CN114651704B - Multifunctional management system and management method for tea orchard - Google Patents
Multifunctional management system and management method for tea orchard Download PDFInfo
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- CN114651704B CN114651704B CN202210369713.XA CN202210369713A CN114651704B CN 114651704 B CN114651704 B CN 114651704B CN 202210369713 A CN202210369713 A CN 202210369713A CN 114651704 B CN114651704 B CN 114651704B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G25/00—Watering gardens, fields, sports grounds or the like
- A01G25/02—Watering arrangements located above the soil which make use of perforated pipe-lines or pipe-lines with dispensing fittings, e.g. for drip irrigation
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B51/00—Undercarriages specially adapted for mounting-on various kinds of agricultural tools or apparatus
- A01B51/04—Undercarriages specially adapted for mounting-on various kinds of agricultural tools or apparatus drawn by animal or tractor
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B63/00—Lifting or adjusting devices or arrangements for agricultural machines or implements
- A01B63/14—Lifting or adjusting devices or arrangements for agricultural machines or implements for implements drawn by animals or tractors
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B75/00—Carriers for supporting persons when working in the field, e.g. while thinning beet
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G3/00—Cutting implements specially adapted for horticultural purposes; Delimbing standing trees
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/22—Improving land use; Improving water use or availability; Controlling erosion
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Ecology (AREA)
- Forests & Forestry (AREA)
- Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
- Harvesting Machines For Specific Crops (AREA)
- Catching Or Destruction (AREA)
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of tea orchard management, in particular to a multifunctional management system and a management method for a tea orchard, wherein the multifunctional management system comprises soil tillage operation, tree pruning operation, pest control operation, irrigation operation and tea fruit harvesting operation; the equipment platform comprises a variable frame, a driving module, an operation platform and a control platform; because the tea orchard with longer time is established, the row spacing, plant spacing, standardized pruning of branches and the like for crop cultivation are not considered, and the mechanized process of tea orchard management is restricted; therefore, the beam frame and the liftable suspension in the variable frame are assembled into proper sizes according to the spacing and the height of plants in a tea garden needing to be managed, the beam frame and the liftable suspension are matched with the spacing and the height data of the plants, the working efficiency of tea garden operators is improved by matching with the installed operation table and the control table, the labor capacity is reduced, and the participation of the operators has better adaptability compared with the operation of a fully-mechanized machine tool.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of tea orchard management, and particularly relates to a multifunctional tea orchard management system and a management method.
Background
Along with the continuous increase of the planting area of the tea orchard in China, the requirements of large-scale development and standardized management of the tea orchard are increasingly standardized, in the crop cultivation process of the tea orchard, various operation and maintenance are involved, and in order to keep the economic benefit of the tea orchard, the mechanized management of the tea orchard has become a trend of future development.
The tea orchard mechanization is not only an important component of the development of the tea fruit industry, but also an important component of the agricultural mechanization, and the mechanization level of the tea orchard is greatly different from that of the traditional agricultural machinery such as rice and wheat crops at present; along with the promotion of urban land of China and the shortage of special machine tools and products of tea orchards, most management operations (irrigation, fertilization, pruning, pesticide application, harvesting and the like) in the tea orchards are mainly finished by relying on manual operations, and along with the increase of labor cost and the adjustment and upgrading of industrial structures of the tea orchards, the mechanization of the tea orchards is an effective way for realizing efficient production.
At present, the problem that the agricultural mode and machinery of the tea orchard planting management in China are not matched is serious, particularly the tea orchard with longer establishment time lacks standardized management in the planting management mode, and the modes of mechanized operation are not considered, such as row spacing, plant spacing, standardized pruning of branches and the like during the agricultural cultivation of the tea orchard, so that the existing orchard agricultural implement has weak pertinence to the old tea orchard, and the mechanized process of the tea orchard management is restricted.
Therefore, in order to solve the problem that the mechanized application is affected in the tea garden management, the invention provides a multifunctional tea garden management system and a management method.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the defects in the prior art, the multifunctional management system and the management method for the tea orchard provided by the invention are used for solving the problems of the prior art; the technical problems that in a tea orchard with long establishment time, due to the fact that standardized management is lacking in a planting management mode, row spacing, plant spacing, branch standardized pruning and the like during agricultural cultivation of the tea orchard are solved, a mechanical operation mode is not considered, the existing orchard agricultural machinery is not strong in pertinence to an old tea orchard, and the mechanical process of tea orchard management is restricted.
The invention relates to a multifunctional management system for tea orchards, which comprises the following components.
Soil tillage operation, namely tillage soil by pulling farm tools through an equipment platform, such as ridging, weeding, ridging, hole digging, ditching, fertilizing and the like through farm tools such as a tractor pulling plow, a harrow and the like.
The tree body pruning operation is carried out on tea fruit tree bodies in the cultivation process in a tea orchard through the equipment platform and comprises pruning, flower thinning, bagging and pollination on the tea fruit tree bodies, so that the tea fruit tree bodies are in a proper growth and development state.
The pest control operation performs plant protection pesticide application and physical pest control operation on tea fruits through the equipment platform, and comprises pesticide application by adopting modes of spray guns, pipelines, aviation and the like, and physical pest control modes of light attraction, smell attraction, air fineness and the like.
And (3) an irrigation operation, namely conveying irrigation water into the tea garden through the equipment platform, and irrigating in a mode that a water belt or a transportation water sump is paved on the equipment platform.
The tea fruit harvesting operation is performed mechanically or semi-mechanically through the equipment platform and comprises a harvesting mode of assisting tea tree picking personnel and vibrating fruit dropping of citrus fruit and other fruit trees.
Wherein the equipment platform comprises.
The variable frame comprises one or more of a detachable beam frame or a liftable suspension, a telescopic rod is fixedly arranged in the beam frame, the end part of the beam frame is assembled and fixed with a beam arm of the liftable suspension, and the liftable suspension realizes the adjustment of the length, width and height of the variable frame by adjusting the distance in the telescopic direction of the liftable suspension; wherein the liftable suspension adopts hydraulic suspension or pneumatic suspension.
The driving module is fixedly arranged at the bottom of the variable frame and comprises a prime motor and a wheel set driven by the prime motor.
The working table is fixedly arranged in the variable frame and is used for placing or mounting tea fruit working tools and serving as an operation space of operators.
The control console is fixedly arranged in the operation console, the control console is used for controlling the operation of the equipment platform, and an operator can operate the operation of the equipment platform through the control console.
Preferably, drip irrigation pipes and pipelines are arranged at the bottom of an operation platform in the equipment platform, a communicated water pump is further arranged on the pipeline of the pipeline, the water pump is fixedly arranged on the operation platform, and the operation platform is communicated with an irrigation water source in a tea garden through the carried water belts.
Preferably, a vertical arm is fixedly arranged on the operation platform of the equipment platform, and a fan is fixedly arranged on a damping universal joint at the top end of the vertical arm.
Preferably, a plurality of water tanks are placed in the equipment platform.
Preferably, the variable frame further comprises a column frame, the column frame is detachably mounted at the end part of the beam frame in a vertical state, and the bottom of the column frame is used for mounting the wheel set in the driving module.
Preferably, the liftable suspension of the variable frame is arranged between the bottom of the column frame and the wheel set of the driving module, and the middle part of the beam frame of the variable frame is also provided with an inclination sensor which is in communication connection with the control console.
Preferably, a plurality of operation platforms are assembled in the equipment platform, mutually communicated operation channels are formed between the operation platforms, the multimedia equipment is installed on the equipment platform along the operation channels, and the multimedia equipment is in communication connection with the control platform.
Preferably, the wheel set of the driving module further comprises.
The driving wheel is arranged at the end part of the variable frame in the advancing direction and is in transmission connection with a prime motor in the driving module.
And the load wheels are rotatably arranged between the driving wheels at the bottom of the variable frame and are used for increasing the contact area between the equipment platform and the ground.
And the pressing plate is fixedly arranged at the outer side of the travelling direction of the driving wheel, and the outer side of the pressing plate, which is far away from the driving wheel, is tilted upwards.
Preferably, the pressing plate is in a downward protruding arc shape, and the arc bottom of the pressing plate is leveled with the bottom surface of the wheel set.
The invention relates to a multifunctional management method for a tea garden, which is suitable for the multifunctional management system for the tea garden, and the management method comprises the following steps.
I. When soil tillage operation is carried out in a tea garden, the variable frame is assembled into a state with the maximum width in the process of barren of the tea garden and is used for pulling tillage farm tools, and when subsequent tillage operation is carried out, the equipment platform spans over the tea fruit tree bodies by adjusting the height of the variable frame, and the tillage farm tools are installed at intervals according to the intervals of the tea fruit tree bodies for operation.
II. When the tree body pruning operation is carried out in a tea orchard, the assembled equipment platform stretches across the ranks of the tea fruit tree body land parcels, the operation platform is arranged at the position on the equipment platform through adjustment, the operation personnel is positioned at the comfortable position of standing, sitting or prone position, pruning, flower thinning, bagging and pollination are carried out on the tea fruit trees by adopting pruning tools, the operation personnel are arranged one by one according to the planting ranks of the tea fruit tree bodies under the condition that the operation personnel are sufficient, the number of times that the equipment platform moves back and forth in the plant ranks of the tea orchard is reduced, under the condition that the operation personnel are insufficient, the operation personnel can directly stretch across the ranks of the tea fruit tree body through the passage capable of walking and communicating with the assembly between the operation platforms arranged on the equipment platform, and management operation is convenient.
III, when pest control operation is carried out in the tea orchard, selecting pest control projects according to the types of planted crops in the tea orchard, and installing operation tables in the equipment platform to different operation surface heights so as to timely control the pests according to the growth condition of the tea fruits.
IV, when carrying out irrigation operation in the tea orchard, carry hosepipe or water tank through the equipment platform, with the irrigation water source intercommunication in hosepipe one end and the tea orchard, and remove the hosepipe of laying in the tea orchard through the equipment platform, can also install the other end or the water tank of hosepipe on the different positions in the equipment platform, realize carrying out irrigation operation to the different positions of tea fruit tree body, carry out the sprinkling irrigation to the top of tea fruit tree body through the water pump that installs in the equipment platform with the irrigation water in the water tank through the hosepipe, the rainfall condition under the simulation nature condition, the suitable mode of selection irrigates tea fruit tree of being convenient for.
V, when tea fruit harvesting operation is carried out in a tea orchard, according to the distribution condition of different tea fruit tree bodies and fruits, the operation table is installed at a proper position in the equipment platform, so that an operator can be in a comfortable operation position for picking and harvesting.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows.
1. According to the multifunctional management system and the management method for the tea orchard, semi-mechanized cooperation with operators is adopted to conduct operation management on the tea orchard, the problems that the cost is excessively high due to full mechanization and the environment of different tea fruit trees and the tea orchard is limited are avoided, variable frames in different modes are assembled in an equipment platform, the working efficiency of the operators for the tea orchard is improved due to the cooperation with the installed operation table and control table, the labor capacity is reduced, and the operators participate in the multifunctional management system and the management method have better adaptability than those of full mechanization machines.
2. According to the multifunctional management system and method for the tea orchard, the downward protruding arc is arranged in the pressing plate of the driving module, the bottom of the pressing plate is enabled to be equal to the bottom surface position of the wheel set, the equipment platform is utilized to sink on the soil ground of the tea orchard, when the pressing plate contacts the soil ground in the tea orchard, the soil ground is compacted, therefore when the end part of the wheel set advances, the height drop of the sinking generated between the contacted ground and the gravity center of the equipment platform is reduced, the inclination of the equipment platform in the advancing direction is reduced, and the operation table is maintained in a state of tending to the horizontal plane.
3. According to the multifunctional management system and the management method for the tea orchard, when the tree body is trimmed, the fans on the operation table are controlled by the vertical arms to blow air to the tea fruit tree body, the natural strong wind condition is simulated, the dead leaves of the residual branches on the tea fruit tree body are blown down, and the branches and the leaves of the tea fruit tree body are cleaned; meanwhile, when irrigation operation is carried out, a fan on the vertical arm faces the pipeline of the equipment platform, the blowing distance of the water quantity of the sprinkling irrigation position is increased, damage to tea fruit trees in severe weather is simulated, branches growing worse in the tea fruit tree body are removed, and the cultivated tea fruit crop branches are kept in a healthy growth state.
Drawings
The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Figure 1 is a diagram of the architecture of the tea orchard multifunctional management system of the present invention.
Figure 2 is a flow chart of the method for multifunctional management of tea orchards in the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a perspective view of the device platform of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is an exploded view of the platform of the apparatus of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a perspective view of a drive module assembly in accordance with the present invention.
Fig. 6 is a perspective view of a table member in the present invention.
In the figure: 1. an equipment platform; 11. a drip irrigation pipe; 12. a pipe; 13. a water hose; 14. a water tank; 2. a work table; 21. a blower; 22. a vertical arm; 221. damping universal joint; 3. a variable frame; 31. a beam frame; 311. a telescopic rod; 32. lifting suspension; 321. a beam arm; 33. a column frame; 4. a driving module; 41. a wheel set; 42. a driving wheel; 43. a loading wheel; 44. a pressing plate; 5. a console.
Description of the embodiments
For the purpose of making the objects, technical means and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention more clear, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
The embodiment of the invention solves the technical problems that the tea orchard with long construction time lacks standardized management in a planting management mode, the row spacing, plant spacing, branch standardized pruning and the like during agricultural cultivation of the tea orchard do not consider a mechanical operation mode, so that the existing orchard farm tools have weak pertinence to the old tea orchard and restrict the mechanical process of the tea orchard management.
The technical scheme in the embodiment of the invention aims to solve the technical problems, and the overall thought is as follows: before the equipment platform is used, according to the spacing and the height of plants in a tea garden needing to be managed, beam frames and liftable suspensions in a variable frame are assembled into proper sizes on an operation site of the tea garden, so that the spacing and the plant height of the plants in the variable frame and the tea garden are matched, then a prime mover and a wheel set in a driving module are mounted on the assembled variable frame, then an operation table and a control table are mounted, operation and debugging are carried out, the operation table is operated by an operator to drive the equipment platform to enter the tea garden to carry out various operations of the tea garden, the working efficiency of the operator of the tea garden is improved, the labor capacity is reduced, and the participation of the operator is better in adaptability than the operation of a fully mechanized machine tool.
In order to better understand the above technical solutions, the following detailed description will refer to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
As shown in fig. 1 to 4, the multifunctional management system for tea orchards according to the present invention includes.
Soil tillage operation, namely, soil tillage is performed by pulling farm tools through the equipment platform 1, such as ridging, weeding, ridging, hole digging, ditching, fertilizing and the like through farm tools such as a tractor pulling plow, a harrow and the like.
The tree body pruning operation is carried out on tea fruit tree bodies in the cultivation process in a tea orchard through the equipment platform 1 and comprises pruning, flower thinning, bagging and pollination on the tea fruit tree bodies, so that the tea fruit tree bodies are in a proper growth and development state.
The pest control operation, which performs plant protection and pesticide application and physical insect prevention operation on tea fruits through the equipment platform 1, comprises pesticide application by adopting modes of a spray gun, a pipeline 12, aviation and the like, and physical insect prevention modes of light attraction, smell attraction, air fineness and the like;
and (3) an irrigation operation, namely conveying irrigation water into a tea garden through the equipment platform 1, wherein the irrigation operation adopts the mode that the equipment platform 1 is paved with the water belt 13 or a transportation water sump for irrigation.
The tea fruit harvesting operation is performed mechanically or semi-mechanically through the equipment platform 1 and comprises a harvesting mode of assisting tea tree picking personnel and vibrating fruit dropping of citrus fruit trees and the like.
Wherein the device platform 1 comprises.
The variable vehicle frame 3, the variable vehicle frame 3 comprises one or more of a detachable assembled beam frame 31 and a liftable suspension 32, a telescopic rod 311 is fixedly arranged in the beam frame 31, the end part of the beam frame 31 is assembled and fixed with a beam arm 321 of the liftable suspension 32, and the liftable suspension 32 realizes the adjustment of the length, width and height of the variable vehicle frame 3 by adjusting the distance in the telescopic direction; wherein the liftable suspension 32 is hydraulically or pneumatically suspended.
The driving module 4, the driving module 4 is fixedly installed at the bottom of the variable frame 3, and the driving module 4 comprises a prime motor and a wheel set 41 driven by the prime motor.
A working table 2, wherein the working table 2 is fixedly arranged in the variable frame 3, and the working table 2 is used for placing or installing tea fruit working tools and is used as an operation space of operators.
The control console 5, control console 5 fixed mounting is in operation panel 2, and control console 5 is used for controlling the operation of equipment platform 1, and the operation personnel can operate the operation of equipment platform 1 through control console 5.
Before the equipment platform 1 is used, according to the spacing and the height of plants in a tea garden needing to be managed, the extension state of a telescopic rod 311 in a beam frame 31 is changed, the lifting height of a lifting suspension 32 is adjusted, the beam frame 31 in a variable frame 3 and a beam arm 321 of the lifting suspension 32 are assembled and fixed to be proper sizes in an operation site of the tea garden in a bolt connection mode, the spacing and the plant height of the variable frame 3 and the tea garden are matched, a prime mover and a wheel set 41 in a driving module 4 are mounted on the assembled variable frame 3, then an operation platform 2 and a control platform 5 are mounted, operation and debugging are carried out, the operation platform 5 is operated by an operator to drive the equipment platform 1 into tea garden to carry out various operations of the tea garden, the operator can observe the growth condition of the plants in the tea garden at a high point by utilizing the equipment platform 1, the upper limit of the workload of the operator and the required processing amount of the tea fruit crops are selected and cut off, and the overall benefit of the tea garden management is improved.
Compared with the existing full-mechanized operation machine tool, the semi-mechanized cooperation operation personnel are adopted to carry out operation management of a tea garden, the problems that the cost is too high due to adoption of full mechanization and the environment of different tea fruit trees and the tea garden is limited are avoided, the variable frames 3 in different modes are assembled in the equipment platform 1, the operation table 2 and the control table 5 are matched, the working efficiency of the tea garden operation personnel is improved, the labor capacity is reduced, and the operation personnel participate in the operation with the full-mechanized operation machine tool and have better adaptability.
As an embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 3, 4 and 6, a drip irrigation pipe 11 and a pipe 12 are installed at the bottom of the operation table 2 in the equipment platform 1, a water pump is further provided on the pipe of the pipe 12, the water pump is fixedly installed on the operation table 2, and the operation table 2 communicates the drip irrigation pipe 11 and the pipe 12 with an irrigation water source in a tea garden through a carried water belt 13; in the tea orchard in hillside or hillside environment, erect irrigation pipe 12 and consume more money, compare in crops such as rice and wheat, the different grade type crop possesses the irrigation cycle of difference in the tea orchard, make the utilization ratio of erecting irrigation pipe 12 lower, through the drip irrigation pipe 11 and the pipeline 12 of workstation 2 bottom fixed mounting intercommunication in equipment platform 1, the workstation 2 is linked together drip irrigation pipe 11 and pipeline 12 with the irrigation water source in the tea orchard through the hosepipe 13 of carrying, and through the water pump of fixed mounting on workstation 2, pump the irrigation water in the tea orchard into drip irrigation pipe 11 and drip irrigation, utilize equipment platform 1 to carry out tea fruit tree management operation in the tea orchard, irrigate the range of tea fruit tree body respectively through drip irrigation pipe 11 and pipeline 12 in each workstation 2.
As an embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 3, 4 and 6, a vertical arm 22 is fixedly installed on the working table 2 of the equipment platform 1, and a fan 21 is fixedly installed on a damping universal joint 221 at the top end of the vertical arm 22; when the tree pruning operation is carried out, an operator operates the fan 21 at the top end of the vertical arm 22, so that the fan 21 blows air towards the tea tree body through the damping universal joint 221 in a posture-adjusting mode, the natural strong wind condition is simulated, the dead branches and leaves on the tea tree body are blown down, the branches and leaves of the tea tree body are cleaned, poor-growth branches in the tea tree body are removed, and the cultivated tea tree branches are kept in a healthy growth state.
As an embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 3, 4 and 6, a plurality of water tanks 14 are disposed in the equipment platform 1; in a tea orchard of a hillside or a sloping field, an irrigation water source in the tea orchard is mostly positioned at the bottom of the hillside or the sloping field, irrigation water is required to be conveyed to tea fruit crops in the hillside or the sloping field during irrigation operation, the irrigation water is required to be lifted to the hillside or the sloping field with higher elevation, a water pump with high lift is required to be used, a water tank 14 arranged in the equipment platform 1 is used, the water tank 14 is arranged on the ground in the middle of the hillside or the sloping field according to the height difference of the equipment platform 1 when the equipment platform 1 moves upwards from the bottom of the hillside or the sloping field, a drip irrigation pipe 11, a pipeline 12, a water hose 13 and the water tank 14 are installed and communicated by adopting a quick connector, the pipeline 12 communicated with the irrigation water source of the tea orchard on a first operation platform 2 in the equipment platform 1 is selected, one end of a second water hose 13 is dismounted from the drip irrigation pipe 11, the other end of the second water hose 13 is installed and communicated with the pipeline 12 on the first water hose 13, the other end of the second water hose 13 is installed on the water tank 13 in the process of the equipment platform 1 and the water tank 13 is installed on the water tank 13, and the water pump is installed on the water tank 13 in the water tank 2 and the water pump 2 is in the water tank 13 for being communicated with the water pump 2 in the water pump platform 2; and through placing the water tank 14 in proper order along the subaerial water tank 14 of mountain region or hillside elevation difference, utilize to place in proper order at the water tank 14 on ground, lighten the load of equipment platform 1 when mountain region or hillside removal, carry the irrigation water source in tea orchard to the tea fruit tree body department in mountain region or the hillside through the water tank 14 of placing in proper order and irrigate, and then use the promotion of the water source of the promotion of the water pump realization irrigation of less lift to carry, reduced the water pump cost that equipment platform 1 used in the irrigation operation.
As an embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 3-5, the variable frame 3 further includes a post 33, the post 33 is detachably mounted on an end of the beam 31 in a vertical state, and a bottom of the post 33 is used for mounting a wheel set 41 in the driving module 4; the tea orchard is suitable for being built in the terrain environment such as hillside or sloping field, so that the use of the common mechanized farm tools is influenced, the large-scale mechanical farm tools are adopted, the anti-overturning condition is needed to be paid attention to, the small-scale farm tools are adopted, the lifting effect of large-scale mechanical management is limited, each component in the equipment platform 1 is respectively transported to the hillside or sloping field according to the inclination angle of the tea orchard terrain through the column frame 33 arranged at the end part of the variable frame 3, the two ends of the column frame 31 are respectively fixedly arranged at different height positions of the column frame 33, the height difference among the column frames 33 is utilized to maintain the beam frame 31 to be in a horizontal state, the inclination angle of the adaptable terrain is adjusted through the equipment platform 1, the limitation of the adjusting distance of the liftable suspension 32 is avoided, the operating platform 2 on the equipment platform 1 is positioned at the horizontal position, and the management operation of tea orchard is convenient for operating staff.
As an embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 3-5, the liftable suspension 32 of the variable frame 3 is installed between the bottom of the column frame 33 and the wheel set 41 of the driving module 4, and the middle part of the beam frame 31 of the variable frame 3 is also installed with an inclination sensor, which is in communication connection with the console 5; in the terrain environment with inclination such as mountain land or sloping field, there is local topography change, equipment platform 1 can influence its self stability safety at the rocking of in-process of going, can disturb the operating personnel on operation panel 2 simultaneously, through the inclination sensor of installing in the roof beam frame 31 of variable frame 3, when equipment platform 1 is in the in-process of going in tea orchard, topography slope local change leads to the angle change of equipment platform 1, be detected through the inclination sensor and with inclination data transmission to control panel 5 in, control panel 5 is according to the data of inclination sensor to the lift state of roof beam frame 31 both ends liftable suspension 32 respectively adjusts, in order to reduce the inclination data of equipment platform 1 that inclination sensor detected, compensate the inclination of local topography change lead to equipment platform 1 in the tea orchard, maintain that the operating personnel is in the operating environment of level.
As an embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 3, 4 and 6, the equipment platform 1 is assembled with a plurality of operation platforms 2, the operation platforms 2 form an operation channel which is mutually communicated, the equipment platform 1 is provided with multimedia equipment along the operation channel, and the multimedia equipment is in communication connection with the console 5; after the slope change of local topography in the tea orchard exceeds the angle adjustment scope of liftable suspension 32 to equipment platform 1, when liftable suspension 32 moves to the lift spacing, send audible prompt instruction to multimedia device such as voice player through control panel 5, remind the operating personnel on operation panel 2 to pay attention to, equipment platform 1 will incline, prevent that operating personnel in operating condition from receiving the influence of tilting operation panel 2, and equipment platform 1 is greater than its height through the width of the changeable frame 3 of adjustment equipment, and make drive module 4 install in the bottom of column frame 33, can reduce the focus of equipment platform 1 and reduce the possibility that the state of overturning takes place.
As an embodiment of the invention, as shown in fig. 3-5, the wheel set 41 of the drive module 4 further comprises.
The driving wheel 42, the driving wheel 42 is installed at the end of the variable frame 3 in the travelling direction, and the driving wheel 42 is in transmission connection with the prime mover in the driving module 4.
The bogie wheels 43, a plurality of bogie wheels 43 are rotatably installed between the driving wheels 42 at the bottom of the variable frame 3, and the bogie wheels 43 are used for increasing the contact area between the equipment platform 1 and the ground.
The pressing plate 44, the pressing plate 44 is fixedly installed on the outer side of the running direction of the driving wheel 42, and the pressing plate 44 is tilted upwards away from the outer side of the driving wheel 42.
When the equipment platform 1 moves on the ground of a tea garden, due to the weight of the equipment platform 1 and different bearing conditions of the ground in the tea garden, the range beyond the range that the variable frame 3 can adjust equipment to trend level still exists, the pressure of the equipment platform 1 on the ground of the tea garden is reduced through the loading wheels 43 arranged in the wheel sets 41, the condition that the operation platform 2 is inclined due to the weight of the equipment platform 1 is reduced, the pressing plate 44 arranged on the outer side of the travelling direction of the driving wheel 42 is installed, when the equipment platform 1 moves, the local protrusions in the ground of the tea garden are compacted downwards, and then the influence on the stability of the equipment platform 1 caused by the wheel sets 41 of the driving module 4 when passing is reduced.
As an embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 3-5, the pressing plate 44 has a downward protruding arc shape, and the arc bottom of the pressing plate 44 is parallel to the bottom surface of the wheel set 41; the equipment platform 1 is on the soil surface of a tea garden, the gravity of the equipment platform 1 is in the center part of the equipment platform 1 due to the fact that the weight of the equipment platform 1 can sag to a certain extent, so that the advancing end of the wheel set 41 is higher than the gravity center part of the equipment platform 1 during movement, the equipment platform 1 is in an inclined state, the operation table 2 is not convenient to keep in a state of tending to a horizontal plane, and the comfort of the operation station position of an operator is affected; by arranging the arc-shaped downward protrusions in the pressing plate 44 and enabling the bottom of the pressing plate 44 to be parallel to the bottom surface position of the wheel set 41, the equipment platform 1 is utilized to sink on the soil ground of the tea garden, and the pressing plate 44 is used for compacting the soil ground when contacting the soil ground in the tea garden, so that when the end part of the wheel set 41 advances, the height drop of the sinking generated between the contacted ground and the gravity center of the equipment platform 1 is reduced, the inclination of the equipment platform 1 in the advancing direction is reduced, the state that the operation platform 2 tends to the horizontal plane is maintained, and the operation personnel is maintained in a comfortable operation posture state.
The invention relates to a multifunctional management method for a tea garden, which is suitable for the multifunctional management system for the tea garden, and the management method comprises the following steps.
I. When soil tillage operation is carried out in a tea orchard, in the process of barren of the tea orchard, as no tea fruit crops are blocked on the soil surface, the variable frame 3 is assembled into a state with the maximum width and is used for pulling a large-width tillage farm tool, the variable frame 3 assembled into the maximum width is utilized to improve the working efficiency in tillage, the equipment platform 1 spans the upper part of the tea fruit tree body through adjusting the height of the variable frame 3 in the subsequent tillage operation, and the tillage farm tools are installed at intervals according to the spacing of the tea fruit tree body to carry out the operation, and the equipment platform 1 is utilized to carry out the tillage operation on the soil among the tea fruit tree bodies by pulling a plurality of tillage farm tools through single movement, so that the tillage efficiency is improved.
II. When the tree pruning operation is carried out in a tea orchard, the assembled equipment platform 1 spans the rows and columns of the tea fruit tree body land, the operation platform 2 is adjusted to be arranged at the position on the equipment platform 1, the operation personnel is positioned at the comfortable position of standing, sitting or prone position, pruning tools are adopted to prune, flower thinning, bagging and pollination are carried out on the tea fruit tree, uncomfortable operation states such as bending, kneeling and the like are avoided in the tree pruning operation, the operation personnel are arranged one by one according to the planting rows and columns of the tea fruit tree body under the condition that the operation personnel are sufficient, the number of reciprocating movement of the equipment platform 1 in the plant rows and columns of the tea fruit garden is reduced, channels capable of being in walking communication are assembled between the operation platform 2 arranged on the equipment platform 1 under the condition that the operation personnel are insufficient, the operation personnel can directly span the tea fruit tree body under the condition that the operation personnel are less, such as when closely planted crops such as tea trees are planted, management operation is convenient, the operation is prevented from being carried out according to the condition that the tea fruit tree body is moved row by row, extra time and physical power are consumed for moving and carrying tools.
III, when pest control operation is performed in a tea orchard, pest control projects are selected according to the types of planted crops in the tea orchard, the operation table 2 in the equipment platform 1 is installed on different operation surface heights, targeted pest control operation is performed on the positions of soil, trunk, branches and leaves, tree crowns and the like of tea fruits, convenience of pest control pesticide application of operators on crops such as large-scale fruit trees is improved, and close-range detailed observation of different positions of the tea fruits is facilitated by utilizing the operation table 2 installed at different positions in the equipment platform 1, so that pest control is performed on different positions of the tea fruits in time according to the growth condition of the tea fruits.
IV, when carrying out irrigation operation in the tea orchard, carry hosepipe 13 or water tank 14 through equipment platform 1, with hosepipe 13 one end and the irrigation water source intercommunication in the tea orchard, and remove the hosepipe 13 of laying in the tea orchard through equipment platform 1, can also install the other end or the water tank 14 of hosepipe 13 on the different positions in equipment platform 1, realize carrying out irrigation operation to the different positions of tea fruit tree body, if install drip irrigation pipe 11 in the bottom of equipment platform 1, or install pipeline 12 at the top of equipment platform 1, carry out the sprinkling irrigation to the top of tea fruit tree body through the water pump that installs in the equipment platform 1 with the irrigation water in the water tank 14 through hosepipe 13, the rainfall condition under the simulation natural condition, be convenient for select suitable mode irrigation tea fruit tree.
V, when tea fruit harvesting operation is carried out in a tea orchard, according to the distribution condition of different tea fruit tree fruits, the operation table 2 is installed to a proper position in the equipment platform 1, so that an operator can be in a comfortable operation position for picking and harvesting, the tea fruit harvesting efficiency of the operator is improved, and the physical consumption is reduced.
The specific workflow is as follows.
Before the equipment platform 1 is used, according to the spacing and the height of plants in a tea garden needing to be managed, the extension state of a telescopic rod 311 in a beam frame 31 is changed, the lifting height of a lifting suspension 32 is adjusted, the beam frame 31 in a variable frame 3 and a beam arm 321 of the lifting suspension 32 are assembled and fixed to be proper sizes on an operation site of the tea garden, the spacing and the plant height of the plants in the variable frame 3 and the tea garden are matched, then a prime mover and a wheel set 41 in a driving module 4 are mounted on the assembled variable frame 3, then an operation table 2 and a control table 5 are mounted, operation and debugging are carried out, the operation table 5 is operated by an operator to drive the equipment platform 1 into the tea garden to carry out various operations of tea, and the operator can observe the growth condition of the plants in the tea garden at a high point by utilizing the equipment platform 1; an operator operates the fan 21 at the top end of the vertical arm 22 to enable the fan 21 to blow towards the tea fruit tree body through the damping universal joint 221 in a posture-adjusting mode, the natural strong wind condition is simulated, residual branches and dead leaves on the tea fruit tree body are blown down, the branches and the leaves of the tea fruit tree body are cleaned, and branches with poor growth in the tea fruit tree body are removed; a water tank 14 placed in the equipment platform 1, wherein the water tank 14 is placed on the ground in the middle of the mountain or the sloping field according to the height difference of the equipment platform 1 in the process that the equipment platform 1 moves upwards from the bottom of the mountain or the sloping field, a drip irrigation pipe 11, a pipeline 12, a water band 13 and the water tank 14 are communicated by adopting quick connectors, a first water band 13 on a first operation table 2 in the equipment platform 1 is selected to be communicated with an irrigation water source of a tea garden, the pipeline 12 communicated with the first water band 13 is detached from the drip irrigation pipe 11, then one end of a second water band 13 on a second operation table 2 is detached and installed on the pipeline 12 communicated with the first water band 13, the other end of the second water band 13 is installed and communicated to the water tank 14, a water pump on the first operation table 2 is started, the water tanks 13 are matched with the reinstallation and the communication, and the irrigation water sources in the tea orchard are pumped into the water tanks 14, wherein the first operation table 2, the second operation table 2, the first water tank 13 and the second water tank 13 are used for distinguishing the operation processes respectively carried out on the operation tables 2 and the water tanks 13 in the equipment platform 1, the water tanks 14 are sequentially placed on the ground along the mountain land or the slope land, the load of the equipment platform 1 when moving on the mountain land or the slope land is relieved by utilizing the water tanks 14 sequentially placed on the ground, the irrigation water sources in the tea orchard are carried out in a step-type manner by the sequentially placed water tanks 14 and are carried to the tea fruit tree bodies in the mountain land or the slope land for irrigation, and then the water pumps with smaller lift are used for carrying out the lifting and the transportation of the irrigation water sources; the column frame 33 installed at the end of the beam frame 31 of the variable frame 3, each component in the equipment platform 1 is transported to the mountain or the sloping field according to the inclination angle of the terrain of the tea garden, the two ends of the beam frame 31 are fixedly installed at different height positions of the column frame 33, the beam frame 31 is kept in a horizontal state by utilizing the height difference between the column frames 33, the equipment platform 1 is assembled to adjust to the inclination angle of the terrain, the limitation of the adjustment distance of the liftable suspension 32 is avoided, and the workbench 2 on the equipment platform 1 is in the horizontal position.
The foregoing has shown and described the basic principles, principal features and advantages of the invention. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, and that the above embodiments and descriptions are merely illustrative of the principles of the present invention, and various changes and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, which is defined in the appended claims. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and equivalents thereof.
Claims (2)
1. A tea orchard multi-functional management system, comprising:
soil tillage operation, wherein soil tillage operation is performed by pulling farm tools through the equipment platform (1);
pruning the tea fruit tree body in the cultivation process in the tea orchard through the equipment platform (1);
pest control operation, wherein the pest control operation performs plant protection pesticide application and physical insect prevention operation on tea fruits through the equipment platform (1);
irrigation, wherein irrigation water is conveyed into a tea garden through the equipment platform (1);
tea fruit harvesting operation, wherein the tea fruit harvesting operation is performed with mechanical or semi-mechanized harvesting through the equipment platform (1);
wherein the equipment platform (1) comprises:
the variable vehicle frame (3), the variable vehicle frame (3) comprises a liftable suspension (32) and a detachable assembled beam frame (31), a telescopic rod (311) is fixedly arranged in the beam frame (31), the end part of the beam frame (31) is assembled and fixed with a beam arm (321) of the liftable suspension (32), and the liftable suspension (32) realizes the adjustment of the length, width and height of the variable vehicle frame (3) by adjusting the distance in the telescopic direction;
the driving module (4), the driving module (4) is fixedly installed at the bottom of the variable frame (3), and the driving module (4) comprises a prime motor and a wheel set (41) driven by the prime motor;
the working table (2) is fixedly arranged in the variable frame (3), and the working table (2) is used for placing or mounting tea fruit working tools and is used as an operation space of operators;
the control console (5), the control console (5) is fixedly installed in the operation console (2), and the control console (5) is used for controlling the operation of the equipment platform (1);
a drip irrigation pipe (11) and a pipeline (12) are arranged at the bottom of an operation table (2) in the equipment platform (1), a communicated water pump is further arranged on a pipeline of the pipeline (12), the water pump is fixedly arranged on the operation table (2), and the operation table (2) is used for communicating the drip irrigation pipe (11) and the pipeline (12) with an irrigation water source in a tea garden through a carried water belt (13);
a vertical arm (22) is fixedly arranged on the operating platform (2) of the equipment platform (1), and a fan (21) is fixedly arranged on a damping universal joint (221) at the top end of the vertical arm (22);
a plurality of water tanks (14) are arranged in the equipment platform (1);
the variable frame (3) further comprises a column frame (33), the column frame (33) is detachably arranged at the end part of the beam frame (31) in a vertical state, and the bottom of the column frame (33) is used for installing a wheel set (41) in the driving module (4);
the liftable suspension (32) of the variable frame (3) is arranged between the bottom of the column frame (33) and the wheel set (41) of the driving module (4), and the middle part of the beam frame (31) of the variable frame (3) is also provided with an inclination sensor which is in communication connection with the console (5);
a plurality of operation tables (2) are assembled in the equipment platform (1), mutually communicated operation channels are formed among the operation tables (2), multimedia equipment is installed on the equipment platform (1) along the operation channels, and the multimedia equipment is in communication connection with the control table (5);
the wheel set (41) of the drive module (4) further comprises:
the driving wheel (42) is arranged at the end part of the variable frame (3) in the advancing direction, and the driving wheel (42) is in transmission connection with a prime motor in the driving module (4);
the loading wheels (43) are rotatably arranged between the driving wheels (42) at the bottom of the variable frame (3), and the loading wheels (43) are used for increasing the contact area between the equipment platform (1) and the ground;
the pressing plate (44), the pressing plate (44) is fixedly arranged on the outer side of the running direction of the driving wheel (42), and the pressing plate (44) is lifted upwards away from the outer side of the driving wheel (42);
the pressing plate (44) is in a downward protruding arc shape, and the arc bottom of the pressing plate (44) is leveled with the bottom surface of the wheel set (41).
2. A tea garden multifunctional management method, which is characterized in that the management method is suitable for the tea garden multifunctional management system in claim 1, and comprises the following steps:
I. when soil tillage operation is carried out in a tea garden, in the process of barren of the tea garden, the variable frame (3) is assembled into a state with the maximum width and is used for pulling tillage farm tools, and when the subsequent tillage operation is carried out, the equipment platform (1) spans over the tea fruit tree body by adjusting the height of the variable frame (3) and is installed with tillage farm tools at intervals according to the interval of the tea fruit tree body for operation;
II. When the tree pruning operation is carried out in a tea orchard, the assembled equipment platform (1) spans the rows and columns of the tea fruit tree body land, the operation platform (2) is adjusted to be arranged on the equipment platform (1) to enable an operator to be in a standing position, a sitting position or a prone position, pruning, flower thinning, bagging and pollination are carried out on the tea fruit tree by adopting a pruning tool, the operators are arranged one by one according to the planting rows and columns of the tea fruit tree body under the condition that the operators are sufficient, the number of times of reciprocating movement of the equipment platform (1) in the plant rows and columns of the tea fruit garden is reduced, and a channel capable of being movably communicated is assembled between the operation platforms (2) arranged on the equipment platform (1) under the condition that the operators are insufficient, so that the operators can directly span the rows and columns of the tea fruit tree body, and management operation is convenient;
III, when pest control operation is carried out in a tea garden, selecting pest control projects according to the types of planted crops in the tea garden, and installing the operation tables (2) in the equipment platform (1) on different operation surface heights so as to timely control the pests according to the growth conditions of the tea fruits;
IV, when irrigation operation is carried out in a tea garden, a water belt (13) or a water tank (14) is carried by the equipment platform (1), one end of the water belt (13) is communicated with an irrigation water source in the tea garden, the water belt (13) is movably arranged in the tea garden by the equipment platform (1), the other end of the water belt (13) is connected in the equipment platform (1), irrigation operation is carried out on different parts of a tea tree body, irrigation water in the water tank (14) is irrigated to the top of the tea tree body through the water belt (13) by a water pump arranged in the equipment platform (1), rainfall conditions under natural conditions are simulated, and a proper mode is convenient to select to irrigate the tea tree;
v, when tea fruit harvesting operation is carried out in a tea orchard, according to the distribution condition of different tea fruit tree bodies and fruits, the operation table (2) is installed at a proper position in the equipment platform (1), so that operators can be in comfortable operation positions for picking and harvesting.
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