CN114628891A - Multilayer heterogeneous medium integrated antenna with embedded feed line polarization plane - Google Patents
Multilayer heterogeneous medium integrated antenna with embedded feed line polarization plane Download PDFInfo
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- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims description 8
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
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- H01Q1/50—Structural association of antennas with earthing switches, lead-in devices or lightning protectors
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Abstract
The invention discloses a multilayer heterogeneous medium integrated antenna with an embedded feed line polarization plane, which is formed by sequentially superposing an upper radiation medium substrate (2), a feed excitation substrate (1) and a lower radiation medium substrate (3) from top to bottom; the metal layers (10) on the upper surface and the lower surface and the two metalized walls (11) form a dielectric filling waveguide (12) in the feed excitation substrate (1); the dielectric-filled waveguide (12) is a feed waveguide of the antenna, one end of which is a feed end (121) of the antenna and the other end of which is an open-circuit output end (122); the shape of the output edge (123) of the wide wall of the dielectric-filled waveguide (12) in the direction of the output end (122) is concave and symmetrical, and the axis of symmetry of the output edge (123) is the center line of the wide wall of the dielectric-filled waveguide (12). The invention realizes the multilayer heterogeneous integration of the radiation medium block, realizes the plane heterogeneous integration of the embedded feed excitation unit and the radiation medium block, and has the function of exciting linear polarization radiation by traveling wave feed.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a polarization plane multilayer heterogeneous medium integrated antenna with an embedded feeder line, and belongs to the technical field of integrated antennas.
Background
The improvement of the integration level is a main development direction of a high-performance wireless application system, the integration of the antenna is a bottleneck of the whole system integration, and the integration of the dielectric antenna is beneficial to enriching and perfecting the types of the integrated antenna so as to meet the diversified requirements of the whole system integration on the integrated antenna. The dielectric antenna is an antenna using a dielectric block as a radiator, and has the characteristics of small electrical size, wide frequency band, low loss, comprehensive and rich beam types and the like, so that the dielectric antenna is widely applied. Dielectric antennas can be broadly classified into two types, dielectric rod antennas and dielectric resonator antennas. The dielectric rod antenna is a traveling wave antenna, and the operation mode of a feed unit of the dielectric rod antenna is required to be traveling wave, so that an end-fire beam or a forward-tilted frequency scanning beam is generated. Linearly polarized dielectric antennas are typically excited by a feedhorn, which is located at the rear end of the dielectric rod. The dielectric rod antenna is the earliest dielectric rod antenna, and the dielectric rod antenna is basically the dielectric rod antenna before the seventies of the last century, so the dielectric rod antenna is usually referred to as the dielectric rod antenna.
A linearly polarized dielectric antenna is one type of antenna where planar integration is more difficult. The difficulty is mainly derived from two aspects, firstly, because the radiator of the linearly polarized dielectric antenna is a single dielectric block, the dielectric block is difficult to realize by using a planar integration process, and because the dielectric constant of the dielectric block is generally higher, the dielectric constant of the medium of the feed excitation unit of the antenna cannot be too high, especially in a millimeter wave frequency band. The dielectric constants of the two are different, so that the dielectric block and the feeding excitation unit of the antenna are difficult to integrate on the same substrate. Secondly, the radiation dielectric block and the feed excitation horn of the existing linearly polarized dielectric rod antenna are in a front-back cascade structure, and the thicknesses of substrates used by the radiation dielectric block and the feed excitation horn are different, so that front-back cascade integration is difficult to perform, and a fully integrated linearly polarized dielectric integrated antenna is formed.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is to overcome the defects of the prior art, and provide a multilayer heterogeneous medium integrated antenna with an embedded feed line polarization plane, wherein the antenna can be manufactured by adopting a multilayer substrate mixed pressing process, and the following technical problems are solved: (1) multilayer heterogeneous integration of the radiating dielectric blocks; (2) the feed excitation unit is heterogeneously integrated with the plane of the radiation medium block, and meanwhile, the feed excitation unit has the function of traveling wave feed excitation linear polarization radiation.
The invention specifically adopts the following technical scheme to solve the technical problems:
the antenna is composed of three layers of substrates, namely a feed excitation substrate, an upper radiation medium substrate and a lower radiation medium substrate, wherein the three layers of substrates, namely the upper radiation medium substrate, the feed excitation substrate and the lower radiation medium substrate, are sequentially overlapped up and down to form a radiation medium block of the antenna; the upper surface and the lower surface of the feed excitation substrate are both provided with a metal layer; two continuous metalized walls are arranged on two sides of each metal layer to connect the metal layers on the upper surface and the lower surface; the metal layers on the upper surface and the lower surface and the two metalized walls form an embedded dielectric-filled waveguide with open circuits at two ends in the feed excitation substrate, the metal layers are wide walls of the dielectric-filled waveguide, and the metalized walls are narrow walls of the dielectric-filled waveguide; the dielectric filled waveguide is a feed waveguide of the antenna, one end of the dielectric filled waveguide is a feed end of the antenna, and the other end of the dielectric filled waveguide is an open-circuit output end; the output edge of the wide wall of the dielectric-filled waveguide in the direction of the output end is concave and symmetrical, the symmetry axis of the output edge is the center line of the wide wall of the dielectric-filled waveguide, the point of the output edge on the symmetry axis of the output edge is an edge concave point, the edge concave point is the point of the output edge closest to the feed end, and four intersection points of the output edge and the narrow wall of the dielectric-filled waveguide are four edge end points; the electromagnetic wave enters the dielectric filled waveguide through the feed end of the antenna and then exits the dielectric filled waveguide through the output end.
Further, as a preferred technical solution of the present invention: the upper radiation medium substrate and the lower radiation medium substrate are identical in shape and size, and the vertical projection positions of the upper radiation medium substrate and the lower radiation medium substrate on the feed excitation substrate are identical and are both located inside the feed excitation substrate.
Further, as a preferred technical solution of the present invention: the central line of the wide wall of the dielectric-filled waveguide is a symmetry axis of vertical projections of the upper radiating dielectric substrate and the lower radiating dielectric substrate on the feed excitation substrate, and the edge concave point is positioned inside the vertical projections of the upper radiating dielectric substrate and the lower radiating dielectric substrate on the feed excitation substrate.
Further, as a preferred technical solution of the present invention: the dielectric constants of the upper radiation dielectric substrate and the lower radiation dielectric substrate are the same.
Further, as a preferred technical solution of the present invention: in the longitudinal end face of the upper radiation medium substrate, the distance from the end face far away from the feed end to a connecting line between two edge end points on the same wide wall is larger than the wavelength of the electromagnetic waves in the radiation medium block.
Further, as a preferred technical solution of the present invention: the transverse dimensions of the upper radiation medium substrate and the lower radiation medium substrate ensure that the main polarization direction of an electromagnetic wave transmission mode is perpendicular to the plane where the feed excitation substrate is located in the radiation medium block, and the cut-off frequency of the transmission mode is lower than the working frequency of the antenna.
Further, as a preferred technical solution of the present invention: the distance from the edge concave point on each metal layer to the connecting line between the two edge end points on the same metal layer is greater than one fourth of the average waveguide wavelength of the electromagnetic wave in the region from the edge concave point to the connecting line between the two edge end points on the same metal layer of the dielectric filled waveguide.
Further, as a preferred technical solution of the present invention: in each output edge, the shape from the edge pit to the edge endpoint is a straight line, a piecewise straight line, a spline curve or an index.
Further, as a preferred technical solution of the present invention: the feed excitation substrate, the upper radiation medium substrate and the lower radiation medium substrate adopt magnetic medium substrates.
Further, as a preferred technical solution of the present invention: the two continuous metalized walls are replaced with an array of metalized vias.
By adopting the technical scheme, the invention can produce the following technical effects:
the multilayer heterogeneous medium integrated antenna with the embedded feed line polarization plane can be manufactured by adopting a multilayer substrate mixed pressing process, not only can multilayer heterogeneous integration of the radiation medium block be realized, but also planar heterogeneous integration of the embedded feed excitation unit and the radiation medium block can be realized, meanwhile, the feed excitation unit has the function of traveling wave feed excitation linear polarization radiation, and the excitation efficiency is high.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a top view of an embedded feed line polarization plane multilayer heterogeneous medium integrated antenna of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a side view of the embedded feed line polarization plane multilayer heterogeneous medium integrated antenna of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a top view of a feed excitation substrate in the embedded feed line polarization plane multilayer heterogeneous medium integrated antenna of the present invention.
Wherein the reference numerals explain: the device comprises a feed excitation substrate-1, an upper radiation dielectric substrate-2, a lower radiation dielectric substrate-3, a metal layer-10, a metalized wall-11, a dielectric-filled waveguide-12, a feed end-121, an output end-122, an output edge-123, an edge pit-124, an edge endpoint-125 and an end face-21.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made with reference to the accompanying drawings. The specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and do not limit the invention to the specific embodiments.
As shown in fig. 1 and fig. 2, the present invention relates to a multilayer heterogeneous medium integrated antenna with embedded feeder line polarization plane, which is composed of three layers of substrates, namely a feeder excitation substrate 1, an upper radiation medium substrate 2 and a lower radiation medium substrate 3; the three layers of substrates, namely the upper radiation dielectric substrate 2, the feed excitation substrate 1 and the lower radiation dielectric substrate 3, are sequentially overlapped up and down to form a radiation dielectric block of the antenna, and the feed excitation substrate 1 is positioned between the upper radiation dielectric substrate 2 and the lower radiation dielectric substrate 3; as shown in fig. 3, one metal layer 10 is disposed on both the upper and lower surfaces of the feeding excitation substrate 1, and the shapes, sizes and positions of the metal layers 10 on both the upper and lower surfaces are completely the same; two continuous metalized walls 11 are arranged on two sides of each metal layer 10 to connect the metal layers 10 on the upper and lower surfaces; the metal layer 10 and the two metalized walls 11 on the upper and lower surfaces form an embedded dielectric-filled waveguide 12 with open circuits at two ends in the feed excitation substrate 1, the metal layer 10 is a wide wall of the dielectric-filled waveguide 12, and the metalized walls 11 are narrow walls of the dielectric-filled waveguide 12; the dielectric filled waveguide 12 is a feed waveguide of an antenna, one end of the dielectric filled waveguide is a feed end 121 of the antenna, the other end of the dielectric filled waveguide is an open-circuit output end 122, and electromagnetic waves enter the dielectric filled waveguide 12 through the feed end 121 of the antenna and then leave the dielectric filled waveguide 12 through the output end 122; the shape of the output edge 123 of the wide wall of the dielectric-filled waveguide 12 in the direction of the output end 122 is concave and symmetrical, the axis of symmetry of the output edge 123 is the centerline of the wide wall of the dielectric-filled waveguide 12, the point of the output edge 123 on its own axis of symmetry is the edge pit 124, the edge pit 124 is the point of the output edge 123 closest to the feed end 121, and the four intersections of the output edge 123 with the narrow wall of the dielectric-filled waveguide 12 are the four edge endpoints 125.
The shapes and sizes of the upper radiation medium substrate 2 and the lower radiation medium substrate 3 may be the same, the shapes of the upper radiation medium substrate 2 and the lower radiation medium substrate 3 may be but not limited to cuboids, that is, towards the antenna beam direction, and the cross sections of the upper radiation medium substrate 2 and the lower radiation medium substrate 3 are the same; the cross-sections of the upper and lower radiating dielectric substrates 2 and 3 may also be kept the same first and then both gradually decrease toward the antenna beam.
The upper and lower radiation dielectric substrates 2 and 3 may be different in shape, but the beam direction may be made non-parallel to the plane of the upper and lower radiation dielectric substrates 2 and 3.
The vertical projection positions of the upper radiating medium substrate 2 and the lower radiating medium substrate 3 on the feed excitation substrate 1 may be the same, and further, the vertical projection positions of the upper radiating medium substrate 2 and the lower radiating medium substrate 3 on the feed excitation substrate 1 may be both located inside the feed excitation substrate 1. Preferably, the dielectric constants of the upper radiation dielectric substrate 2 and the lower radiation dielectric substrate 3 may be the same.
And the transverse dimensions of the upper radiation dielectric substrate 2 and the lower radiation dielectric substrate 3 are to ensure that the main polarization direction of an electromagnetic wave transmission mode in the radiation dielectric block is perpendicular to the plane of the feed excitation substrate 1, and the cut-off frequency of the transmission mode is lower than the working frequency of the antenna.
In the antenna of the present invention, the two continuous metalized walls 11 may be parallel to each other or may be opened to form a horn shape facing the radiation direction. The central line of the wide wall of the dielectric-filled waveguide 12 is the symmetry axis of the vertical projection of the upper radiating dielectric substrate 2 and the lower radiating dielectric substrate 3 on the feed excitation substrate 1, and the edge concave point 124 is located inside the vertical projection of the upper radiating dielectric substrate 2 and the lower radiating dielectric substrate 3 on the feed excitation substrate 1.
In addition, in the longitudinal end surface of the upper radiation dielectric substrate 2, the distance from the end surface 21 far away from the feeding end 121 to the connecting line between the two edge end points 125 on the same wide wall is greater than the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave in the radiation dielectric block, which is favorable for fully exciting the radiation mode.
In the antenna of the present invention, the distance from the edge concave point 124 on each metal layer 10 to the connecting line between the two edge end points 125 on the same metal layer 10 is greater than one quarter of the average waveguide wavelength of the electromagnetic wave in the region from the edge concave point 124 to the connecting line between the two edge end points 125 on the same metal layer 10 of the dielectric-filled waveguide 12.
And, in the antenna of the present invention, in each of the output edges 123, the shape from the edge concave point 124 to the edge end point 125 may be a straight line, a piecewise straight line, a spline curve, or an index.
The working principle of the antenna is as follows: electromagnetic waves enter the antenna from the feed end 121, pass through the dielectric filled waveguide 12 and reach the region of the output end 122, and the concave output edge 123 is actually a gradually-changed transition structure, so that the field pattern gradually transitions from a TE10 mode to the field pattern of a transmission mode of a radiation dielectric block, and meanwhile, the transformation and transition of impedance are realized. In the radiating medium block, the antenna can have two radiation modes according to different working frequencies. One is leaky wave mode, the beam is a forward-tilted sector frequency swept beam, and the other is an end-fire pencil beam, the beam direction being directed directly in front of the antenna.
The width of the feeding excitation substrate 1 may be the same as the widths of the upper radiation dielectric substrate 2 and the lower radiation dielectric substrate 3, or may be slightly wider than the widths of the upper radiation dielectric substrate 2 and the lower radiation dielectric substrate 3. This is because the electric field of the TE10 mode of operation is zero at the narrow walls of the dielectric-filled waveguide, whereas the electric field is not zero at the sides of the upper and lower dielectric substrates 2, 3. The width of the feed excitation substrate 1 is slightly wider than that of the upper radiation dielectric substrate 2 and the lower radiation dielectric substrate 3, so that the field type transition can be more effectively carried out.
The antenna may be directly connected to the rf subsystem. If the RF subsystem uses a substrate integrated waveguide, it can be directly connected without transition. If the rf subsystem employs other transmission lines, such as microstrip and coplanar waveguides, the usual transition from microstrip or coplanar waveguide to substrate integrated waveguide may be used. Generally, in multilayer boards, in order to suppress higher order modes and reduce radiation loss, a substrate on which radio frequency current is located is required to be thin, and the thickness is generally not more than five percent of the wavelength. The dielectric constant of the feed excitation substrate 1 of the antenna of the present invention may be different from that of the upper radiation dielectric substrate 2 and the lower radiation dielectric substrate 3, and the thickness of the substrates may be different. Even if the feed excitation substrate 1 is thin, the embedded feed excitation mode can ensure that the electromagnetic wave power coming out of the dielectric filled waveguide 12 is completely used for exciting the radiation of the antenna because the embedded feed excitation substrate is clamped between the upper radiation dielectric substrate 2 and the lower radiation dielectric substrate 3, and therefore the excitation efficiency is high.
According to application requirements, the feed excitation substrate 1, the upper radiation medium substrate 2 and the lower radiation medium substrate 3 can also adopt magnetic medium substrates.
The antenna of the invention can be manufactured by printed circuit board, low temperature co-sintering ceramic or thick film process, and also can be manufactured by chip process. The continuous metalized wall 11 may be replaced by an array of metalized vias, as in the case of a waveguide integrated on a substrate.
Therefore, according to the above-described embodiments, the present invention can be realized.
In summary, the multilayer heterogeneous medium integrated antenna with the embedded feed line polarization plane provided by the invention not only can realize multilayer heterogeneous integration of the radiation medium block by using a plane printed circuit process, but also realizes plane heterogeneous integration of the embedded feed excitation unit and the radiation medium block, and meanwhile, the feed excitation unit has the function of exciting linear polarization radiation by traveling wave feed.
The above description is only exemplary of the present invention and should not be taken as limiting the invention, as any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like within the spirit and scope of the present invention are intended to be included therein.
Claims (10)
1. The multilayer heterogeneous medium integrated antenna with the polarization plane embedded with the feed line is characterized by comprising three layers of substrates, namely a feed excitation substrate (1), an upper radiation medium substrate (2) and a lower radiation medium substrate (3), wherein the three layers of substrates, namely the upper radiation medium substrate (2), the feed excitation substrate (1) and the lower radiation medium substrate (3), are sequentially overlapped up and down to form a radiation medium block of the antenna; the upper surface and the lower surface of the feed excitation substrate (1) are respectively provided with a metal layer (10); two continuous metalized walls (11) are arranged on two sides of each metal layer (10) to connect the metal layers (10) on the upper and lower surfaces; the metal layer (10) and the two metalized walls (11) on the upper surface and the lower surface form an embedded dielectric-filled waveguide (12) with two open ends in the feed excitation substrate (1), the metal layer (10) is a wide wall of the dielectric-filled waveguide (12), and the metalized walls (11) are narrow walls of the dielectric-filled waveguide (12); the dielectric filled waveguide (12) is a feed waveguide of the antenna, one end of the dielectric filled waveguide is a feed end (121) of the antenna, and the other end of the dielectric filled waveguide is an open-circuit output end (122); the shape of an output edge (123) of the wide wall of the dielectric-filled waveguide (12) in the direction of the output end (122) is concave and symmetrical, the symmetry axis of the output edge (123) is the center line of the wide wall of the dielectric-filled waveguide (12), the point of the output edge (123) on the symmetry axis of the output edge is an edge pit (124), the edge pit (124) is the point of the output edge (123) closest to the feed end (121), and the four intersection points of the output edge (123) and the narrow wall of the dielectric-filled waveguide (12) are four edge end points (125); the electromagnetic wave enters the dielectric filled waveguide (12) through the feed end (121) of the antenna and leaves the dielectric filled waveguide (12) through the output end (122).
2. The embedded feed line polarization plane multilayer heterogeneous medium integrated antenna of claim 1, wherein: the upper radiating dielectric substrate (2) and the lower radiating dielectric substrate (3) are identical in shape and size, and the vertical projection positions of the upper radiating dielectric substrate and the lower radiating dielectric substrate on the feed excitation substrate (1) are identical and are both located inside the feed excitation substrate (1).
3. The embedded feed line polarization plane multilayer heterogeneous medium integrated antenna of claim 1, wherein: the central line of the wide wall of the dielectric-filled waveguide (12) is a symmetry axis of the vertical projection of the upper radiating dielectric substrate (2) and the lower radiating dielectric substrate (3) on the feed excitation substrate (1), and the edge concave point (124) is positioned inside the vertical projection of the upper radiating dielectric substrate (2) and the lower radiating dielectric substrate (3) on the feed excitation substrate (1).
4. The embedded feed line polarization plane multilayer heterogeneous medium integrated antenna of claim 1, wherein: the dielectric constants of the upper radiation medium substrate (2) and the lower radiation medium substrate (3) are the same.
5. The embedded feed line polarization plane multilayer heterogeneous medium integrated antenna of claim 1, wherein: in the longitudinal end surfaces of the upper radiation dielectric substrate (2), the distance from the end surface (21) far away from the feed end (121) to a connecting line between two edge end points (125) on the same wide wall is greater than the wavelength of electromagnetic waves in the radiation dielectric block.
6. The embedded feed line polarization plane multilayer heterogeneous medium integrated antenna of claim 1, wherein: the transverse dimensions of the upper radiation medium substrate (2) and the lower radiation medium substrate (3) ensure that the main polarization direction of an electromagnetic wave transmission mode is perpendicular to the plane where the feed excitation substrate (1) is located in the radiation medium block, and the cut-off frequency of the transmission mode is lower than the working frequency of the antenna.
7. The embedded feed line polarization plane multilayer heterogeneous medium integrated antenna of claim 1, wherein: the distance between the edge concave point (124) on each metal layer (10) and a connecting line between two edge end points (125) on the same metal layer (10) is larger than one fourth of the average waveguide wavelength of the area of the electromagnetic wave starting from the edge concave point (124) to the connecting line between the two edge end points (125) on the same metal layer (10) in the medium-filled waveguide (12).
8. The embedded feed line polarization plane multilayer heterogeneous medium integrated antenna of claim 1, wherein: in each output edge (123), the shape between the edge pits (124) to the edge end points (125) is a straight line, a piecewise straight line, a spline, or an exponential.
9. The embedded feed line polarization plane multilayer heterogeneous medium integrated antenna of claim 1, wherein: the feed excitation substrate (1), the upper radiation medium substrate (2) and the lower radiation medium substrate (3) adopt magnetic medium substrates.
10. The embedded feed line polarization plane multilayer heterogeneous medium integrated antenna of claim 1, wherein: the two continuous metalized walls (11) are replaced by a metalized via array.
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| CN202210184365.9A CN114628891B (en) | 2022-02-28 | 2022-02-28 | Embedded feed linear polarization plane multilayer heterogeneous medium integrated antenna |
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