CN113615504A - Method for replacing spartina alterniflora community by saline suaeda salsa community in intertidal zone of tidal flat - Google Patents
Method for replacing spartina alterniflora community by saline suaeda salsa community in intertidal zone of tidal flat Download PDFInfo
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- CN113615504A CN113615504A CN202111087864.8A CN202111087864A CN113615504A CN 113615504 A CN113615504 A CN 113615504A CN 202111087864 A CN202111087864 A CN 202111087864A CN 113615504 A CN113615504 A CN 113615504A
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- 241001149258 Sporobolus alterniflorus Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 109
- 241000586290 Suaeda salsa Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 80
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 40
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 title abstract description 11
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 title abstract description 11
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 95
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- 235000014676 Phragmites communis Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000009333 weeding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
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- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000013505 freshwater Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000002363 herbicidal effect Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000004009 herbicide Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000013535 sea water Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004530 micro-emulsion Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000003971 tillage Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- GOCUAJYOYBLQRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(4-{[3-chloro-5-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-yl]oxy}phenoxy)propanoic acid Chemical compound C1=CC(OC(C)C(O)=O)=CC=C1OC1=NC=C(C(F)(F)F)C=C1Cl GOCUAJYOYBLQRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 241000223602 Alternaria alternata Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 abstract description 14
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000005067 remediation Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
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- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 241000271566 Aves Species 0.000 description 4
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 3
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- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 3
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- 241000288140 Gruiformes Species 0.000 description 2
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- 241001415959 Grus japonensis Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000005565 Haloxyfop-P Substances 0.000 description 1
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000201912 Suaeda Species 0.000 description 1
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- GOCUAJYOYBLQRH-MRVPVSSYSA-N haloxyfop-P Chemical compound C1=CC(O[C@H](C)C(O)=O)=CC=C1OC1=NC=C(C(F)(F)F)C=C1Cl GOCUAJYOYBLQRH-MRVPVSSYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003501 hydroponics Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 230000003211 malignant effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- MFSWTRQUCLNFOM-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl 2-(4-{[3-chloro-5-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-yl]oxy}phenoxy)propanoate Chemical group C1=CC(OC(C)C(=O)OC)=CC=C1OC1=NC=C(C(F)(F)F)C=C1Cl MFSWTRQUCLNFOM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Catching Or Destruction (AREA)
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of environmental remediation, and discloses a method for replacing a spartina alterniflora community with a saline suaeda salsa community in a intertidal zone, which is used for constructing a cofferdam dam; storing water to submerge the land after the frame surrounds and before the spartina alterniflora new seedlings come out of the soil; the flooding time generally starts from winter or the first spring of the next year; draining water at the end of the current year after the water storage submerges the Spartina alterniflora habitat for more than 6 months or in the middle and last ten days of 4 months of the next year to expose the earth surface, and naturally airing the field until the earth surface has cracks; selecting local suaeda salsa seeds, and broadcasting the seeds after the heavy tide day and when no extra heavy rainstorm exists within 4-6 days; transforming a water inlet and outlet storage dam of the rectifying area into an overflow dam, and enabling the height of the overflow dam to be equal to or lower than the ground surface in the rectifying area; the suaeda salsa community is purified by removing the reed and the spartina alterniflora in an artificial removal or chemical weeding mode. The invention recovers the wetland habitat of the coastal beach and can be helpful for protecting the biological diversity of the area.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of environmental remediation, and particularly relates to a method for replacing spartina alterniflora community by a suaeda salsa community in a intertidal zone of a tidal flat.
Background
At present, the tidal flat wetland area also belongs to an ecological fragile area, and in recent years, the ecological of the tidal flat gradually changes due to factors such as tidal flat improvement, malignant plant invasion, man-made interference and the like. At present, the situation that the suaeda salsa habitat in the beach wetland area of the salt city is greatly reduced after being invaded by the spartina alterniflora and the reed causes the destruction and the degeneration of the wetland habitat, so that the environmental function loss and the ecological problems are also surprised, and the coastal wetland landscape is broken. Therefore, scientific control is carried out on the spartina alterniflora and then population recovery practice is carried out on the native suaeda glauca plants, and the method plays a vital role in ecological recovery of the saline-city tidal flat wetland.
The invasion of spartina alterniflora has serious influence on the suaeda glauca habitat in the core area of the protected area. In recent years, the spartina alterniflora invades into the native suaeda salsa beach in the direction perpendicular to the coastline, resulting in the complete separation of the suaeda salsa habitat from the mud beach. By 2017, the spartina alterniflora has formed a spartina alterniflora band with a width of 2.3km and an area of 45.9km2 (about 20% of the area of the core area) in the core area, and the number of patches invading the habitat of the native suaeda salsa is as high as 4843, resulting in severe disruption of the suaeda salsa community as the first-choice habitat of the red-rooted crane. At present, the spartina alterniflora patches in these suaeda salsa environments are expanding outwards in a patty-like manner at a rate of 0.78m per year at the edges. The Spartina alterniflora has strong siltation promotion function and strong tidal current blocking effect, so that the hydrological characteristics of the location of the Spartina alterniflora are changed, the natural spreading of tidal water is influenced, the tidal current in the Suaeda salsa habitat is weakened, the water body exchange capacity is poor, the succession of the native vegetation of the Suaeda salsa is inhibited, the survival of the benthic animals in the Suaeda salsa habitat is further influenced, the risk of the Dantope crane population which is dependent on the Suaeda salsa habitat to search for food through winter and the risk of the adjacent habitat are lost, the number of the rare bird population is reduced, and the biological diversity is reduced.
Suaeda salsa is a pioneer plant and a dominant population of saline-alkali land in the primary vegetation. However, the Spartina alterniflora has replaced the status of pioneer plant communities on the coastal beaches of the saline city and rapidly spreads, so that single dominant vegetation communities are gradually formed in coastal introduction fields, and the loss of biological diversity is brought. The method is an important scientific problem to be solved urgently for protecting the biological diversity of the area by controlling the continued spread of the spartina alterniflora, performing the field planting of the suaeda salsa community in the in-situ habitat controlled by the spartina alterniflora, developing the research on the treatment of the spartina alterniflora and the restoration of the native suaeda salsa community and restoring the habitat of the coastal mud flat wetland.
Through the above analysis, the problems and defects of the prior art are as follows: the prior art does not have the technology for treating the spartina alterniflora and restoring the native suaeda salsa community.
The difficulty in solving the above problems and defects is:
at present, the spartina alterniflora occurs in coastal areas of coastal beaches in a large area, the formed single community seriously reduces the biological diversity of the beaches, impacts are caused on optimization of the beaches community and stabilization of bird habitats and foraging places, especially, the spartina alterniflora severely occupies the suaeda salsa habitat, the suaeda salsa living space is compressed, although the spartina alterniflora control has a small area successful test, the cost is high, the control effect is difficult to maintain, further, other stable plant communities do not exist to effectively replace spartina alterniflora communities, and the recurrence probability of the spartina alterniflora is very high.
The significance of solving the problems and the defects is as follows:
according to the technology, on the basis of worsening the habitat of the Spartina alterniflora, survival plants of the Spartina alterniflora are removed, a common seepweed community is planted while the common seeping alkali community is broken, the common seeping alkali community is stabilized through a technical means, community substitution is carried out in situ, and the probability of recurrent harm of the Spartina alterniflora is reduced through biological competition, herbicide prevention and control, water layer regulation and the like in multiple directions.
The intertidal zone of the tidal flat recovers the suaeda salsa community, stabilizes the suaeda salsa area, plays a positive role in stabilizing the biological diversity of the tidal flat, particularly stabilizes the precious birds of the tidal flat, such as the habitat and the foraging land of the red-crowned crane, optimizes the habitat of the tidal flat, and plays a role in promoting the suitable living space of the birds.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a method for replacing a spartina alterniflora community with a saline suaeda glauca community in a intertidal zone of a tidal flat.
The invention is realized in such a way that a method for replacing an spartina alterniflora community by a suaeda salsa community in a intertidal zone of a tidal flat comprises the following steps:
carrying out the alternaria alternata community replacement by building a cofferdam, storing water, flooding, clearing dead branches and sundries, draining and airing a field, a water pipe suaeda salsa community and a purified suaeda salsa community.
Further, the method for replacing the spartina alterniflora community by the suaeda salsa community in the intertidal zone of the intertidal zone comprises the following steps:
step one, carrying out frame enclosure in a coastal intertidal zone spartina alterniflora generating area according to the trend of upstream fresh water entering a sea canal and seawater grooves, and constructing a cofferdam; and storing water to submerge seedlings after the fence is formed;
step two, water storage is started before the new seedlings of the spartina alterniflora are unearthed, water is drained at the end of the current year after the water storage submerges the habitat of the spartina alterniflora for more than 6 months or in the middle and last ten days of the next year 4 months, the earth surface is exposed, and the field is naturally dried until the earth surface has a crack gap;
step three, transforming a water inlet and outlet storage dam of the rectifying area into an overflow dam, and enabling the height of the overflow dam to be equal to or lower than the ground surface in the rectifying area;
step four, local suaeda salsa seeds are selected and sown after the heavy tide day and when no extra heavy rainstorm exists within 4-6 days;
and fifthly, removing the reed and the spartina alterniflora by manual removal or chemical weeding to purify the suaeda salsa community.
Further, in the first step, the performing the frame surrounding includes:
the hanging area is divided into two parts, namely a handling area with the hanging area being 500 mu left and right, upstream fresh water and seawater can directly enter the hanging area, and a stable overflow dam is arranged at a water inlet of the hanging area;
the dam of the overflow dam is higher than the ground surface of the inner zone by more than 50 cm.
Further, in the first step, the storing water includes:
the water storage depth is 30-50cm before the water storage and the emergence of the spartina alterniflora new seedling;
if a small amount of spartina alterniflora new seedlings are unearthed, the water storage depth needs to exceed the height of the spartina alterniflora seedlings by about 50 cm;
the water storage source comprises rainwater, upstream water gathering and pump station water turning accumulation;
the water storage period is continuously maintained for more than 6 months, water storage can be started before winter, and the water storage period must include 3-5 months of the emergence peak period of the new seedlings of the spartina alterniflora.
Further, the method for replacing the spartina alterniflora community by the suaeda salsa community in the intertidal zone of the beach also comprises the following steps: the method is characterized in that the method comprises the following step of cleaning dead branches and sundries in a mechanical crushing mode before water storage begins or before suaeda salsa is planted.
Further, the cleaning of the dead branches and impurities before the suaeda salsa planting further comprises the following steps: after impurities are removed, shallow rotary tillage is needed.
Further, the broadcasting includes: broadcasting according to the using amount of 1.5-2kg of suaeda salsa seeds per mu.
Further, the depth of the water layer of the saline land suaeda glauca of the convergence area is lower than the height of the plants of the saline land suaeda glauca.
Further, the removing of the reed and the spartina alterniflora by the chemical weeding method comprises the following steps: the reed and the spartina alterniflora are removed by spraying 15 kg of water with 30-50 ml of herbicide and spraying the whole plant thoroughly.
Further, the herbicide is a 28% haloxyfop-R microemulsion.
By combining all the technical schemes, the invention has the advantages and positive effects that:
1. the method of regulating and controlling the water layer worsens the habitat of the spartina alterniflora, controls the harm of the spartina alterniflora, has less investment and lasting effect, and further has no environmental pollution.
2. The suaeda salsa community is restored by in-situ planting, the regeneration of the spartina alterniflora is effectively prevented by biological competition and technical means, the suaeda salsa community area is enlarged, a good habitat and a foraging place are provided for mudflat organisms, and the survival of the birds and the rare birds is facilitated.
The invention treats the spartina alterniflora, recovers the native suaeda salsa community, recovers the wetland habitat of the coastal mudflat and can be beneficial to protecting the biological diversity of the area.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the method for replacing spartina alterniflora community with a suaeda salsa community in intertidal zone of the intertidal zone provided by the embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a spartina alterniflora community before and after replacement (original spartina alterniflora community (left) and a suaeda salsa community after replacement (right) according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail with reference to the following embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a method for replacing a spartina alterniflora community with a saline suaeda glauca community in a intertidal zone of a tidal flat, and the invention is described in detail with reference to the attached drawings.
The method for replacing the spartina alterniflora community by the suaeda salsa community in the intertidal zone of the intertidal zone comprises the following steps:
carrying out the replacement of the spartina alterniflora community by building a cofferdam, storing water and flooding seedlings, clearing sundries of dead branches, draining water and airing a field, a water pipe suaeda salsa community and a purified suaeda salsa community.
As shown in FIG. 1, the method for replacing spartina alterniflora community with a suaeda salsa community in intertidal zone of intertidal zone provided by the embodiment of the invention comprises the following steps:
s101, carrying out hanging and enclosing in a coastal intertidal zone spartina alterniflora generating area according to the trend of upstream fresh water entering a sea canal and seawater grooves, and constructing a cofferdam; and storing water to submerge seedlings after the fence is formed;
s102, storing water before the new seedlings of the spartina alterniflora are unearthed, draining water at the end of the current year after the habitat of the spartina alterniflora is submerged in the stored water for more than 6 months or in the middle and last ten days of the next year 4 months, exposing the earth surface, and naturally airing the field until the earth surface has a crack gap;
s103, transforming the water inlet and outlet storage dam of the rectifying area into an overflow dam, and enabling the height of the overflow dam to be equal to or slightly lower than the ground surface in the rectifying area;
s104, local suaeda salsa is selected and sown after the heavy tide day and when no extra heavy rainstorm exists within 4-6 days;
and S105, removing the reed and the spartina alterniflora by manual removal or chemical weeding to purify the suaeda salsa community.
The frame surrounding method provided by the embodiment of the invention comprises the following steps:
the hanging area is divided into two parts, namely a handling area with the hanging area being 500 mu left and right, upstream fresh water and seawater can directly enter the hanging area, and a stable overflow dam is arranged at a water inlet of the hanging area;
the dam of the overflow dam is higher than the ground surface of the inner zone by more than 50 cm.
The water storage provided by the embodiment of the invention comprises the following steps:
the water storage depth is higher than the height of spartina alterniflora seedling, and is generally about 50 cm;
the water storage source comprises rainwater, upstream water inflow and pump station water turning accumulation;
the water storage period is maintained above 6 months, water storage can be started before winter, and the water storage period must include 3-5 months.
The method for replacing the spartina alterniflora community by the suaeda salsa community in the intertidal zone of the beach provided by the embodiment of the invention also comprises the following steps: the method is characterized in that the method comprises the following step of cleaning dead branches and sundries in a mechanical crushing mode before water storage begins or before suaeda salsa is planted.
The method for cleaning the dead branches and impurities before planting the suaeda salsa provided by the embodiment of the invention further comprises the following steps: after impurities are removed, shallow rotary tillage is needed.
The broadcast sowing provided by the embodiment of the invention comprises the following steps: broadcasting according to the using amount of 1.5-2kg of suaeda salsa seeds per mu.
The depth of the water layer of the saline land suaeda glauca of the enclosure area provided by the embodiment of the invention is lower than the height of the plants of the saline land suaeda glauca.
The method for removing the reed and the spartina alterniflora by the chemical weeding provided by the embodiment of the invention comprises the following steps: the reed and the spartina alterniflora are removed by spraying 15 kg of water with 30-50 ml of herbicide and spraying the whole plant thoroughly.
The herbicide provided by the embodiment of the invention is a 28% efficient haloxyfop microemulsion.
The technical solution of the present invention is further illustrated by the following specific examples.
Example 1:
building cofferdam
The intertidal zone is constructed in a coastal intertidal zone spartina alterniflora generating area according to the trend of upstream fresh water entering a sea canal and a seawater groove, the cofferdam is required to resist the flood tide impact, the construction area is a processing area about every 500 mu, the upstream fresh water and the seawater can directly enter the construction area, a stable water storage dam is made at a water inlet of the construction area, and the dam is higher than the ground surface of the inner zone by more than 50 cm.
Water storage flooded land
After successful enclosure, water storage can be started, the water storage is started before the new seedlings of the spartina alterniflora grow out of the soil, the water storage depth is about 30-50cm generally, and water sources can flow in from upstream or be accumulated by turning over water through a pump station. The water storage period is continuously maintained for more than 6 months, the water storage can be started before winter, and the water storage period must comprise 3-5 months.
Removing sundries on dead branches
The impurity removal of the area of the structure area can be carried out before the beginning of water storage or before the planting of the suaeda salsa, generally carried out when the ground surface has certain bearing capacity in winter, and can be directly crushed by a machine. If the cultivation is carried out before suaeda salsa is sowed, shallow rotary tillage after impurity removal is recommended.
Draining and airing the field
And (4) discharging water at the end of the current year after the water is stored for more than 6 months or in the middle and last ten days of 4 months in the next year, exposing the earth surface, naturally airing the field, and preferably forming cracks on the earth surface.
Suaeda salsa seeding
The method comprises the steps of selecting local suaeda salsa seeds with the dosage of 1.5-2kg per mu, sowing after a big tide day, paying attention to weather, and preventing the suaeda salsa seeds from being washed by extra heavy rains 3-5 days after sowing.
Suaeda salsa community of water pipe
And transforming the overflow dam at the water inlet and outlet of the frame area, wherein the height of the dam is equal to or lower than that of the earth surface in the frame area. Prevent long-term (more than 2 days) flooding and stuffy seedlings. And the depth of the water layer of the suaeda salsa in the basketry area is lower than the height of the plant of the suaeda salsa.
Purified suaeda salsa community
The suaeda salsa population in the area surrounded by the frame may contain reed, spartina alterniflora and the like, and the root rot and the eradication can be realized by artificial removal or chemical weeding, preferably by a chemical weeding method. The herbicide is recommended to be used by mixing 30-50 ml of the high-efficiency haloxyfop-methyl microemulsion with 28 percent of the dosage with 15 kg of water for spraying, and the whole plant is sprayed thoroughly.
The positive effects of the present invention will be further described below with reference to specific experimental data and the like.
1. A laboratory pot simulated flooding test shows that after 30 days of continuous flooding, the flooding by more than 30cm can effectively inhibit the seedling emergence of the spartina alterniflora, for spartina alterniflora seedlings with the height of 10cm of the unearthed seedlings, the flooding exceeds the height of the seedlings by more than 40cm, and the effect of killing the spartina alterniflora by suffocating is more than 90%.
TABLE 1 Effect of Spartina alterniflora emergence at different flooding depths
| Treatment of | Total number of plants | Number of emerged seedlings | The smoldering rate% | The effect of smoldering and killing% |
| Soil surface flooding water of 10cm for soil-cultured spartina alterniflora roots | 20 | 11 | 45 | 42.11 |
| Soil surface flooding water of 20cm for soil-cultured spartina alterniflora roots | 20 | 8 | 60 | 57.89 |
| Soil surface flooding of soil-cultured spartina alterniflora roots by 30cm | 20 | 1 | 95 | 94.74 |
| Soil surface flooding of soil-cultured spartina alterniflora roots by 40cm | 20 | 0 | 100 | 100.00 |
| Soil surface flooding 50cm of soil-cultured spartina alterniflora roots | 20 | 0 | 100 | 100.00 |
| Soil surface moistening of soil-cultured spartina alterniflora | 20 | 19 | 5 | -- |
| The depth of the soil-cultured spartina alterniflora seedling submerged by the soil is 10cm | 20 | 14 | 30 | 22.22 |
| The depth of the soil-cultured spartina alterniflora seedling submerged by the soil is 20cm | 20 | 10 | 50 | 44.44 |
| The depth of the soil-cultured spartina alterniflora seedling submerged by the soil is 30cm | 20 | 8 | 60 | 55.56 |
| The depth of the soil-cultured spartina alterniflora seedling submerged by the soil is 40cm | 20 | 1 | 95 | 94.44 |
| The depth of the soil-cultured spartina alterniflora seedling submerged by the soil is 50cm | 20 | 0 | 100 | 100.00 |
| The seedlings of the soil-cultured spartina alterniflora do not flood and the soil surface is wet | 20 | 18 | 10 | --- |
2. Different salt concentrations are directly prepared by clear water, a water culture seedling emergence experiment is carried out in a pot, the salt concentrations are set to be 0%, 0.3%, 0.5%, 0.7%, 1.0%, 1.5%, 1.7%, 2.0%, 2.5% and 3.0%, and each salt concentration is repeated for 4 times. Putting the roots of the spartina alterniflora into saline water in a pot, sealing the pot with a plastic bag, pricking holes to enable spartina alterniflora seedlings to extend out of the plastic bag to grow vertically, and observing indexes such as seedling emergence conditions of the spartina alterniflora and growth height of the seedlings on the 5 th day and the 30 th day. The calculation of the rate of emergence and the daily growth amount shows that the low-salt water distribution (fresh water) has no obvious influence on the emergence of the spartina alterniflora but has obvious inhibition effect on the growth of the spartina alterniflora, shows that the growth height is slowly increased, and shows that the control effect of fresh water flooding is more obvious. High salinity water significantly affects spartina alterniflora emergence, but there is no operability by artificially increasing the flooding salinity.
TABLE 2 Effect of different salt contents of hydroponics on emergence and growth of Spartina alterniflora
In the description of the present invention, "a plurality" means two or more unless otherwise specified; the terms "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "inner", "outer", "front", "rear", "head", "tail", and the like, indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, are only for convenience in describing and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed in a particular orientation, and be operated, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," "third," and the like are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the present invention and the appended claims are not to be construed as limiting the scope of the invention, which is intended to cover all modifications, equivalents and improvements that are within the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. A method for replacing an spartina alterniflora community by a suaeda salsa community in an intertidal zone of a intertidal zone, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
carrying out the alternaria alternata community replacement by building a cofferdam, storing water, flooding, clearing dead branches and sundries, draining and airing a field, a water pipe suaeda salsa community and a purified suaeda salsa community.
2. The method of replacing an spartina alterniflora community with a suaeda salsa community for an intertidal zone of a tidal flat of claim 1, wherein the method of replacing an spartina alterniflora community with a suaeda salsa community for an intertidal zone of a tidal flat comprises the steps of:
step one, carrying out hanging and enclosing in a coastal intertidal zone spartina alterniflora generating area according to the trend of upstream fresh water entering a sea canal and seawater grooves, and constructing a cofferdam and a dam, wherein the dam is higher than the earth surface in the hanging and enclosing area by more than 100 cm; and water storage is carried out after the frame is encircled to submerge the ground;
step two, the flooding time generally starts from the beginning of winter or before the new seedlings of the spartina alterniflora in the first spring of the next year are unearthed; draining water at the end of the current year after the water storage submerges the Spartina alterniflora habitat for more than 6 months or in the middle and last ten days of 4 months of the next year to expose the earth surface, and naturally airing the field until the earth surface has cracks;
step three, transforming a water inlet and outlet storage dam of the rectifying area into an overflow dam, and enabling the height of the overflow dam to be equal to or slightly lower than the ground surface in the rectifying area;
step four, local suaeda salsa seeds are selected and sown after the heavy tide day and when no extra heavy rainstorm exists within 4-6 days;
and fifthly, removing the reed and the spartina alterniflora by manual removal or chemical weeding to purify the suaeda salsa community.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein the step one, said performing a framework comprises:
the hanging area is divided into two parts, namely a handling area with the hanging area being 500 mu left and right, upstream fresh water and seawater can directly enter the hanging area, and a stable water storage dam is arranged at a water inlet of the hanging area;
the dam of the water storage dam is higher than the earth surface in the fencing area by more than 100 cm.
4. The method of replacing a spartina alterniflora community with a suaeda salsa community for intertidal zones of the tidal flat of claim 2, wherein in step one, said impoundment comprises:
the water storage depth is 30-50cm before the water storage and the emergence of the spartina alterniflora new seedling;
if a small amount of spartina alterniflora new seedlings are unearthed, the water storage depth needs to exceed the height of the spartina alterniflora seedlings by about 50 cm;
the water storage source comprises rainwater, upstream water gathering and pump station water turning accumulation;
the water storage period is continuously maintained for more than 6 months, water storage can be started before winter, and the water storage period must include 3-5 months of the emergence peak period of the new seedlings of the spartina alterniflora.
5. The method of replacing an spartina alterniflora community with a suaeda salsa community for an intertidal zone of a tidal flat of claim 2, wherein the method of replacing an spartina alterniflora community with a suaeda salsa community for an intertidal zone of a tidal flat further comprises: the method is characterized in that the method comprises the following step of cleaning dead branches and sundries in a mechanical crushing mode before water storage begins or before suaeda salsa is planted.
6. The method of replacing a spartina alterniflora community with a suaeda salsa community in an intertidal zone of a tidal flat of claim 5, wherein the clearing of dead-shoot debris prior to planting suaeda salsa further comprises: after impurities are removed, shallow rotary tillage is needed.
7. The method of replacing a spartina alterniflora community with a suaeda salsa community for intertidal zones of a tidal flat of claim 2, wherein said broadcasting comprises: broadcasting according to the using amount of 1.5-2kg of suaeda salsa seeds per mu.
8. The method of replacing a spartina alterniflora community with a suaeda salsa community in intertidal zones of the tidal flat of claim 2, wherein the depth of the water layer of the suaeda salsa in the corral area is lower than the plant height of the suaeda salsa.
9. The method of replacing a spartina alterniflora community with a suaeda salsa community for intertidal zone of the tidal flat of claim 2, wherein the chemically weeding out of the suaeda salsa community for reed and spartina alterniflora comprises: the reed and the spartina alterniflora are removed by spraying 15 kg of water with 30-50 ml of herbicide and spraying the whole plant thoroughly.
10. The method of replacing a spartina alterniflora community with a suaeda salsa community on an intertidal zone of a beach of claim 9, wherein the herbicide is a 28% haloxyfop microemulsion.
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