CN1147291C - 用于口服制剂的含有藻酸的肠溶包衣 - Google Patents
用于口服制剂的含有藻酸的肠溶包衣Info
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- CN1147291C CN1147291C CNB971959986A CN97195998A CN1147291C CN 1147291 C CN1147291 C CN 1147291C CN B971959986 A CNB971959986 A CN B971959986A CN 97195998 A CN97195998 A CN 97195998A CN 1147291 C CN1147291 C CN 1147291C
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- oral formulations
- alginic acid
- enteric coating
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- coating
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- 239000013543 active substance Substances 0.000 description 9
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- 229920003134 Eudragit® polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- VVQNEPGJFQJSBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl methacrylate Chemical compound COC(=O)C(C)=C VVQNEPGJFQJSBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
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- IPCSVZSSVZVIGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexadecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O IPCSVZSSVZVIGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000968 intestinal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCC(C)CCCCCCCCC(O)=O OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
- A61K9/20—Pills, tablets, discs, rods
- A61K9/28—Dragees; Coated pills or tablets, e.g. with film or compression coating
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
- A61K9/48—Preparations in capsules, e.g. of gelatin, of chocolate
- A61K9/4891—Coated capsules; Multilayered drug free capsule shells
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L29/00—Foods or foodstuffs containing additives; Preparation or treatment thereof
- A23L29/065—Microorganisms
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K47/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
- A61K47/30—Macromolecular organic or inorganic compounds, e.g. inorganic polyphosphates
- A61K47/36—Polysaccharides; Derivatives thereof, e.g. gums, starch, alginate, dextrin, hyaluronic acid, chitosan, inulin, agar or pectin
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
- A61K9/20—Pills, tablets, discs, rods
- A61K9/28—Dragees; Coated pills or tablets, e.g. with film or compression coating
- A61K9/2806—Coating materials
- A61K9/2833—Organic macromolecular compounds
- A61K9/286—Polysaccharides, e.g. gums; Cyclodextrin
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Abstract
在口服产品上形成肠溶包衣的含有藻酸颗粒和粘合剂液体混合物的组合物,和在此基础上具有肠溶包衣的口服制剂。
Description
本发明涉及在口服制剂上形成肠溶包衣的组合物,如片剂、胶囊或丸剂形式的制剂。
肠溶包衣意指防止在胃中对所含活性物质产生不利影响的包衣。
例如,肠溶包衣用于
(1)防止胃液与活性物质产生反应或破坏活性物质,
(2)防止活性物质在到达肠之前被稀释,
(3)确保活性物质在制剂通过胃之后才释放,和
(4)防止制剂中所含有的活细菌因胃中的低pH值而被杀死。
肠溶包衣也用于避免口服制剂中所含有的物质对胃粘膜产生刺激或损伤,抵制或防止在胃中形成或释放具有令人不快气味或味道的物质。最后,此包衣可用于防止摄入口服制剂时的恶心或呕吐。
由一层或多层脂肪酸,如硬脂酸和棕榈酸、蜡、虫胶和/或乙酸邻苯二甲酸纤维素制成肠溶包衣是已知的。
已知的肠溶包衣组合物形成时需要使用丙酮或含氯化合物形式的有机溶剂的肠溶包衣组合物有实质性缺陷。
关于乙酸邻苯二甲酸纤维素,还要求它们一定不能用于包衣食料和食品添加剂,因为在EU未被批准在食料中使用,参见“Fortegnelseover tils&tnings-stoffer til levenedmidler”,Positivlisten,Levnedsmiddl-styrelsen,1995年12月,公开号231,ISSN0903-9783,ISSN0108-1667。
另一已知的包衣组分是丙烯酸树脂,其可以商标为Eudragit的商品买到,但是,该包衣组分通常也未被批准用于形成食料包衣。
日本专利公开号05-32543披露了肠溶包衣的胶囊,其由含药物的内容物和壳组成,该内容物和壳包括具体的物质,如分散在含基质材料的琼脂中的藻酸。该内容物和壳是通过将具体物质和含材料的琼脂的混合物加热到约100℃,然后冷却该混合物,再将该混合物通过铸模转变成胶囊而制备的。
US-A-4 661 162披露了肠溶组合物,其包括肠溶聚合物,如羧甲基乙基纤维素及多阴离子聚合物,如藻酸,其可溶于呀渗透到pH值小于或等于2的液体中。
现已惊奇地发现一种已知的物质(已被批准用作食料添加剂)与粘合剂混合时可用于在口服制剂上形成有效的包衣材料。
因此,通过在片剂、胶囊丸剂等形式的制剂上形成藻酸颗粒和粘合剂的液体混合物层来进行,获得耐受胃液影响的但在中性或碱性条件下溶解的包衣。这是由于藻酸在酸中是不溶的而在碱性或中性介质中是溶解的,这是因为以本身已知的方式形成藻酸盐。
藻酸和粘合剂混合物中的藻酸颗粒的平均颗粒大小最大为2μm时,获得最好的保护作用,但根据被进行肠溶包衣的制剂的种类,可使用更大或更小的颗粒。
使用大小变化的藻酸颗粒混合物可获得特别好的保护作用。
作为藻酸颗粒的粘合剂,可使用各种各样的治疗和/或滋养可接受的粘合剂。该粘合剂优选溶解在液体介质中,并且可用于药物和食料的粘合剂的例子包括豆角胶、明胶、植物性亲水胶和动物蛋白。
藻酸颗粒和粘合剂的液体混合物优选是含水的,并且水优选超过混合物重量的95%。根据粘合剂、藻酸颗粒的大小和包衣组合物的应用领域,藻酸与粘合剂的比可在宽的有限范围内变化。
一般来说,使用重量比4∶1到0.5∶1的藻酸和粘合剂。
使用藻酸和粘合剂(如豆角胶)的含水混合物时,后者优选溶解在一部分水中,藻酸则在剩余的水中浆化,然后浆状物可任意选择地进行处理如在均化器处理以便获得所需的颗粒大小。最后,混合两部分,并且可任意选择地进行进一步均化以便使藻酸分布在所述的第一部分中。
藻酸和粘合剂的液体混合物也可含有各种添加剂。例如,可使用油(如橄榄油)形式的软化剂和防粘剂如硬脂酸镁和脂肪。
使用本发明的包衣组合物在口服制剂上形成肠溶包衣可通过本身是已知的方法来进行,如在流化床或包衣锅中将藻酸和粘合剂的液体混合物直接喷雾在制剂上。
本发明也涉及具有肠溶包衣的制剂,所述肠溶包衣是使用本发明的包衣组合物制备的。
本发明还涉及制备包衣的口服制剂的方法,其中用本发明的包衣组合物喷雾口服制剂,然后蒸发水。
用本发明肠溶包衣包裹的口服制剂特别适于含有活的有机体,如冻干的细菌。
另外,本发明涉及在含有活的有机体的口服制剂上制备肠溶包衣的方法,该方法不使用毒性有机溶剂,并且温度不超过约30℃。
包衣含有活的有机体(如冻干的细菌)的口服制剂时,细菌不暴露在使其损害或易死亡的外界影响之下是重要的。
因此,在口服制剂上制备肠溶包衣时可避免使用毒性有机溶剂和高温。本发明在口服制剂上制备肠溶包衣时,温度优选不超过约30℃。而且,不使用毒性的有机溶剂。
在本发明方法进一步的实施方案中,用肠溶包衣材料包裹的口服制剂由胶囊组成,优选是明胶胶囊。如果使用胶囊形式的制剂,还可在用肠溶包衣材料包裹之前得到活性物质的柔软制剂,因为制备胶囊时的物理条件不影响活性物质。将活性物质(如冻干形式的细菌)填充在空的胶囊中,相反地活性物质制成片剂或丸剂时,则压片和制丸。
对明胶胶囊进行肠溶包衣是特别有效的。
根据制剂的种类,构成几层肠溶包衣是理想的,其中每一层都通过粘合剂粘合细微粒化的藻酸颗粒来制备。
例如,需制备四层的包衣时,其中的一个中心层是用本发明的包衣组合物制备的。
提供由几个亚层组成的内层也是理想的。类似地,外层也可由几层构成。
参照下列实施例,更详细地描述本发明。
实施例
为了在含有冻干的乳酸菌的明胶胶囊上制备肠溶包衣,采用下列三种包衣组合物:
包衣组合物1
玉米醇溶蛋白F-4000 10%
乙醇96% 79%
纯水 9%
硬脂酸镁 2%
通过下列方法制备包衣组合物1:在乙醇中将玉米醇溶蛋白F-4000制成淤浆,然后混合硬脂酸镁,最后与水搅拌混合。
包衣组合物2
藻酸钠 2.7%
纯水 97%
橄榄油 0.15%
硬脂酸镁 0.15%
通过下列方法制备包衣组合物2:在水中溶解藻酸钠,然后加入橄榄油和硬脂酸镁并通过均化器混合均匀。
包衣组合物3
藻酸 1.5%
豆角胶 0.8%
橄榄油 0.8%
纯水 96.9%
通过下列方法制备包衣组合物3:在38.4份的水中溶解0.8份的豆角胶,然后加入0.8份的橄榄油并用均化器乳化混合物。在58份的水中制备1.5份的藻酸淤浆并用均化器混合均匀,然后加入上述橄榄油乳液,用均化器将混合物混合均匀。
在明胶胶囊上按下表所描述的顺序和条件使用所述的包衣组合物。
表
制备方法 | 包衣组合物 | 液体的量,g | 喷嘴直径 | 喷嘴压力 | 喷雾速度 | 起始温度 | 干燥温度 | 干燥时间,分钟 | 胶囊中水的活性 |
预加热 | 0 | 0 | 30℃,15分钟 | 0.198,制备前 | |||||
预处理 | 乙醇96% | 1500g | 0.8mm | 0.8巴 | 60g/分钟 | 30℃ | 30℃ | 0 | 0.162,制备后 |
第一层 | 12 | 50005000 | 0.8mm1.2mm | 0.8巴 | 60g/分钟 | 30℃ | 30℃ | 15分钟 | 0.218,制备后 |
第二层 | 3 | 5000 | 1.2mm | 0.8巴 | 60g/分钟 | 30℃ | 30℃ | 10分钟 | 0.218,制备后 |
第三层 | 12 | 10001000 | 0.8mm1.2mm | 0.8巴 | 60g/分钟 | 30℃ | 30℃ | 0 | |
第四层 | 1 | 700 | 0.8mm | 0.8巴 | 60g/分钟 | 30℃ | 30℃ | 15分钟 | |
冷却 | 0 | 不超过22℃ | 加热 | 不超过22℃ | 0.209,制备后 |
如上表所示,尽管使用含水的包衣组合物,胶囊中的水活性(通过“Novasina”湿润仪测得的)没有显著增加。这对于许多物质的稳定性和冻干细菌的存活来说是非常重要的。
根据欧洲药典试验制得的胶囊:在欧洲药典的衰变装置中,于37℃下,将6粒胶囊暴露于0.1N盐酸的影响之下2小时,必须显示无溶出或允许成分渗出的破坏的迹象。然后,用pH为6.8的磷酸盐缓冲液代替盐酸。60分钟后,胶囊必须溶解。
膜包衣的胶囊经得起该试验并且在磷酸盐中浸泡18分钟后全部溶解。
出于证明的目的,将本发明肠溶包衣的含有乳酸菌的制剂进行稳定性,即衰变试验,其中是根据欧洲药典第二版,478,1990所述的方法于36-38℃温度下,记录在用0.1N HCL处理两小时前后肠溶包衣胶囊中所包含的微生物的数目。
这些衰变试验的结果显示在下表中。
处理前
样品号 | 每克MRS琼脂在37℃温度,CO2环境中3天时的活的乳酸杆菌的数目 |
1a1b2a2b | 7.0×1075.8×107平均值:6.8×1077.3×1076.9×107 |
样品号 | 每克RCM琼脂在37℃温度,无氧环境中5天时的活的乳酸杆菌的数目 |
1a1b2a2b | 4.0×1083.9×108平均值:4.0×1083.8×1084.4×108 |
处理后
样品号 | 每克MRS琼脂在37℃温度,CO2环境中3天时的活的乳酸杆菌的数目 |
1a1b2a2b | 2.0×1071.4×107平均值:2.7×1073.0×1074.5×107 |
样品号 | 每克RCM琼脂在37℃温度,无氧环境中5天时的活的乳酸杆菌的数目 |
1a1b2a2b | 1.7×1071.5×107平均值:2.0×1072.2×1072.5×107 |
如上述结果所示,酸处理后仅仅使活的微生物略有下降。
Claims (12)
1、在口服制剂上形成肠溶包衣的组合物,其特征在于所述组合物包含大量分散于水性溶液中的藻酸颗粒和少量水溶性粘合剂,其中的粘合剂选自豆角胶、明胶、植物亲水胶和动物蛋白,该藻酸和粘合剂皆是允许作为包衣食物和/或食物添加剂使用的,其中所述藻酸颗粒和粘合剂以4∶1~0.5∶1的重量比存在。
2、权利要求1的组合物,其特征在于藻酸颗粒的平均颗粒大小最大为2μm。
3、权利要求1或2的组合物,其特征在于藻酸颗粒的大小是可变的。
4、一种具有肠溶包衣的口服制剂,其特征在于使用如权利要求1的组合物来制备肠溶包衣。
5、权利要求4的口服制剂,其特征在于含有活的细菌细菌。
6、权利要求5的口服制剂,其特征在于含有冻干的细菌。
7、权利要求4-6任一的口服制剂,其特征在于为片剂、胶囊或丸剂形式。
8、权利要求7的口服制剂,其特征在于为明胶胶囊。
9、制备包衣的口服制剂的方法,其特征在于:用权利要求1的包衣组合物喷雾口服制剂,然后蒸发水。
10、权利要求9的方法,其特征在于口服制剂含活的细菌。
11、权利要求9或10的方法,其特征在于口服制剂是胶囊形式。
12、权利要求11的方法,其特征在于口服制剂是明胶胶囊。
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DK0636/1996 | 1996-06-06 | ||
DK0636/96 | 1996-06-06 | ||
DK63696 | 1996-06-06 |
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US (1) | US6455052B1 (zh) |
EP (1) | EP0952824B1 (zh) |
JP (1) | JP2000514406A (zh) |
KR (1) | KR20000016331A (zh) |
CN (1) | CN1147291C (zh) |
AT (1) | ATE277605T1 (zh) |
AU (1) | AU717817B2 (zh) |
BR (1) | BR9709535A (zh) |
CA (1) | CA2257378C (zh) |
DE (1) | DE69730991T2 (zh) |
IL (1) | IL127378A (zh) |
NO (1) | NO327294B1 (zh) |
NZ (1) | NZ333182A (zh) |
WO (1) | WO1997046224A1 (zh) |
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CN1223573A (zh) | 1999-07-21 |
IL127378A (en) | 2003-07-31 |
EP0952824B1 (en) | 2004-09-29 |
JP2000514406A (ja) | 2000-10-31 |
EP0952824A1 (en) | 1999-11-03 |
IL127378A0 (en) | 1999-10-28 |
ATE277605T1 (de) | 2004-10-15 |
NO985699D0 (no) | 1998-12-04 |
AU3026397A (en) | 1998-01-05 |
NZ333182A (en) | 2000-03-27 |
NO327294B1 (no) | 2009-06-02 |
DE69730991T2 (de) | 2006-02-23 |
NO985699L (no) | 1999-02-08 |
CA2257378C (en) | 2009-04-07 |
AU717817B2 (en) | 2000-04-06 |
WO1997046224A1 (en) | 1997-12-11 |
CA2257378A1 (en) | 1997-12-11 |
BR9709535A (pt) | 2000-01-11 |
KR20000016331A (ko) | 2000-03-25 |
US6455052B1 (en) | 2002-09-24 |
DE69730991D1 (de) | 2004-11-04 |
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