CN111208160B - Method for evaluating cycle performance of ternary material - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of lithium ion batteries, and particularly relates to a method for evaluating the cycle performance of a ternary material to be testedThe ternary material to be tested is used as a positive electrode, a button cell is prepared to serve as a test carrier, and the delta I of the ternary material to be tested after undergoing a few specified times of charge-discharge cycles under a limit test condition is obtained by means of XRD analysis, electrochemical test and the like 003 /I 104 And capacity retention. Data obtained by testing button cells are substituted into delta I of known ternary materials under extreme test conditions and under conventional test conditions 003 /I 104 And in the equivalent mathematical relationship corresponding to the cycle times with the same value, the charge-discharge cycle life of the ternary material to be detected in the full cell can be quickly evaluated, and the evaluation efficiency of the material is improved. The method evaluates the performance of the material from the angle of influence of crystal structure change of the ternary material on charge-discharge cycle stability in the charge-discharge cycle process, and has higher reliability.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of lithium ion batteries, and particularly relates to a method for evaluating cycle performance of a ternary material.
Background
Because of the characteristics of higher working voltage, energy density, long service life, environmental friendliness and the like, the lithium ion battery becomes a power supply of a new generation of electric vehicles, electric tools and electronic products, and is widely applied to different fields such as energy, traffic, communication and the like at present.
Ternary materials, particularly high nickel ternary materials, are the hot spot of current research, and are widely used due to their high capacity and excellent cycle performance. The ternary material is used as a key component of the anode material of the lithium ion battery and determines the basic physical and electrochemical properties of the battery. At present, the variety of commercial ternary electrode materials in the market is more, and how to rapidly evaluate one or more electrode materials capable of meeting the customer requirements from a plurality of candidate ternary materials is an important work content of lithium ion battery developers.
Generally, a method for evaluating the charge-discharge cycle life of a ternary material by a cell production enterprise is to prepare a material to be evaluated into a full cell, and then perform a corresponding charge-discharge cycle stability test. The material evaluation mode has the advantages of longer time period, higher input cost and lower evaluation efficiency.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to: aiming at the defects of the prior art, the method for evaluating the cycle performance of the ternary material is provided, the charge-discharge cycle life of the ternary material in the full battery can be quickly evaluated, and the evaluation efficiency of the material is improved.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a method of evaluating cycle performance of a ternary material, comprising the steps of:
step one, a plurality of first button cells and a plurality of first full cells are respectively assembled by taking a first ternary material as a first positive electrode active substance;
step two, performing charge-discharge cycle testing on the first button cell, and respectively recording the capacity retention rate A of a plurality of first button cells after t cycles; carrying out charge-discharge cycle testing on the first full batteries, and respectively recording the capacity retention rate B of a plurality of first full batteries after T cycles;
thirdly, performing X-ray powder diffraction on the circulated positive active substance of the first button cell to obtain a plurality of I 003 /I 104 A value; with t as the abscissa and Δ I 003 /I 104 Values are ordinate, fitting Δ I 003 /I 104 S1 curve of = f (t);
respectively carrying out X-ray powder diffraction on the circulated positive electrode active substances of the first full cell to obtain a plurality of I 003 /I 104 A value; with T as abscissa and Δ I 003 /I 104 Values are ordinate, fitting Δ I 003 /I 104 S2 curve of = f (T);
when curve S1= curve S2, t is obtained respectively 0 And T 0 Record T0/T0= G;
step four, assembling a plurality of second button cells by taking a second ternary material as a second positive electrode active substance, performing charge-discharge cycle test, and respectively recording the capacity retention rate of C when the cycle period is H;
performing X-ray powder diffraction on the circulated anode active substance of the second button cell to obtain a plurality of I 003 /I 104 Value, calculate Δ I 003 /I 104 An average of the values; when the number of cycles of a second full cell prepared from the second ternary material is G × H, the cycle capacity retention rate of the second full cell is D = C.
The principle of the invention is as follows: when the ternary material is subjected to charge-discharge cycle, the layered crystal structure of the ternary material can generate Li + /Ni 2+ The phenomenon of mixed drainage. Li + /Ni 2+ The degree of disclination can be determined by the ratio (I) of the diffraction intensity of the (003) plane to the diffraction intensity of the (104) plane in the XRD diffraction peak 003 /I 104 ) Is characterized by the size of 003 /I 104 The larger the value of (b) is, the worse the charge-discharge cycle stability of the material is. A specific number of cycles will produce a specific Δ I 003 /I 104 Value, and a Δ I 003 /I 104 The value in turn determines a capacity retention. For the materials with the same proportion, the change mechanism of the crystal structure along with charge and discharge cycles is the same. Therefore, the cycle times and Δ I of the first ternary material in the button cell and the full cell are respectively measured 003 /I 104 Correspondence of values and Δ I 003 /I 104 The relationship between the value and the retention rate of the circulating capacity is tested, and the circulating times and delta I of the second ternary material in the button cell are tested 003 /I 104 The value and the cycle capacity retention rate can obtain the corresponding relation between the cycle capacity and the cycle times of the second ternary material in the full battery, and the evaluation time is greatly shortened.
As an improvement of the method for evaluating the cycle performance of the ternary material, the charge cut-off voltage U of the first button cell t Is greater than the charge cutoff voltage U of the first full cell T . The purpose of improving the charge cut-off voltage is to accelerate the test, improve the accuracy that the voltage gear will not influence the assessment effect, can also accelerate the crystal structure change of the material, shorten the assessment time. Preferably, the two voltage steps are increased so that the evaluation time is greatly reduced.
As an improvement of the method for evaluating the cycle performance of the ternary material, the proportion of elements in the first ternary material and the second ternary material is the same. For materials with the same proportion, the change mechanism of the crystal structure along with charge and discharge cycles is the same.
As an improvement of the method for evaluating the cycle performance of the ternary material, the charge-discharge current, the charge cut-off voltage and the discharge cut-off voltage of the first button cell and the second button cell are the same. When the test conditions are the same, the accuracy of the test result is not influenced.
As an improvement of the method for evaluating the cycle performance of the ternary material, the negative plate of the first button cell is made of metal lithium, the negative plate of the second button cell is made of metal lithium, and the negative plate of the first full cell is identical to the negative plate of the second full cell.
As an improvement of the method for evaluating the cycle performance of the ternary material, the test mode of X-ray powder diffraction is step scanning.
As an improvement of the method for evaluating the cycle performance of the ternary material, the step size of the step-by-step scanning is set to be 0.02 degrees, the retention time is 1S, and the scanning range is 10-80 degrees.
As an improvement of the method for evaluating the cycle performance of the ternary material, the method for performing X-ray powder diffraction on the cycled positive electrode active substance comprises the following steps: and taking out the positive plate, scraping the positive active substance, washing, filtering and drying the positive active substance.
As an improvement of the method for evaluating the cycle performance of the ternary material, the mass ratio of the first positive electrode active material to the positive electrode active material layer of the first button cell is 80-99%, and the mass ratio of the second positive electrode active material to the positive electrode active material layer of the second button cell is 80-99%.
As an improvement of the method for evaluating the cycle performance of the ternary material, the first ternary material and the second ternary material are LiNi x Co y Mn z M 1-x-y-z O 2 Or LiNi x Co y Al z M 1-x-y-z O 2 Wherein M is any one of Co, ni, mn, mg, cu, zn, al, sn, B, ga, cr, sr, V and Ti, and y is more than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to 1, x is more than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to 1, z is more than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to 1, and x + y + z is less than or equal to 1.
The beneficial effects of the invention include but are not limited to: the ternary material to be tested is used as the anode, the button cell is prepared to be used as a test carrier, and the delta I of the ternary material to be tested after undergoing a few specified times of charge-discharge cycles under the limit test condition is obtained by means of XRD analysis, electrochemical test and the like 003 /I 104 And capacity retention. Data obtained by substituting button cell tests into delta I of known ternary materials under extreme test conditions and conventional test conditions 003 /I 104 And in the equivalent mathematical relationship corresponding to the cycle times with the same value, the charge-discharge cycle life of the ternary material to be detected in the full cell can be quickly evaluated, and the evaluation efficiency of the material is improved. The button cell is used as a test carrier, so that the evaluation mode is flexible, and the evaluation cost is low; the test process is accelerated by improving the charge cut-off voltage, and the evaluation period is short; the performance of the material is evaluated from the aspect of influence of crystal structure change of the ternary material on charge-discharge cycle stability in the charge-discharge cycle process, and the reliability is high.
Drawings
FIG. 1 shows Δ I in example 1 003 /I 104 Curve S1 of = f (t).
FIG. 2 shows Δ I in example 1 003 /I 104 Curve S2 of = f (T).
Detailed Description
As used in the specification and in the claims, certain terms are used to refer to particular components. As one skilled in the art will appreciate, manufacturers may refer to a component by different names. This specification and claims do not intend to distinguish between components that differ in name but not function. In the following description and in the claims, the terms "include" and "comprise" are used in an open-ended fashion, and thus should be interpreted to mean "include, but not limited to. "substantially" means within an acceptable error range, that a person skilled in the art will be able to solve the technical problem within a certain error range, substantially to achieve the technical result.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", horizontal ", and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience in describing the present invention and simplifying the description, but do not indicate or imply that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed in a specific orientation, and be operated, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
In the present invention, unless otherwise expressly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," "secured," and the like are to be construed broadly and can, for example, be fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those skilled in the art according to specific situations.
The present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings, but the present invention is not limited thereto.
Examples
The embodiment provides a method for evaluating cycle performance of a ternary material, which comprises the following steps:
step one, respectively assembling N first button cells and N first full cells by taking a first ternary material as a first positive electrode active substance; the first ternary material is NCM811, and the negative plate of the first button battery is metal lithium.
Step two, carrying out charge-discharge cycle test on the first button cell with the serial number n =1, and setting the cycle period as t 1 A charge cutoff voltage of U t1 Discharge cutoff voltage of U t2 Recording when the cycle period is t 1 The retention ratio of the cyclic capacity at the time of aging was A 1 ；
Carrying out charge-discharge cycle test on a first button cell with the serial number n = n, and setting the cycle period as t n The charge cutoff voltage is U t1 Discharge cutoff voltage of U t2 Recording when the cycle period is t n The retention ratio of the cyclic capacity at the time of aging was A n ；
The test conditions are room temperature (25 ℃), the current density is 0.1C/0.1C, and the cycle periods of first button cells with the serial numbers n =1, n =2, n =3, n =4 and n =5 are respectively set as t 1 =0 week t 2 =10 weeks, t 3 =20 weeks, t 4 =30 weeks and t 5 =40 cycles, charge cutoff voltage U t1 Is 4.8V (Vs Li/Li) + ) Discharge cutoff voltage U t2 Is 3.0V (Vs Li/Li) + ) The retention ratio of the recording cycle capacity is A 1 ＝100％、A 2 ＝94％、A 3 ＝88％、A 4 ＝82％、A 5 ＝77％；
Carrying out charge-discharge cycle test on a first full battery with the serial number of N =1, and setting the cycle period as T 1 A charge cutoff voltage of U T1 Discharge cutoff voltage of U T2 Recording when the cycle period is T 1 Retention ratio of cyclic capacity at time B 1 ；
Carrying out charge-discharge cycle test on a first full battery with the serial number of N = N, and setting the cycle period as T N A charge cutoff voltage of U T1 Discharge cutoff voltage of U T2 Record when the cycle period is T N Retention ratio of cyclic capacity at time B N (ii) a The negative plate of the first full cell is a graphite negative plate;
wherein the test conditions were room temperature (25 ℃ C.), current density of 0.5C/0.5C, and numbers N =1 and,The cycle period of the first full cell with N =2, N =3, N =4, N =5 is T 1 =0 week T 2 =100 weeks, T 3 =200 weeks, T 4 =300 weeks and T 5 =400 cycles, charge cutoff voltage U t1 4.2V (Vs graphite), discharge cut-off voltage U t2 3.0V (Vs graphite), recording cycle capacity retention rate of B 1 ＝100％、B 2 ＝96％、B 3 ＝89％、B 4 ＝84％、B 5 ＝79％；
Step three, respectively obtaining the positive active substances of the first button cell with serial numbers of 1-n after circulation, and recording the positive active substances as X1-Xn; respectively obtaining the positive active materials of the first full cells with serial numbers of 1-N after circulation, and recording as Y1-Yn;
the method for obtaining the positive electrode active material comprises the following steps: the positive electrode sheet was taken out, the positive electrode active material was gently scraped off with a blade, and the positive electrode active material was washed with an organic solvent (DMC) and filtered. And (4) putting the washed positive active substance into an oven for drying.
Respectively carrying out X-ray powder diffraction on X1-Xn and Y1-Yn to respectively obtain a plurality of I 003 /I 104 A value; the test mode of X-ray powder diffraction is step scanning, the step length is set to be 0.02 degrees, the retention time is 1S, and the scanning range is 10-80 degrees;
calculating Delta I 003 /I 104 Values (as in tables 1 and 2). Wherein is Δ I 003 /I 104 The ratio of the difference between the test value for each specified cycle sample and the test value at week 0 to the test value for the specified cycle sample.
With t as the abscissa and Δ I 003 /I 104 Values are ordinate, fitting Δ I 003 /I 104 Curve S1 (as shown in fig. 1); with T as abscissa and Δ I 003 /I 104 Values are ordinate, fitting Δ I 003 /I 104 = f (T) curve (as shown in fig. 2);
fitted curve S1=2 × 10 -5 t+0.0018t-0.0006
Fitted curve S2=2 × 10 -7 T+0.0001T-7×10 -5
When curve S1= curve S2, i.e. when Δ I 003 /I 104 Value =1.9%, t 0 ＝10，T 0 =147, T0/T0=14.7.
Step four, evaluating the cycle performance of the second ternary material: assembling 1-m second button cells by taking a second ternary material as a second positive electrode active substance, taking a negative plate of the second button cell as metal lithium, carrying out charge-discharge cycle tests, and respectively setting the cycle period as H m A charge cutoff voltage of U t1 Discharge cutoff voltage is U t2 Recording the capacity retention rates of C1 to Cm, respectively;
obtaining 1-m anode active substances with serial numbers after circulation, recording as Z1-Zn, and performing X-ray powder diffraction on the Z1-Zn to respectively obtain a plurality of I 003 /I 104 A value;
wherein the second ternary material to be evaluated is NCM811, the content of the second positive active material in the pole piece is 90%, and the compaction density is 3.3g/cm 3 And then, 3 button batteries are assembled according to the sequence of the positive electrode shell, the positive electrode plate, the diaphragm, the lithium plate, the electrolyte and the negative electrode shell. The test conditions were room temperature (25 ℃), a current density of 0.1C/0.1C, a cycle period of H =30 cycles for the second coin cells with the numbers m =1, m =2, m =3, respectively, and a charge cut-off voltage of U t1 Is 4.8V (Vs Li/Li) + ) Discharge cutoff voltage U t2 Is 3.0V (Vs Li/Li) + ) Recording cycle capacity retention rate of C 1 ＝81.5％、C 2 ＝81.3％、C 3 =81.5%, taking the mean value C =81.4%.
Scraping the positive active substance of the second button cell after circulation from the pole piece, firstly washing, filtering and drying by using DMC, then carrying out XRD test in a step-by-step scanning mode, wherein the step length is 0.02 DEG, each step is kept for 1S, the scanning range is 10-80 DEG, and a plurality of I are obtained 003 /I 104 Value, calculate Δ I 003 /I 104 The average value of the values was 7.29%; when the cycle capacity retention rate of the second full cell prepared from the second ternary material is =81.4%, and the negative plate of the second full cell is a graphite negative plate, the number of cycles of the second full cell is G × H =14.7 × 30=441 cycles;
therefore, the cycle capacity retention rate of the second ternary material to be evaluated in the second button cell after 30 cycles is 81.4%, Δ I 003 /I 104 =7.29%, then in the second full cell when Δ I 003 /I 104 When the value is also equal to 7.29%, it can be inferred that the capacity retention rate at the second full battery cycle 441 revolutions is 81.4%.
Table 1: button cell test data prepared from first ternary material
Table 2: full cell test data for first ternary material preparation
| Number of battery N | Number of cycles T | I 003 /I 104 | ΔI 003 /I 104 | Capacity retention ratio B |
| 1 | 0 | 1.4564 | 0.00％ | 100％ |
| 2 | 100 | 1.4300 | 1.81％ | 96％ |
| 3 | 200 | 1.4001 | 3.90％ | 89％ |
| 4 | 300 | 1.3556 | 7.08％ | 84％ |
| 5 | 400 | 1.3202 | 9.71％ | 79％ |
In conclusion, the button cell is used as a test carrier, so that the evaluation mode is flexible, and the evaluation cost is low; the test process is accelerated by improving the charge cut-off voltage, and the evaluation period is short; the performance of the material is evaluated from the aspect of influence of crystal structure change of the ternary material on charge-discharge cycle stability in the charge-discharge cycle process, and the reliability is high. The circulating capacity retention rate and the number of circulating turns measured by the method have the accuracy rate of more than 98 percent.
The foregoing description shows and describes several preferred embodiments of the invention, but as aforementioned, it is to be understood that the invention is not limited to the forms disclosed herein, and is not to be construed as excluding other embodiments, and that the invention is capable of use in various other combinations, modifications, and environments and is capable of changes within the scope of the inventive concept as expressed herein, commensurate with the above teachings, or the skill or knowledge of the relevant art. And that modifications and variations may be effected by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. A method of evaluating cycle performance of a ternary material, comprising the steps of:
step one, a plurality of first button cells and a plurality of first full cells are respectively assembled by taking a first ternary material as a first positive electrode active substance;
step two, performing charge-discharge cycle testing on the first button cell, and respectively recording the capacity retention rate A of a plurality of first button cells after t cycles; carrying out charge-discharge cycle testing on the first full batteries, and respectively recording the capacity retention rate B of a plurality of first full batteries after T cycles;
thirdly, performing X-ray powder diffraction on the circulated positive active substance of the first button cell to obtain a plurality of I 003 /I 104 A value; with t as the abscissa and Δ I 003 /I 104 Values are ordinate, fitting Δ I 003 /I 104 S1 profile of = f (t);
respectively carrying out X-ray powder diffraction on the circulated positive electrode active substances of the first full cell to obtain a plurality of I 003 /I 104 A value; with T as abscissa and Δ I 003 /I 104 Values are ordinate, fitting Δ I 003 /I 104 S2 profile of = f (T);
when curve S1= curve S2, t is obtained respectively 0 And T 0 Record T0/T0= G;
step four, assembling a plurality of second button cells by taking a second ternary material as a second positive electrode active substance, carrying out charge-discharge cycle test, and respectively recording the capacity retention rate of C when the cycle period is H;
will be circulated afterPerforming X-ray powder diffraction on the positive electrode active substance of the second button cell to obtain a plurality of I 003 /I 104 Value, calculate Δ I 003 /I 104 An average of the values; when the number of cycles of a second full cell prepared from the second ternary material is G.multidot.H, the cycle capacity retention rate of the second full cell is D = C.
2. The method for evaluating the cycle performance of ternary materials according to claim 1, wherein the charge cut-off voltage U of the first button cell is U t Greater than the charge cutoff voltage U of the first full cell T 。
3. The method of evaluating cycle performance of a ternary material of claim 1 wherein the proportions of elements in the first ternary material and the second ternary material are the same.
4. The method for evaluating cycle performance of ternary materials according to claim 1, wherein the charge-discharge current, the charge cut-off voltage and the discharge cut-off voltage of the first button cell and the second button cell are the same.
5. The method for evaluating the cycle performance of the ternary material according to claim 1, wherein the negative plate of the first button cell is metallic lithium, the negative plate of the second button cell is metallic lithium, and the negative plate of the first full cell is the same as the negative plate of the second full cell.
6. The method for evaluating cycle performance of ternary materials of claim 1 wherein said test mode of X-ray powder diffraction is step scan.
7. The method for evaluating the cycle performance of ternary materials according to claim 6, wherein the step size of the step-wise scanning is set to 0.02 °, the residence time is 1S, and the scanning range is 10-80 °.
8. The method for evaluating the cycle performance of the ternary material according to claim 1, wherein the method for performing X-ray powder diffraction on the cycled positive electrode active material comprises the following steps: and taking out the positive plate, scraping the positive active substance, washing, filtering and drying the positive active substance.
9. The method for evaluating cycle performance of a ternary material according to claim 1, wherein the mass ratio of the first positive electrode active material to the positive electrode active material layer of the first button cell is 80 to 99%, and the mass ratio of the second positive electrode active material to the positive electrode active material layer of the second button cell is 80 to 99%.
10. The method of evaluating cycle performance of a ternary material of claim 1, wherein said first ternary material and said second ternary material are LiNi x Co y Mn z M 1-x-y-z O 2 Or LiNi x Co y Al z M 1-x-y-z O 2 Wherein M is any one of Co, ni, mn, mg, cu, zn, al, sn, B, ga, cr, sr, V and Ti, y is more than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to 1, x is more than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to 1, z is more than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to 1, and x +, y + z is less than or equal to 1.
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| CN109406554A (en) * | 2018-10-12 | 2019-03-01 | 圣戈莱（北京）科技有限公司 | A kind of method for qualitative analysis of tertiary cathode material chemical property |
| CN109116259B (en) * | 2018-10-22 | 2020-07-07 | 中兴高能技术有限责任公司 | Lithium ion battery cycle life prediction method, device, system and storage medium |
| CN109884100A (en) * | 2019-03-11 | 2019-06-14 | 合肥国轩高科动力能源有限公司 | A method of judging lithium ion battery material performance |
| CN110568367A (en) * | 2019-08-23 | 2019-12-13 | 合肥国轩高科动力能源有限公司 | Method for analyzing cycle capacity attenuation of positive and negative electrode materials of lithium ion battery |
| CN110658473B (en) * | 2019-12-02 | 2020-04-28 | 湖南长远锂科股份有限公司 | Method for evaluating storage performance of lithium ion battery anode material |
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