CN114651608A

CN114651608A - Long peanut seedling collecting device and method

Info

Publication number: CN114651608A
Application number: CN202210196919.7A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 何勋; 兰明明; 屈哲; 胡柏臣; 王万章; 张红梅
Original assignee: Henan Agricultural University
Current assignee: Henan Agricultural University
Priority date: 2021-12-10
Filing date: 2022-03-02
Publication date: 2022-06-24
Anticipated expiration: 2042-03-02
Also published as: CN114651608B

Abstract

The invention discloses a long peanut seedling collecting device and a collecting method, wherein the collecting device comprises a picking platform, an operation control mechanism, a peanut threshing device, a transmission device, a chain type conveying device, a grass box and a hydraulic control mechanism of a grass box rear door, the picking platform transmits power to a cutting platform auger in the picking platform and an inclined conveyor arranged behind the cutting platform auger through a chain transmission by an engine through the operation control mechanism, an arc-shaped grass guide plate is installed at an upper end outlet of a peanut threshing roller, the long peanut seedlings which are picked up, threshed, cleaned and separated are guided to the chain type conveying device, the long peanut seedlings are conveyed through a rake rod on the chain type conveying device, the collection of the long peanut seedlings is realized, a feeding wheel above an inlet at the front wall of the grass box is matched with the chain type conveying device, and the long peanut seedlings are forcibly fed into the grass box smoothly to prevent blocking the inlet of the grass box; after the grass box is full, the hydraulic control mechanism opens the rear door of the grass box, and the chain type conveying device discharges the long peanut seedlings out of the grass box, so that the power consumption and the operation dust are effectively reduced.

Description

Long peanut seedling collecting device and method

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural machinery, and particularly relates to a long peanut seedling collecting device and method in peanut harvesting.

Background

Peanuts are important economic crops in China. Peanut, also known as groundnut, is an annual herb of the family leguminosae. The peanut kernel is rich in oil and protein and is an important edible oil raw material. The whole process of peanut harvesting in China has a low mechanization level, mainly small-sized mechanical segmented harvesting is adopted, the labor amount for manually harvesting peanuts is about more than 1/3 of the labor amount in the whole production process, and the operation cost is more than 50% of the whole production cost. The peanut seedlings are the main raw material source for animal breeding, the nutrient substances in the peanut seedlings are rich, and after the peanut seedlings are processed and matched with concentrated feed, the palatability, the digestibility and the nutritive value can be increased. Harvesting is a key link of whole-process mechanized production of peanuts, and the picking harvester has high energy consumption during harvesting operation and generates raised dust, which is a prominent problem facing the mechanized production of peanuts. After the peanut picking harvester removes the peanut from the peanut removing device, the peanut vine is cut up by the grass crushing device, under the action of the high-energy-consumption negative pressure fan, the impurity and dust which are separated through the airflow channel and enter the grass box, and the smaller particles are discharged out of the machine; the process not only generates dust, but also collects chopped short peanut seedlings, and secondary processing and crushing are needed when the peanut seedlings are fed and utilized; the utilization rate of the peanut seedlings is reduced, and the energy consumption of equipment in the whole production process is increased.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a long peanut seedling collecting device and a collecting method aiming at the defects of the prior art, designs a long peanut seedling collecting and conveying device on the basis of the prior art, and provides a specific collecting method; the peanut seedling comprehensive utilization device can reduce operation dust, reduce equipment energy consumption and improve comprehensive utilization efficiency of peanut seedlings, and can be popularized and applied to main peanut producing areas, so that the whole-process mechanized production level of peanuts is promoted.

In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:

the long peanut seedling collecting device comprises a cab, an engine, a chassis, a traveling mechanism, a picking platform, an inclined conveyor, an operation control mechanism, a peanut peeling device, a cleaning device, a transmission device, a peanut collecting device, a chain type conveying device, a grass box and a hydraulic control mechanism at the rear door of the grass box, wherein the picking platform transmits power to a cutting platform auger in the picking platform and the inclined conveyor arranged behind the cutting platform auger through the engine through the operation control mechanism through chain transmission; a spiral feeding head is arranged at an inlet at the lower end of the separation cylinder and is connected with an outlet of a conveying channel of the inclined conveyor;

an arc-shaped grass guiding plate is further mounted at an outlet at the upper end of the sorting barrel, a chain type conveying device is correspondingly arranged at an outlet at the tail end of the grass guiding plate, and the chain type conveying device is mounted on the vehicle body and leads to an inlet at the bottom of the front wall of the grass box until reaching a rear door of the grass box;

a forced feeding wheel is arranged on an inlet at the bottom of the front wall of the straw box, and long peanut seedlings are conveyed into the straw box through a matched chain type conveying device;

the rear door of the grass box is provided with a hydraulic system, the opening and closing of the grass box are controlled by the hydraulic system, and the long peanut seedlings are discharged out of the grass box under the action of the chain type conveying device.

The forced feeding wheel is fixedly arranged on the vehicle body through a fixing frame, the forced feeding wheel is arranged above the chain type conveying device, and the rotating direction of the driving wheel of the chain type conveying device is opposite to that of the forced feeding wheel.

Hydraulic cylinders controlled by a hydraulic system are arranged on two sides of the grass box, the tail end of the bottom of a cylinder barrel of the hydraulic cylinder is hinged on the side wall of the grass box, and the front end of the cylinder barrel is fixedly connected with a rear door of the grass box; the opening of the rear door of the grass box is controlled by a hydraulic cylinder on the side wall of the grass box.

The chain type conveying device comprises conveying chains which are symmetrically arranged and rake rods which are fixedly arranged on the conveying chains at intervals along the transverse direction, and a plurality of arc-shaped notches which are arranged along the conveying direction are arranged on the rake rods.

The upper outlet of the separation cylinder of the fruit removing device is also provided with a grass discharging port which is connected with the upper end of a grass guide plate, and the lower end of the grass guide plate extends to the inlet at the bottom of the grass box where the chain type conveying device and the forced feeding wheel are located.

The straw box is of an irregular box body structure, is fixed on the frame and protrudes from the upper end part to the lower end part.

The collecting method of the long peanut seedling collecting device comprises the following steps:

(1) digging field peanuts by using a peanut digging machine, placing the field peanuts in the air, and picking, threshing, cleaning, collecting the peanuts and collecting the long peanut seedlings by using a collecting operation device after the moisture content of the peanut seedlings reaches the requirement;

(2) the picking platform transmits power to a header auger in the picking platform and an inclined conveyor arranged behind the header auger through a chain transmission mechanism, picks up peanut seedlings and fruits in the field and then enters a peanut threshing roller;

(3) the peanut threshing roller is used for treating peanut seedlings, separating the peanuts from the peanut seedlings, picking up, threshing, cleaning and separating the long peanut seedlings, guiding the long peanut seedlings to the chain type conveying device through the arc-shaped grass guide plate, conveying the long peanut seedlings through a rake rod on the chain type conveying device, and enabling the long peanut seedlings to enter the grass box through an inlet at the bottom of the front wall of the grass box to be collected;

(4) the long peanut seedlings are forcibly fed through a feeding wheel arranged at an inlet at the bottom of the front wall of the grass box, after the grass box is fully collected, a hydraulic cylinder controlled by a hydraulic system opens a rear door of the grass box, and the long peanut seedlings are discharged from the grass box through a chain type conveying device arranged at the bottom of the grass box.

The beneficial effects of the invention are:

(1) the invention discloses a long peanut seedling collecting device and a collecting method, wherein the collecting device comprises a chassis, a walking mechanism, a picking platform, an operation control mechanism, a peanut threshing device, a cleaning device, a transmission device, a peanut collecting device, a chain type conveying device, a grass box and a hydraulic control mechanism at the back door of the grass box; digging field peanuts by using a peanut digging machine, placing the field peanuts in the air, and picking, threshing, cleaning, collecting the peanuts and collecting the long peanut seedlings by using a collecting operation device after the moisture content of the peanut seedlings reaches the requirement; the picking platform transmits power to a header auger in the picking platform and an inclined conveyor arranged behind the header auger through a chain transmission mechanism, an arc-shaped grass guide plate is installed at an outlet at the upper end of the peanut threshing device, long peanut seedlings subjected to picking, threshing, cleaning and separating are guided to the chain type conveying device, a rake rod on the chain type conveying device conveys the long peanut seedlings, the long peanut seedlings enter a straw box through an inlet at the bottom of the front wall of the straw box to realize the collection of the long peanut seedlings, and a feeding wheel is installed above the inlet at the front wall of the straw box to play a role of forced feeding, so that the long peanut seedlings are prevented from blocking the inlet; collecting the long peanut seedlings entering the grass box and continuously accumulating, controlling hydraulic cylinders on two side walls of the grass box to open a rear door of the grass box through a hydraulic control mechanism after the grass box is fully collected, continuously operating the control device to enable the chain type conveying device to work, and discharging the long peanut seedlings from the grass box; effectively reduces the dust of the harvesting operation, reduces the energy consumption of equipment, improves the collection and utilization efficiency of the peanut seedlings, and has important significance for promoting the development of low-carbon agricultural economy.

(2) The long peanut seedling collecting device and the collecting method thereof can realize the collection of the long peanut seedlings, are suitable for picking and harvesting peanuts with high water content, namely wet harvesting, and reduce the influence of continuous rainy disasters; effectively reduces the dust emission, reduces the operation energy consumption, improves the comprehensive utilization efficiency of the peanut seedlings, and is suitable for most areas for peanut planting.

(3) The rake rod of the chain type conveying device adopts a square rod with an arc-shaped notch, so that the conveying efficiency can be improved, dust can be effectively filtered, and meanwhile, the damage to the long peanut seedlings is reduced.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a perspective view of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a front view of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a partial view of the present invention;

fig. 4 is a schematic view of the structure of the pickup station;

FIG. 5 is a perspective view of the threshing cylinder;

FIG. 6 is an interior view of the threshing cylinder;

FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of the fruit conveying process;

FIG. 8 is a schematic view of the structure of the chain conveyor;

fig. 9 is a schematic view of the structure of the rake lever;

FIG. 10 is a schematic view of the feed wheel configuration;

fig. 11 is a schematic view of the structure of the grass box.

Detailed Description

The following description of the embodiments of the present invention is provided for illustrative purposes, and other advantages and effects of the present invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art from the present disclosure.

The invention provides a long peanut seedling collecting device and a collecting method, as shown in figures 1 to 11.

A long peanut seedling collecting device comprises a chassis, a traveling mechanism, a picking platform 1, an operation control mechanism, a peanut threshing device 12, a cleaning device, a transmission device, a peanut collecting device, a chain type conveying device, a straw box 11 and a straw box back door hydraulic control mechanism. The picking table 1 transmits power to a header auger 18 in the picking table 1 and an inclined conveyor 2 arranged behind the header auger through a chain transmission control mechanism, the threshing device 12 is arranged behind the inclined conveyor 2, a threshing roller 12 of the threshing device comprises a sorting cylinder 121 and an inner rotary cylinder 122, the sorting cylinder 121 is obliquely arranged on a vehicle body, and the inner rotary cylinder 122 is rotatably arranged in the sorting cylinder 121; the inlet at the lower end of the sorting cylinder 121 is provided with a screw feeding head 21 and is connected with the outlet of the conveying channel of the inclined conveyor 2.

The curved grass guiding plate 5 is installed in the upper end exit of a sorting barrel 121, and the terminal exit of the grass guiding plate 5 is correspondingly provided with a chain type conveying device 7, and the chain type conveying device 7 is installed on the vehicle body and leads to the bottom inlet 113 of the front wall of the grass box 11 until the bottom of the rear door 9 of the grass box, in the embodiment, the starting end rotating shaft of the chain type conveying device 7 is installed on the vehicle frame through a fixing frame and is arranged at the corresponding position of the terminal exit of the grass guiding plate 5, and the terminal rotating shaft is located inside the grass box 11 and is installed on the fixing frame of the positions of the two side walls of the grass box 11.

A forced feeding wheel 8 is further arranged at an inlet 113 at the bottom of the front wall of the grass box 11 and matched with the chain type conveying device to convey the long peanut seedlings into the grass box, the forced feeding wheel 8 is fixedly arranged on the frame through a fixing frame and is arranged above the chain type conveying device 7, and the rotating direction of a driving wheel of the chain type conveying device 7 is opposite to that of the forced feeding wheel 8. In the conveying process of the chain type conveying device 7, the feeding wheel 8 is forced to rotate, so that the inlet of the grass box 11 is prevented from being blocked, and the long peanut seedlings can be conveniently accumulated in the grass box 11. For better guiding and dust prevention, the outlet at the upper end of the sorting barrel 121 of the fruit removing device 12 is further provided with a grass discharging port 123, the grass discharging port 123 is connected with the upper end of the grass guiding plate 5, and the lower end of the grass guiding plate 5 extends to the inlet at the bottom of the grass box 11 where the chain type conveying device 7 and the forced feeding wheel 8 are located.

The rear wall of the grass box 11 is also provided with a rear door 9 with a lower end face capable of being opened, the rear door of the grass box is provided with a hydraulic cylinder 10, the opening and closing of the hydraulic cylinder are controlled by a hydraulic system, and the long peanut seedlings are discharged out of the grass box under the action of a chain type conveying device; the tail end of the hydraulic cylinder 10 is hinged on the side wall of the grass box 11, and the front end of the hydraulic cylinder is fixedly connected with the rear door 9 of the grass box. In order to realize the large-capacity accommodation of the long peanut seedlings, the grass box 11 is of an irregular box structure, the upper end part of the grass box 11 protrudes out of the lower end part of the grass box, the accommodation space of the upper end part of the grass box 11 is larger than that of the lower end part of the grass box, and the grass box 11 is fixed on the frame.

Chain conveyor 7 includes sprocket, conveyor chain and even interval distribution and fixes a plurality of rake arm on the chain, and the conveyor chain symmetry is laid, and rake arm 25 sets firmly on conveyor chain along horizontal interval, and in this embodiment, rake arm 25 establishes to square pole and welding on conveyor chain, and is equipped with a plurality of arc notches 251 of laying along direction of delivery on the rake arm 25, improves transport efficiency, can filter dust, reduces the damage to long peanut seedling simultaneously.

The wall of the lower part of a separation barrel of a fruit peeling roller 12 of the fruit peeling device is provided with a plurality of hollow holes, the barrel wall of an inner rotary barrel is provided with a concave plate 22, a cleaning sieve 4 and a cleaning fan 6 for screening fruits are arranged below the separation barrel, and the fruits are conveyed to a fruit collecting box 13 through a fruit conveying device 15. Preferably, the upper outlet of the separation cylinder of the fruit removing device is also provided with a grass discharging port, the grass discharging port is connected with the upper end of the grass guide plate, and the lower end of the grass guide plate extends to the inlet at the bottom of the grass box where the chain type conveying device and the forced feeding wheel are located.

The peanut threshing roller works to separate peanuts from peanut seedlings, the peanuts fall into the bottom cleaning sieve 4 through the hollow hole gaps, the control mechanism is connected through belt transmission to convey power to the bottom cleaning fan 6, the peanuts are conveyed into the fruit conveying device under the wind power action of the cleaning fan, and the control mechanism transmits the power to the fruit conveying auger 3 and the fruit conveying fan 14 through belt transmission to enable the whole fruit conveying device to work. The fruit conveying auger 3 and the fruit conveying fan 14 transmit power to the chain type conveying device 7 and the feeding wheel 8 behind through belt transmission, the long peanut seedlings are collected and conveyed, and the long peanut seedlings are conveyed to the grass box 11.

The specific working process is as follows:

the peanut and peanut vine are picked up from the ground through the picking platform 1, the concrete process is that the elastic ruler 17 and the arc plate 16 in the picking platform 1 pick up peanut crops from the ground, at the moment, the peanut crops are in a state that the peanut is not in a seedling-shedding state, then the crops are conveyed to a middle conveying opening through the header auger 18, under the rotation action of the telescopic ruler 19, the crops are conveyed to the inclined conveyor 2, under the action of the internal chain harrow 20, the crops are compressed and conveyed to the peanut shedding device 12, firstly, under the rotation action of the spiral feeding head 21, the crops are conveyed between the peanut shedding device 12 and the concave plate 22, under the striking action of the internal drum nailing ruler 23, the peanut is matched with the concave plate 22, the peanut is separated from the peanut vine, the peanut falls into the bottom cleaning sieve 4 from the hollow hole gap of the concave plate 22, and is cleaned under the wind power of the bottom fan 6 and conveyed into the fruit conveying device 15, the specific working principle of the fruit conveying device is that the peanut is under the action of the fruit conveying auger 3, conveyed to the inlet at the bottom of the fruit conveying channel 24, and blown into the fruit collecting box 13 through the fruit conveying channel 24 under the action of the wind power of the fruit conveying fan 14 to realize the collection of the peanuts. The long peanut seedlings separated from the peanuts fall from the tail part of the peanut threshing device 12 and fall onto the chain type conveying device 7 along the straw guide plate 5, the rake rod 25 on the chain type conveying device conveys the long peanut seedlings to enter the straw box 11, collection of the long peanut seedlings is achieved, the feeding wheel 8 is installed at an inlet at the bottom of the front wall of the straw box to feed the peanut seedlings forcibly, and the effect of preventing the long peanut seedlings from blocking the inlet is achieved. After the grass box 11 collects the full-length peanut seedlings, the rear door 9 of the grass box is opened under the pushing action of the hydraulic cylinder 10, and the grass discharging process of the long peanut seedlings is realized along with the continuous work of the chain type conveying device 7.

The foregoing shows and describes the general principles, essential features, and advantages of the invention. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, which are given by way of illustration of the principles of the present invention, and that various changes and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and equivalents.

In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "front", "rear", "left", "right", "center", etc., indicate orientations or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, and are used only for convenience in describing the present invention and for simplicity in description, but do not indicate or imply that the device or element being referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus, are not to be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A long peanut seedling collection device which is characterized in that: the fruit picking device is arranged behind the inclined conveyor, a fruit peeling roller of the fruit peeling device is a double-layer roller and comprises a sorting barrel and an inner rotating barrel, the sorting barrel is obliquely arranged on a vehicle body, and the inner rotating barrel is rotatably arranged in the sorting barrel; a spiral feeding head is arranged at an inlet at the lower end of the separation cylinder and is connected with an outlet of a conveying channel of the inclined conveyor;

2. The long peanut seedling collecting device as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the forced feeding wheel is fixedly arranged on the vehicle body through a fixing frame, the forced feeding wheel is arranged above the chain type conveying device, and the rotating direction of the driving wheel of the chain type conveying device is opposite to that of the forced feeding wheel.

3. The long peanut seedling collecting device as claimed in claim 1, wherein: hydraulic cylinders controlled by a hydraulic system are arranged on two sides of the grass box, the tail end of the bottom of a cylinder barrel of the hydraulic cylinder is hinged to the side wall of the grass box, and the front end of the cylinder barrel is fixedly connected with a rear door of the grass box; the opening of the rear door of the grass box is controlled by a hydraulic cylinder on the side wall of the grass box.

4. A long peanut vine collecting device according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein: the chain type conveying device comprises conveying chains which are symmetrically arranged and rake rods which are fixedly arranged on the conveying chains at intervals along the transverse direction, and a plurality of arc-shaped notches which are arranged along the conveying direction are arranged on the rake rods.

5. The long peanut seedling collecting device as claimed in claim 4, wherein: the upper outlet of the separation cylinder of the fruit removing device is also provided with a grass discharging port which is connected with the upper end of a grass guide plate, and the lower end of the grass guide plate extends to the inlet at the bottom of the grass box where the chain type conveying device and the forced feeding wheel are located.

6. The long peanut seedling collecting device as claimed in claim 4, wherein: the straw box is of an irregular box body structure, is fixed on the frame and protrudes from the upper end part to the lower end part.

7. The collecting method of the long peanut seedling collecting device as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 6, comprising the steps of: