CN114657360B - Rapid controllable cooling method for S-shaped stainless steel corrugated pipe - Google Patents
Rapid controllable cooling method for S-shaped stainless steel corrugated pipe Download PDFInfo
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/08—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for tubular bodies or pipes
- C21D9/085—Cooling or quenching
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D11/00—Process control or regulation for heat treatments
- C21D11/005—Process control or regulation for heat treatments for cooling
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Abstract
The application relates to a rapid controllable cooling method for an S-shaped stainless steel corrugated pipe, which comprises the following steps: a monitoring sensor and a nozzle are arranged in the cooling zone; according to the sensor sensing signal, when the jet of the nozzle relatively leans backwards to the front outer side of the second wave crest, the incident angle of the jet of the nozzle is shifted forwards, so that cold air is sprayed to the first wave trough area; when the jet of the nozzle is inclined forwards relatively to the rear outer side of the first wave crest, the incidence angle is unchanged, so that cold air is sprayed to the front side transition area of the first wave crest again; when the jet of the nozzle relatively reaches the front outer side of the second wave crest again, the incident angle of the jet of the nozzle is shifted backwards, so that cold air is sprayed to the area of the second wave crest; when the jet of nozzles relatively reaches the rear outer side of the second wave crest, the incidence angle is unchanged, so that cold air is sprayed to the rear side transition area of the second wave crest. With this circulation, this kind of dislocation regulation and control of incident angle makes the both sides transition region of trough obtain twice respectively and fully cool off around, thereby effectively promote the both sides transition region mechanical properties of trough.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to a corrugated pipe process, in particular to a rapid controllable cooling method for an S-shaped stainless steel corrugated pipe, and belongs to the technical field of heat treatment of corrugated pipes.
Background
The S-shaped stainless steel corrugated pipe is a cylindrical thin-wall elastic pipe with transverse corrugations, and has ideal bending flexibility and cycle change characteristics, so that the S-shaped stainless steel corrugated pipe can compensate the mutual displacement of connecting ends of pipes or machines and equipment, absorb vibration energy and play a role in silencing and damping, and is widely applied to related industries such as aerospace, automobiles and the like. Its caliber is generally in the range of DN10-DN50, and the specific structure is shown in FIG. 1, and is composed of nodes with consistent continuous waveforms, and the nodes have inward wave troughs and convex wave crests. Unlike common U-shaped (also called C-shaped) corrugated pipes, the node openings of the S-shaped stainless steel corrugated pipes are gradually tapered, namely, when the trough is transited to the crest at two sides through transition areas at two sides, the distance between the two sides is gradually reduced to be omega-shaped.
The small and medium caliber S-shaped stainless steel corrugated pipe subjected to spinning rolling forming is extruded by huge mechanical external force in the cold working process, different parts of the material are subjected to different degrees of plastic deformation under the action of the external force, when the external force is removed, different parts of the corrugated pipe are subjected to different degrees of rebound, so that macroscopic residual stresses are formed, and the residual stresses are mainly concentrated in trough areas, so that trough fracture failure frequently occurs in the using process, and the fatigue life of the corrugated pipe is reduced.
The microstructure and mechanical properties of the trough region can be remarkably improved and the fatigue life of the corrugated pipe can be prolonged by carrying out solution heat treatment on the corrugated pipe and cooling the trough region at a cooling speed of 200-350 ℃/s. However, because the S-shaped stainless steel corrugated pipe is a thin-wall pipe with a corrugated structure, and the openings of the nodes are gradually shaped, the transition areas on the two sides of the trough have certain corners, and the cold air is difficult to rapidly cool the transition areas on the two sides of the trough, so that the mechanical property of the transition areas on the two sides of the trough is not remarkably improved.
In addition, because the gaps between the adjacent peaks and the deep valleys of the outer corrugation of the small-caliber and medium-caliber stainless steel corrugated pipe are smaller, the cold air is difficult to rapidly cool the valley regions, so that the mechanical property of the valley regions is not remarkably improved.
Disclosure of Invention
The main purpose of the application is that: aiming at the problem that the S-shaped stainless steel corrugated pipe is difficult to cool the transition area rapidly, the rapid controllable cooling method for the S-shaped stainless steel corrugated pipe is provided, and the mechanical properties of the transition areas on two sides of the trough can be effectively improved.
A further object of the application is: the rapid controllable cooling method for the S-shaped stainless steel corrugated pipe can effectively improve the mechanical property of the trough region.
In order to achieve the primary purpose, the basic technical scheme of the rapid controllable cooling method for the S-shaped stainless steel corrugated pipe comprises the following steps of:
firstly, arranging a sensor for monitoring the relative position at the side of a traction passing path of an S-shaped stainless steel corrugated pipe in a cooling zone, and uniformly distributing nozzles with adjustable incidence angles around the cross section of the S-shaped stainless steel corrugated pipe;
a second step of feeding back the relative cooling position of the nozzle according to the sensor signal, when the relative backward inclination of the nozzle jet reaches the front and outer sides of the second peak, the incident angle (phi) of the nozzle 1 ) Indexing forward according to a first preset rule, and gradually spraying to the first trough area;
thirdly, when the jet flow of the nozzle relatively tilts forwards to the rear outer side of the first wave crest, the nozzle sprays to the front side transition area of the first wave crest and pauses rotating;
fourth, when the nozzle jet reaches the front and outer sides of the second peak again with respect to the forward inclination, the incidence angle (Φ) of the nozzle 2 ) Indexing backwards according to a second preset rule, and gradually spraying to a second crest area;
and fifthly, when the jet flow of the nozzle relatively leans backwards and reaches the rear outer side of the second wave crest, the jet flow of the nozzle is sprayed to the rear side transition area of the second wave crest, rotation is stopped, and the second step is returned.
After the application is adopted, reasonable transposition regulation and control of the incident angle is realized: when the jet of the nozzle is inclined backwards relative to the front and the outer sides of the second wave crest, the incidence angle of the jet of the nozzle is shifted forwards, so that cold air is sprayed to the first wave trough area; when the jet of the nozzle is inclined forwards relatively to the rear outer side of the first wave crest, the incidence angle is unchanged, so that cold air is sprayed to the front side transition area of the first wave crest again; when the jet of the nozzle relatively reaches the front outer side of the second wave crest again, the incident angle of the jet of the nozzle is shifted backwards, so that cold air is sprayed to the area of the second wave crest; when the jet of nozzles relatively reaches the rear outer side of the second wave crest, the incidence angle is unchanged, so that cold air is sprayed to the rear side transition area of the second wave crest. With this circulation, this kind of dislocation regulation and control of incident angle makes the both sides transition region of trough obtain twice respectively and fully cool off around, thereby effectively promote the both sides transition region mechanical properties of trough.
A further refinement of the present application is that the first predetermined law is determined by the following formula:
displacement range: n x L is not less than s is not less than c+n x L
The second predetermined law is determined by the following formula:
displacement range: />
In order to achieve the further object, the rapid and controllable cooling method of the S-shaped stainless steel corrugated pipe of the application further comprises the following steps: the jet flow velocity of the nozzle is adjustable, and the jet flow velocity V of the nozzle in the trough area is controlled according to the following formula according to the opposite cooling part of the nozzle fed back by the sensing signal of the sensor Cereal grain Nozzle jet flow velocity V in peak region Peak to peak And the nozzle jet flow velocity V in the transition region on both sides of the trough 1 of the way 、V 2 cross Variable speed with the displacement of the bellows from the initial point of cooling:
displacement range: n x L is not less than s is not less than c+n x L
Displacement range:
displacement range: />
Displacement range: />
In this way, the flow velocity of the cooling gas sprayed by the nozzles in the trough areas is several times of that of the peaks (for example, about 2.5 times of that of the initial spraying flow velocity), so that the problem that gaps between adjacent peaks are small and cold air is insufficient at the deeper positions of the troughs can be effectively solved, the rapid cooling speeds of the peaks and the troughs are relatively close, and the mechanical properties of the trough areas are remarkably improved.
In a word, the prior art is very mature in both realizing the corner control of the hinged member by means of controllable power such as a servo motor and regulating the jet flow speed of the nozzle by a pressure regulating pump or an electromagnetic valve, so that the mechanical property of the transition region of the S-shaped stainless steel corrugated pipe can be effectively improved as long as the scientific nozzle corner control for rapid cooling of the S-shaped stainless steel corrugated pipe is researched and a reasonable jet flow speed control method is further innovated.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the application and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the application and together with the description serve to explain the application and do not constitute a undue limitation on the application, in which:
fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a bellows to be cooled according to an embodiment of the present application.
Fig. 2 is a schematic view of the nozzle arrangement axial structure of the embodiment of fig. 1.
FIG. 3 is a partial schematic view of the axial structure of the nozzle of the embodiment of FIG. 1 in a first operating condition position.
FIG. 4 is a partial schematic illustration of the axial configuration of the nozzle of the embodiment of FIG. 1 in a second operating condition position.
FIG. 5 is a partial schematic view of the axial structure of the nozzle of the embodiment of FIG. 1 in a third operating mode position.
FIG. 6 is a partial schematic view of the axial configuration of the nozzle of the embodiment of FIG. 1 in a fourth operating position.
Fig. 7 is a graph showing a change in the cold air injection speed of the embodiment of fig. 1.
Fig. 8 is a graph of the change in angle of incidence of the embodiment of fig. 1.
Detailed Description
Example 1
The 321 stainless steel S-shaped corrugated pipe 2 related to the rapid controllable cooling method of the S-shaped stainless steel corrugated pipe of the embodiment is shown in fig. 1, the S-shaped stainless steel corrugated pipe 2 is composed of nodes with continuous waveforms consistent, each node is provided with an inward first trough 21 and an outward first crest 22, the first trough 21 is provided with a front side transition area 21-1 and a rear side transition area 21-2, and the opening of each node is in a gradual-shrinking shape; bellows outer diameter d 20 14mm, inner fillet radius r=0.5 mm, outer fillet radius r=0.7 mm, distance h from peak center to axis 0 Distance h from center of trough to axis of =6.3mm 1 Approximately 5.64mm, wave pitch l=2 mm, wave height h=2.06 mm, wall thickness δ=0.2mm, valley region jet displacement length c=0.6 mm, peak region jet displacement length 2L 1 =0.35 mm, transition zone injection displacement length 2L 2 =1.05mm. The preset heating time T is usually 10-20s, the set temperature Q is usually 1050-1150 ℃, the traction speed V is usually 1-5m/min, the set temperature holding time is usually t=10-20 s, the temperature of the cooling gas is usually 0-20 ℃, and all the parameters in this embodiment are determined as the median. The cooling gas was ammonia gas (75% H) 2 +25％N 2 ) The ammonia decomposition gas can protect the corrugated pipe, prevent oxidation in the heat treatment process, play a role in oxidation reduction, and obtain a bright appearance under the high-temperature condition.
The rapid controllable cooling method for the S-shaped stainless steel corrugated pipe comprises the following steps of:
firstly, as shown in fig. 2 and 3, a sensor 3 for transmitting monitoring signals by an axial monitoring circuit is arranged at the side of a traction passing path of an S-shaped stainless steel corrugated pipe 2 in a cooling area, four nozzles 1 with preset calibers are uniformly distributed on the circumference, the spraying width and the spraying flow rate are adjustable, the nozzles are selected as slit-type nozzles, the spraying width of the nozzles is 100 degrees, the incident angle phi of the nozzles is the included angle between jet flow and the vertical direction, wherein the direction of the axis of the vertical corrugated pipe is 0 degree, the clockwise direction is positive, the anticlockwise direction is negative, the initial incident angle theta is 7.275 degrees, and the jet angle phi of the nozzles is adjustable due to hinging of the nozzles; the sensor is one of a laser ranging sensor, an electromagnetic ranging sensor and a machine vision imaging sensor.
In the second step, according to the cooling position of the nozzle relative to the sensor sensing signal feedback, as shown in the first working condition position shown in fig. 3, when the nozzle jet relatively reaches the front outer side 22-1' of the second peak 22', i.e. the position of the nozzle jet leaning backward and tangential to the front outer side of the second peak 22', the nozzle 1 indexes forward anticlockwise, and the incident angle phi 1 The periodic displacement variation with a sinusoidal function from the initial point of cooling with the bellows is controlled as follows:
displacement range: n x L is not less than s is not less than c+n x L
Gradually spraying the plastic material to a first trough area 21, namely a shadow area shown in fig. 3, wherein the trough area is a concave area in the forming process of the S-shaped corrugated pipe and is an area with the largest deformation amount, and the plastic material bears a bending fatigue deformation area in the use process;
in a third step, the second operating position shown in fig. 4, which is the position of the dotted line shown in fig. 5, when the jet of the nozzle relatively reaches the rear outer side 22-2 of the first peak 22, that is, the position where the jet of the nozzle is tilted forward and tangential to the rear outer side 22-2 of the first peak 22, the nozzle pauses rotating, and the incident angle is sprayed to the front transition region 21-1 of the first trough 21 at an angle of-7.275 °, the displacement range:the front side transition region 21-1 of the first valley region 21, i.e., the hatched region shown in fig. 4, is the transition region where the first valleys connect with the first peaks. After the first cooling of the zone in the second step, the second cooling is obtained in the third step.
In the fourth step, in the third operating position shown in fig. 5, when the nozzle jet reaches the front outer side 22-1 'of the second peak 22' again relatively, the nozzle 1 is indexed clockwise and backward, and the incident angle Φ 2 The periodic displacement variation of the sinusoidal curve with the start of the bellows from the initial point of cooling is controlled as follows:
displacement range:
gradually spraying the plastic film to a second crest area 22', namely a shadow area shown in fig. 5, wherein the crest area is a convex area in the forming process of the S-shaped corrugated pipe and is an area with smaller deformation amount, and the use process is an auxiliary area for bearing bending fatigue;
fifth step, as shown in FIG. 6In the fourth operating position shown, when the nozzle jet reaches the rear outer side 22-2 'of the second crest 22', the nozzle is stopped rotating, the angle of incidence being directed at 7.275 ° to the rear transition region 21-2 'of the second trough 21', the displacement range: the trailing transition region 21-2 'of the second valley region 21', which is the shaded region shown in FIG. 6, is the transition region where the second valley and third peak are joined. After the first cooling of this zone in the fifth step, a second cooling will be obtained in the next step (periodic displacement variation).
The S-type stainless steel bellows is passed through a cooling zone and is cooled by a heat treatment temperature at a predetermined cooling rate to spray a cooling gas flow rate from a nozzle as an initial spray flow rate.
According to the relative cooling position of the nozzle fed back by the sensor sensing signal, the monitoring circuit controls the spraying flow rate and the spraying angle of the cooling gas from the wave crest to the wave trough according to the following rule:
flow velocity V of injection at valley regions 21 Cereal grain The periodic displacement variation of the sinusoidal function as the bellows starts from the initial point of cooling (as shown in fig. 3) is controlled as follows:
displacement range: n x L is not less than s is not less than c+n x L
Peak area 22' jet velocity V Peak to peak The periodic displacement variation of the sinusoidal function as the bellows starts from the initial point of cooling (as shown in fig. 5) is controlled as follows:
displacement range:
the front transition region 21-1 of the trough jets a flow velocity V 1 of the way Jet flow velocity V in the rear transition region 21-2 2 cross The linear changes from the initial points of cooling are controlled as follows:
displacement range:
displacement range:in the above
h-the initial cooling point position nozzle to bellows axis distance is twice the value in millimeters, in mm, this example 22mm;
d 1 bellows in dynamic diameter values in millimeters at the valley region injection locations, according toSubstitution;
d 2 bellows in dynamic diameter values in millimeters at peak zone injection locations, according toSubstitution;
d 10 -diameter of the trough bottom in mm, in this example 9.88mm;
d 20 -bellows outer diameter in mm, in this example 14mm;
V 00 ——the trough point amplitude variation adjusts the reference parameter, in units of m/s, selected according to Table 1 below, in this example 2.5m/s;
V 0 -peak point amplitude variation adjustment reference parameters, unit m/s, selected according to table 2 below, this example being 1.5m/s;
s-displacement of bellows from initial point of cooling, unit mm, independent variable;
l is the wave distance of the corrugated pipe, the unit is mm, and the embodiment is 2mm;
c-the total length of the jet displacement of the valley region, in this example 0.6mm;
θ—initial incident maximum swing angle, in degrees;
n, namely the number of peaks passing through the cooling area, and taking natural numbers of 0, 1, 2 and 3 …;
f-is the initial injection flow rate of the wave crest, the unit is m/s, and the embodiment is 3m/s;
e-is the initial jet flow rate of the trough, in m/s, in this example 5m/s;
TABLE 1V 00 Value taking
TABLE 2V 0 Value taking
V-traction speed in m/min, 1m/min in this example;
h-initial Cooling Point position nozzle to bellows axis distance is twice the value in millimeters, in mm, this example 22mm.
In this way, the incidence angle of the nozzle between each crest and trough of the S-shaped stainless steel corrugated pipe is regulated and controlled according to the empirical formula repeatedly found out and is changed periodically to be approximate to a sine law shown in fig. 7, so that reasonable transposition regulation and control of the incidence angle is realized: when the jet of the nozzle is inclined backwards relative to the front and the outer sides of the second wave crest, the incidence angle of the jet of the nozzle is shifted forwards, so that cold air is sprayed to the first wave trough area; when the jet of the nozzle is inclined forwards relatively to the rear outer side of the first wave crest, the incidence angle is unchanged, so that cold air is sprayed to the front side transition area of the first wave crest again; when the jet of the nozzle relatively reaches the front outer side of the second wave crest again, the incident angle of the jet of the nozzle is forward, so that cold air is sprayed to the area of the second wave crest; when the jet nozzle jet is inclined backward and reaches the rear outer side of the second wave crest, the incidence angle is unchanged, so that cold air is sprayed to the rear side transition area of the second wave crest. With this circulation, this kind of dislocation regulation and control of incident angle makes the both sides transition region of trough obtain twice respectively and fully cool off around, thereby effectively promote the both sides transition region mechanical properties of trough.
The injection flow rate of the nozzle is regulated and controlled according to the empirical formula repeatedly searched out and is changed periodically to be approximate to a sine law shown in fig. 8, so that the rapid cooling speed of each part of the S-shaped stainless steel corrugated pipe is basically consistent, the problems that gaps between adjacent wave crests are smaller and cold air at the deep positions of wave troughs is insufficient can be effectively solved, the rapid cooling speeds of the wave crests and the wave troughs are relatively approximate, and the mechanical property of the wave trough area is remarkably improved.
Experiments show that when the traction S-shaped stainless steel corrugated pipe is heated to a preset temperature through a heating unit to be output for on-line rapid cooling, the movement position of the corrugated pipe is captured through a sensor and a monitoring circuit, the incidence angle of a nozzle is regulated and controlled according to wave crests and wave troughs in an approximate sine law, the injection quantity (flow velocity) of the nozzle is regulated and controlled in an approximate sine law, the incidence angle of the nozzle is regulated and controlled in the transition areas on two sides of the wave troughs in the maximum swing angle of the corrugated pipe, and the injection quantity (flow velocity) of the nozzle is regulated and controlled in a linear change law, so that the uniform and rapid secondary cooling on demand can be achieved in the transition areas on two sides of the wave troughs, the required fine crystal strengthening effect is generated on the transition areas on two sides of the wave troughs, the comprehensive mechanical property of the whole corrugated pipe is improved, the fatigue life of the corrugated pipe is effectively prolonged, and ideal effects are obtained.
Various parameters selectable within a certain range are preferred values in this embodiment. In addition to the embodiments described above, other embodiments of the application are possible. For example, the gradual change of the jet flow velocity between the peaks and the troughs and the incidence angle can be other change rules such as an exponential, a parabolic, a logarithmic, a power function and the like; etc. All technical schemes formed by equivalent substitution or equivalent transformation fall within the protection scope of the application.
Claims (3)
1. A rapid controllable cooling method for an S-shaped stainless steel corrugated pipe is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
firstly, arranging monitoring sensors at the sides of a traction passing path of an S-shaped stainless steel corrugated pipe in a cooling area, and uniformly distributing nozzles with adjustable incident angles around the cross section of the S-shaped stainless steel corrugated pipe;
a second step, according to the relative cooling position of the nozzle fed back by the sensor sensing signal, when the nozzle jet tilts backward relatively to reach the front outer side of the second peak, the incident angle phi of the nozzle 1 Indexing forward according to a first preset rule, and gradually spraying to the first trough area;
thirdly, when the jet flow of the nozzle relatively tilts forwards to the rear outer side of the first wave crest, the nozzle sprays to the front side transition area of the first wave crest and pauses rotating;
fourth, when the jet of the nozzle reaches the front and outer sides of the second peak again with respect to the forward inclination, the incident angle phi of the nozzle 2 Indexing backwards according to a second preset rule, and gradually spraying to a second crest area;
fifthly, when the jet flow of the nozzle relatively tilts backwards to the rear outer side of the second wave crest, the jet flow of the nozzle sprays to the rear side transition area of the second wave crest and pauses rotating, and the second step is returned;
the first predetermined law is determined by the following formula:
displacement range: n x L is not less than s is not less than c+n x L
The second predetermined law is determined by the following formula:
displacement range: />
In the above
R is the radius of the external corrugation fillet, and the unit is mm;
s-displacement of the bellows from the initial point of cooling in mm;
l is the wave distance of the corrugated pipe, and the unit is mm;
n-the number of peaks passing through the cooling zone;
c, corrugated pipe gap, unit mm;
θ—initial incident maximum swing angle in degrees.
2. The rapid and controllable cooling method for S-type stainless steel corrugated pipes according to claim 1, wherein: the jet flow velocity of the nozzle is adjustable, and the jet flow velocity V of the nozzle in the trough area is controlled according to the following formula according to the opposite cooling part of the nozzle fed back by the sensing signal of the sensor Cereal grain Nozzle jet flow velocity V in peak region Peak to peak And the nozzle jet flow velocity V in the transition region on both sides of the trough 1 of the way 、V 2 cross Variable speed with the displacement of the bellows from the initial point of cooling:
displacement range: n x L is not less than s is not less than c+n x LDisplacement range: />
Displacement range: />
Displacement range: />
In the above
h, the distance from the initial cooling point position nozzle to the axis of the corrugated pipe is twice as large as a unit value of millimeter, and the unit value is mm;
d 1 -dynamic diameter values in millimeters for bellows at the valley region injection locations in mm;
d 2 -the dynamic diameter value of the bellows at the injection position of the wave crest area is measured in millimeters and is measured in millimeters;
d 10 -diameter of trough bottom of trough, unit mm;
d 20 -bellows outer diameter in mm;
V 00 -trough point amplitude variation adjusting reference parameters in m/s;
V 0 -peak point amplitude variation adjusting reference parameters, unit m/s;
e-is Gu Dingdian initial spraying flow rate, unit m/s;
f-is the peak initial spray flow rate, unit m/s.
3. The rapid and controllable cooling method for S-type stainless steel corrugated pipes according to claim 2, wherein:
the V is 00 、V 0 Take values according to tables 1 and 2, respectively
TABLE 1
TABLE 2
V in the table-traction speed in m/min.
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