0.3%, and the soil is aired by ventilation of facilities;
s8, applying 2 tons of organic fertilizer to the soil surface, carrying out rotary tillage, burying soil, and ditching again, wherein the interval between furrows is 8m, the width is 25cm, and the depth is 20 cm;
s9, preparing soil, making ridges, laying a main water pipe and a drip irrigation capillary pipe, and covering with black mulching film.
Example 3
The comprehensive improvement method for facility soil disclosed in embodiment 3 comprises the following steps:
s1, excavating water inlet channels and water discharge channels on the south and north sides of the shed, separating the two channels, excavating water discharge channels around the periphery of the facility, laying pipelines to connect the water discharge channels and the water inlet channels, and completely removing sundries such as weeds, stones, broken films and the like on the surface of the facility soil outside the shed;
s2, uniformly spreading the composite soil conditioner on the surface of facility soil to be improved, carrying out rotary tillage for 25cm, and carrying out rotary tillage for 2 times, wherein the composite soil conditioner is prepared from desulfurized gypsum and mushroom residues, the mass ratio of the desulfurized gypsum to the mushroom residues is 1:4, and the application amount of the composite soil conditioner is 2500 kg/mu;
s3, arranging drainage ditches around the facility shed, wherein the width of each ditch is 25cm, the depth of each ditch is not lower than that of a water outlet, the hair ditches are arranged in the east-west direction, and are arranged every 16m, the width of each ditch is 25cm, and the depth of each ditch is 20 cm;
s4, introducing fresh water into the facility to wash the soil under high pressure, submerging the soil to a height of 27cm, and keeping the height of the water layer unchanged for 12 hours;
s5, digging a drainage ditch to a drainage port, and quickly and completely draining water to an outer drainage channel;
s6, closing the water outlet, introducing fresh water into the facility again, submerging the facility to a height of 25cm, keeping the height of the water layer for 72 hours, and draining;
s7, detecting the total salt content of the wet soil, wherein the pH value of the soil is required to be less than or equal to 8.5, the total salt content of the soil is required to be less than 0.3%, and the soil is aired by ventilation of facilities;
s8, applying 5 tons of organic fertilizer to the soil surface, carrying out rotary tillage, burying soil, and ditching again, wherein the interval between furrows is 8m, the width is 25cm, and the depth is 20 cm;
s9, preparing soil, making ridges, laying a main water pipe and a drip irrigation capillary pipe, and covering with black mulching film.
Example 4
The comprehensive improvement method for facility soil disclosed in embodiment 4 comprises the following steps:
s1, excavating water inlet channels and water discharge channels on the south and north sides of the shed, separating the two channels, excavating water discharge channels around the periphery of the facility, laying pipelines to connect the water discharge channels and the water inlet channels, and completely removing sundries such as weeds, stones, broken films and the like on the surface of the facility soil outside the shed;
s2, uniformly spreading the composite soil conditioner on the surface of facility soil to be improved, carrying out rotary tillage for 20cm and 2 times, wherein the composite soil conditioner is prepared from desulfurized gypsum and mushroom residues, the mass ratio of the desulfurized gypsum to the mushroom residues is 1:1, and the application amount of the composite soil conditioner is 2500 kg/mu;
s3, arranging drainage ditches around the facility shed, wherein the ditches are 25cm wide and not less deep than a water outlet, and the hair ditches are arranged in the east-west direction at intervals of 16m, 25cm wide and 20cm deep;
s4, introducing fresh water into the facility to wash the soil under high pressure, submerging the soil to a height of 25cm, and keeping the height of the water layer unchanged for 12 hours;
s5, digging a drainage ditch to a drainage port, and quickly and completely draining water to an outer drainage channel;
s6, closing the water outlet, introducing fresh water into the facility again, submerging the facility to a height of 20cm, keeping the height of the water layer for 72 hours, and draining;
s7, detecting the total salt content of the wet soil, wherein the pH value of the soil is required to be less than or equal to 8.5, the total salt content of the soil is required to be less than 0.3%, and the soil is aired by ventilation of facilities;
s8, applying 2 tons of organic fertilizer to the soil surface, carrying out rotary tillage, burying soil, and ditching again, wherein the interval between furrows is 8m, the width is 25cm, and the depth is 20 cm;
s9, preparing soil, making ridges, laying a main water pipe and a drip irrigation capillary pipe, and covering with black mulching film.
Example 5
The difference from the example 1 is that in the S2, the composite soil conditioner is prepared from desulfurized gypsum and mushroom dregs, and the mass ratio of the desulfurized gypsum to the mushroom dregs is 1: 5.
Example 6
The difference from the example 1 is that in S2, the application amount of the composite soil conditioner is 2000 kg/mu.
Example 7
The difference from the example 1 is that in S2, the application amount of the composite soil conditioner is 2200 kg/mu.
Example 8
The difference from the example 1 is that in S2, the application amount of the composite soil improvement agent is 1500 kg/mu.
Example 9
The difference from example 1 is that in S2, the application amount of the compound soil conditioner is 2700 kg/mu.
Comparative example
Comparative example 1
The difference from example 1 is that in S2, the composite soil conditioner does not include desulfurized gypsum.
Comparative example 2
The difference from example 1 is that the composite soil conditioner does not include mushroom dregs in S2.
Comparative example 3
The difference from the embodiment 1 is that the composite soil conditioner also comprises a soil loosening agent, fulvic acid, desulfurized gypsum, mushroom residue, the soil loosening agent and the fulvic acid in a mass ratio of 1:2:2: 1.
Performance test
A piece of facility soil was selected, divided into 13 areas at random, and improved by the improvement methods of examples 1 to 10 and comparative examples 1 to 3, respectively. And respectively measuring the pH value, the alkalization degree and the total salt of the soil layers of 0-20cm of the facility soil before and after improvement. The results are shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1 test results Table
From examples 1 to 5, the ratio of mushroom dregs to desulfurized gypsum had a great influence on soil improvement. When the mass ratio of the desulfurized gypsum to the mushroom slag is 1: when the content is in the range of (2) to (4), the alkalinity of the soil can be reduced and the salinity of the soil can be reduced. When the mass ratio of the mushroom residue to the desulfurized gypsum is 1:2, the soil improvement effect is best. When the mass ratio of the mushroom residue to the desulfurized gypsum is 1:1, the improvement effect of the pH value and the alkalization degree of the soil are reduced. When the mass ratio of the mushroom residue to the desulfurized gypsum is 1:5, the improvement effect of the pH value and the alkalization degree of the soil is similar to that of the embodiment 3.
From example 1 and examples 6 to 9, it can be seen that the application amount of the composite soil improvement agent has a great effect on soil improvement, and when the application amount of the composite soil improvement agent is 2500 kg/mu of 2000-. When the application amount of the composite soil conditioner is reduced, the soil improvement effect is correspondingly poor, but when the application amount of the composite soil conditioner is further increased, the improvement effect is slightly reduced, and the cost is increased.
As can be seen from examples 1 to 9 and comparative example 1, the mushroom dregs used alone not only reduced the effect of improving the pH and alkalization of the soil, but also reduced the effect of improving the total salt content of the soil.
It can be seen from examples 1 to 9 and comparative example 2 that the effect of improving the total salt is reduced and the effect of improving the pH and the alkalization degree of the soil is also reduced when the desulfurized gypsum is used alone. Therefore, the mushroom residue and the desulfurized gypsum are used in a composite way to synergistically improve the improvement effect on the pH value and the alkalization degree of the soil and the improvement effect on the total salt of the soil.
The soil conditioner obtained in examples 1 to 9 and comparative example 3 has a reduced effect of improving total salt and a reduced effect of improving the pH and the alkalization degree of soil after adding various components for compounding.
Therefore, the method is adopted according to the following steps of 1: (2-4) the composite soil conditioner obtained by compounding has better improvement effects of total salt, pH value and alkalization degree of soil.
This specific example is only for the explanation of the application of the composite soil conditioner, and it is not a limitation of the application, and those skilled in the art can make modifications of this example without any inventive contribution as required after reading the present specification, but all of them are protected by the patent laws within the scope of the claims of this application.
Claims (9)
1. The comprehensive improvement method for the facility soil is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, excavating water inlet channels and water discharge channels on the south and north sides of the shed, separating the two channels, excavating water discharge channels around the periphery of the facility, and paving pipelines to connect the water discharge channels and the water inlet channels;
s2, uniformly spreading the composite soil conditioner on the surface of facility soil to be improved, and then carrying out rotary tillage, wherein the composite soil conditioner is prepared from desulfurized gypsum and mushroom residues;
s3, draining ditches are arranged around the facility shed;
s4, introducing fresh water into the facility to wash the soil under high pressure;
s5, digging a drainage ditch to a drainage port, and quickly and completely draining water to an outer drainage channel;
s6, closing the water outlet, and introducing fresh water into the facility again to submerge the facility to a height of 20-30 cm;
s7, detecting the total salt content of the wet soil, wherein the pH value of the soil is required to be less than or equal to 8.5, the total salt content of the soil is required to be less than 0.3%, and the soil is aired by ventilation of facilities;
s8, applying organic fertilizer to the soil surface, carrying out rotary tillage to fill soil, and carrying out ditching again;
s9, preparing soil, making ridges, laying a main water pipe and a drip irrigation capillary pipe, and covering with black mulching film.
2. The comprehensive facility soil improvement method according to claim 1, wherein in S2, the composite soil conditioner is prepared from desulfurized gypsum and mushroom dregs in a mass ratio of 1 (2-4).
3. The comprehensive improvement method for facility soil according to claim 1 or 3, wherein in S2, the composite soil conditioner is prepared from desulfurized gypsum and mushroom dregs in a mass ratio of 1: 2.
4. The method for comprehensively improving facility soil according to claim 1, wherein in S2, the application amount of the composite soil conditioner is 2000-2500 kg/mu.
5. The facility soil integrated improvement method according to claim 1 or 4, wherein the application amount of the compound soil conditioner in S2 is 2500 kg/mu.
6. The comprehensive facility soil improvement method according to claim 1, wherein in S4, the fresh water salt content is less than 0.8% o.
7. The method for improving facility soil as claimed in claim 1, wherein in S2, the facility soil is rotary-tilled for 2 times at a length of 20 to 30 cm.
8. The facility soil integrated improvement method according to claim 1, wherein in S7, when the top layer 2 to 3cm of soil is dry, raking is performed, and ventilation is turned off.
9. The comprehensive facility soil improvement method according to claim 1, wherein in S8, the organic fertilizer is decomposed organic fertilizer.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202210072815.5A CN114793521A (en) | 2022-01-21 | 2022-01-21 | Comprehensive improvement method for facility soil |
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