CN114164445B - V-Ni constructed based on doping and heterojunction strategy 3 FeN/Ni@N-GTs full-hydropower catalyst - Google Patents

V-Ni constructed based on doping and heterojunction strategy 3 FeN/Ni@N-GTs full-hydropower catalyst Download PDF

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CN114164445B
CN114164445B CN202111682383.1A CN202111682383A CN114164445B CN 114164445 B CN114164445 B CN 114164445B CN 202111682383 A CN202111682383 A CN 202111682383A CN 114164445 B CN114164445 B CN 114164445B
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catalyst
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hydropower
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CN114164445A (en
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宋冠英
李镇江
骆思琪
孟阿兰
赵健
周晴
邹家琛
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Qingdao University of Science and Technology
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25BELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B11/00Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for
    • C25B11/04Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for characterised by the material
    • C25B11/051Electrodes formed of electrocatalysts on a substrate or carrier
    • C25B11/054Electrodes comprising electrocatalysts supported on a carrier
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25BELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B1/00Electrolytic production of inorganic compounds or non-metals
    • C25B1/01Products
    • C25B1/02Hydrogen or oxygen
    • C25B1/04Hydrogen or oxygen by electrolysis of water
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25BELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B11/00Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for
    • C25B11/04Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for characterised by the material
    • C25B11/051Electrodes formed of electrocatalysts on a substrate or carrier
    • C25B11/055Electrodes formed of electrocatalysts on a substrate or carrier characterised by the substrate or carrier material
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25BELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B11/00Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for
    • C25B11/04Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for characterised by the material
    • C25B11/051Electrodes formed of electrocatalysts on a substrate or carrier
    • C25B11/073Electrodes formed of electrocatalysts on a substrate or carrier characterised by the electrocatalyst material
    • C25B11/091Electrodes formed of electrocatalysts on a substrate or carrier characterised by the electrocatalyst material consisting of at least one catalytic element and at least one catalytic compound; consisting of two or more catalytic elements or catalytic compounds
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/36Hydrogen production from non-carbon containing sources, e.g. by water electrolysis

Abstract

The invention discloses a V-Ni constructed based on doping and heterojunction strategies 3 FeN/Ni@N-GTs full-hydropower catalyst. Firstly, growing a V-doped Ni Fe precursor on a nitrogen-doped graphene tube carrier by a hydrothermal method, then heating to 470 ℃ in a tube furnace, introducing ammonia gas, and nitriding for 2 hours to obtain V-doped Ni which grows on the nitrogen-doped graphene tube in situ 3 Electrocatalyst comprising FeN and Ni nanoparticles, i.e. V-Ni 3 FeN/Ni@N-GTs. Based on V doping to Ni 3 Effective regulation and control of Ni, fe electronic structure in FeN, V-Ni 3 The electric charge rearrangement induced by the heterojunction interface of FeN and Ni and the synergistic effect of good conductivity and the like of the nitrogen-doped graphene tube carrier show excellent electrocatalytic activity and stability in hydrogen evolution reaction and oxygen evolution reaction in alkaline medium; simultaneously used as an anode catalyst and a cathode catalyst for catalyzing full hydrolysis reaction, and the cell voltage of only 1.55V can reach 10mA cm ‑2 And exhibits excellent stability.

Description

V-Ni constructed based on doping and heterojunction strategy 3 FeN/Ni@N-GTs full-hydropower catalyst
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of electrocatalytic materials, and particularly relates to a V-Ni constructed based on doping and heterojunction strategies 3 FeN/Ni@N-GTs full-hydropower catalystPreparation and application.
Background
Hydrogen energy is widely regarded as a sustainable alternative energy source by virtue of the advantages of higher mass specific energy density and no carbon emissions, and can solve the environmental problems caused by the consumption of traditional fossil energy sources. Electrocatalytic pyrolysis water is an effective way to obtain clean hydrogen fuel involving two half reactions: both cathodic Hydrogen Evolution (HER) and anodic Oxygen Evolution (OER) reactions are achieved depending on highly efficient electrocatalysts. To date, pt-and Ir/Ru-oxide based catalysts have remained considered ideal electrocatalysts for HER and OER. However, their large-scale commercial application is hampered by the expensive cost and relatively low reserves. A full-hydropower catalyst capable of having both HER and OER functions in the same electrolyte would reduce the cost of electrocatalytic cleavage of water. In recent years, some non-noble metal-based bifunctional electrocatalysts have been developed by researchers, mainly transition metal phosphides, sulfides, carbides, nitrides, and the like. Among them, transition metal nitrides are becoming ideal materials for full-hydropower catalysts by virtue of their low resistance, wide d-band, excellent corrosion resistance and good mechanical strength.
Since the surface electronic structure of the catalyst is a main factor affecting the catalytic activity, effective strategies can be adopted to optimize the catalyst electronic structure and improve the catalytic activity. First, heteroatom doping has been considered as an effective strategy for modulating the electronic structure of the procatalyst. The hetero atoms with different electronegativity are introduced into the transition metal nitride crystal lattice to induce the redistribution of electron density, and the electron structure of the main catalyst is accurately regulated and controlled, so that the adsorption and desorption behaviors of intermediates in the reaction process are optimized, and the activity of the catalyst is further improved. In addition, the heterojunction structure formed by materials with different work functions can induce charges to be rearranged at a heterogeneous interface to form a relatively stable local electrophilic/nucleophilic region, and can meet the requirement of an ideal hydrogen evolution and oxygen evolution bifunctional electrocatalyst on charge distribution. Finally, in order to improve the overall conductivity of the transition metal nitride, it is an effective method to introduce a carbon material having excellent conductivity as a skeletonMeanwhile, the agglomeration of active ingredients in the catalytic process can be avoided, and the exposed active sites are increased, so that the hydrogen evolution and oxygen evolution activities are improved. In summary, the method combines doping and heterojunction strategies, and prepares the V-doped Ni grown on the nitrogen-doped graphene tube in situ by using the nitrogen-doped graphene tube as a carrier through a hydrothermal and nitriding method 3 Full hydropower catalyst composed of FeN and Ni nano particles, namely V-Ni 3 FeN/Ni@N-GTs. The catalyst shows high-efficiency and stable electrocatalytic activity for hydrogen evolution and oxygen evolution reactions in alkaline medium. And by V-Ni 3 FeN/Ni@N-GTs are simultaneously used as a cathode catalyst and an anode catalyst to carry out full water decomposition to generate 10mA cm -2 Only a cell voltage of 1.55V is required and exhibits excellent stability.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for constructing V-Ni based on doping and heterojunction strategies 3 FeN/Ni@N-GTs full-hydropower catalyst. The specific invention comprises the following steps:
1. the nitrogen-doped graphene tube is used as a carrier, and V-doped Ni grown on the nitrogen-doped graphene tube in situ is obtained through a hydrothermal and nitriding method 3 Full hydropower catalyst V-Ni composed of FeN and Ni nano particles 3 FeN/Ni@N-GTs are prepared by the following method:
(1) Weigh 4mmol NH 4 F,8mmol CH 4 N 2 O and 0.08-0.15 mmol Na 3 VO 4 Dissolving in 70mL of distilled water, weighing 2mmol of nickel nitrate and ferric nitrate according to a molar ratio of 5:1, dissolving in the solution, transferring into a reaction kettle, immersing a nitrogen-doped graphene tube growing on a graphite sheet into the reaction kettle, performing a hydrothermal reaction at a reaction temperature of 120 ℃ for 6 hours, and washing and drying a product to obtain a V-doped NiFe precursor loaded on the nitrogen-doped graphene tube;
(2) Placing the product obtained in the step (1) into a tubular furnace, heating to 470 ℃ in an argon atmosphere, closing argon, introducing ammonia gas for 2 hours at the set temperature, and cooling to room temperature to obtain the full-hydropower catalyst V-Ni 3 FeN/Ni@N-GTs。
2. The full-hydroelectric catalyst V-Ni 3 FeN/Ni@N-GTs show excellent electrocatalytic performance in alkaline medium, and can reach 10mA cm only by using a cell voltage of 1.55V as a full-hydropower catalyst -2 And exhibits excellent stability.
The V-Ni constructed based on doping and heterojunction strategies 3 Compared with the prior art, the FeN/Ni@N-GTs full-hydropower catalyst has the advantages that:
(1) Heterogeneous atom V is introduced into the electrocatalyst, and host material Ni is accurately regulated and controlled 3 The electronic structures of Ni and Fe in FeN are optimized, so that the adsorption and desorption actions of an intermediate in the reaction process are optimized, and the activity of the catalyst is improved;
(2) Doping Ni with V 3 The heterojunction formed by the FeN and Ni nano particles can induce charges to be rearranged at a heterogeneous interface, so that a relatively stable local electrophilic/nucleophilic region is formed, and the catalytic activity of hydrogen evolution/oxygen evolution of the heterojunction is respectively improved;
(3) The nitrogen doped graphene tube with excellent conductivity is introduced as a carrier, so that the overall conductivity of the catalyst can be improved, the aggregation of active ingredients in the catalytic process can be avoided, and the exposed active sites are increased, so that the hydrogen evolution and oxygen evolution performances are improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a full water-splitting catalyst V-Ni prepared in example 1 3 SEM photograph of FeN/Ni@N-GTs, (a) 2 μm, (b) 500nm;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing a full water-splitting catalyst V-Ni obtained in example 1 3 TEM (a) photographs of FeN/Ni@N-GTs, and HRTEM (b);
FIG. 3 is a full water-splitting catalyst V-Ni prepared in example 1 3 XRD spectra of FeN/Ni@N-GTs;
FIG. 4 shows a full water-splitting catalyst V-Ni prepared in example 1 3 XPS spectrum of FeN/Ni@N-GTs, (a) V2 p spectrum, (b) Ni 2p spectrum, and (c) Fe 2p spectrum;
FIG. 5 shows the electrocatalyst V-Ni prepared in example 1 3 Hydrogen evolution reaction Performance graph of FeN/Ni@N-GTs in 1mol/L KOH solution for electrocatalytically decomposing water, (a) LSV graph (iR correction), (b) Tafel slope plot, (c) stability test plot;
FIG. 6 shows the electrocatalyst V-Ni prepared in example 1 3 Oxygen evolution reaction performance diagram of FeN/Ni@N-GTs in 1mol/L KOH solution for electrocatalytically decomposing water, (a) LSV curve diagram (iR correction), (b) Tafel slope diagram, (c) stability test diagram;
FIG. 7 shows the electrocatalyst V-Ni prepared in example 1 3 FeN/Ni@N-GTs are used as cathode and anode catalysts simultaneously and are applied to an electrocatalytic full water decomposition performance graph, (a) an LSV curve graph (iR correction) and (b) a stability test graph.
Detailed Description
The present invention is described in further detail below in connection with specific examples, which, however, do not limit the scope of the invention in any way.
Example 1
The full hydropower catalyst V-Ni of this example 3 The preparation method of the FeN/Ni@N-GTs comprises the following steps:
(1) Weigh 0.108mmol Na 3 VO 4 、4mmol NH 4 F and 8mmol CH 4 N 2 O is dissolved in 70mL of distilled water, 2mmol of nickel nitrate and ferric nitrate are weighed according to the mol ratio of 5:1, dissolved in the solution, transferred to a reaction kettle (100 mL), and simultaneously, a nitrogen-doped graphene tube growing on a graphite sheet is immersed in the reaction kettle for hydrothermal reaction, the reaction temperature is 120 ℃, the reaction time is 6h, and then the product is washed and dried, so that a V-doped NiFe precursor loaded on the nitrogen-doped graphene tube is obtained;
(2) Putting the product obtained in the step (1) into a tubular furnace, heating to 470 ℃ at 5 ℃/min in Ar atmosphere, closing argon, introducing ammonia gas for 2h at the temperature, and cooling to room temperature to obtain the full-hydropower catalyst V-Ni 3 FeN/Ni@N-GTs。
SEM pictures of different magnifications of the full-hydropower catalyst are shown in figures 1 (a) and (b) in the specification, and the carrier material is uniformly tubular, the diameter is 200-250 nm, and the V-Ni 3 FeN/Ni is granular and uniformly anchored on the surface of the nitrogen-doped graphene tube, and the grain size is 10-30 nm. TEM and HRTEM pictures of the fluorescent lamp are shown in the specificationIn the drawings, FIGS. 2 (a), (b), it is clear from FIG. 2 (a) that V-Ni 3 The granular structure of FeN/Ni is clearly seen from FIG. 2 (b) as two different interplanar spacings d where a lattice fringe having a d value of 0.203nm corresponds to the (111) crystal plane of metallic Ni and a lattice fringe having a d value of 0.266nm corresponds to Ni 3 The (110) crystal plane of FeN, the result confirms the V-Ni in the product 3 Successful preparation of FeN/Ni heterojunction. The XRD patterns are shown in figure 3, and the characteristic peaks at 41.3 degrees, 48.0 degrees, 70.3 degrees and 85.2 degrees are matched with Ni 3 The (1 1 1), (2 0), (2 2 0) and (3 1) planes of FeN coincide (JCDF # 50-1434), characteristic peaks at 44.3 DEG, 51.6 DEG and 76.1 DEG are attributed to the (1 1 1), (2 0) and (3 1) planes of Ni (JCDF # 04-0850), and this result confirms that Ni in the product 3 FeN coexists with Ni. The XPS spectrum of figure 4 characterizes the surface composition and chemical valence state of the full hydropower catalyst, and the V element is successfully doped into Ni as can be seen from the V spectrum of figure 4 (a) 3 As can be seen from the Ni 2p spectra of FIG. 4 (b) and the Fe 2p spectra of FIG. 4 (c), in FeN, compared with undoped Ni 3 FeN, doped Ni 3 The d-band centers of Ni and Fe in FeN are shifted to the low-energy direction, which shows that the doping of V element effectively adjusts Ni 3 Electronic structure of FeN.
The electrocatalytic performance test of the product adopts a three-electrode system, and the V-Ni is loaded 3 The graphite sheet of the FeN/Ni@N-GTs electrocatalyst is used as a working electrode, a Pt electrode (oxygen evolution reaction) and a graphite electrode (hydrogen evolution reaction) are used as counter electrodes, a Hg/HgO electrode is used as a reference electrode, a KOH aqueous solution of 1mol/L is used as electrolyte, and a CHI 760E electrochemical workstation is used for testing the catalytic activity and stability of the hydrogen evolution reaction and the oxygen evolution reaction of the product. FIG. 5 (a), (b) and (c) are the electrocatalysts V-Ni prepared in this example 3 Performance of FeN/Ni@N-GTs for electrocatalytic decomposition water hydrogen evolution reaction, as can be seen from the graph, the catalyst has a current density of 10mA cm -2 At the time of hydrogen evolution reaction, the overpotential was 66mV and the Tafel slope was 88mV dec -1 And at 10mAcm -2 The lower part can be kept for 35 hours without obvious change of current density, which shows that the hydrogen evolution device has good hydrogen evolution stability; FIG. 6 (a), (b) and (c) are the electrocatalysts V-Ni prepared in this example 3 Performance of FeN/Ni@N-GTs for electrocatalytic decomposition of water to oxygen reaction, as can be seen from the graph, the catalyst has a current density of 10mA cm -2 When the overpotential of the oxygen evolution reaction was 252mV, the Tafel slope was 29mV dec -1 And at 10mA cm -2 The lower part can be kept for 35 hours without obvious change of current density, which shows that the oxygen evolution stability is good.
The graphite sheet carrying the product of example 1 was used as both anode and cathode, a two-electrode system electrolytic cell was constructed, 1mol/L KOH aqueous solution was used as electrolyte, and the catalytic activity and stability of the electrode for catalyzing full water decomposition were tested by using CHI 660E electrochemical workstation, as shown in FIG. 7 (a) and (b), the electrocatalyst V-Ni prepared in this example 3 FeN/Ni@N-GTs have excellent electrocatalytic full water dissolving performance and generate 10mA cm -2 Only a cell voltage of 1.55V was required and the catalytic activity was kept substantially unchanged by the 35 hour current stability test, exhibiting excellent stability.

Claims (3)

1. V-Ni constructed based on doping and heterojunction strategy 3 The FeN/Ni@N-GTs full-hydropower catalyst is characterized in that V doped Ni grown on a nitrogen doped graphene tube in situ is obtained through a hydrothermal and nitriding method 3 The full-hydropower catalyst composed of FeN and Ni nano particles is characterized by being prepared by the following steps:
(1) Weigh 4mmol NH 4 F,8mmol CH 4 N 2 O and 0.08-0.15 mmol Na 3 VO 4 Dissolving in 70mL of distilled water, weighing 2mmol of nickel nitrate and ferric nitrate according to a molar ratio of 5:1, dissolving in the solution, transferring into a reaction kettle, immersing a nitrogen-doped graphene tube growing on a graphite sheet into the reaction kettle, performing a hydrothermal reaction at a reaction temperature of 120 ℃ for 6 hours, and washing and drying a product to obtain a V-doped NiFe precursor loaded on the nitrogen-doped graphene tube;
(2) Placing the product obtained in the step (1) into a tube furnace, heating to a set temperature in an argon atmosphere, closing argon, and introducing at the set temperatureAfter ammonia gas for a certain time, cooling to room temperature to obtain the full-hydropower catalyst V-Ni 3 FeN/Ni@N-GTs。
2. The full hydropower catalyst V-Ni as defined in claim 1 3 The FeN/Ni@N-GTs are characterized in that the heating rate in the step (2) is 5 ℃/min, the set temperature is 470 ℃, and the ammonia gas introducing time is 2h.
3. The full hydropower catalyst V-Ni as defined in claim 1 3 The FeN/Ni@N-GTs are characterized in that the electrocatalyst shows excellent electrocatalyst performance in alkaline medium, and can reach 10mA cm only by 1.55V cell voltage as a full-hydropower catalyst -2 And exhibits excellent stability.
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CN114606512B (en) * 2022-03-30 2023-08-22 青岛科技大学 Ru doped W 4.6 N 4 Particle @ nitrogen doped graphene tube hydrogen evolution electrocatalyst
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