CN114716641A - 一种聚氨酯泡沫组合物及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种聚氨酯泡沫组合物及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN114716641A CN114716641A CN202210258139.0A CN202210258139A CN114716641A CN 114716641 A CN114716641 A CN 114716641A CN 202210258139 A CN202210258139 A CN 202210258139A CN 114716641 A CN114716641 A CN 114716641A
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- parts
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- bentonite
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种聚氨酯泡沫组合物,包括以下重量份原料:聚酯多元醇60‑70份、异氰酸酯30‑40份、有机活性聚合体改性复合膨润土4‑8份、发泡剂1‑5份、交联剂1‑3份、发泡改性添加剂1‑2份。本发明采用聚酯多元醇、异氰酸酯与发泡剂、交联剂配合使用,加入有机活性聚合体改性复合膨润土、发泡改性添加剂改进产品的力学性能和保温性能。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及聚氨酯泡沫技术领域,具体涉及一种聚氨酯泡沫组合物及其制备方法。
背景技术
聚氨酯硬质泡沫是以异氰酸酯和聚醚/聚酯为主要原料,在发泡剂、催化剂、阻燃剂等多种助剂的作用下,通过专用设备混合,经高压喷涂现场发泡而成的高分子聚合物。聚氨酯泡有软泡和硬泡两种。软泡为开孔结构,硬泡为闭孔结构;软泡又分为结皮和不结皮两种。聚氨酯硬泡体是一种具有保温与防水功能的新型合成材料,其导热系数低,闭孔泡沫的导热系数<0.024W/(m.Κ),相当于挤塑板的一半,是所有保温材料中导热系数最低的。硬质聚氨酯泡沫塑料主要应用在建筑物外墙保温,屋面防水保温一体化、冷库保温隔热、管道保温材料、建筑板材、冷藏车及冷库隔热材等。
现有的聚氨酯泡沫组合物保温性能好,但是力学冲击性能差,二者不能协调一致,基于此,本发明提供一种聚氨酯泡沫组合物及其制备方法。
发明内容
针对现有技术的缺陷,本发明的目的是提供一种聚氨酯泡沫组合物及其制备方法,以解决上述背景技术中提出的问题。
本发明解决技术问题采用如下技术方案:
本发明提供了一种聚氨酯泡沫组合物,包括以下重量份原料:
聚酯多元醇60-70份、异氰酸酯30-40份、有机活性聚合体改性复合膨润土4-8份、发泡剂1-5份、交联剂1-3份、发泡改性添加剂1-2份。
优选地,所述聚氨酯泡沫组合物为以下重量份原料:
聚酯多元醇65份、异氰酸酯35份、有机活性聚合体改性复合膨润土6份、发泡剂3份、交联剂2份、发泡改性添加剂1.5份。
优选地,所述有机活性聚合体改性复合膨润土的制备方法为:
步骤一:将苯酚、甲醛按照重量比1:2加入到反应釜中,然后搅拌混合充分,再加入苯酚总量10-20%的氢氧化钠,以60-70℃的温度反应15-25min,得到第一有机反应剂;
步骤二:然后将三聚氰胺、多聚甲醛按照重量比1:3混合,然后加入水和碱,于75-85℃下反应25-35min,随后再加入对苯二甲醛,调节pH至7.5,得到第二有机反应剂;
步骤三:第一有机反应剂、第二有机反应剂和活性介质体按照重量比2:1:5反应,75-85℃下反应25-35min,反应转速为500-1000r/min,反应结束,得到活性聚合改性体:
步骤四:将膨润土-石墨烯复合体按照重量比1:7加入到活性聚合改性体中,于75-85℃下反应25-35min,反应转速为500-1000r/min,反应结束,得到有机活性聚合体改性复合膨润土。
优选地,所述活性介质体的制备方法为:
S1:将葡萄糖醛酸内酯按照重量比1:5加入到丙酮溶剂中混合,混合搅拌充分,得到介质反应体;
S2:用质量分数2-5%的冰醋酸配制成4-5%的壳聚糖溶液,将壳聚糖溶液按照重量比1:5加入到介质反应体中,搅拌充分,得到活性介质体。
优选地,所述膨润土-石墨烯复合体的制备方法为:
S1:将石墨烯送入到研磨机内进行研磨,研磨转速为1000-1500r/min,研磨20-30min,得到改性片状石墨烯;
S2:将膨润土进行煅烧处理,煅烧温度为500-700℃,煅烧10-30min,得到扩展性膨润土;
S3:将改性片状石墨烯、扩展性膨润土送入到去离子水中进行超声分散,超声结束,于-5℃下放置10-20min,放置结束,恢复室温,然后水洗、干燥,得到膨润土-石墨烯复合体。
优选地,所述超声功率为200W,超声10-20min。
优选地,所述发泡剂为偶氮二异丁腈、对甲苯磺酰肼、二亚硝基五亚甲基四胺或对甲苯磺酰叠氮中的任意一种或至少两种的组合。
优选地,所述聚酯多元醇是乙二醇、二乙二醇、1,4-丁二醇、甘油、三羟甲基丙烷中的一种或几种的混合物与己二酸经过缩聚反应制得,数均分子量为1000-2500;
异氰酸酯为纯MDI、碳化二亚胺改性MDI、MDI-50或聚合MDI中的一种或多种。
优选地,所述交联剂为二乙醇胺、丙三醇、季戊四醇、三羟甲基丙烷中的一种或多种组合物。
优选地,所述发泡改性添加剂的制备方法为:将质量分数1-5%的稀土氯化镧溶液按照重量比1:4加入到聚氧乙烯醚中,随后再加入稀土氯化镧溶液总量10-20%的硅烷偶联剂Kh560,以100-500r/min的转速搅拌20-30min,搅拌结束,得到发泡改性添加剂。
本发明还提供了一种聚氨酯泡沫组合物的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
步骤一,将聚酯多元醇、异氰酸酯、有机活性聚合体改性复合膨润土、发泡剂、交联剂、发泡改性添加剂依次加入到搅拌机中进行混合处理,混合转速为300-500r/min,混合时间为10-20min,得到待发泡料;
步骤二,随后将待发泡料通过发泡机注入发泡模腔内,发泡时间为10-20min,发泡转速为100-500r/min,发泡中采用电子束照射,照射剂量为1-3KGy,发泡结束,得到本发明的聚氨酯泡沫组合物。
与现有技术相比,本发明具有如下的有益效果:
1、本发明采用聚酯多元醇、异氰酸酯与发泡剂、交联剂配合使用,加入有机活性聚合体改性复合膨润土、发泡改性添加剂改进产品的力学性能和保温性能。
2、有机活性聚合体改性复合膨润土,采用第一有机反应剂、第二有机反应剂和活性介质体反应制备的活性聚合改性体,对膨润土-石墨烯复合体进行改进处理;
膨润土-石墨烯复合体制备中,采用石墨烯研磨成更细的片状结构,而膨润土经过煅烧后,层间距扩张,通过在去离子水中超声分散,片状石墨烯穿插在层间距中,通过-5℃下改进,膨润土层间距收缩,从而形成的膨润土-石墨烯复合体具有膨润土的阻隔性能,提高保温效果,同时又具有石墨烯片状韧性冲击性能,提高产品力学性能,而石墨烯本身片状也具有阻隔效果,进而膨润土-石墨烯复合体可显著提高产品的保温效果。
3、有机活性聚合体中第一有机反应剂采用苯酚、甲醛制备的酚醛树脂与第二有机反应剂的三聚氰胺体,通过三聚氰胺体体中的多活性基团对酚醛树脂结合,形成的有机体系稳定性更强,而葡萄糖醛酸内酯、壳聚糖溶液配制的活性介质体,具有多活性基团,因而制备的活性聚合改性体具有三维多活性基体,参与改进膨润土-石墨烯复合体,经过改性后,在有机发泡中,能够更好的将膨润土-石墨烯复合体参与到产品体系中,从而使有机体系更为稳定,进而产品的力学性能、保温性能得到显著性的改进。
4、发泡改性添加剂采用稀土氯化镧溶液与聚氧乙烯醚配比,混合加入硅烷偶联剂Kh560,改进原料之间的粘接强度,同时与发泡中采用电子束照射配合,提高产品的发泡程度和交联度,进而提高产品的力学性能和保温性能。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例,对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本发明保护的范围。
本实施例的一种聚氨酯泡沫组合物,包括以下重量份原料:
聚酯多元醇60-70份、异氰酸酯30-40份、有机活性聚合体改性复合膨润土4-8份、发泡剂1-5份、交联剂1-3份、发泡改性添加剂1-2份;
本实施例的聚氨酯泡沫组合物为以下重量份原料:
聚酯多元醇65份、异氰酸酯35份、有机活性聚合体改性复合膨润土6份、发泡剂3份、交联剂2份、发泡改性添加剂1.5份。
本实施例的有机活性聚合体改性复合膨润土的制备方法为:
步骤一:将苯酚、甲醛按照重量比1:2加入到反应釜中,然后搅拌混合充分,再加入苯酚总量10-20%的氢氧化钠,以60-70℃的温度反应15-25min,得到第一有机反应剂;
步骤二:然后将三聚氰胺、多聚甲醛按照重量比1:3混合,然后加入水和碱,于75-85℃下反应25-35min,随后再加入对苯二甲醛,调节pH至7.5,得到第二有机反应剂;
步骤三:第一有机反应剂、第二有机反应剂和活性介质体按照重量比2:1:5反应,75-85℃下反应25-35min,反应转速为500-1000r/min,反应结束,得到活性聚合改性体:
步骤四:将膨润土-石墨烯复合体按照重量比1:7加入到活性聚合改性体中,于75-85℃下反应25-35min,反应转速为500-1000r/min,反应结束,得到有机活性聚合体改性复合膨润土。
本实施例的活性介质体的制备方法为:
S1:将葡萄糖醛酸内酯按照重量比1:5加入到丙酮溶剂中混合,混合搅拌充分,得到介质反应体;
S2:用质量分数2-5%的冰醋酸配制成4-5%的壳聚糖溶液,将壳聚糖溶液按照重量比1:5加入到介质反应体中,搅拌充分,得到活性介质体。
本实施例的膨润土-石墨烯复合体的制备方法为:
S1:将石墨烯送入到研磨机内进行研磨,研磨转速为1000-1500r/min,研磨20-30min,得到改性片状石墨烯;
S2:将膨润土进行煅烧处理,煅烧温度为500-700℃,煅烧10-30min,得到扩展性膨润土;
S3:将改性片状石墨烯、扩展性膨润土送入到去离子水中进行超声分散,超声结束,于-5℃下放置10-20min,放置结束,恢复室温,然后水洗、干燥,得到膨润土-石墨烯复合体。
本实施例的超声功率为200W,超声10-20min。
本实施例的发泡剂为偶氮二异丁腈、对甲苯磺酰肼、二亚硝基五亚甲基四胺或对甲苯磺酰叠氮中的任意一种或至少两种的组合。
本实施例的聚酯多元醇是乙二醇、二乙二醇、1,4-丁二醇、甘油、三羟甲基丙烷中的一种或几种的混合物与己二酸经过缩聚反应制得,数均分子量为1000-2500;
异氰酸酯为纯MDI、碳化二亚胺改性MDI、MDI-50或聚合MDI中的一种或多种。
本实施例的交联剂为二乙醇胺、丙三醇、季戊四醇、三羟甲基丙烷中的一种或多种组合物。
本实施例的发泡改性添加剂的制备方法为:将质量分数1-5%的稀土氯化镧溶液按照重量比1:4加入到聚氧乙烯醚中,随后再加入稀土氯化镧溶液总量10-20%的硅烷偶联剂Kh560,以100-500r/min的转速搅拌20-30min,搅拌结束,得到发泡改性添加剂。
本实施例的一种聚氨酯泡沫组合物的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
步骤一,将聚酯多元醇、异氰酸酯、有机活性聚合体改性复合膨润土、发泡剂、交联剂、发泡改性添加剂依次加入到搅拌机中进行混合处理,混合转速为300-500r/min,混合时间为10-20min,得到待发泡料;
步骤二,随后将待发泡料通过发泡机注入发泡模腔内,发泡时间为10-20min,发泡转速为100-500r/min,发泡中采用电子束照射,照射剂量为1-3KGy,发泡结束,得到本发明的聚氨酯泡沫组合物。
实施例1.
本实施例的一种聚氨酯泡沫组合物,包括以下重量份原料:
聚酯多元醇60份、异氰酸酯30份、有机活性聚合体改性复合膨润土4份、发泡剂1份、交联剂1份、发泡改性添加剂1份;
本实施例的有机活性聚合体改性复合膨润土的制备方法为:
步骤一:将苯酚、甲醛按照重量比1:2加入到反应釜中,然后搅拌混合充分,再加入苯酚总量10%的氢氧化钠,以60℃的温度反应15min,得到第一有机反应剂;
步骤二:然后将三聚氰胺、多聚甲醛按照重量比1:3混合,然后加入水和碱,于75℃下反应25min,随后再加入对苯二甲醛,调节pH至7.5,得到第二有机反应剂;
步骤三:第一有机反应剂、第二有机反应剂和活性介质体按照重量比2:1:5反应,75℃下反应25min,反应转速为500r/min,反应结束,得到活性聚合改性体:
步骤四:将膨润土-石墨烯复合体按照重量比1:7加入到活性聚合改性体中,于75℃下反应25min,反应转速为500r/min,反应结束,得到有机活性聚合体改性复合膨润土。
本实施例的活性介质体的制备方法为:
S1:将葡萄糖醛酸内酯按照重量比1:5加入到丙酮溶剂中混合,混合搅拌充分,得到介质反应体;
S2:用质量分数2%的冰醋酸配制成4%的壳聚糖溶液,将壳聚糖溶液按照重量比1:5加入到介质反应体中,搅拌充分,得到活性介质体。
本实施例的膨润土-石墨烯复合体的制备方法为:
S1:将石墨烯送入到研磨机内进行研磨,研磨转速为1000r/min,研磨20min,得到改性片状石墨烯;
S2:将膨润土进行煅烧处理,煅烧温度为500℃,煅烧10min,得到扩展性膨润土;
S3:将改性片状石墨烯、扩展性膨润土送入到去离子水中进行超声分散,超声结束,于-5℃下放置10min,放置结束,恢复室温,然后水洗、干燥,得到膨润土-石墨烯复合体。
本实施例的超声功率为200W,超声10min。
本实施例的发泡剂为偶氮二异丁腈。
本实施例的聚酯多元醇是乙二醇与己二酸经过缩聚反应制得,数均分子量为1000-2500;
异氰酸酯为纯MDI。
本实施例的交联剂为二乙醇胺。
本实施例的发泡改性添加剂的制备方法为:将质量分数1-5%的稀土氯化镧溶液按照重量比1:4加入到聚氧乙烯醚中,随后再加入稀土氯化镧溶液总量10%的硅烷偶联剂Kh560,以100r/min的转速搅拌20min,搅拌结束,得到发泡改性添加剂。
本实施例的一种聚氨酯泡沫组合物的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
步骤一,将聚酯多元醇、异氰酸酯、有机活性聚合体改性复合膨润土、发泡剂、交联剂、发泡改性添加剂依次加入到搅拌机中进行混合处理,混合转速为300r/min,混合时间为10min,得到待发泡料;
步骤二,随后将待发泡料通过发泡机注入发泡模腔内,发泡时间为10min,发泡转速为100r/min,发泡中采用电子束照射,照射剂量为1KGy,发泡结束,得到本发明的聚氨酯泡沫组合物。
实施例2.
本实施例的一种聚氨酯泡沫组合物,包括以下重量份原料:
聚酯多元醇70份、异氰酸酯40份、有机活性聚合体改性复合膨润土8份、发泡剂5份、交联剂3份、发泡改性添加剂2份;
本实施例的有机活性聚合体改性复合膨润土的制备方法为:
步骤一:将苯酚、甲醛按照重量比1:2加入到反应釜中,然后搅拌混合充分,再加入苯酚总量20%的氢氧化钠,以70℃的温度反应25min,得到第一有机反应剂;
步骤二:然后将三聚氰胺、多聚甲醛按照重量比1:3混合,然后加入水和碱,于85℃下反应35min,随后再加入对苯二甲醛,调节pH至7.5,得到第二有机反应剂;
步骤三:第一有机反应剂、第二有机反应剂和活性介质体按照重量比2:1:5反应,85℃下反应35min,反应转速为1000r/min,反应结束,得到活性聚合改性体:
步骤四:将膨润土-石墨烯复合体按照重量比1:7加入到活性聚合改性体中,于85℃下反应35min,反应转速为1000r/min,反应结束,得到有机活性聚合体改性复合膨润土。
本实施例的活性介质体的制备方法为:
S1:将葡萄糖醛酸内酯按照重量比1:5加入到丙酮溶剂中混合,混合搅拌充分,得到介质反应体;
S2:用质量分数5%的冰醋酸配制成5%的壳聚糖溶液,将壳聚糖溶液按照重量比1:5加入到介质反应体中,搅拌充分,得到活性介质体。
本实施例的膨润土-石墨烯复合体的制备方法为:
S1:将石墨烯送入到研磨机内进行研磨,研磨转速为1500r/min,研磨30min,得到改性片状石墨烯;
S2:将膨润土进行煅烧处理,煅烧温度为700℃,煅烧30min,得到扩展性膨润土;
S3:将改性片状石墨烯、扩展性膨润土送入到去离子水中进行超声分散,超声结束,于-5℃下放置20min,放置结束,恢复室温,然后水洗、干燥,得到膨润土-石墨烯复合体。
本实施例的超声功率为200W,超声20min。
本实施例的发泡剂为对甲苯磺酰肼
本实施例的聚酯多元醇是二乙二醇与己二酸经过缩聚反应制得,数均分子量为1000-2500;
异氰酸酯为碳化二亚胺改性MDI。
本实施例的交联剂为季戊四醇。
本实施例的发泡改性添加剂的制备方法为:将质量分数1-5%的稀土氯化镧溶液按照重量比1:4加入到聚氧乙烯醚中,随后再加入稀土氯化镧溶液总量20%的硅烷偶联剂Kh560,以500r/min的转速搅拌30min,搅拌结束,得到发泡改性添加剂。
本实施例的一种聚氨酯泡沫组合物的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
步骤一,将聚酯多元醇、异氰酸酯、有机活性聚合体改性复合膨润土、发泡剂、交联剂、发泡改性添加剂依次加入到搅拌机中进行混合处理,混合转速为500r/min,混合时间为20min,得到待发泡料;
步骤二,随后将待发泡料通过发泡机注入发泡模腔内,发泡时间为20min,发泡转速为500r/min,发泡中采用电子束照射,照射剂量为3KGy,发泡结束,得到本发明的聚氨酯泡沫组合物。
实施例3.
本实施例的一种聚氨酯泡沫组合物,包括以下重量份原料:
聚酯多元醇65份、异氰酸酯35份、有机活性聚合体改性复合膨润土6份、发泡剂3份、交联剂2份、发泡改性添加剂1.5份。
本实施例的有机活性聚合体改性复合膨润土的制备方法为:
步骤一:将苯酚、甲醛按照重量比1:2加入到反应釜中,然后搅拌混合充分,再加入苯酚总量15%的氢氧化钠,以65℃的温度反应20min,得到第一有机反应剂;
步骤二:然后将三聚氰胺、多聚甲醛按照重量比1:3混合,然后加入水和碱,于80℃下反应30min,随后再加入对苯二甲醛,调节pH至7.5,得到第二有机反应剂;
步骤三:第一有机反应剂、第二有机反应剂和活性介质体按照重量比2:1:5反应,80℃下反应30min,反应转速为750r/min,反应结束,得到活性聚合改性体:
步骤四:将膨润土-石墨烯复合体按照重量比1:7加入到活性聚合改性体中,于80℃下反应30min,反应转速为750r/min,反应结束,得到有机活性聚合体改性复合膨润土。
本实施例的活性介质体的制备方法为:
S1:将葡萄糖醛酸内酯按照重量比1:5加入到丙酮溶剂中混合,混合搅拌充分,得到介质反应体;
S2:用质量分数3.5%的冰醋酸配制成4.5%的壳聚糖溶液,将壳聚糖溶液按照重量比1:5加入到介质反应体中,搅拌充分,得到活性介质体。
本实施例的膨润土-石墨烯复合体的制备方法为:
S1:将石墨烯送入到研磨机内进行研磨,研磨转速为1250r/min,研磨25min,得到改性片状石墨烯;
S2:将膨润土进行煅烧处理,煅烧温度为600℃,煅烧20min,得到扩展性膨润土;
S3:将改性片状石墨烯、扩展性膨润土送入到去离子水中进行超声分散,超声结束,于-5℃下放置15min,放置结束,恢复室温,然后水洗、干燥,得到膨润土-石墨烯复合体。
本实施例的超声功率为200W,超声15min。
本实施例的发泡剂为二亚硝基五亚甲基四胺。
本实施例的聚酯多元醇是1,4-丁二醇与己二酸经过缩聚反应制得,数均分子量为1000-2500;
异氰酸酯为碳化二亚胺改性MDI。
本实施例的交联剂为丙三醇。
本实施例的发泡改性添加剂的制备方法为:将质量分数2%的稀土氯化镧溶液按照重量比1:4加入到聚氧乙烯醚中,随后再加入稀土氯化镧溶液总量15%的硅烷偶联剂Kh560,以300r/min的转速搅拌25min,搅拌结束,得到发泡改性添加剂。
本实施例的一种聚氨酯泡沫组合物的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
步骤一,将聚酯多元醇、异氰酸酯、有机活性聚合体改性复合膨润土、发泡剂、交联剂、发泡改性添加剂依次加入到搅拌机中进行混合处理,混合转速为400r/min,混合时间为15min,得到待发泡料;
步骤二,随后将待发泡料通过发泡机注入发泡模腔内,发泡时间为15min,发泡转速为300r/min,发泡中采用电子束照射,照射剂量为2KGy,发泡结束,得到本发明的聚氨酯泡沫组合物。
对比例1.
与实施例3不同是未添加有机活性聚合体改性复合膨润土。
对比例2.
与实施例3不同是未添加发泡改性添加剂。
对比例3.
与实施例3不同是未电子束照射。
实施例1-3及对比例1-3产品性能测试如下:
从实施例1-3及对比例1-3可看出,本发明实施例3产品强度性能和保温性能均较为优异,添加有机活性聚合体改性复合膨润土、发泡改性添加剂对产品性能有一定影响。
有机活性聚合体改性复合膨润土的制备方法为:
步骤一:将苯酚、甲醛按照重量比1:2加入到反应釜中,然后搅拌混合充分,再加入苯酚总量15%的氢氧化钠,以65℃的温度反应20min,得到第一有机反应剂;
步骤二:然后将三聚氰胺、多聚甲醛按照重量比1:3混合,然后加入水和碱,于80℃下反应30min,随后再加入对苯二甲醛,调节pH至7.5,得到第二有机反应剂;
步骤三:第一有机反应剂、第二有机反应剂和活性介质体按照重量比2:1:5反应,80℃下反应30min,反应转速为750r/min,反应结束,得到活性聚合改性体:
步骤四:将膨润土-石墨烯复合体按照重量比1:7加入到活性聚合改性体中,于80℃下反应30min,反应转速为750r/min,反应结束,得到有机活性聚合体改性复合膨润土。
本发明对有机活性聚合体改性复合膨润土进一步的探究研发处理。
实验例1
与实施例3产品原料相同,唯有不同是未加入第二有机反应剂。
实验例2
与实施例3产品原料相同,唯有不同是未加入活性介质体。
实验例3
与实施例3产品原料相同,唯有不同是膨润土-石墨烯复合体采用石墨烯单体。
实验例4
与实施例3产品原料相同,唯有不同是膨润土-石墨烯复合体采用膨润土单体。
有机活性聚合体改性复合膨润土制备中,膨润土-石墨烯复合体采用单个石墨烯单体或膨润土单体,产品性能均变差,同时第二有机反应剂、活性介质体对产品的性能改善有一定优势。
本发明对膨润土-石墨烯复合体的制备方法进一步探究:
膨润土-石墨烯复合体的制备方法为:
S1:将石墨烯送入到研磨机内进行研磨,研磨转速为1250r/min,研磨25min,得到改性片状石墨烯;
S2:将膨润土进行煅烧处理,煅烧温度为600℃,煅烧20min,得到扩展性膨润土;
S3:将改性片状石墨烯、扩展性膨润土送入到去离子水中进行超声分散,超声结束,于-5℃下放置15min,放置结束,恢复室温,然后水洗、干燥,得到膨润土-石墨烯复合体。
对比实验例3测试:产品石墨烯改性中,未经过研磨处理;
对比实验例4测试:膨润土未经过煅烧处理;
对比实施例3测试:改性片状石墨烯、扩展性膨润土未采用-5℃下放置15min;经过实验测试,产品石墨烯未经过研磨、膨润土煅烧和未采用-5℃下放置处理,产品的拉伸强度、断裂伸长率和导热系数均变差。
这是由于膨润土-石墨烯复合体制备中,采用石墨烯研磨成更细的片状结构,而膨润土经过煅烧后,层间距扩张,通过在去离子水中超声分散,片状石墨烯穿插在层间距中,通过-5℃下改进,膨润土层间距收缩,从而形成的膨润土-石墨烯复合体具有膨润土的阻隔性能,提高保温效果,同时又具有石墨烯片状韧性冲击性能,提高产品力学性能,而石墨烯本身片状也具有阻隔效果,进而膨润土-石墨烯复合体可显著提高产品的保温效果。
对于本领域技术人员而言,显然本发明不限于上述示范性实施例的细节,而且在不背离本发明的精神或基本特征的情况下,能够以其他的具体形式实现本发明。因此,无论从哪一点来看,均应将实施例看作是示范性的,而且是非限制性的,本发明的范围由所附权利要求而不是上述说明限定,因此旨在将落在权利要求的等同要件的含义和范围内的所有变化囊括在本发明内。
此外,应当理解,虽然本说明书按照实施方式加以描述,但并非每个实施方式仅包含一个独立的技术方案,说明书的这种叙述方式仅仅是为清楚起见,本领域技术人员应当将说明书作为一个整体,各实施例中的技术方案也可以经适当组合,形成本领域技术人员可以理解的其他实施方式。
Claims (10)
1.一种聚氨酯泡沫组合物,其特征在于,包括以下重量份原料:
聚酯多元醇60-70份、异氰酸酯30-40份、有机活性聚合体改性复合膨润土4-8份、发泡剂1-5份、交联剂1-3份、发泡改性添加剂1-2份。
2.根据权利要求1所述一种聚氨酯泡沫组合物,其特征在于,所述聚氨酯泡沫组合物为以下重量份原料:
聚酯多元醇65份、异氰酸酯35份、有机活性聚合体改性复合膨润土6份、发泡剂3份、交联剂2份、发泡改性添加剂1.5份。
3.根据权利要求1所述一种聚氨酯泡沫组合物,其特征在于,所述有机活性聚合体改性复合膨润土的制备方法为:
步骤一:将苯酚、甲醛按照重量比1:2加入到反应釜中,然后搅拌混合充分,再加入苯酚总量10-20%的氢氧化钠,以60-70℃的温度反应15-25min,得到第一有机反应剂;
步骤二:然后将三聚氰胺、多聚甲醛按照重量比1:3混合,然后加入水和碱,于75-85℃下反应25-35min,随后再加入对苯二甲醛,调节pH至7.5,得到第二有机反应剂;
步骤三:第一有机反应剂、第二有机反应剂和活性介质体按照重量比2:1:5反应,75-85℃下反应25-35min,反应转速为500-1000r/min,反应结束,得到活性聚合改性体:
步骤四:将膨润土-石墨烯复合体按照重量比1:7加入到活性聚合改性体中,于75-85℃下反应25-35min,反应转速为500-1000r/min,反应结束,得到有机活性聚合体改性复合膨润土。
4.根据权利要求3所述一种聚氨酯泡沫组合物,其特征在于,所述活性介质体的制备方法为:
S1:将葡萄糖醛酸内酯按照重量比1:5加入到丙酮溶剂中混合,混合搅拌充分,得到介质反应体;
S2:用质量分数2-5%的冰醋酸配制成4-5%的壳聚糖溶液,将壳聚糖溶液按照重量比1:5加入到介质反应体中,搅拌充分,得到活性介质体。
5.根据权利要求3所述一种聚氨酯泡沫组合物,其特征在于,所述膨润土-石墨烯复合体的制备方法为:
S1:将石墨烯送入到研磨机内进行研磨,研磨转速为1000-1500r/min,研磨20-30min,得到改性片状石墨烯;
S2:将膨润土进行煅烧处理,煅烧温度为500-700℃,煅烧10-30min,得到扩展性膨润土;
S3:将改性片状石墨烯、扩展性膨润土送入到去离子水中进行超声分散,超声结束,于-5℃下放置10-20min,放置结束,恢复室温,然后水洗、干燥,得到膨润土-石墨烯复合体。
6.根据权利要求5所述一种聚氨酯泡沫组合物,其特征在于,所述超声功率为200W,超声10-20min。
7.根据权利要求1所述一种聚氨酯泡沫组合物,其特征在于,所述发泡剂为偶氮二异丁腈、对甲苯磺酰肼、二亚硝基五亚甲基四胺或对甲苯磺酰叠氮中的任意一种或至少两种的组合。
8.根据权利要求1所述一种聚氨酯泡沫组合物,其特征在于,所述聚酯多元醇是乙二醇、二乙二醇、1,4-丁二醇、甘油、三羟甲基丙烷中的一种或几种的混合物与己二酸经过缩聚反应制得,数均分子量为1000-2500;
异氰酸酯为纯MDI、碳化二亚胺改性MDI、MDI-50或聚合MDI中的一种或多种;
所述交联剂为二乙醇胺、丙三醇、季戊四醇、三羟甲基丙烷中的一种或多种组合物。
9.根据权利要求1所述一种聚氨酯泡沫组合物,其特征在于,所述发泡改性添加剂的制备方法为:将质量分数1-5%的稀土氯化镧溶液按照重量比1:4加入到聚氧乙烯醚中,随后再加入稀土氯化镧溶液总量10-20%的硅烷偶联剂Kh560,以100-500r/min的转速搅拌20-30min,搅拌结束,得到发泡改性添加剂。
10.一种如权利要求1-9任一项所述聚氨酯泡沫组合物的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
步骤一,将聚酯多元醇、异氰酸酯、有机活性聚合体改性复合膨润土、发泡剂、交联剂、发泡改性添加剂依次加入到搅拌机中进行混合处理,混合转速为300-500r/min,混合时间为10-20min,得到待发泡料;
步骤二,随后将待发泡料通过发泡机注入发泡模腔内,发泡时间为10-20min,发泡转速为100-500r/min,发泡中采用电子束照射,照射剂量为1-3KGy,发泡结束,得到本发明的聚氨酯泡沫组合物。
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