CN114685214A - 一种食用菌菌糠的生物消化方法 - Google Patents
一种食用菌菌糠的生物消化方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN114685214A CN114685214A CN202011615343.0A CN202011615343A CN114685214A CN 114685214 A CN114685214 A CN 114685214A CN 202011615343 A CN202011615343 A CN 202011615343A CN 114685214 A CN114685214 A CN 114685214A
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- manure
- bran
- earthworm
- digestion
- compost
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Abstract
本发明涉及环境领域中的废物资源化利用方向,具体的是食用菌木腐菌废弃菌糠再利用领域。本发明公开了一种加速食用菌木腐菌糠生物消化和提高肥料产品质量的方法,将菌糠与秸秆炭、畜禽粪便等混合除味和自然生态消化;加入微生物菌剂发酵获得的生物表面活性剂和EM菌液微生物加速消化和提升堆腐物质量;将腐熟物料喂饲蚯蚓经蚯蚓过腹消化,完全降解菌糠中粗纤维、粗脂肪、粗蛋白等营养成分和矿物质元素从而获得蚯蚓粪,而后向蚯蚓分中再次添加生物表面活性剂。本发明通过结合微生物发酵和蚯蚓过腹多步骤消化综合消化方法能够较好克服北方菌糠堆制肥发酵慢用时长、堆肥杂菌多和质量差等问题,更好的无害化和肥料化处理北方食用菌菌糠,符合绿色生态农业发展。
Description
技术领域:
本发明涉及环境领域中的废物资源化利用方向,具体是涉及北方食用菌菌糠的一种生物消化方法。
背景技术和发明原理:
随着我国食用菌生产规模化和产业化,我国废弃菌糠数量剧增,每年达1.2亿吨以上。食用菌产业在带来经济效益的同时也带来了资源浪费与环境污染问题。现阶段菌糠无害化和资源化利用技术还不够成熟,我国对废弃菌糠的处置仍以露天焚烧等传统方法为主,严重污染大气、影响生态环境和人体健康,且废弃菌糠酸度较高,污染后产生霉菌、害虫和毒素,污染周边环境和水源,增加土壤中土传病害的发生几率,也严重干扰食用菌产业的良性运营,给生态环境和产业可持续发展带来沉重负担和压力。菌糠富含有机物质和矿质元素,而且含有食用菌菌体蛋白、次生代谢产物(粗纤维、粗蛋白、维生素等)微量元素等水溶性养分、大量活性物质和降解性微生物,在肥料、动物饲料和生物能源等方面有着巨大的应用潜力,研究菌糠的资源化利用方式具有重要意义。当前菌糠利用方式主要包括:食用菌二次栽培原料、生产土壤改良剂、园艺植物栽培基质、饲料等。
堆肥化利用是菌糠处置的传统方法之一,例如中国专利《一种食用菌菌糠绿色肥料》(CN1785923A)和一种废菌糠有机肥料的生产方法(CN105152818A)等。木腐型食用菌的菌糠主要以段木、棉籽壳、木屑等为碳素营养物质,营养丰富,因自身木质素、纤维素、半纤维素等难以降解的碳水化合物含量过高,以往方法存在发酵慢、用时长、堆肥杂菌多、质量低等问题,部分方法甚至需要灭菌等步骤,且其中大量的粗蛋白、粗脂肪等营养成分被分解成CO2、NH4等气体释放掉,资源没有得到有效的利用。而且,当前许多菌糠堆肥不能达到农用标准,因销售困难而重新成为垃圾。因此,提高菌糠堆肥效率和提升堆肥质量成为必需。将菌糠与畜禽粪便等混合并加入EM菌剂短期发酵,继而经蚯蚓过腹消化获得蚯蚓堆肥延长物质循环链条而充分利用资源、减少环境污染,同时获得蚯蚓副产品,做到一举多得,是减缓诸多问题和减轻资源浪费的较好方法之一。
糠粪料中的有机物分解转化,木质素、纤维素和半纤维素等不同程度降解,粗蛋白、粗脂肪提高达一倍以上,富含氨基酸、菌类多糖及铁、钙、锌、锰等微量元素,有益微生物种群生长繁殖并产生大量的代谢产物,能直接或间接为蚯蚓提供多种营养和刺激性物质。糠粪料经蚯蚓体内砂囊磨碎后在蚯蚓消化***蛋白酶、脂肪酶、纤维素酶和淀粉酶等的作用下迅速分解,转化成为自身或易于其他生物利用的营养物质,经***后成为蚯蚓粪。菌糠经蚯蚓堆腐完全消化后无异味,且各种营养成分全部转化成简单、易溶于水的简单物质,养分含量较高且种类齐全,N、P、K三元素以及Fe、Mn、Zn、Cu、Mg等微量元素平衡,富含30%左右有机质、腐殖质、16~18种氨基酸和有益菌群,肥效更高,易被植物吸收。经过蚯蚓消化过程分泌有机酸中和反应,蚯蚓粪一般趋于中性,可调控土壤酸碱度。蚯蚓粪具有多孔状的团粒构造,是稳固的团粒结构,通气性、保水性和排水性强,长时间使用不会涣散压密,能够更好的增加土壤有机质含量、土壤孔隙度和通透交换性等而有机绿色环保的改良土壤。蚯蚓粪中还有益菌生态肥功能,微量元素,尤其具有诱发作物免疫功能、更具有促进根细胞***生长天然激素、如IAA,IGA,GA3,是其它有机肥不具备的特点,质量优于常规堆制的菌糠有机肥。经蚯蚓过腹后,糠粪料表面面积大大增加,便于微生物对其快速转化,在整个消化过程中,微生物与蚯蚓相互依存和互相促进,既利于蚯蚓吸收营养,又利于有益微生物的迅速增加。有研究表明,蚯蚓粪中的微生物总量甚至会超过进入蚯蚓体时的数量,有益微生物含量在2000万个/克~2亿个/克之间,正常情况下含有至少两株拮抗微生物(球孢链霉菌和丁香苷链霉菌),可显著抑制植物土传病害,能防治软腐病、立枯病、缩根病、线虫病等多种病害。该过程不产生二次污染,完全消化后无异味,不存在施用传统堆肥二次发酵导致烧苗和带入土壤病菌、虫卵等问题。
缘于蚯蚓对环境的初始适应性,前人很少采用菌糠混合新鲜牛粪,多采用蚯蚓处理菌糠配合风干牛粪,但处理牛粪时间较长。开展蚯蚓堆肥引入微生物发酵、生物表面活性剂和蚯蚓过腹多步骤消化,能够加快进程,更能提升堆肥质量。表面活性剂的加入有助于改善堆肥生物化学过程中的微生物反应生态微环境,加强微生物、有机物质及微环境之间相互作用,提高纤维素酶活性,加快微生物对难降解有机物的分解。当前传统化学表面活性剂对微生物有毒性,“绿色表面活性剂”易被微生物优先降解失去作用,二者皆不适合用于蚯蚓堆肥,因此,将生物表面活性剂用于蚯蚓堆肥的尝试具有重要的生产实践意义。生物表面活性剂是微生物为适应在憎水性有机化合物中生长而在代谢过程中生成的自我调节生物微环境的次级代谢产物质。生物表面活性剂具有表面活性剂所共有的性能,其具有既亲油又亲水的两亲性分子结构,能很好的联接固液相之间、气液相之间的界面,降低它们的表面张力和界面张力,还可增加憎水性有机化合物与液相之间的接触面,从而增加憎水性有机化合物含水量、提高微生物对其的利用。生物表面活性剂的生物可适应性广,自身不是堆肥体系中微生物的优先降解物质,但作为一种有机物质最终可被微生物100%降解掉,在土壤无任何残留。与合成表面活性剂相比,生物表面活性剂分子结构类型多样,部分类型具有许多特殊的官能团,表面活性更高,较高的亲脂性利于携带营养离子进入作物根部,利于作物生长,具有抗菌和防治作物病害的作用,能减少作物病原菌引发作物病害。该类物质结构中包含羧基,对碱性土壤有中和改善作用,其降解过程也是土壤微生物的代谢过程,不仅能增强土壤生物活力,对于改善土壤板结也有很重要的作用,还能在肥料表面形成包裹层或微胶囊层,使得肥料缓慢释放而增加肥料利用效率。生物表面活性剂良好的乳化性能和特有的植物细胞亲合性会增加农药作用效率,减少农药用量,还具有抗细菌、抗真菌、抗病毒等生物活性,是对生态和生物安全的新型杀菌剂,增产增效,符合绿色生态农业发展。生物表面活性剂适用于极端温度、pH值和盐度的环境,将其应用于堆肥过程,结果表明该类化合物不对微生物造成伤害,能促进微环境的改善而提高微生物对有机物的降解效率;土壤中微生物形成相互共生增殖关系,抑制有害病原菌生长繁衍并转化为有益菌,相互作用,相互促进,起到群体的协同作用,增强作物抗逆抗病能力降低重茬作物的病情指数,连年施用可大大缓解连作障碍。大部分已知的生物表面活性剂属于糖脂类。当前研究较多的生物表面活性剂依据结构特征和微生物来源可分为糖脂、脂肽和脂蛋白、脂肪酸和磷脂、中性脂以及聚合物表面活性剂,其中鼠李糖脂、槐糖脂、海藻糖脂和脂肽等研究和应用较为广泛。当前尚未有蚯蚓堆肥中添加生物表面活性剂的相关报道。
我们在菌糠中加入生物炭,因其巨大比表面积、较好吸附性、孔隙度,作为一种安全、高效功能型材料被应用于传统堆肥,能够改善通风条件,减少氮素的损失,加快有机质的降解提高腐熟速率。基于此,有学者将柳树木片制成的生物炭应用于蚯蚓堆肥,发现生物炭添加比例为4%和8%时有利于蚯蚓的繁殖和生长。加入草本植物制备的生物炭能够增加腐殖质和矿质养分,还作为吸附滤材以除味、降解农药等有害物质和增强通透性,还能吸附微生物、促进微生物增殖,改善糠粪料,经过短期微生物发酵,使其更适合饲喂蚯蚓进而加快蚯蚓堆肥。在获得蚯蚓堆肥后可再次加入生物表面活性剂进而提升其质量,具有除草杀虫功效。
本发明的菌糠综合消化产品中有机质、养分含量高于常规生态发酵生产的有机肥,兼速效性和长效性的双重特点,能够保肥节肥,减轻过量化肥使用带来的危害;利于携带营养离子进入作物根部强化光合作用利于植物吸收养分,提高植物成活率、作物产量和品质;具有抗菌和防治作物病害的作用,减少作物病原菌引发作物病害,对生态和生物安全;能增加农药作用效率,减少农药用量,可减轻或消除土壤中农药残留和重金属污染等;具有除草杀虫作用;能更好的改善土壤物理性质和耕层结构、提高土壤通气透水性和蓄水抗旱能力,有效解决长期单施化肥造成的土壤次生盐碱化和作物重茬问题,更好的培肥地力。
总之,通过该消化方法科学利用菌糠资源获得高品质蚯蚓堆肥,能延长物质循环链条、减少环境污染、变废为宝,从而提高经济效益。该菌糠肥料化产品可应用于附加价值较高的经济作物种植以增加收益。
发明内容
购买源自农作物秸秆等农田废弃物制备的粉末状生物炭;
针对食用菌菌糠再利用问题,本发明提供一种无害化和肥料化的综合消化方法。
本发明技术方案如下:
食用菌菌糠肥料化的一种生物消化方法,主要是将菌糠添加畜禽粪、生物表面活性剂和EM菌或其它促腐菌,将菌糠进行微生物发酵;将糠粪料喂饲蚯蚓,经蚯蚓过腹生物消化后排出蚯蚓粪,获得菌糠源蚯蚓堆肥料;添加生物表面活性剂,提升蚯蚓堆肥品质,从而获得优质有机肥,即将菌糠肥料化利用。
包括如下步骤:
菌糠前处理和糠粪料自然生态消化降解:将菌糠去除杂质、打碎,物料粒度不大于3cm。测定含水量,根据含水量计算干基重量,按一定比例添加畜禽粪便(菌糠:牛粪质量百分比为最高为6:4;菌糠:猪鸡粪质量百分比最高为7:3)和5-10%生物炭。加入秸秆或生物炭调节C/N至20:1--30:1之间,采用澄清的石灰水和柠檬酸溶液调节pH值在6-8为宜。将糠粪料混匀堆放3-5天进行自然生态消化降解,翻堆1-3次,消除异味和降解有害物质,并降低农药浓度和含水量,调整水分40-60%。其中,生物炭购自市场,来源是农田有机废弃物。
生物表面活性剂促进糠粪料的微生物发酵和蚯蚓堆肥:向糠粪料中加入生物表面活性剂,加入1%EM菌剂或其它同等效果促腐剂,堆成宽2-3m、高1m、长度不限的梯形堆,堆放10-15天,控制含水率40%-60%,每3-5天翻一次堆,翻堆3-5次,使在种菇过程中加入菌糠中的农药得到充分分解,糠粪料发酵腐熟,备用养殖蚯蚓。其中,产生物表面活性剂的微生物菌株为所在研究团队自行提取并扩繁,微生物菌剂对应生产的生物表面活性剂包括糖脂类、磷脂类、脂蛋白或缩氨酸脂和聚合物类,如鼠李糖脂、槐糖脂、海藻糖脂、脂肽、地衣多糖和甲壳素等。生物表面活性剂添加量为糠粪料干基质量百分比含0.05-0.2%。
(注:腐熟程度检验方法:粪糠料色泽呈现深棕黄色,无粪臭味酸味,有微微淡氨气味,质地松软,手抓有弹性,无病菌、虫卵和蛆虫,pH在5~7.5之间。将养殖料装入厚度20-30厘米的无纺布袋子或其它养殖池内,将几条蚯蚓放入养殖料中检验;蚯蚓很温顺地钻入24小时内不钻出来则养殖料合格。)
将发酵处理好的糠粪养殖料散温至30度以下,湿度为40%~70%之间,即可投入养殖床内。于田间或温室大棚内,将粪糠养殖料做床,可地面平铺或架式立体养殖。养殖床宽度为1.2-1.5m,高度为0.2-0.3m,长度不限,采用滴灌设备喷足水分使蚯蚓养殖料中含水量为40%-70%。将生长2个月的蚯蚓种苗按照每2000g堆肥(湿基)中接种100条左右蚯蚓计,投放床内饲养1-1.5个月。在蚯蚓过腹消化菌糠过程中,每7天梅花状散放投喂一次养殖料,投放量约占总量的2%-5%。每隔24-48h用雾状喷水器从养殖床上方均匀喷洒自来水以补充水分,养殖床含水率保持在40-70%之间;温度以20-25℃为最宜,不能低于15℃;保持阴暗通风条件,保持养殖床透气性,提高蚯蚓活性利于蚯蚓粪的产出。蚯蚓堆肥时间为1.0-1.5个月,观察到菌糠物料变松软、变暗褐色且无臭味异味时,可采用木制板耙逐渐刮去上层堆肥至距离地面10cm处,也可采用筐漏法或分离蚯蚓堆肥与蚯蚓。
(4)蚯蚓堆肥质量提升:将生产的蚯蚓粪于阴凉处铺成薄层进行自然风干,至水分降至15%-30%,采用分筛机将所得蚯蚓粪中的杂质及大块分筛出去,向其中添加生物表面活性剂0.05-0.2%。
(5)筛分和包装:将有机肥通过传送带送入自动计量包装机,完成包装;或筛分并添加生物表面活性剂后添加粘结剂,进一步通过造粒设备进行造粒,然后装包封包。粘结剂为膨润土。
菌糠消化产品应用范围:可应用于配方营养土、肥料(大田作物、经济作物、果木、花卉、蔬菜),建议用量如下:
表1菌糠消化产品用途与用法
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施方式对本专利的技术方案作进一步详细地说明。下述说明仅仅是示例性的,不是为了限制本发明的范围及其应用。
实施例1
生物表面活性剂的添加对糠粪料理化性质的影响
1.1实验设置:
(1).设4个处理,分别为①糠粪料(3:7)自然放置生态消化处理15d(CK)、②无表面活性剂微生物促腐的糠粪料(3:7)处理15d(Vermicompost,VcF)、③添加化学表面生物剂(吐温-20)微生物促腐的糠粪料(3:7)处理15d(Surfactant Vermicompost,SVcF)和④添加生物表面活性剂鼠李糖脂微生物促腐的糠粪料(3:7)处理15d(BiosurfactantVermicompost,BsVcF)。
菌糠堆肥预处理后,整体观察糠粪料颜色变为深褐色,可用手碾碎,有明显的腐殖化气味,温度在55℃以上维持了7-10天。测定指标:温度、pH、干重(65℃)、粗灰分重(600℃,3h)、酸性和中性洗涤纤维、半纤维素、水溶性碳水化合物、粗蛋白(用凯氏定氮法)、铵态氮、氨基酸(氨基酸自动分析仪,Biochrom 30+,DKSH,英国)。
(2)称取4个处理中经过15d消化处理的糠粪料(10kg,干质量)置于无纺布袋中(0.40m×0.40m×0.50m,底部具有20个直径1cm孔),加入带有生殖环的赤子爱胜蚯蚓400条·容器-1,蚯蚓平均质量为0.21g·条-1。为防止蚯蚓逃逸,用1mm孔径的塑料网覆盖容器。蚯蚓堆肥过程中避免阳光直射和淋雨,维持水分65%~70%。
测定指标:糠粪料消化45d后观察到菌糠物料变松软、变暗褐色且无臭味异味,取混合均匀的产品(干质量)1kg,记录成年蚯蚓数量、蚯蚓卵数量、幼小蚯蚓数量和成年蚯蚓质量,测量并分析起始材料和堆肥产物的理化性质及生物指标。
(3)45d蚯蚓堆肥完成后,采用木制板耙逐渐刮去上层堆肥至距离地面10cm处,也可采用筐漏法分离蚯蚓堆肥与蚯蚓。分点采集蚯蚓堆肥样品,与消解前的样品进行对比分析,按照分析测定指标的要求研磨过筛,留作分析用。
1.2结果
1.2.1生物表面活性剂的添加对糠粪料理化性质的影响
温度是堆肥中微生物活动的直接反映。在GB 7959-87指出堆肥发酵过程必须在55℃以上条件下持续3d以上或在50℃以上条件下持续5~7d,这是堆肥是否达到腐熟的重要条件。本发明中,堆肥预处理15天经历升温-高温阶段,能将虫卵、病原菌等有害物质杀灭,有毒有害气体逸出,可以进行后期蚯蚓堆制处理。添加生物表面活性剂和化学表面活性剂的堆肥温度在第2天达到高温阶段,分别达到54.4℃和52.2℃,而普通堆肥在第三天温度达高温50℃。
15天消化处理的木腐菌菌糠的pH值符合赤子爱胜蚯蚓生长范围(pH5~9)微生物发酵处理、添加化学表面活性剂和生物表面活性剂处理的pH值高于生态消化处理,生物表面活性剂处理的pH值最高,与该处理中微生物快速繁殖而分解菌糠中的有机物产生大量氨气有关。
添加生物表面活性剂堆肥预处理显著改善菌糠香味和酸味得分以及乳酸含量,即菌糠香味和酸味得分以及乳酸量,感官评分最高,作用最明显。仅添加微生物菌剂和添加化学表面活性剂处的堆肥预处理的上述指标也有一定的提升。
添加生物表面活性剂的微生物发酵处理显著降低菌糠的纤维素(包括中性洗涤纤维、酸性洗涤纤维和半纤维素等)和水溶性碳水化合物以及铵态氮含量,对糠粪料的干物重和粗灰分成分影响不大,显著提高菌糠的粗蛋白含量和氨基酸含量。由此可知菌糠添加生物表面活性剂发酵能显著改善菌糠的化学组成,氨基酸等营养物质的增加有利于提高菌糠的饲料化利用能力。
表1糠粪料发酵后的气味、酸味测定
1.2.2添加生物表面活性剂的糠粪料对蚯蚓养殖的影响。
在试验开始4d后观察到:糠粪料自然生态消化组所养殖的蚯蚓死亡较多,其次是添加化学表面活性剂组有少量蚯蚓死亡,无表面活性剂微生物发酵和添加生物表面活性剂微生物发酵组蚯蚓存活数量较高。生态消化处理组的单条成熟蚯蚓质量最低,添加化学表面活性剂微生物发酵组的略高,添加生物表面活性剂微生物发酵处理组的蚯蚓单条成熟蚯蚓质量最高,与微生物发酵处理组差异不显著。
1.2.3糠粪料添加生物表面活性剂对蚯蚓消化菌糠的产物质量的影响
蚯蚓堆肥相关数据如表1。
相比生态消化处理,糠粪料蚯蚓堆肥处理pH值下降,可能是由于物料内的氨气继续向外排放,物料中的N和P被高度矿化为硝酸盐、亚硝酸盐和正磷酸盐;同时,蚯蚓的活动改善物料供氧状况,使得硝化细菌活性增强并大量繁殖,NH4 +向NO3 -转化,蚯蚓活动产生了多种有机酸,能起到中和碱性的作用;蚯蚓食道的钙腺的分泌物起到中和有机酸的作用,能够改善蚯蚓体内酸碱状况,使得蚯蚓堆肥产物-蚯蚓粪的pH值趋于中性。
微生物发酵、添加化学表面活性剂蚯蚓堆肥和添加生物表面活性剂处理全氮、全磷和全钾含量均高于生态消化处理。蚯蚓堆肥全量元素含量增加,可能是由于蚯蚓堆肥总体质量下降出现的浓缩效应,同时蚯蚓活动过程使有机氮转变成硝态氮保留在基质中,以及蚯蚓自身分泌富氮***物引起氮含量的增加,另外,pH值降低减缓了氮的损失,也是氮保留的重要因素。
表1糠粪料添加生物表面活性剂对蚯蚓消化菌糠的产物质量的影响
实施例2添加生物表面活性剂蚯蚓堆肥对小白菜生长、品质及产量的影响。
2.1实验设置
采用日光温室。设4个处理,分别为①糠粪料(3:7)自然放置生态消化处理15d+蚯蚓堆肥45d(CK)、②无表面活性剂微生物促腐的糠粪料(3:7)处理15d+蚯蚓堆肥45d(Vermicompost,VcF)、③添加化学表面生物剂(吐温-20)微生物促腐的糠粪料(3:7)处理15d+蚯蚓堆肥45d(Surfactant Vermicompost,SVcF)和④添加生物表面活性剂鼠李糖脂微生物促腐的糠粪料(3:7)处理15d+蚯蚓堆肥处理45d(Biosurfactant Vermicompost,BsVcF)。
结果表明:与菌糠生态消化处理CK相比,微生物促腐蚯蚓堆肥和添加生物表面活性剂处理显著提高作物根长、根鲜重、根干重、地上部鲜重和地上部干重,且地上部叶绿素含量和微生素C含量明显提高。
上面对本专利的较佳实施方式作了详细说明,但是本专利并不限于上述实施方式,在本领域的普通技术人员所具备的知识范围内,还可以在不脱离本专利宗旨的前提下做出各种修改、等同替换、改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (5)
1.食用菌菌糠的一种生物消化方法,其特征在于:用破碎菌棒得到菌糠,将菌糠和禽畜粪便前处理后混合,将糠粪料自然生态消化降解;继而加入微生物发酵获得的表面活性剂和促腐微生物菌剂辅助糠粪料发酵堆腐;将堆腐糠粪料喂饲蚯蚓,经蚯蚓过腹生物消化堆腐糠粪料;向蚯蚓堆肥中进一步改善品质,从而得到高品质菌糠肥料化产品。
2.按照权利要求1所述的消化方法,其特征在于:包括如下步骤:
(1)菌糠前处理和糠粪料自然生态消化降解:将菌棒分拣、去除杂物、破碎到粒径小于3cm(优选小于1cm);将禽畜粪摊开自然光晒1-3天,直至挥发去除大量水分;将菌糠、畜禽粪便与5%-10%的农田废弃物生物炭粉末(粒径小于40目)均匀混合,自然生态消化3-5天;
(2)生物表面活性剂促腐糠粪料微生物发酵:将经过前处理的菌糠加入微生物菌剂生产的表面活性剂,接种促腐微生物菌剂(如1%EM菌剂(由光合细菌、放线菌、酵母菌和乳酸菌等多种微生物组成)),控制发酵温度在50-60℃,发酵10-15天,充分腐熟,得到发酵料;
(3)蚯蚓堆腐糠粪料:将步骤(2)得到的发酵后的糠粪料作为蚯蚓养殖料,蚯蚓过腹消化后生产的蚯蚓粪30-45天;将蚯蚓粪和蚯蚓分离,获得蚯蚓堆腐有机肥;
(4)蚯蚓堆肥质量提升:将所获蚯蚓堆肥于阴凉处风干,并向其中添加生物表面活性剂0.05-0.2%混合;
(5)筛分和包装:将有机肥通过传送带送入自动计量包装机,完成包装;或筛分并添加生物表面活性剂后添加粘结剂,通过造粒设备进行造粒,并装包和封包。
3.根据权利要求1所述的食用菌菌糠肥料化的生物消化方法,其特征在于:所述微生物菌剂发酵获得的生物表面活性剂是一种或多种槐糖脂或鼠李糖脂或海藻糖脂或脂肽等及其衍生物。
4.根据权利要求2所述菌糠肥料化的生物消化方法,其特征在于:所述微生物菌发酵所得的生物表面活性剂一种或若干种的组合,微生物菌发酵添加量范围为0.05%-0.2%。
5.根据权利要求4所述菌糠肥料化的生物消化方法,其特征在于:微生物菌剂对应生产的生物表面活性剂包括糖脂类、磷脂类、脂蛋白或缩氨酸脂和聚合物类,如鼠李糖脂、槐糖脂、海藻糖脂、脂肽、地衣多糖和甲壳素等。
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