CN114679994B - Method for removing spartina alterniflora and replacing and recovering spartina alterniflora by using high-pressure water gun - Google Patents
Method for removing spartina alterniflora and replacing and recovering spartina alterniflora by using high-pressure water gun Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for removing spartina alterniflora by using a high-pressure water gun and replacing and recovering spartina alterniflora by using mangrove, and belongs to the technical field of ecological environment protection. The method comprises the following steps: (1) determination of the clean-up zone; (2) mowing the spartina alterniflora; (3) clearing spartina alterniflora; (4) flattening the mud flat; (5) constructing an artificial tidal ditch; (6) transplanting mangrove seedlings at high density. The method of the invention adopts a physical means to treat the spartina alterniflora, can thoroughly remove the spartina alterniflora, and then can effectively inhibit the regeneration of the spartina alterniflora by transplanting the seedlings of the homeland mangrove, thereby realizing the purposes of removing the spartina alterniflora and replacing and recovering the mangrove, achieving the purposes of safely, effectively and durably removing the spartina alterniflora with low cost, and being beneficial to popularization and application in a large range.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of ecological environment protection, and particularly relates to a method for removing spartina alterniflora and replacing and recovering by mangrove by using a high-pressure water gun.
Background
Spartina alterniflora (school name: spartina alterniflora Loisel.) is a perennial herb of the genus Mitiglinium of the family Gramineae, has been widely exploded in China coast since its introduction in 1979, has become a representative invasive species in China coast zone, and has been listed in the first foreign invasive organism list by the national environmental agency (now ecological environment department) in 2003. The spartina alterniflora has strong adaptability, strong reproductive capacity and high diffusion speed, and the ecological niche of the spartina alterniflora overlaps with mangrove, which has caused serious threat to the mangrove in southeast area of China. At present, there are physical control, chemical control, biological substitution and comprehensive treatment methods for the spartina alterniflora.
The physical control mainly adopts the modes of manually removing and cleaning by using tools such as hoe and shovel, covering by using sunshade net or black film, flooding, grinding and burying, or turning and burying by using a transformed large-scale hook machine. The physical control effect of manual and film-coating modes is obvious, but the cost is high, and the treatment is often required to be repeated periodically; the use of the transformed large-scale hooking machine for turning over and burying can cause the retrogradation of the spartina alterniflora, and the continuous control of the spartina alterniflora is difficult to realize.
The chemical control mainly adopts effective herbicide to prevent and remove. The chemical herbicide is used for controlling the spartina alterniflora, the spartina alterniflora grows in the coastal intertidal zone and is submerged by periodic seawater, the herbicide is easy to scatter, the common herbicide can only remove the part above the ground surface, and the growth and the spreading of root systems are difficult to control; herbicides are often toxic to some extent and can have an uncertain effect on the marine environment.
Biological substitution is realized by replacing spartina alterniflora by utilizing species with similar ecological niches and stronger competition ability according to the law of plant community succession, and the Guangdong pearl sea successfully controls spartina alterniflora by utilizing rapid-growing exotic mangrove plants, namely the petalien mulberry (Sonneratia apetala), but the risk of ecological invasion exists due to the exotic species and rapid-growing attribute of the petalien mulberry, so that the broad-spectrum spartina alterniflora can not be popularized on a large scale; fujian and Zhejian adopt a homeland mangrove plant Kandelia obovata to replace forestation on the beach which eliminates the original spartina alterniflora, but the problems of poor replacement effect and long replacement period caused by re-germination of spartina alterniflora in the seedling stage of the Kandelia.
The comprehensive treatment method is characterized in that 'the physical control of the spartina alterniflora is carried out by' adopting 'the surrounding, cutting, flooding, sunning, planting and adjusting' of 'the national natural protection area spartina alterniflora control of Shanghai Chongming Dong bird's China and 'the bird habitat optimization project', but the method needs to newly build a dyke, the natural attribute of the beach is changed, the cost is high, and the method cannot be popularized on a large scale.
Thus, there has been a lack of a safe, low cost, effective, durable method of removing and replacing spartina alterniflora.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems, the invention provides a method for removing spartina alterniflora and replacing and recovering by using mangrove by using a high-pressure water gun, which can thoroughly eradicate spartina alterniflora by determining the removal place, cutting spartina alterniflora, removing spartina alterniflora, leveling the tidal flat, constructing an artificial tidal ditch and transplanting mangrove seedlings at high density, and can effectively inhibit regeneration of spartina alterniflora and realize the purposes of cleaning spartina alterniflora and replacing and recovering mangrove.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
the method for removing spartina alterniflora and replacing and recovering by mangrove by using the high-pressure water gun comprises the following steps:
(1) Determination of the clean-up land: selecting a region which is suitable for the growth of mangrove and has good drainage from a beach region where spartina alterniflora grows as a clearing place of spartina alterniflora;
(2) Mowing of spartina alterniflora: after the clear land of the spartina alterniflora is determined, mowing the land part of the spartina alterniflora by using a mower from the flowering period of the spartina alterniflora to the early booting period in 7-8 months each year;
(3) Clearing spartina alterniflora: removing the underground part of the spartina alterniflora by using a high-pressure water gun, and carrying out segmentation, washing and removal by using a rake and a basket tool, and after the removal, moving the underground rhizome of the spartina alterniflora to the shore for innocuous treatment;
(4) Leveling of mud flat: leveling the beach of the spartina alterniflora clearance land in a high-pressure water gun filling mode;
(5) Construction of an artificial tidal ditch: in one to two tide periods after the flat spartina alterniflora clears the land, reconstructing on the original trace of tidal flow according to the tidal flow direction of the land, and constructing a drainage artificial tide ditch;
(6) Transplanting mangrove seedlings: after the spartina alterniflora and the improved beach are removed, transplanting the seedlings of the mangrove in the countryside, and then using the bamboo poles and hemp ropes to assist in fixing the plants of the mangrove, so that the coverage of the transplanted seedlings of the mangrove reaches more than 65%, and supplementing the transplanting of the hypocotyls of the seedlings of the mangrove in the later period.
Further, in the step (3), the high-pressure water gun uses a tidal ditch near the spartina alterniflora clearance area as a water taking area.
Further, in the step (3), the scouring depth of the high-pressure water gun is 30-40cm.
Further, in the step (3), the pressure of the high-pressure water gun is 0.1-0.3MPa.
Further, in the step (2), the mowing stubble height of the aerial parts of the spartina alterniflora is 5-10cm.
Further, in the step (6), the mangrove plant is selected from at least one of avicennia marina, tung flower tree, kandelia candel, tinospora and Bryonia stem; the specific collocation of mangrove seedling types is determined according to the property of the clean land of spartina alterniflora, and if the mud in the estuary area is the mud, the mangrove seedling types are suitable for planting seedlings mainly comprising tung flowers and Kandelia candel; if the soil is an open coastal region, the method is suitable for planting seedlings mainly comprising avicennia marina, kandelia candel and Brugosa.
Further, in the step (6), the mangrove seedlings are selected from 2-3 year old bagged seedlings.
Further, in the step (6), the plant-row spacing of the mangrove seedlings is 0.2m×0.2m to 0.5m×0.5m.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:
1. the method of the invention adopts a physical means to treat the spartina alterniflora, can thoroughly remove the spartina alterniflora, and can effectively inhibit the regeneration of the spartina alterniflora by transplanting the seedlings of the mangrove in the countryside, thereby achieving the purposes of safely, effectively and durably removing the spartina alterniflora with low cost.
2. The invention uses a common small tool, adopts a physical means to effectively remove the spartina alterniflora, and has the advantages of simple operation and low cost compared with the removal and treatment of the spartina alterniflora in the intertidal zone which cannot be reached by manual and large-scale machinery; meanwhile, the method utilizes the rural mangrove to replace spartina alterniflora, so that the purposes of spartina alterniflora removal and mangrove replacement recovery are realized.
3. The method of the invention utilizes the high-pressure water gun to remove the underground part of the spartina alterniflora, can effectively remove the spartina alterniflora, simultaneously can save manpower and material resources, solves the problems that the small-sized tool cannot thoroughly remove the spartina alterniflora and needs to treat the spartina alterniflora regularly, thereby causing higher treatment cost, and solves the problems that the spartina alterniflora is regenerated due to the fact that the spartina alterniflora is buried by a large-sized machine, and the continuous control of the spartina alterniflora is difficult to realize. And after the spartina alterniflora is cleared, the high-pressure water gun is used for flushing again to level the beach of the spartina alterniflora cleared land, so that the manpower and material resources are further saved. In addition, the high-pressure water gun uses the tidal ditches near the spartina alterniflora clearance area as water taking areas, and can directly utilize seawater resources, so that the spartina alterniflora clearance area is low in cost and beneficial to large-scale popularization and application.
4. According to the method, the original trace of tidal flow is modified, and the drainage artificial tidal ditch is constructed, so that a large-area low-lying land capable of accumulating water for a long time is not formed after tidal flat is refunded, the survival rate of seedlings transplanted in the later stage mangrove is ensured, the mangrove is enabled to effectively replace spartina alterniflora, and further regeneration of spartina alterniflora is effectively inhibited.
5. The method of the invention firstly adopts a physical means to effectively remove the spartina alterniflora, then the seedlings of the rural areas are transplanted, and the transplanting of the tree seedling hypocotyls of the mangroves is supplemented in the later period, so that the mangrove community grows well, the coverage is higher, the regeneration of the spartina alterniflora can be effectively inhibited, and meanwhile, the reconstruction of the mangrove in the beach area can be realized in a large range.
6. Because the tidal water can wash away the aerial parts of the spartina alterniflora at the time of flood tide, the invention cuts the aerial parts of the spartina alterniflora before the period from the flowering period of the spartina alterniflora to the early stage of booting in 7-8 months each year, thereby avoiding the drift of the spartina alterniflora seeds caused by cutting; and then the high-pressure water gun is used for removing the underground part of the spartina alterniflora, and the removed underground rhizome of the spartina alterniflora is moved to the shore for innocent treatment, so that the spartina alterniflora can be thoroughly eradicated.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a view of mowing an aerial part of spartina alterniflora with a mower.
FIG. 2 is a view of the removal of an underground portion of spartina alterniflora using a high pressure water gun.
FIG. 3 is a graph of a mangrove plant transplanted after removal of spartina alterniflora and a modified beach.
FIG. 4 is a graph showing the effect of a mangrove community replacing spartina alterniflora after 1 year.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further illustrated by the following examples, which are only intended to illustrate the present invention and not to limit the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
The implementation of this example was performed at a high salinity sandy coast intertidal zone of the North sea, guangxi, where the spartina alterniflora removal and mangrove replacement planting area was about 200m 2 。
The method for removing spartina alterniflora and replacing and recovering by mangrove by using the high-pressure water gun comprises the following steps:
(1) Determination of the clean-up land: selecting a region which is suitable for the growth of mangrove and has good drainage from a beach region where spartina alterniflora grows as a clearing place of spartina alterniflora;
(2) Mowing of spartina alterniflora: after the clear land of the spartina alterniflora is determined, the overground part of the spartina alterniflora is washed away by tidal water in the flood tide, and in order to avoid the drifting of the spartina alterniflora seeds caused by mowing, the overground part of the spartina alterniflora is mowed by a mower from the flowering period of 7-8 months to the early stage of booting each year, as shown in figure 1, and the stubble height is 5cm;
(3) Clearing spartina alterniflora: the tidal range near the spartina alterniflora clearing place is used as the water taking place of the high-pressure water gun, the high-pressure water gun can be guaranteed to continuously take water, the high-pressure water gun with the pressure of 0.2MPa is used for clearing the underground part of the spartina alterniflora, as shown in fig. 2, the flushing depth is 35cm, the bottom mud and the underground part of the spartina alterniflora can be soft under the mud flat of the spartina alterniflora, a rake and a basket tool are assisted for segmentation, flushing and removal, and the underground rhizome of the spartina alterniflora is moved to the shore for harmless treatment after the clearing is completed;
(4) Leveling of mud flat: leveling the beach of the spartina alterniflora clearance land in a high-pressure water gun filling mode;
(5) Construction of an artificial tidal ditch: in one to two tide periods after the tidal flat of the smooth and inter-flowered rice grass cleared land is finished, modifying the original trace of tidal flow according to the tidal flow direction of the tidal flat, and constructing a drainage artificial tidal ditch, so that a large-area low-lying land capable of accumulating water for a long time is not formed after the tidal flat is refunded, and the survival rate of seedlings transplanted in the mangrove forest in the later period is ensured;
(6) Transplanting mangrove seedlings: after the spartina alterniflora and the improved beach are removed, transplanting 2-year-old avicennia marina and autumn eggplant bagged seedlings, as shown in a plant row spacing of 0.5m multiplied by 0.5m in an example of the autumn eggplant in fig. 3, in order to prevent the mangrove plants from lodging, the bamboo poles and hemp ropes are used for assisting in fixing the mangrove plants, the coverage of the transplanted mangrove seedlings is ensured to reach more than 65%, the transplanting of the hypocotyls of the mangrove seedlings is supplemented in the later stage, the mangrove community is further ensured to grow well before the spartina alterniflora is re-germinated, the coverage is 5 higher, and the regrowth of the spartina alterniflora is further inhibited.
The implementation effect is as follows: the method of the embodiment is used for removing spartina alterniflora in the beaches of the bamboo forest in 6 months in 2020, the replacement planting of the rural mangrove forest is completed in 7 months, the spartina alterniflora removal effect is over 95 percent, the preservation rates of avicennia marina and autumn eggplant after 3 months of transplantation are respectively 80 percent and 90 percent, the spartina alterniflora does not grow newly after 1 year of transplantation, and the preservation rates of avicennia marina and autumn eggplant are respectively 65 percent and 55 percent (figure 4) and are relatively closed.
The foregoing description of the preferred embodiments of the invention is not intended to be limiting, but rather is to cover all modifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling within the spirit and principles of the invention.
Claims (4)
1. The method for removing spartina alterniflora and replacing and recovering by mangrove by using the high-pressure water gun is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
(1) Determination of the clean-up land: selecting a region which is suitable for the growth of mangrove and has good drainage from a beach region where spartina alterniflora grows as a clearing place of spartina alterniflora;
(2) Mowing of spartina alterniflora: after the clear land of the spartina alterniflora is determined, mowing the land part of the spartina alterniflora by using a mower from the flowering period of the spartina alterniflora to the early booting period in 7-8 months each year; the mowing and stubble-remaining height of the aerial parts of the spartina alterniflora is 5-10 cm;
(3) Clearing spartina alterniflora: removing the underground part of the spartina alterniflora by using a high-pressure water gun, and carrying out segmentation, washing and removal by using a rake and a basket tool, and after the removal, moving the underground rhizome of the spartina alterniflora to the shore for innocuous treatment; the high-pressure water gun uses a tidal ditch near the spartina alterniflora clearance area as a water taking area; the scouring depth of the high-pressure water gun is 30-40 cm; the pressure of the high-pressure water gun is 0.1-0.3 MPa;
(4) Leveling of mud flat: leveling the beach of the spartina alterniflora clearance land in a high-pressure water gun filling mode;
(5) Construction of an artificial tidal ditch: in one to two tide periods after the flat spartina alterniflora clears the land, reconstructing on the original trace of tidal flow according to the tidal flow direction of the land, and constructing a drainage artificial tide ditch;
(6) Transplanting mangrove seedlings: after the spartina alterniflora and the improved beach are removed, transplanting the seedlings of the mangrove in the countryside, and then using the bamboo poles and hemp ropes to assist in fixing the plants of the mangrove, so that the coverage of the transplanted seedlings of the mangrove reaches more than 65%, and supplementing the transplanting of the hypocotyls of the seedlings of the mangrove in the later period.
2. The method for removing spartina alterniflora and replacing recovery with mangrove using the high-pressure water gun according to claim 1, wherein in step (6), the mangrove seedling is selected from at least one of avicennia marina, tung tree, kandelia candel, tinospora sinensis and Tinospora cordifolia.
3. The method of using a high pressure water gun to remove spartina alterniflora and replace recovery with mangrove as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step (6), 2-3 year old bagged seedlings are selected for the mangrove seedlings.
4. The method of using a high pressure water gun to remove spartina alterniflora and replace recovery with mangrove of claim 1, wherein in step (6), the mangrove seedlings have a plant pitch of 0.2m x 0.2m to 0.5m x 0.5m.
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| CN102771377B (en) * | 2012-08-16 | 2014-09-17 | 广东海洋大学 | Artificial seedling raising and cultivating method of edible sargassum.naozhouense |
| CN109356090B (en) * | 2018-11-14 | 2024-03-01 | 广东省水利水电科学研究院 | Triangular modularized ecological sea wall |
| CN110235706A (en) * | 2019-06-24 | 2019-09-17 | 广西红树林研究中心 | A method of prevention and treatment adventitious plant Spartina alterniflora |
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| CN111328493A (en) * | 2020-04-27 | 2020-06-26 | 广东湛江红树林国家级自然保护区管理局 | Method for removing spartina alterniflora |
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