CN114720526B - Rapid evaluation method for cycle performance of lithium iron phosphate material - Google Patents

Rapid evaluation method for cycle performance of lithium iron phosphate material Download PDF

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CN114720526B
CN114720526B CN202210299729.8A CN202210299729A CN114720526B CN 114720526 B CN114720526 B CN 114720526B CN 202210299729 A CN202210299729 A CN 202210299729A CN 114720526 B CN114720526 B CN 114720526B
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rct
battery
iron phosphate
lithium iron
phosphate material
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CN114720526A (en
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居正伟
葛科
王化胜
蒋倩
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Jiangsu Higee Energy Co Ltd
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01NINVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N27/00Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
    • G01N27/26Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating electrochemical variables; by using electrolysis or electrophoresis
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01NINVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N27/00Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
    • G01N27/26Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating electrochemical variables; by using electrolysis or electrophoresis
    • G01N27/28Electrolytic cell components
    • G01N27/30Electrodes, e.g. test electrodes; Half-cells
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01RMEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/36Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
    • G01R31/389Measuring internal impedance, internal conductance or related variables
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00Electrodes
    • H01M4/02Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/36Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
    • H01M4/58Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy; of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
    • H01M4/5825Oxygenated metallic salts or polyanionic structures, e.g. borates, phosphates, silicates, olivines
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10Energy storage using batteries

Abstract

The invention relates to a rapid evaluation method for the cycle performance of a lithium iron phosphate material, which comprises the following steps: (1) Diffusion resistance of half-cell EIS test of lithium iron phosphate and standard lithium iron phosphate to be measured respectively; (2) Comparing the battery to be tested with a standard battery, and circulating the charge transfer impedance increase rate of the negative electrode sheet EIS test after a certain number of times; (3) Judging according to the comparative analysis of the step (1) and the step (2), and if the judgment is impossible, carrying out the next step; (4) And testing and recording the highest temperature of the surface center of the battery to be tested in the circulating process, and judging again according to the result. The rapid evaluation method for the cycling performance of the lithium iron phosphate material can rapidly screen and evaluate the lithium iron phosphate material, shortens the evaluation period of the lithium iron phosphate material, and is simple and easy to operate and realize.

Description

Rapid evaluation method for cycle performance of lithium iron phosphate material
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of lithium ion batteries, and particularly relates to a rapid evaluation method for cycle performance of a lithium iron phosphate material.
Background
The lithium ion battery has the outstanding advantages of high energy density, no memory effect, long cycle life, rapid charge and discharge, less self discharge and the like, and particularly, the lithium iron phosphate battery has long cycle life and safety, is widely applied to the energy storage fields of portable equipment, electric automobiles, aerospace and the like, and has great market demands.
General materials, manufacturing processes, tests and the like can influence the cycle life of the lithium iron phosphate battery, and the lithium iron phosphate is used as a core material of the lithium ion battery, and the quality of the material can influence the cycle performance of the lithium ion battery, so that the lithium iron phosphate serving as a positive electrode material is an important subject for evaluating the high efficiency of the lithium iron phosphate in a limited time.
In the prior art, in the evaluation method for the lithium iron phosphate material, the lithium iron phosphate material is generally used as a positive electrode material to prepare a lithium ion battery, and then a normal-temperature cycle test is carried out, wherein the normal-temperature cycle test is generally as follows: the normal temperature 1C is charged and discharged, the 1-time cycle test requires about 3 hours, and the normal temperature cycle test requires 3000 times of cycle tests, namely about 1 year, to obtain the result of the cycle test. The lithium iron phosphate is evaluated and screened through the cycle performance test result, but the material test time is long, and the whole test period is long.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a rapid evaluation method for the cycle performance of a lithium iron phosphate material, which can rapidly evaluate the cycle performance of the lithium iron phosphate material and is convenient and simple to operate.
The invention solves the problems by adopting the following technical scheme: a rapid evaluation method for the cycle performance of a lithium iron phosphate material comprises the following steps:
(1) Respectively testing electrochemical impedance spectrums EIS of half batteries of a standard lithium iron phosphate material L and a lithium iron phosphate material L-1 to be tested to obtain diffusion impedance of L and L-1, and respectively marking the diffusion impedance as diffusion impedance (L) and diffusion impedance (L-1);
(2) The method comprises the steps of marking a battery prepared from a standard lithium iron phosphate material L as a standard battery B, marking a battery prepared from a to-be-detected lithium iron phosphate material L-1 as a to-be-detected battery B-1, performing normal temperature 1C cycle test on the battery B and the battery B-1, disassembling the battery when the battery is cycled for 100 times and 500 times, taking out a negative plate, assembling a half battery, wherein the negative plates of the battery B and the battery B-1 are respectively marked as N (100) and N-1 (100), the negative plates of the battery B and the battery B-1 are respectively marked as N (500) and N-1 (500), respectively marking the negative plates of the battery B and the battery B-1 for 500 times as N (500) and N-1 (100), performing electrochemical impedance spectrum EIS test on the half battery for both N (100) and N (500) and N-1 (500), and obtaining electric charge transfer internal resistances Rct (N (100)), rct (N-1 (100)).
The battery B-1 to be tested is different from the standard battery B only in that the positive pole lithium iron phosphate material is different, the standard battery B adopts a standard lithium iron phosphate material L with qualified cycle performance, and the positive pole material of the battery B-1 to be tested is the lithium iron phosphate material L-1 to be tested;
(3) Comparing the result of the step (1) with the diffusion impedance (L-1) by comparing the magnitude relation of the diffusion impedance (L);
(4) Calculating the result of the step (2) to obtain the growth rate of the Rct of the standard battery B negative electrode plate and the Rct of the battery B-1 negative electrode plate to be detected, wherein the growth rate of the Rct is respectively the growth rate of the Rct (N), the growth rate of the Rct (N-1), and carrying out comparative analysis;
(5) Judging according to the comparison analysis of the step (3) and the step (4):
if the diffusion resistance (L-1) is less than or equal to the diffusion resistance (L) and the increase rate of Rct (N-1 (500)) is less than or equal to Rct (N (500)), the normal temperature cycle performance of the lithium iron phosphate material L-1 can be judged to be superior or equal to that of the lithium iron phosphate material L;
if the diffusion resistance (L-1) > the diffusion resistance (L) and the increase rate of Rct (N-1 (500)) is greater than Rct (N (500)), it can be judged that the normal temperature cycle performance of the lithium iron phosphate material L-1 is worse than that of the lithium iron phosphate material L;
if the diffusion resistance (L-1) is less than or equal to the diffusion resistance (L), and the increase rate of Rct (N-1 (500)) is more than Rct (N (500)), performing the next step;
if the diffusion resistance (L-1) > the diffusion resistance (L) and the increase rate of Rct (N-1 (500)) is less than or equal to Rct (N (500)), then the next step is performed;
(6) In the circulation process, detecting and recording the temperatures of the surface centers of the standard battery B and the battery B-1 to be detected, wherein the highest temperatures of the surfaces of the standard battery B and the battery B-1 to be detected are respectively marked as T (B) and T (B-1);
(7) Based on the result of step (6), again making a judgment:
the diffusion resistance (L-1) is less than or equal to the diffusion resistance (L), the increase rate of Rct (N-1 (500)) is more than Rct (N (500)), the relation between T (B-1) and 30 ℃ is further compared, if T (B-1) is less than or equal to 30 ℃, the normal temperature cycle performance of the lithium iron phosphate material L-1 is judged to be better than or equal to that of the lithium iron phosphate material L, otherwise if T (B-1) is more than 30 ℃, the normal temperature cycle performance of the lithium iron phosphate material L-1 is judged to be worse than that of the lithium iron phosphate material L;
the diffusion resistance (L-1) > the diffusion resistance (L), and the increase rate of Rct (N-1 (500)) is less than or equal to Rct (N (500)), the relation between T (B-1) and 30 ℃ and 35 ℃ is further compared, if the temperature of 35 ℃ is more than or equal to T (B-1) and more than or equal to 30 ℃, the normal temperature cycle performance of the lithium iron phosphate material L-1 is judged to be better than or equal to that of the lithium iron phosphate material L, otherwise if the temperature of T (B-1) is less than 30 ℃ or more than 35 ℃, the normal temperature cycle performance of the lithium iron phosphate material L-1 is judged to be worse than that of the lithium iron phosphate material L.
Preferably, the normal temperature cycle test specifically comprises: under normal temperature, the charge and discharge current of the battery is 1C, the voltage interval of charge and discharge is set to be 2.5-3.65V, and the battery is kept still for 30min after the charge and the discharge are finished.
Preferably, the increase rate of Rct (N-1) = [ Rct (N-1 (500)) -Rct (N-1 (100)) ]/Rct (N-1 (100)),
the growth rate of Rct (N) = [ Rct (N (500)) -Rct (N (100)) ]/Rct (N (100)).
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:
the invention provides a rapid evaluation method for the cycle performance of a lithium iron phosphate material, which can rapidly screen and evaluate the lithium iron phosphate material, shortens the evaluation period of the lithium iron phosphate material, and is simple and easy to operate and realize.
Detailed Description
The present invention is described in further detail below with reference to examples.
Example 1
A rapid evaluation method of lithium iron phosphate material comprises the following steps:
(1) Testing the EIS of half batteries of a standard lithium iron phosphate material L and a lithium iron phosphate material L-1 to be tested to obtain diffusion impedance of L and L-1, and respectively marking the diffusion impedance as diffusion impedance (L) and diffusion impedance (L-1);
(2) Testing EIS of half batteries of negative plates of standard battery B and battery B-1 to be tested, wherein the negative plates are cycled for 100 times and 500 times at normal temperature 1C, obtaining charge transfer internal resistance Rct (N (100)), rct (N (500)), rct (N-1 (100)), rct (N-1 (500)), and calculating the growth rate of Rct;
(3) The results of step (1) and step (2) are shown in the following table:
TABLE 1 diffusion resistance of half-cells of different lithium iron phosphate materials
TABLE 2 Charge transfer impedances of negative half-cells of different cells
Note that: 125 (47%) represents that the retention of Rct after 500 cycles relative to Rct after 100 cycles is 47%, and so on.
As is clear from Table 1, the diffusion resistance (L-1) < diffusion resistance (L), and from Table 2, the increase in Rct of the negative electrode N-1 of the battery B-1 to be measured < the increase rate of Rct of the negative electrode N of the standard battery B, it was judged that the normal temperature cycle performance of the lithium iron phosphate L-1 was superior to that of the lithium iron phosphate L.
Example 2
A rapid evaluation method of lithium iron phosphate material comprises the following steps:
(1) Testing the EIS of half batteries of a standard lithium iron phosphate material L and a lithium iron phosphate material L-2 to be tested to obtain diffusion impedance of L and L-2, and respectively marking the diffusion impedance as diffusion impedance (L) and diffusion impedance (L-2);
(2) Testing EIS of half batteries of negative plates of standard battery B and battery B-2 to be tested, wherein the negative plates are cycled for 100 times and 500 times at normal temperature 1C, obtaining charge transfer internal resistance Rct (N (100)), rct (N (500)), rct (N-2 (100)), rct (N-2 (500)), and calculating the growth rate of Rct;
(3) The results of step (1) and step (2) are shown in the following table:
TABLE 3 diffusion resistance of different lithium iron phosphate material half-cells
TABLE 4 Charge transfer impedances of negative half-cells of different cells
Note that: 125 (47%) represents that the retention of Rct after 500 cycles relative to Rct after 100 cycles is 47%, and so on.
As is clear from Table 3, the diffusion resistance (L-2) > diffusion resistance (L), and from Table 4, the increase in Rct of the negative electrode N-2 of the battery B-2 to be measured < the increase rate of Rct of the negative electrode N of the standard battery B, it was determined that the normal temperature cycle performance of the lithium iron phosphate L-2 was inferior to that of the lithium iron phosphate L.
Example 3
A rapid evaluation method of lithium iron phosphate material comprises the following steps:
(1) Testing the EIS of half batteries of a standard lithium iron phosphate material L and a lithium iron phosphate material L-3 to be tested to obtain diffusion impedance of L and L-3, and respectively marking the diffusion impedance as diffusion impedance (L) and diffusion impedance (L-3);
(2) Testing EIS of half batteries of negative plates of standard battery B and battery B-3 to be tested, wherein the negative plates are cycled for 100 times and 500 times at normal temperature 1C, obtaining charge transfer internal resistance Rct (N (100)), rct (N (500)), rct (N-3 (100)), rct (N-3 (500)), and calculating the growth rate of Rct;
(3) During the cycle, the temperature of the center of the surface of the battery is detected and recorded, and the highest temperature of the surface of the battery B-3 is recorded as T (B-3) =29 ℃;
(4) The results of steps (1) and (2) are shown in the following table:
TABLE 5 diffusion resistance of different lithium iron phosphate material half-cells
TABLE 6 Charge transfer impedances of negative half-cells of different cells
Note that: 125 (47%) represents that the retention of Rct after 500 cycles relative to Rct after 100 cycles is 47%, and so on.
As can be seen from table 5, the diffusion resistance (L-3) < diffusion resistance (L), and from table 6, the increase of Rct of the negative electrode N-3 of the battery B-3 to be measured > the increase rate of Rct of the negative electrode N of the standard battery B, and T (B-3) =29 ℃ below 30 ℃, it was determined that the normal temperature cycle performance of the lithium iron phosphate L-3 was superior to that of the lithium iron phosphate L.
Example 4
A rapid evaluation method of lithium iron phosphate material comprises the following steps:
(1) Testing the EIS of half batteries of a standard lithium iron phosphate material L and a lithium iron phosphate material L-4 to be tested to obtain diffusion impedance of L and L-4, and respectively marking the diffusion impedance as diffusion impedance (L) and diffusion impedance (L-4);
(2) Testing EIS of half batteries of negative plates of standard battery B and battery B-4 to be tested, wherein the half batteries are cycled for 100 times and 500 times at normal temperature 1C, obtaining charge transfer internal resistance Rct (N (100)), rct (N (500)), rct (N-4 (100)), rct (N-4 (500)), and calculating the growth rate of Rct;
(3) The temperature at the center of the cell surface during the cycle was detected and recorded, and the highest temperature at the surface of cell B-4 was recorded as T (B-4) =40 ℃.
(4) The results of steps (1) and (2) are shown in the following table:
TABLE 7 diffusion resistance of half-cells of different lithium iron phosphate materials
TABLE 8 Charge transfer impedances of negative half-cells of different cells
Note that: 125 (47%) represents that the retention rate of Rct after 500 cycles relative to Rct after 100 cycles is 47%, and so on
As can be seen from table 7, the diffusion resistance (L-4) > diffusion resistance (L), and as can be seen from table 8, the increase in Rct of the negative electrode N-4 of the battery B-4 to be measured was less than the increase rate of Rct of the negative electrode N of the standard battery B, and T (B-4) =40 ℃ to > 35 ℃, it was determined that the normal temperature cycle performance of the lithium iron phosphate L-4 was inferior to that of the lithium iron phosphate L.
In addition to the above embodiments, the present invention also includes other embodiments, and all technical solutions that are formed by equivalent transformation or equivalent substitution should fall within the protection scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims (3)

1. A rapid evaluation method for the cycle performance of a lithium iron phosphate material is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
(1) Respectively testing electrochemical impedance spectrums EIS of half batteries of a standard lithium iron phosphate material L and a lithium iron phosphate material L-1 to be tested to obtain diffusion impedance of L and L-1, and respectively marking the diffusion impedance as diffusion impedance (L) and diffusion impedance (L-1);
(2) The method comprises the steps of marking a battery prepared from a standard lithium iron phosphate material L as a standard battery B, marking a battery prepared from a lithium iron phosphate material L-1 to be tested as a battery B-1 to be tested, performing normal temperature 1C cycle test on the battery B and the battery B-1, disassembling the battery after 100 cycles and 500 cycles, taking out a negative plate, assembling a half battery, wherein the negative plates of the battery B and the battery B-1 are respectively marked as N (100) and N-1 (100), the negative plates of the battery B and the battery B-1 are respectively marked as N (500) and N-1 (500), respectively marking the negative plates of the battery B and the battery B-1 for 500 cycles as N (500) and N-1 (100), performing electrochemical impedance spectrum EIS test on the half battery on both N (500) and N-1 (500), and obtaining the internal resistance Rct (N (100)), rct (N (500)), rct (N-1 (100)), rct (N-1 (500);
the battery B-1 to be tested is different from the standard battery B only in that the positive pole lithium iron phosphate material is different, the standard battery B adopts a standard lithium iron phosphate material L with qualified cycle performance, and the positive pole material of the battery B-1 to be tested is the lithium iron phosphate material L-1 to be tested;
(3) Comparing the result of the step (1) with the diffusion impedance (L-1) by comparing the magnitude relation of the diffusion impedance (L);
(4) Calculating the result of the step (2) to obtain the growth rate of the Rct of the standard battery B negative electrode plate and the Rct of the battery B-1 negative electrode plate to be detected, wherein the growth rate of the Rct is respectively the growth rate of the Rct (N), the growth rate of the Rct (N-1), and carrying out comparative analysis;
(5) Judging according to the comparison analysis of the step (3) and the step (4):
if the diffusion resistance (L-1) is less than or equal to the diffusion resistance (L) and the increase rate of Rct (N-1 (500)) is less than or equal to Rct (N (500)), the normal temperature cycle performance of the lithium iron phosphate material L-1 can be judged to be superior or equal to that of the lithium iron phosphate material L;
if the diffusion resistance (L-1) > the diffusion resistance (L) and the increase rate of Rct (N-1 (500)) is greater than Rct (N (500)), it can be judged that the normal temperature cycle performance of the lithium iron phosphate material L-1 is worse than that of the lithium iron phosphate material L;
if the diffusion resistance (L-1) is less than or equal to the diffusion resistance (L), and the increase rate of Rct (N-1 (500)) is more than Rct (N (500)), performing the next step;
if the diffusion resistance (L-1) > the diffusion resistance (L) and the increase rate of Rct (N-1 (500)) is less than or equal to Rct (N (500)), then the next step is performed;
(6) In the circulation process, detecting and recording the temperatures of the surface centers of the standard battery B and the battery B-1 to be detected, wherein the highest temperatures of the surfaces of the standard battery B and the battery B-1 to be detected are respectively marked as T (B) and T (B-1);
(7) Based on the result of step (6), again making a judgment:
the diffusion resistance (L-1) is less than or equal to the diffusion resistance (L), the increase rate of Rct (N-1 (500)) is more than Rct (N (500)), the relation between T (B-1) and 30 ℃ is further compared, if T (B-1) is less than or equal to 30 ℃, the normal temperature cycle performance of the lithium iron phosphate material L-1 is judged to be better than or equal to that of the lithium iron phosphate material L, otherwise if T (B-1) is more than 30 ℃, the normal temperature cycle performance of the lithium iron phosphate material L-1 is judged to be worse than that of the lithium iron phosphate material L;
the diffusion resistance (L-1) > the diffusion resistance (L), and the increase rate of Rct (N-1 (500)) is less than or equal to Rct (N (500)), the relation between T (B-1) and 30 ℃ and 35 ℃ is further compared, if the temperature of 35 ℃ is more than or equal to T (B-1) and more than or equal to 30 ℃, the normal temperature cycle performance of the lithium iron phosphate material L-1 is judged to be better than or equal to that of the lithium iron phosphate material L, otherwise if the temperature of T (B-1) is less than 30 ℃ or more than 35 ℃, the normal temperature cycle performance of the lithium iron phosphate material L-1 is judged to be worse than that of the lithium iron phosphate material L.
2. The rapid evaluation method of the cycling performance of the lithium iron phosphate material according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the normal temperature cycle test specifically comprises the following steps: under normal temperature, the charge and discharge current of the battery is 1C, the voltage interval of charge and discharge is set to be 2.5-3.65V, and the battery is kept still for 30min after the charge and the discharge are finished.
3. The rapid evaluation method of the cycle performance of a lithium iron phosphate material according to claim 1, characterized in that the increase rate of Rct (N-1) = [ Rct (N-1 (500)) -Rct (N-1 (100)) ] -Rct (N-1 (100)), the increase rate of Rct (N) = [ Rct (N (500)) -Rct (N (100)) ] -Rct (N (100)).
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