CN114750482A - 一种气凝胶玻璃 - Google Patents
一种气凝胶玻璃 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
一种气凝胶玻璃,通过合片工艺制成,其包括玻璃层、热塑性膜和气凝胶膜片,所述气凝胶膜片夹设于所述热塑性膜之间,所述热塑性膜位于所述气凝胶膜片和所述玻璃层之间,所述气凝胶膜片为可弯曲膜片。本发明的气凝胶玻璃通过由合片工艺压制一体的玻璃层、热塑性膜和气凝胶膜片,制成了具有超强隔热性能的玻璃,实现了使车内冬暖夏凉。本发明的气凝胶玻璃由柔软可弯曲且能够调节透光性能的气凝胶膜片制成,可满足汽车内不同场景、不同厚度和不同透光率的玻璃设计。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种气凝胶玻璃。
背景技术
随着汽车的电动化不断发展,里程焦虑越来越受重视,一方面,车内空调会消耗大量电力,大幅降低汽车续航能力;另一方面,随着天窗玻璃的尺寸被设计得越来越大,太阳光更容易透过天窗玻璃辐射到车内,一部分太阳能直接穿透玻璃,辐射到车内,另一部分太阳能被玻璃吸收后引起玻璃发烫,玻璃在散热过程中还会二次辐射至车内,造成车内温度进一步升高,夏季太阳底下暴晒的密闭车厢内的温度更是能够高达70~80℃,造成车内乘客不适。因此提升天窗玻璃隔热性能的呼声愈发高涨。
目前在汽车玻璃行业,主要采用镀膜和lowE(低辐射玻璃)等技术降低玻璃透光率,但难以在此基础上突破技术局限。气凝胶,又被称为“固态烟”或“冻烟”,是目前已知最轻的固体材料,具有非常好的隔热效果,一寸厚的气凝胶能够起到相当于20至30块普通玻璃的隔热功效。由于气凝胶坚硬且易碎,因此若要将气凝胶应用于汽车用玻璃内,往往需要通过在两片玻璃中间填充气凝胶颗粒,将气凝胶夹在两片玻璃中间制成类似中空玻璃的结构。然而此种工艺难以制造出应用于汽车内外饰中常用的弯曲玻璃和夹层玻璃,如前挡、门窗、后挡和天窗等,也难以控制玻璃厚薄,生产成本较高。
发明内容
有鉴于此,本发明提供了一种具备更优强度、厚度和弯曲性能的气凝胶玻璃。
本发明的气凝胶玻璃通过合片工艺制成,其包括玻璃层、热塑性膜和气凝胶膜片,所述气凝胶膜片夹设于所述热塑性膜之间,所述热塑性膜位于所述气凝胶膜片和所述玻璃层之间,所述气凝胶膜片为可弯曲膜片。
进一步地,所述气凝胶膜片包括保护层和气凝胶隔热层,所述气凝胶隔热层位于所述保护层之间,所述保护层位于所述气凝胶隔热层与所述热塑性膜之间。
进一步地,所述气凝胶膜片的壁厚均匀。
进一步地,所述气凝胶膜片的壁厚不均匀。
进一步地,所述保护层的壁厚均匀,所述气凝胶隔热层的壁厚自其一端向另一端逐渐减小。
进一步地,所述热塑性膜的尺寸大于所述气凝胶膜片的尺寸,所述热塑性膜的中部与所述气凝胶膜片的两个相对面接触,所述热塑性膜的边缘凸伸出所述气凝胶膜片,且相对其中部弯折后向所述气凝胶膜片的方向凸伸,将所述气凝胶膜片包裹在两片热塑性膜之间。
进一步地,所述热塑性膜的尺寸等于所述气凝胶膜片的尺寸,所述热塑性膜与所述气凝胶膜片的两个相对面接触。
进一步地,所述气凝胶膜片的光线透过率为0~95%。
进一步地,所述热塑性膜至少由聚乙烯醇缩丁醛类薄膜或醋酸乙烯共聚物薄膜中的一种或多种制成。
进一步地,所述气凝胶隔热层至少由二氧化硅、氧化铝、氧化锆、氮化硼和碳中的一种或多种以及丁醇类、硼酸类和氰胺类化学物质中的一种或多种制成,所述保护层至少由聚对苯二甲酸类塑料膜、聚酯类膜、有机玻璃和无机玻璃中的一种或多种制成。
本发明的气凝胶玻璃通过由合片工艺压制一体的玻璃层、热塑性膜和气凝胶膜片,制成了具有超强隔热性能的玻璃,实现了使车内冬暖夏凉。本发明的气凝胶玻璃由柔软可弯曲且能够调节透光性能的气凝胶膜片制成,可满足汽车内不同场景、不同厚度和不同透光率的玻璃设计。
上述说明仅是本发明技术方案的概述,为了能够更清楚了解本发明的技术手段,而可依照说明书的内容予以实施,并且为了让本发明的上述和其他目的、特征和优点能够更明显易懂,以下特举较佳实施例,并配合附图,详细说明如下。
附图说明
图1为本发明提供的气凝胶玻璃的第一实施例的示意图。
图2为本发明提供的气凝胶玻璃的第二实施例的示意图。
图3为本发明提供的气凝胶玻璃的第三实施例的示意图。
图4为本发明中的气凝胶膜片的第一实施例的示意图。
图5为本发明中的气凝胶膜片的第二实施例的示意图。
具体实施方式
为更进一步阐述本发明为达成预定发明目的所采取的技术手段及功效,以下结合附图及较佳实施例,对本发明详细说明如下。
请参阅图1,本发明的气凝胶玻璃通过合片工艺制成,其包括玻璃层1、热塑性膜2和气凝胶膜片3,玻璃层1由有机玻璃和无机玻璃的其中之一制成,热塑性膜2为制造时用于融化粘合玻璃层1和气凝胶膜片3的薄膜,气凝胶膜片3为含有气凝胶粒或气凝胶块体的隔热膜片,气凝胶膜片3夹设于热塑性膜2之间,玻璃层1覆盖于热塑性膜2外,本发明的气凝胶玻璃的最外层为玻璃层1。
具体地,合片工艺指将玻璃层1、热塑性膜2和气凝胶膜片3一层一层叠加之后,在高压炉内加热加压的环境下将热塑性膜2融化,将玻璃层1、热塑性膜2和气凝胶膜片3熔接一体。由合片工艺制成的气凝胶玻璃总体厚度较轻薄且强度较高,热塑性膜2至少由聚乙烯醇缩丁醛类薄膜或醋酸乙烯共聚物薄膜中的一种或多种制成,气凝胶膜片3本身可以弯曲,方便制成各类汽车内外饰所需的弯曲玻璃。在本实施例中,气凝胶膜片3的壁厚为0.3mm~10mm,热塑性膜2的壁厚为0.3mm~6mm。
在本发明的气凝胶玻璃的第一实施例中,玻璃层1从两个相对侧(图中的左右两侧)夹住热塑性膜2。热塑性膜2的尺寸大于气凝胶膜片3的尺寸,其中部从气凝胶膜片3的两个相对侧(图中的左右两侧)夹住气凝胶膜片3,与气凝胶膜片3的两个相对面接触,热塑性膜2的边缘(图中的上缘和下缘,但并不限于气凝胶膜片3的上缘和下缘)凸伸出气凝胶膜片3,且相对其中部弯折后向气凝胶膜片3的方向凸伸,使气凝胶膜片3两侧的热塑性膜2相互接触。在本实施例中,热塑性膜2的截面大致呈带直角的U型,两个热塑性膜2的开口相对,将气凝胶膜片3包裹在其中,并且,气凝胶膜片3边缘被热塑性膜2完整包覆,热塑性膜2分隔气凝胶膜片3与玻璃层1,隔绝气凝胶膜片3与玻璃层1的接触。在另一类似的实施例中,气凝胶膜片3边缘附有与热塑性膜2的成分相近的注塑料TPV,使气凝胶膜片3两侧的热塑性膜2连接为一体,从而从外侧封住气凝胶膜片3,隔绝气凝胶膜片3与玻璃层1的接触,同时具有相对较高的整体强度。
请一并参阅图2,在本发明气凝胶玻璃的第二实施例中,玻璃层1从两个相对侧(图中的左右两侧)夹住热塑性膜2,热塑性膜2的尺寸与气凝胶膜片3的尺寸相等,热塑性膜2从两个相对侧(图中的左右两侧)夹住气凝胶膜片3,气凝胶膜片3的边缘(图中的上缘和下缘,但并不限于气凝胶膜片3的上缘和下缘)处没有覆盖热塑性膜2,使气凝胶膜片2的边缘相对热塑性膜2裸露,如此,使第二实施例中的气凝胶膜片3具有相对第一实施例中的气凝胶膜片3有更大的弯曲空间和相对较低的强度,单位面积内的气凝胶膜片3覆盖面积也较大,适用于制成曲率更大的弯曲玻璃。
请一并参阅图3,在本发明气凝胶玻璃的第三实施例中,共包括两层第二实施例所述的气凝胶玻璃,且该两层气凝胶玻璃共用中部的玻璃层1,即,该实施例的气凝胶玻璃共包括三个玻璃层1。在每层气凝胶玻璃中,玻璃层1从两个相对侧(图中的左右两侧)夹住热塑性膜2,热塑性膜2的尺寸与气凝胶膜片3的尺寸相等,热塑性膜2从气凝胶膜片3的两个相对侧(图中的左右两侧)夹住气凝胶膜片3,气凝胶膜片3的边缘(图中的上缘和下缘,但并不限于气凝胶膜片3的上缘和下缘)处没有覆盖热塑性膜2,使气凝胶膜片2的边缘相对热塑性膜2露出。如此,本实施例通过双层气凝胶玻璃的设置,增加了气凝胶玻璃的厚度,进一步强化了隔热效果和整体刚度,可根据实际需求选用。
可以理解地,在本发明的其它实施例中,气凝胶玻璃还可以包括两层以上第二实施例所述的气凝胶玻璃,相邻层的气凝胶玻璃共用中部的玻璃层1。在本发明的另外一些实施例中,气凝胶玻璃还可以包括两层或两层以上第一实施例所述的气凝胶玻璃,相邻层的气凝胶玻璃共用中部的玻璃层1。这些气凝胶玻璃同样可以具有更好的隔热效果和整体刚度,可根据实际需求选用。
进一步地,请一并参阅图4至图5,本发明实施例中的气凝胶膜片3包括保护层31和气凝胶隔热层32,保护层31包覆于气凝胶隔热层32外,用于隔离气凝胶隔热层32与热塑性膜2,保护层31至少由聚对苯二甲酸类塑料膜、聚酯类膜、有机玻璃和无机玻璃中的一种或多种制成,气凝胶隔热层32至少由二氧化硅、氧化铝、氧化锆、氮化硼和碳中的一种或多种以及丁醇类、硼酸类和氰胺类化学物质中的一种或多种制成。
进一步地,本发明实施例中的气凝胶膜片3的光线透过率为0~95%,在生产本发明的气凝胶隔热层32时,能够通过调节保护层31的组分进一步调节光线透过率,也能够通过不同颜色的保护层31制成包括具有透明膜、白色、渐变膜、灰膜或黑膜的透光能力的气凝胶膜片3,使本发明的气凝胶玻璃能够在光线透过率方面满足前挡、门窗、后挡和天窗的等多种不同透光率需求,适用于多种内外饰。
进一步地,本发明实施例中的气凝胶膜片3的壁厚可以是均匀的,也可以是不均匀的,当气凝胶膜片3的壁厚不均匀时,气凝胶膜片3的壁厚可以连续不均等或处处不均等,在本发明的其它实施例中,气凝胶膜片3可以包括壁厚均匀段落和壁厚不均匀段落,它们能够以交替或连续设置的方式连接在一起,如此,能够制成曲率不一且厚度不一的玻璃,应用范围极广。
在图4所示的气凝胶膜片的第一实施例中,气凝胶膜片3的壁厚均匀,也即气凝胶隔热层32和保护层31的壁厚都是均匀、处处相等的,从而使气凝胶膜片3具有稳定的形状和隔热功效。
在图5所示的气凝胶膜片的第二实施例中,气凝胶膜片3的壁厚是连续不均等的,其中,保护层31的壁厚是均匀的,但气凝胶隔热层32的壁厚自其一端向另一端逐渐减小,图中所示为由上而下逐渐缩小,这种实施例适用于弯曲或有特殊厚度需求的玻璃。
综上,本发明的气凝胶玻璃通过由合片工艺压制成一体的玻璃层、热塑性膜和气凝胶膜片,制成了具有超强隔热性能的玻璃,实现了使车内冬暖夏凉的效果。本发明的气凝胶玻璃由柔软可弯曲且能够调节透光性能的气凝胶膜片制成,可满足汽车内不同场景、不同厚度和不同透光率的玻璃设计。
以上,仅是本发明的较佳实施例而已,并非对本发明作任何形式上的限制,虽然本发明已以较佳实施例揭露如上,然而并非用以限定本发明,任何熟悉本专业的技术人员,在不脱离本发明技术方案范围内,当可利用上述揭示的技术内容作出些许更动或修饰为等同变化的等效实施例,但凡是未脱离本发明技术方案内容,依据本发明的技术实质对以上实施例所作的任何简单修改、等同变化与修饰,均仍属于本发明技术方案的范围内。
Claims (10)
1.一种气凝胶玻璃,其特征在于:所述气凝胶玻璃通过合片工艺制成,所述气凝胶玻璃包括玻璃层(1)、热塑性膜(2)和气凝胶膜片(3),所述气凝胶膜片(3)夹设于所述热塑性膜(2)之间,所述热塑性膜(2)位于所述气凝胶膜片(3)和所述玻璃层(1)之间,所述气凝胶膜片(3)为可弯曲膜片。
2.根据权利要求1所述的气凝胶玻璃,其特征在于:所述气凝胶膜片(3)包括保护层(31)和气凝胶隔热层(32),所述气凝胶隔热层(32)位于所述保护层(31)之间,所述保护层(31)位于所述气凝胶隔热层(32)与所述热塑性膜(2)之间。
3.根据权利要求2所述的气凝胶玻璃,其特征在于:所述气凝胶膜片(3)的壁厚均匀。
4.根据权利要求2所述的气凝胶玻璃,其特征在于:所述气凝胶膜片(3)的壁厚不均匀。
5.根据权利要求2所述的气凝胶玻璃,其特征在于:所述保护层(31)的壁厚均匀,所述气凝胶隔热层(32)的壁厚自其一端向另一端逐渐减小。
6.根据权利要求1所述的气凝胶玻璃,其特征在于:所述热塑性膜(2)的尺寸大于所述气凝胶膜片(3)的尺寸,所述热塑性膜(2)的中部与所述气凝胶膜片(3)的两个相对面接触,所述热塑性膜(2)的边缘凸伸出所述气凝胶膜片(3),且相对其中部弯折后向所述气凝胶膜片(3)的方向凸伸,将所述气凝胶膜片(3)包裹在两片热塑性膜(2)之间。
7.根据权利要求1所述的气凝胶玻璃,其特征在于:所述热塑性膜(2)的尺寸等于所述气凝胶膜片(3)的尺寸,所述热塑性膜(2)与所述气凝胶膜片(3)的两个相对面接触。
8.根据权利要求1-7中任一项所述的气凝胶玻璃,其特征在于:所述气凝胶膜片(3)的光线透过率为0~95%。
9.根据权利要求1-7中任一项所述的气凝胶玻璃,其特征在于:所述热塑性膜(2)至少由聚乙烯醇缩丁醛类薄膜或醋酸乙烯共聚物薄膜中的一种或多种制成。
10.根据权利要求2-5中任一项所述的气凝胶玻璃,其特征在于:所述气凝胶隔热层(32)至少由二氧化硅、氧化铝、氧化锆、氮化硼和碳中的一种或多种以及丁醇类、硼酸类和氰胺类化学物质中的一种或多种制成,所述保护层(31)至少由聚对苯二甲酸类塑料膜、聚酯类膜、有机玻璃和无机玻璃中的一种或多种制成。
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