CN114703505B - Preparation method of metal atom electrocatalyst with stable carbon atom coordination - Google Patents

Preparation method of metal atom electrocatalyst with stable carbon atom coordination Download PDF

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CN114703505B
CN114703505B CN202210350739.XA CN202210350739A CN114703505B CN 114703505 B CN114703505 B CN 114703505B CN 202210350739 A CN202210350739 A CN 202210350739A CN 114703505 B CN114703505 B CN 114703505B
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carbon
electrocatalyst
metal
carrier
atom
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CN114703505A (en
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朱远蹠
彭程
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Kunming University of Science and Technology
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25BELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B11/00Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for
    • C25B11/04Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for characterised by the material
    • C25B11/051Electrodes formed of electrocatalysts on a substrate or carrier
    • C25B11/073Electrodes formed of electrocatalysts on a substrate or carrier characterised by the electrocatalyst material
    • C25B11/091Electrodes formed of electrocatalysts on a substrate or carrier characterised by the electrocatalyst material consisting of at least one catalytic element and at least one catalytic compound; consisting of two or more catalytic elements or catalytic compounds

Abstract

The invention discloses a preparation method of a metal atom electrocatalyst with stable coordination of carbon atoms, which belongs to the field of new chemical material catalysis, and comprises the steps of placing a self-supporting carbon-based carrier material without nitrogen elements in CO 2 Performing high-temperature treatment in an atmosphere to obtain a porous carbon carrier, preparing a metal salt precursor, dripping the metal salt precursor onto the porous carbon carrier, drying, connecting the dried porous carbon carrier to a conductive copper sheet, applying current to the dried porous carbon carrier in an inert atmosphere, and dispersing and anchoring metal atoms on a carbon substrate by utilizing Joule heat to obtain a metal atom electrocatalyst with stable carbon atom coordination; the prepared electrocatalyst has the advantages that the carbon coordination atoms can effectively adjust the electronic structure of the metal active center, and the self-supporting macrostructure is favorable for reducing the interface contact resistance in the electrocatalytic process, so that the electrocatalyst has good application prospect in the fields of electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution under high current density and the like.

Description

Preparation method of metal atom electrocatalyst with stable carbon atom coordination
Technical Field
The invention relates to a preparation method of a metal atom electrocatalyst with stable carbon atom coordination, belonging to the field of new chemical material catalysis.
Background
The catalyst with carbon-based material loaded with transition metal atoms has the maximum atom utilization efficiency, and the interaction between metal atoms and a carrier can adjust the electrocatalytic activity, so that the catalyst is a promising electrocatalyst for reactions related to a plurality of energies. However, the surface of metal atoms has higher surface free energy, which is extremely easy to cause the phenomena of atom aggregation and instability. Currently, metal atom electrocatalysts coordinated with nitrogen have been studied more than carbon coordination. The electronegativity of carbon atoms is lower than that of nitrogen atoms, and coordination of metal atoms to carbon can redistribute the charge in the center of the metal atoms. The electronic structure of the metal active center can be effectively regulated by pure carbon atom coordination, and the self-supporting macroscopic structure is beneficial to reducing interface contact resistance in the electrocatalytic process. The conventional synthesis methods have the problems of high energy consumption, severe conditions, complicated procedures, uncontrollable capacity, low loading capacity and the like, and seriously hamper the development of electrocatalysts of transition metal sites. Thus, simple and efficient preparation of electrocatalysts of carbon-coordinated transition metal atoms at ambient temperature and pressure is a current challenge.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems of the existing preparation method and coordination regulation of the transition metal atom electrocatalyst, the invention provides the preparation method of the metal atom electrocatalyst with stable coordination of carbon atoms, which not only can simply and efficiently prepare the metal atom electrocatalyst, but also can show excellent electrocatalytic activity through the coordination stability of the carbon atoms.
The preparation method of the metal atom electrocatalyst with stable coordination of carbon atoms of the invention leads the self-supporting carbon-based carrier material without nitrogen element to be in CO 2 Performing high-temperature treatment in an atmosphere to obtain a porous carbon carrier, preparing a metal salt precursor, dripping the metal salt precursor onto the porous carbon carrier, drying, connecting the dried porous carbon carrier to a conductive copper sheet, applying current to the dried porous carbon carrier in an inert atmosphere, and dispersing and anchoring metal atoms on a carbon substrate by utilizing Joule heat to obtain a metal atom electrocatalyst with stable carbon atom coordination; electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution has excellent catalytic activity under high current density.
The self-supporting carbon-based carrier material without nitrogen element is carbon cloth, carbon paper or PVA-based carbon nanofiber membrane.
The metal salt is one or more of cobalt nitrate, nickel chloride and cobalt acetylacetonate, and the load of the metal salt is 1% -20% of the mass of the porous carbon carrier.
The temperature of the high-temperature treatment of the self-supporting carbon-based carrier material without nitrogen element is 200-1000 ℃, and the treatment time is 15-600 min.
The applied current is a programmable direct current power supply, the current parameter is 0.5A-5.5A, the times of thermal oscillation are 1-20 times, and the time of each oscillation is 0.5 s-20 s.
It is another object of the present invention to provide a metal atom electrocatalyst with stable coordination of carbon atoms produced by the above method.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
compared with the existing preparation method of the transition metal atom electrocatalyst and the nitrogen atom coordination regulation, the preparation method has the advantages of short time consumption, easy regulation and control and simple operation; the carbon atom is taken as a central atom, and can have stronger interaction with the metal atom, so that the metal atom electrocatalyst can be simply and efficiently prepared, and the excellent electrocatalyst activity can be stably shown through coordination of the carbon atom.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a photograph of carbon cloth used in the preparation of example 1.
Fig. 2 is an SEM image of the carbon cloth prepared in example 1.
FIG. 3 is a spherical aberration electron microscope image of an electrocatalyst with transition metal cobalt atom sites supported on carbon cloth prepared in example 1;
FIG. 4 is a BET characterization of the raw carbon cloth and the carbon cloth of the supported transition metal atom sites prepared in example 1;
FIG. 5 is an electrocatalytic hydrogen LSV curve of the original carbon cloth and supported transition metal atom site carbon cloth prepared in example 1.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail by way of examples, but the scope of the present invention is not limited to the above description; the methods in the examples are all conventional methods unless specified otherwise, and the reagents are all conventional commercial reagents or reagents prepared by conventional methods unless specified otherwise;
example 1
Selecting carbon cloth as a self-supporting carbon-based carrier material, cutting the carbon cloth, and then placing the cut carbon cloth in a tubular furnace CO 2 Treating at 900deg.C for 180min to obtain porous carbon carrier, and weighing Co (NO) 3 ) 2 ·6H 2 O preparing a metal salt precursor solution, wherein the loading amount of the metal salt is 3% of the mass of the porous carbon carrier, then dripping the metal salt precursor solution onto the porous carbon carrier, drying at 60 ℃, respectively connecting two ends of the porous carbon carrier onto a conductive copper sheet, applying current to carbon cloth for a plurality of times by using a programmable direct current power supply in an Ar environment, setting the current to be 5A, carrying out 10 times of heat shock treatment on the carbon-based material by using generated Joule heat, and finally obtaining the metal Co atom electrocatalyst with a self-supporting structure and stable carbon atom coordination, wherein the time of each shock is 5 s.
The embodiment successfully prepares the electrocatalyst with stable coordination of carbon atoms and metal cobalt atoms, as shown in fig. 1, the carbon cloth has good conductivity and larger specific surface area, the electron transmission rate is improved, the SEM image of the carbon cloth is shown in fig. 2, and the carbon cloth is a three-dimensional network structure formed by interweaving carbon cloth fibers. After 10 times of periodic high-temperature heat shock, it is obvious that single metal Co atoms are dispersedly loaded on the carbon substrate, as shown in FIG. 3. The carbon cloth loaded with the transition metal atoms prepared in this example has a high specific surface area, as shown in fig. 4. The electrocatalyst prepared in this example was applied to electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction, and the result is shown in fig. 5, in which the metal atom electrocatalyst with stable carbon coordination shows excellent hydrogen evolution performance at high current density.
Example 2
Selecting carbon paper as a self-supporting carbon-based carrier material, cutting the carbon paper, and then placing the cut carbon paper in a tube furnace CO 2 Treating at 200deg.C for 600min to obtain porous carbon carrier, and weighing NiCl 2 ·6H 2 O preparing a metal salt precursor solution, wherein the loading amount of the metal salt is 10% of the mass of the porous carbon carrier, then dripping the metal salt precursor solution onto the porous carbon carrier, drying at 60 ℃, respectively connecting two ends of the porous carbon carrier onto a conductive copper sheet, applying current to carbon paper for a plurality of times by using a programmable direct current power supply in an Ar environment, setting the current to be 5.5A, carrying out 20 times of heat shock treatment on the carbon-based material by using generated Joule heat, and obtaining the metal Ni atom electrocatalyst with a self-supporting structure and stable carbon atom coordination after 8s of each shock time.
Example 3
PVA-based carbon nanofiber membrane (Dong Keqi. Electrostatic spinning method can be used for preparing PVA-based whole porous carbon nanofiber membrane and electrochemical performance research [ D ]]Prepared by the method in the university of east China) is a self-supporting carbon-based carrier material, and a PVA-based carbon nanofiber membrane is cut and then placed in a tube furnace CO 2 Treating at 1000deg.C for 15min to obtain porous carbon carrier, weighing cobalt acetylacetonate to prepare metal salt precursor solution, loading metal salt with 5% of porous carbon carrier mass, dripping metal salt precursor solution onto porous carbon carrier, drying at 60deg.C, connecting two ends of porous carbon carrier to conductive copper sheets, and placing under Ar environmentAnd applying current to the carbon paper for a plurality of times by using a programmable direct current power supply, setting the current to be 3A, and performing 15 times of thermal shock treatment on the carbon-based material by using generated Joule heat, wherein the shock time is 15s each time, so as to finally obtain the metal Ni atom electrocatalyst with a self-supporting structure and stable carbon atom coordination.
Example 4
Selecting carbon paper as a self-supporting carbon-based carrier material, cutting the carbon paper, and then placing the cut carbon paper in a tube furnace CO 2 And (3) processing at 700 ℃ for 100min in an atmosphere to obtain a porous carbon carrier, weighing cobalt acetylacetonate to prepare a metal salt precursor solution, wherein the metal salt loading amount is 1% of the mass of the porous carbon carrier, then dripping the metal salt precursor solution onto the porous carbon carrier, drying at 60 ℃, respectively connecting two ends of the porous carbon carrier onto a conductive copper sheet, repeatedly applying current to the porous carbon carrier by using a programmable direct current power supply in an Ar environment, setting the current to be 0.5A, carrying out 5 times of thermal shock treatment on the carbon-based material by using generated Joule heat, and obtaining the metal Co atom electrocatalyst with a self-supporting structure and stable carbon atom coordination every time is 12 s.
Example 5
Selecting carbon cloth as self-supporting carbon-based material, cutting the carbon cloth, and then placing the cut carbon cloth in a tubular furnace CO 2 Treating at 500 deg.C for 400min to obtain porous carbon carrier, and weighing NiCl 2 ·6H 2 O preparing a metal salt precursor solution, wherein the loading amount of the metal salt is 15% of the mass of the porous carbon carrier, then dripping the metal salt precursor solution onto the porous carbon carrier, drying at 60 ℃, respectively connecting two ends of the porous carbon carrier onto a conductive copper sheet, applying current to the porous carbon carrier for a plurality of times by using a programmable direct current power supply in an Ar environment, setting the current to be 5.5A, carrying out 1 time of heat shock treatment on the carbon-based material by using generated Joule heat, wherein the shock time is 20s each time, and finally obtaining the metal Ni atom electrocatalyst with a self-supporting structure and stable carbon atom coordination.
Example 6
Selecting a PVA-based carbon nanofiber membrane as a self-supporting carbon-based carrier material, cutting the PVA-based carbon nanofiber membrane, and then placing the cut PVA-based carbon nanofiber membrane in a tubular furnace CO 2 Treating at 800 deg.C for 480min in atmosphere to obtain porous materialAnd (3) weighing the cobalt acetylacetonate to prepare a metal salt precursor solution, wherein the loading amount of the metal salt is 15% of the mass of the porous carbon carrier, then dripping the metal salt precursor solution onto the porous carbon carrier, drying at 60 ℃, respectively connecting two ends of the porous carbon carrier onto a conductive copper sheet, applying current to the porous carbon carrier for a plurality of times by using a programmable direct current power supply in an Ar environment, setting the current to be 4A, carrying out 10 times of heat shock treatment on the carbon-based material by using generated Joule heat, and obtaining the metal Co atom electrocatalyst with a self-supporting structure and stable carbon atom coordination after 20s of each shock time.
Example 7
Selecting carbon cloth as a self-supporting carbon-based carrier material, cutting the carbon cloth, and then placing the cut carbon cloth in a tubular furnace CO 2 And (3) treating at 400 ℃ in the atmosphere for 400min to obtain a porous carbon carrier, weighing cobalt acetylacetonate to prepare a metal salt precursor solution, wherein the metal salt loading amount is 20% of the mass of the porous carbon carrier, then dripping the metal salt precursor solution onto the porous carbon carrier, drying at 60 ℃, respectively connecting two ends of the porous carbon carrier onto a conductive copper sheet, applying current to the carbon cloth for a plurality of times by using a programmable direct current power supply in an Ar environment, setting the current to be 2.5A, carrying out 15 times of thermal shock treatment on the carbon-based material by using generated Joule heat, and obtaining the metal Co atomic electro-catalyst with a self-supporting structure and stable carbon atom coordination after each shock time is 8 s.

Claims (2)

1. Use of a metal atom electrocatalyst with stable coordination of carbon atoms in electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution;
the metal atom electrocatalyst with stable coordination of carbon atoms is prepared by mixing self-supporting carbon-based carrier material without nitrogen element in CO 2 Performing high-temperature treatment in an atmosphere to obtain a porous carbon carrier, preparing a metal salt precursor, dripping the metal salt precursor onto the porous carbon carrier, drying, connecting the dried porous carbon carrier to a conductive copper sheet, applying current to the dried porous carbon carrier in an inert atmosphere, and dispersing and anchoring metal atoms on a carbon substrate by utilizing Joule heat to obtain a metal atom electrocatalyst with stable carbon atom coordination;
the temperature of the high-temperature treatment of the self-supporting carbon-based carrier material without nitrogen element is 800-1000 ℃, and the treatment time is 180-400 min;
the current is applied by a programmable direct current power supply, the current parameter is 0.5A-5.5A, the times of thermal oscillation are 10-20 times, and the time of each oscillation is 5 s-20 s;
the metal salt is one or more of cobalt nitrate, nickel chloride and cobalt acetylacetonate; the load of the metal salt is 3% -5% of the mass of the porous carbon carrier.
2. The use according to claim 1, characterized in that: the self-supporting carbon-based carrier material without nitrogen element is carbon cloth, carbon paper or PVA-based carbon nanofiber membrane.
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