CN114736045A - Mineral source biological soil conditioner for saline-alkali soil and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Mineral source biological soil conditioner for saline-alkali soil and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 44
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 33
- 239000003516 soil conditioner Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims description 17
- 238000000855 fermentation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 115
- 230000004151 fermentation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 115
- 239000002068 microbial inoculum Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- -1 corncobs Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 229920001661 Chitosan Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 229940072056 alginate Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 229920000615 alginic acid Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 235000010443 alginic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 229920001542 oligosaccharide Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000010802 sludge Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 235000001674 Agaricus brunnescens Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 150000001413 amino acids Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 7
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- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 30
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- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims description 27
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 23
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 20
- 230000001580 bacterial effect Effects 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000011081 inoculation Methods 0.000 claims description 19
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- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000001888 Peptone Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 108010080698 Peptones Proteins 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 claims description 10
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- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 9
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 7
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- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 6
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- 235000015278 beef Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- VILCJCGEZXAXTO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,2-tetramine Chemical compound NCCNCCNCCN VILCJCGEZXAXTO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 241000235349 Ascomycota Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 241000228212 Aspergillus Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 241000193830 Bacillus <bacterium> Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 241000588914 Enterobacter Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 241000187747 Streptomyces Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 241000223230 Trichosporon Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007605 air drying Methods 0.000 claims description 3
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- 239000002270 dispersing agent Substances 0.000 claims description 3
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- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
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- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 claims description 3
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- 230000003381 solubilizing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
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- 229960001124 trientine Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000013638 trimer Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- FHVDTGUDJYJELY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6-{[2-carboxy-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(phosphanyloxy)oxan-3-yl]oxy}-4,5-dihydroxy-3-phosphanyloxane-2-carboxylic acid Chemical compound O1C(C(O)=O)C(P)C(O)C(O)C1OC1C(C(O)=O)OC(OP)C(O)C1O FHVDTGUDJYJELY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000002482 oligosaccharides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 7
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 244000025254 Cannabis sativa Species 0.000 abstract description 2
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 2
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 2
- 244000000010 microbial pathogen Species 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000003071 parasitic effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000000813 microbial effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 4
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- 241000238631 Hexapoda Species 0.000 description 2
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- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000002028 Biomass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 1
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- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000011033 desalting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000002467 phosphate group Chemical group [H]OP(=O)(O[H])O[*] 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05C—NITROGENOUS FERTILISERS
- C05C9/00—Fertilisers containing urea or urea compounds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
- C05F17/20—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation using specific microorganisms or substances, e.g. enzymes, for activating or stimulating the treatment
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
- C05F17/50—Treatments combining two or more different biological or biochemical treatments, e.g. anaerobic and aerobic treatment or vermicomposting and aerobic treatment
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
- C05F17/80—Separation, elimination or disposal of harmful substances during the treatment
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/60—Biocides or preservatives, e.g. disinfectants, pesticides or herbicides; Pest repellants or attractants
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
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- Tropical Medicine & Parasitology (AREA)
- Plant Pathology (AREA)
- Soil Conditioners And Soil-Stabilizing Materials (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a mineral source biological soil conditioner for saline-alkali soil, which comprises raw materials of mushroom bran, activated sludge, corncobs, cellulose degradation microbial inoculum, a first functional microbial inoculum, a second functional microbial inoculum, chitosan, alginate oligosaccharides, amino acid powder, urea and the like, wherein when the mineral source biological soil conditioner is prepared, the mushroom bran and the activated sludge are firstly crushed and uniformly mixed, and the moisture content is adjusted to obtain a basic matrix; then, the corncobs are sequentially cleaned, dried, crushed and sieved to obtain corncob powder, and then the organic matrix and the cellulose degradation microbial inoculum are added into the basic matrix, and the mixture is directly piled up for fermentation after being uniformly stirred. Has the advantages that: the fermentation temperature can be further increased, so that the fermentation is more sufficient. The temperature of the stack is raised for a plurality of times, grass seeds, parasitic ova and pathogenic microorganisms can be thoroughly killed, the microbial inoculum used for fermentation can achieve the effect of decomposing the substrate, and has the functions of dissolving phosphorus, potassium and the like, changing nutrient components and accelerating the structural transformation of the nutrient components.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of soil conditioners, in particular to a mineral source biological soil conditioner for saline-alkali soil and a preparation method thereof.
Background
Saline-alkali soil is a general term for various salinized soil and alkaline soil. Saline-alkali soil is one of the serious ecological environment problems faced by global agriculture nowadays, which causes serious influence on agricultural sustainable development, and how to properly solve the problem of soil salinization is a difficult task. Because the soil body contains a large amount of saline-alkali components and has poor physicochemical properties, the growth of plants is inhibited and even can not grow. The saline-alkali soil is widely distributed in China, wherein the northwest, the north China, the northeast and the coastal areas are main distribution areas of the saline-alkali soil in China, are influenced by factors such as regional climate, terrain, mother material, hydrogeology, biology and the like, have various types, and have the characteristics of obvious seasonality, strong apparent aggregation, higher heterogeneity, type complexity, salt accumulation and desalting repeatability and the like
The saline-alkali soil is improved by biological measures in the traditional sense, namely the saline-alkali soil is improved by plants, the method is easy to implement, and the economic benefit is obvious. The biological measures can gradually change the physical characteristics of the soil, so that the soil structure is changed, the texture becomes loose, and the air permeability and water storage capacity are enhanced. However, the current saline-alkali soil conditioner has single function, unobvious improvement effect and unstable effect.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems in the prior art and provides a mineral source biological soil conditioner for saline-alkali soil and a preparation method thereof.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme: an ore source biological soil conditioner for saline-alkali soil comprises the following raw materials: the microbial inoculum comprises mushroom bran, activated sludge, corncobs, cellulose degradation microbial inoculum, a first functional microbial inoculum, a second functional microbial inoculum, chitosan, alginate oligosaccharides, amino acid powder and urea; the mass percentage concentration of the chitosan is 0.05-0.1%, and the mass percentage concentration of the alginate oligosaccharide is 0.05-0.1%.
The preparation method of the mineral source biological soil conditioner for the saline-alkali soil comprises the following steps:
s1, crushing and uniformly mixing 20-40 parts of mushroom bran and 60-100 parts of activated sludge, and adjusting the water content to 60% -65% to obtain a basic matrix;
s2, sequentially cleaning, drying, crushing and sieving 100-150 parts of corncobs to obtain corncob powder with the particle size of less than or equal to 2000 microns;
s3, adding an organic substrate and 0.1-1 part of cellulose degradation microbial inoculum into the basic substrate, stirring uniformly, directly stacking for first fermentation, wherein the fermentation time of the fermentation stage is 12-16 days, adding one third of corncob powder every 3-4 days, stirring uniformly, continuing fermentation, and monitoring the change curve of the fermentation temperature along with time, wherein the fermentation temperature is 15-60 ℃;
s4, when the corncob powder is added for the last time in the step S3 and the change curve begins to decline, respectively adding 0.1-1 part of a first functional microbial inoculum and pyroligneous liquor, turning and stirring uniformly, and then performing secondary fermentation, wherein the fermentation time in the fermentation stage is 6-10 days, the fermentation temperature is 55-68 ℃, and the change curve of the fermentation temperature along with the time is monitored;
s5, when the change curve of the step S4 begins to decline, respectively adding 0.1-1 part of a second functional microbial inoculum, chitosan and alginate oligosaccharides, turning and stirring uniformly, and then performing third fermentation, wherein the fermentation time in the fermentation stage is 4-7 days, the fermentation temperature is 57-65 ℃, and the change curve of the fermentation temperature along with the time is monitored;
and S6, when the fermentation temperature in the step S5 is reduced to 15-25 ℃, turning, stirring, adding amino acid powder and urea, stirring uniformly again, and drying to obtain the soil conditioner granular fertilizer.
According to the preparation method of the mineral source biological soil conditioner for the saline-alkali soil, the pH value of the activated sludge is 5.85-6.75, the water content is 83.4-85.67%, the volatile component content is 63.91-74.47%, the Cd content is 100-218.35 mg/kg, the Cu content is 67.98-298.92 mg/kg, the Zn content is 360.02-834.87 mg/kg, the Pb content is 77.91-795.39 mg/kg, and the organic substrate is peat, lignite or weathered coal; the cellulose degradation bacteria agent comprises cellulose degradation fungi and cellulose degradation bacteria, the cellulose degradation fungi comprise Ascomycetes, Aspergillus and Trichosporon, and the cellulose degradation bacteria comprise Bacillus, Streptomyces and Enterobacter.
According to the preparation method of the mineral source biological soil conditioner for the saline-alkali soil, the first functional microbial agent is a phosphate solubilizing microbial agent, and the second functional microbial agent is a paecilomyces lilacinus microcapsule suspending agent.
In the preparation method of the mineral source biological soil conditioner for the saline-alkali soil, the phosphate-solubilizing bacterium agent is prepared by inoculating phosphate-solubilizing potassium-solubilizing bacteria into a culture medium twice to obtain a bacterium liquid, and the first inoculation is to inoculate the phosphate-solubilizing potassium-solubilizing bacteria into a solid culture medium and culture the bacteria liquid for 25 to 30 hours at 37 to 40 ℃ to obtain bacterial colonies;
the second inoculation is to inoculate the bacterial colony in a liquid culture medium, and the bacterial colony is cultured for 25-30 hours at 37-40 ℃ and at a shaking speed of 200-240 r/min to obtain the bacterial liquid;
and loading the bacterial liquid on the biochar, separating to obtain a precipitate, and air-drying the precipitate to obtain the microbial liquid.
According to the preparation method of the mineral source biological soil conditioner for the saline-alkali soil, a solid culture medium used for the first inoculation comprises 1-2 parts by weight of beef extract, 2-3 parts by weight of sodium chloride, 8-12 parts by weight of agar, 4-6 parts by weight of peptone and deionized water; wherein the pH value of the solid culture medium is 7.0-7.2; the liquid culture medium used for the second inoculation comprises 8-12 g/L of peptone, 4-6 g/L of yeast powder, 8-12 g/L of sodium chloride and deionized water; wherein the pH value of the liquid culture medium is 7.0-7.4.
According to the preparation method of the mineral source biological soil conditioner for the saline-alkali soil, the paecilomyces lilacinus fermentation liquor is obtained through liquid submerged fermentation, the bacteria content in the fermentation liquor is 20-40 hundred million/mL, and the conditions of the liquid submerged fermentation are as follows:
taking a seed culture in the middle and later logarithmic growth period, transferring the seed culture into a fermentation tank filled with a fermentation culture medium in an inoculation amount of 5-8% (V/V), keeping the tank temperature at 22-28 ℃, the tank pressure at 0.1-1.0 kg/cm2, stirring at a speed of 100-200 rpm, ventilation at 1: 0.5-0.8, and fermenting for 70-85 hours;
obtaining concentrated bacterial liquid through centrifugation, wherein the concentration of the concentrated bacterial liquid is 150-300 hundred million/mL, collecting supernatant for later use, then mixing the concentrated liquid with TDI trimer, sequentially adding solvent oil and dispersant, adding an acid-base regulator, regulating the pH value to 5.5-8.5, uniformly stirring to obtain an oil phase, mixing the supernatant with an emulsifier and triethylene tetramine to obtain a water phase, pouring the oil phase into the water phase under a shearing condition, wherein the shearing rate is 2000-3000 r/min, and the shearing time is 5 min.
Adding an organic substrate and 0.2-0.6 part of cellulose degradation microbial inoculum into a basic substrate in the third step, stirring uniformly, directly stacking for carrying out first fermentation, wherein the fermentation time in the fermentation stage is 12 days, adding one third of corncob powder every 3 days, stirring uniformly, continuing fermentation, and monitoring the change curve of the fermentation temperature along with the time, wherein the fermentation temperature is 35-50 ℃;
s4, when the corncob powder is added for the last time in the step S3 and the change curve begins to decline, respectively adding 0.2-0.6 part of a first functional microbial inoculum and pyroligneous liquor, turning and uniformly stirring, and then performing secondary fermentation, wherein the fermentation time in the fermentation stage is 9 days, the fermentation temperature is 55-68 ℃, and the change curve of the fermentation temperature along with the time is monitored;
and S5, when the change curve of the step S4 begins to decline, respectively adding 0.2-0.6 part of second functional microbial inoculum, chitosan and alginate-derived oligosaccharide, turning and stirring uniformly, and then performing third fermentation, wherein the fermentation time in the fermentation stage is 7 days, the fermentation temperature is 57-65 ℃, and the change curve of the fermentation temperature along with the time is monitored.
According to the preparation method of the mineral source biological soil conditioner for the saline-alkali soil, a solid culture medium used for the first inoculation comprises 3-8 parts by weight of beef extract, 2-5 parts by weight of sodium chloride, 7-10 parts by weight of agar, 4-6 parts by weight of peptone and deionized water; wherein the pH value of the solid culture medium is 7.0-7.2; the liquid culture medium used for the second inoculation comprises 10-16 g/L of peptone, 2-4 g/L of yeast powder, 7-11 g/L of sodium chloride and deionized water; wherein the pH value of the liquid culture medium is 7.0-7.4.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that: 1. (ii) a 2.
Detailed Description
The following examples are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.
Examples
An ore source biological soil conditioner for saline-alkali soil comprises the following raw materials: the microbial inoculum comprises mushroom bran, activated sludge, corncobs, cellulose degradation microbial inoculum, a first functional microbial inoculum, a second functional microbial inoculum, chitosan, alginate oligosaccharides, amino acid powder and urea; the mass percentage concentration of the chitosan is 0.05-0.1%, and the mass percentage concentration of the alginate oligosaccharide is 0.05-0.1%.
A method for preparing a mineral source biological soil conditioner for saline-alkali soil comprises the following steps:
s1, crushing and uniformly mixing 20-40 parts of mushroom bran and 60-100 parts of activated sludge, and adjusting the water content to 60% -65% to obtain a basic matrix;
s2, sequentially cleaning, drying, crushing and sieving 100-150 parts of corncobs to obtain corncob powder with the particle size of less than or equal to 2000 microns;
s3, adding an organic substrate and 0.1-1 part of cellulose degradation microbial inoculum into the basic substrate, stirring uniformly, directly stacking for first fermentation, wherein the fermentation time of the fermentation stage is 12-16 days, adding one third of corncob powder every 3-4 days, stirring uniformly, continuing fermentation, and monitoring the change curve of the fermentation temperature along with time, wherein the fermentation temperature is 15-60 ℃; the cellulose degradation microbial inoculum and a fermentation substrate are uniformly mixed and piled for fermentation, in the first fermentation process, the temperature of the pile is rapidly increased, lignocellulose substances in the substrate are rapidly degraded, and biomass resources in the substrate are fully utilized;
s4, when the corncob powder is added for the last time in the step S3 and the change curve begins to decline, respectively adding 0.1-1 part of a first functional microbial inoculum and pyroligneous liquor, turning and stirring uniformly, and then performing secondary fermentation, wherein the fermentation time in the fermentation stage is 6-10 days, the fermentation temperature is 55-68 ℃, and the change curve of the fermentation temperature along with the time is monitored;
s5, when the change curve of the step S4 begins to decline, 0.1-1 part of a second functional microbial inoculum, chitosan and alginate oligosaccharides are respectively added, the stack is turned over and uniformly stirred, then the third fermentation is carried out, the fermentation time in the fermentation stage is 4-7 days, the fermentation temperature is 57-65 ℃, the change curve of the fermentation temperature along with the time is monitored, when the temperature of the stack begins to decline, the first functional microbial inoculum and wood vinegar liquid are used for carrying out second fermentation on the stack, the microbial inoculum is mainly used for further decomposing the substrate in the stage, meanwhile, the added microbial inoculum can enable the soil conditioner to have the growth promoting effect, the wood vinegar liquid can play the growth promoting effect, and the peculiar smell in the fermentation process can be eliminated; when the temperature of the stack body begins to decrease again, adding a second functional microbial inoculum, chitosan and alginate oligosaccharides, and performing tertiary fermentation by matching with turning and stirring;
and S6, when the fermentation temperature in the step S5 is reduced to 15-25 ℃, turning, stirring, adding the amino acid powder and the urea, stirring uniformly again, and drying to obtain the soil conditioner granular fertilizer.
The pH value of the activated sludge is 5.85-6.75, the water content is 83.4-85.67%, the volatile component content is 63.91-74.47%, the Cd content is 100-218.35 mg/kg, the Cu content is 67.98-298.92 mg/kg, the Zn content is 360.02-834.87 mg/kg, the Pb content is 77.91-795.39 mg/kg, and the organic substrate is selected from peat, lignite or weathered coal; the cellulose degradation bacteria agent comprises cellulose degradation fungi and cellulose degradation bacteria, the cellulose degradation fungi comprise Ascomycetes, Aspergillus and Trichosporon, and the cellulose degradation bacteria comprise Bacillus, Streptomyces and Enterobacter.
The first functional microbial inoculum is a phosphate solubilizing microbial inoculum, and the second functional microbial inoculum is a paecilomyces lilacinus microcapsule suspending agent.
During preparation of the phosphate-solubilizing bacteria agent, phosphate-solubilizing potassium-solubilizing bacteria are inoculated into a culture medium twice to obtain a bacteria liquid, wherein the first inoculation is to inoculate the phosphate-solubilizing potassium-solubilizing bacteria into a solid culture medium and culture the phosphate-solubilizing potassium-solubilizing bacteria for 25-30 hours at 37-40 ℃ to obtain bacterial colonies;
the second inoculation is to inoculate the bacterial colony in a liquid culture medium, and the bacterial colony is cultured for 25-30 hours at 37-40 ℃ and at a shaking speed of 200-240 r/min to obtain the bacterial liquid;
and loading the bacterial liquid on the biochar, separating to obtain a precipitate, and air-drying the precipitate to obtain the microbial liquid.
The solid culture medium used for the first inoculation comprises 1-2 parts by weight of beef extract, 2-3 parts by weight of sodium chloride, 8-12 parts by weight of agar, 4-6 parts by weight of peptone and deionized water; wherein the pH value of the solid culture medium is 7.0-7.2; the liquid culture medium used for the second inoculation comprises 8-12 g/L of peptone, 4-6 g/L of yeast powder, 8-12 g/L of sodium chloride and deionized water; wherein the pH value of the liquid culture medium is 7.0-7.4.
Obtaining paecilomyces lilacinus fermentation liquor through liquid submerged fermentation, wherein the bacteria content in the fermentation liquor is 20-40 hundred million/mL, and the conditions of the liquid submerged fermentation are as follows:
taking a seed culture in the middle and later logarithmic growth period, transferring the seed culture into a fermentation tank filled with a fermentation culture medium in an inoculation amount of 5-8% (V/V), keeping the tank temperature at 22-28 ℃, the tank pressure at 0.1-1.0 kg/cm2, stirring at a speed of 100-200 rpm, ventilation at 1: 0.5-0.8, and fermenting for 70-85 hours;
obtaining concentrated bacterial liquid through centrifugation, wherein the concentration of the concentrated bacterial liquid is 150-300 hundred million/mL, collecting supernatant for later use, then mixing the concentrated liquid with TDI trimer, sequentially adding solvent oil and dispersant, adding an acid-base regulator, regulating the pH value to 5.5-8.5, uniformly stirring to obtain an oil phase, mixing the supernatant with an emulsifier and triethylene tetramine to obtain a water phase, pouring the oil phase into the water phase under a shearing condition, wherein the shearing rate is 2000-3000 r/min, and the shearing time is 5 min.
According to the mineral source biological soil conditioner for the saline-alkali soil and the preparation method thereof, provided by the invention, the substrate fermentation is carried out in three stages, so that the fermentation temperature can be further increased, and the fermentation is more sufficient. The temperature of the stack is raised for a plurality of times, grass seeds, parasitic ova and pathogenic microorganisms can be thoroughly killed, and the microbial inoculum used for fermentation can not only achieve the effect of thoroughly decomposing the substrate, but also has the effects of dissolving phosphorus, potassium and the like to change the nutritional ingredients and accelerate the structural transformation of the nutritional ingredients; after the soil conditioner is applied, the microbial inoculum also has the effects of increasing the utilization efficiency of soil nutrient elements and improving soil quality; the functional microbial inoculum has the functions of promoting plant growth, resisting nematodes and the like, and the chitosan, the alginate oligosaccharides and the wood vinegar can also promote plant growth to a certain extent and have the functions of resisting insects and the like; the fermentation process is simple to operate and low in cost, and can promote comprehensive utilization of waste substrates;
the invention also provides a soil conditioner, and the soil conditioner prepared by the preparation method has the effects of increasing the utilization efficiency of soil nutrient elements and improving soil quality after being applied, also has the functions of promoting growth, resisting insects and the like, and is economic and environment-friendly.
Claims (9)
1. The mineral source biological soil conditioner for the saline-alkali soil is characterized by comprising the following raw materials: the microbial inoculum comprises mushroom bran, activated sludge, corncobs, cellulose degradation microbial inoculum, a first functional microbial inoculum, a second functional microbial inoculum, chitosan, alginate oligosaccharides, amino acid powder and urea; the mass percentage concentration of the chitosan is 0.05-0.1%, and the mass percentage concentration of the alginate oligosaccharide is 0.05-0.1%.
2. The method for preparing the mineral biological soil conditioner for the saline-alkali soil according to claim 1 is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, crushing and uniformly mixing 20-40 parts of mushroom bran and 60-100 parts of activated sludge, and adjusting the water content to 60% -65% to obtain a basic matrix;
s2, sequentially cleaning, drying, crushing and sieving 100-150 parts of corncobs to obtain corncob powder with the particle size of less than or equal to 2000 microns;
s3, adding an organic substrate and 0.1-1 part of cellulose degradation microbial inoculum into the basic substrate, stirring uniformly, directly stacking for first fermentation, wherein the fermentation time of the fermentation stage is 12-16 days, adding one third of corncob powder every 3-4 days, stirring uniformly, continuing fermentation, and monitoring the change curve of the fermentation temperature along with time, wherein the fermentation temperature is 15-60 ℃;
s4, when the corncob powder is added for the last time in the step S3 and the change curve begins to decline, respectively adding 0.1-1 part of a first functional microbial inoculum and pyroligneous liquor, turning and stirring uniformly, and then performing secondary fermentation, wherein the fermentation time in the fermentation stage is 6-10 days, the fermentation temperature is 55-68 ℃, and the change curve of the fermentation temperature along with the time is monitored;
s5, when the change curve of the step S4 begins to decline, respectively adding 0.1-1 part of a second functional microbial inoculum, chitosan and alginate oligosaccharides, turning and stirring uniformly, and then performing third fermentation, wherein the fermentation time in the fermentation stage is 4-7 days, the fermentation temperature is 57-65 ℃, and the change curve of the fermentation temperature along with the time is monitored;
and S6, when the fermentation temperature in the step S5 is reduced to 15-25 ℃, turning, stirring, adding the amino acid powder and the urea, stirring uniformly again, and drying to obtain the soil conditioner granular fertilizer.
3. The method for preparing the mineral-sourced biological soil improver for the saline-alkali soil according to claim 2, wherein the pH of the activated sludge is 5.85-6.75, the water content is 83.4-85.67%, the volatile content is 63.91-74.47%, the Cd content is 100-218.35 mg/kg, the Cu content is 67.98-298.92 mg/kg, the Zn content is 360.02-834.87 mg/kg, the Pb content is 77.91-795.39 mg/kg, and the organic substrate is selected from peat, lignite or weathered coal; the cellulose degradation bacteria agent comprises cellulose degradation fungi and cellulose degradation bacteria, the cellulose degradation fungi comprise Ascomycetes, Aspergillus and Trichosporon, and the cellulose degradation bacteria comprise Bacillus, Streptomyces and Enterobacter.
4. The method for preparing the mineral biological soil conditioner for the saline-alkali soil according to claim 2, wherein the first functional microbial inoculum is a phosphate solubilizing microbial inoculum, and the second functional microbial inoculum is a paecilomyces lilacinus microcapsule suspending agent.
5. The preparation method of the mineral-sourced biological soil improver for the saline-alkali soil as claimed in claim 4, wherein the phosphate-solubilizing bacterium agent is prepared by inoculating phosphate-solubilizing potassium-solubilizing bacteria to a culture medium twice to obtain a bacterium solution, wherein the first inoculation is to inoculate the phosphate-solubilizing potassium-solubilizing bacteria to a solid culture medium and culture the bacteria at 37-40 ℃ for 25-30 h to obtain a bacterium colony;
the second inoculation is to inoculate the bacterial colony in a liquid culture medium, and the bacterial colony is cultured for 25-30 hours at 37-40 ℃ and at a shaking speed of 200-240 r/min to obtain the bacterial liquid;
and (3) loading the bacterial liquid on the biochar, separating to obtain a precipitate, and air-drying the precipitate to obtain the microbial inoculum.
6. The method for preparing the mineral-derived biological soil conditioner for the saline-alkali soil according to claim 5, wherein the solid culture medium used for the first inoculation comprises 1-2 parts by weight of beef extract, 2-3 parts by weight of sodium chloride, 8-12 parts by weight of agar, 4-6 parts by weight of peptone and deionized water; wherein the pH value of the solid culture medium is 7.0-7.2; the liquid culture medium used for the second inoculation comprises 8-12 g/L of peptone, 4-6 g/L of yeast powder, 8-12 g/L of sodium chloride and deionized water; wherein the pH value of the liquid culture medium is 7.0-7.4.
7. The preparation method of the mineral-sourced biological soil conditioner for saline-alkali soil as claimed in claim 4, wherein a Paecilomyces lilacinus fermentation broth is obtained through liquid submerged fermentation, the bacteria content in the fermentation broth is 20-40 hundred million/mL, and the conditions of the liquid submerged fermentation are as follows:
taking a seed culture in the middle and later logarithmic growth period, transferring the seed culture into a fermentation tank filled with a fermentation culture medium in an inoculation amount of 5-8% (V/V), keeping the tank temperature at 22-28 ℃, the tank pressure at 0.1-1.0 kg/cm2, stirring at a speed of 100-200 rpm, ventilation at 1: 0.5-0.8, and fermenting for 70-85 hours;
obtaining concentrated bacterial liquid through centrifugation, wherein the concentration of the concentrated bacterial liquid is 150-300 hundred million/mL, collecting supernatant for later use, then mixing the concentrated liquid with TDI trimer, sequentially adding solvent oil and dispersant, adding an acid-base regulator, regulating the pH value to 5.5-8.5, uniformly stirring to obtain an oil phase, mixing the supernatant with an emulsifier and triethylene tetramine to obtain a water phase, pouring the oil phase into the water phase under a shearing condition, wherein the shearing rate is 2000-3000 r/min, and the shearing time is 5 min.
8. The preparation method of the mineral-sourced biological soil conditioner for the saline-alkali soil according to claim 2, characterized in that in the third step, the organic substrate and 0.2-0.6 part of cellulose-degrading bacteria agent are added into the basic substrate, the mixture is stirred uniformly and then directly piled up for the first fermentation, the fermentation time in the fermentation stage is 12 days, one third of corncob powder is added every 3 days, the mixture is stirred uniformly and then continuously fermented, the fermentation temperature is 35-50 ℃, and the change curve of the fermentation temperature along with the time is monitored;
s4, when the corncob powder is added for the last time in the step S3 and the change curve begins to decline, respectively adding 0.2-0.6 part of a first functional microbial inoculum and pyroligneous liquor, turning and uniformly stirring, and then performing secondary fermentation, wherein the fermentation time in the fermentation stage is 9 days, the fermentation temperature is 55-68 ℃, and the change curve of the fermentation temperature along with the time is monitored;
and S5, when the change curve of the step S4 begins to decline, respectively adding 0.2-0.6 part of second functional microbial inoculum, chitosan and alginate-derived oligosaccharide, turning and stirring uniformly, and then performing third fermentation, wherein the fermentation time in the fermentation stage is 7 days, the fermentation temperature is 57-65 ℃, and the change curve of the fermentation temperature along with the time is monitored.
9. The method for preparing the mineral-derived biological soil conditioner for the saline-alkali soil according to claim 5, wherein the solid culture medium used for the first inoculation comprises 3-8 parts by weight of beef extract, 2-5 parts by weight of sodium chloride, 7-10 parts by weight of agar, 4-6 parts by weight of peptone and deionized water; wherein the pH value of the solid culture medium is 7.0-7.2; the liquid culture medium used for the second inoculation comprises 10-16 g/L of peptone, 2-4 g/L of yeast powder, 7-11 g/L of sodium chloride and deionized water; wherein the pH value of the liquid culture medium is 7.0-7.4.
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| CN106281338A (en) * | 2016-08-08 | 2017-01-04 | 新疆天物生态科技股份有限公司 | A kind of biotype saline-alkali soil conditioner and preparation method thereof |
| CN107011050A (en) * | 2017-04-20 | 2017-08-04 | 内蒙古民族大学 | A kind of charcoal base dissolving phosphor and dissolving potassium bacterial manure and preparation method thereof |
| CN110330977A (en) * | 2019-01-16 | 2019-10-15 | 陕西省微生物研究所 | A kind of preparation method and soil conditioner of soil conditioner |
| CN111362766A (en) * | 2020-03-20 | 2020-07-03 | 崔孟飞 | Organic conditioner for saline-alkali soil improvement |
| CN112704083A (en) * | 2021-03-25 | 2021-04-27 | 北京启高生物科技有限公司 | Paecilomyces lilacinus microcapsule suspending agent and preparation method thereof |
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Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106281338A (en) * | 2016-08-08 | 2017-01-04 | 新疆天物生态科技股份有限公司 | A kind of biotype saline-alkali soil conditioner and preparation method thereof |
| CN107011050A (en) * | 2017-04-20 | 2017-08-04 | 内蒙古民族大学 | A kind of charcoal base dissolving phosphor and dissolving potassium bacterial manure and preparation method thereof |
| CN110330977A (en) * | 2019-01-16 | 2019-10-15 | 陕西省微生物研究所 | A kind of preparation method and soil conditioner of soil conditioner |
| CN111362766A (en) * | 2020-03-20 | 2020-07-03 | 崔孟飞 | Organic conditioner for saline-alkali soil improvement |
| CN112704083A (en) * | 2021-03-25 | 2021-04-27 | 北京启高生物科技有限公司 | Paecilomyces lilacinus microcapsule suspending agent and preparation method thereof |
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