CN114613614A - All-solid-state lithium ion capacitor and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
All-solid-state lithium ion capacitor and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN114613614A CN114613614A CN202210371889.9A CN202210371889A CN114613614A CN 114613614 A CN114613614 A CN 114613614A CN 202210371889 A CN202210371889 A CN 202210371889A CN 114613614 A CN114613614 A CN 114613614A
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- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 55
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 52
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 40
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 8
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 54
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 54
- 239000013589 supplement Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000011232 storage material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000007784 solid electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000013543 active substance Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229920000620 organic polymer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000005518 polymer electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 34
- 239000002482 conductive additive Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetonitrile Chemical compound CC#N WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910003002 lithium salt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000002033 PVDF binder Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000011267 electrode slurry Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 159000000002 lithium salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 8
- -1 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910021389 graphene Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000007773 negative electrode material Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229920003171 Poly (ethylene oxide) Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical group [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004917 carbon fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910021385 hard carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002931 mesocarbon microbead Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004810 polytetrafluoroethylene Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920002981 polyvinylidene fluoride Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910021384 soft carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical group [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011889 copper foil Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910003473 lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- GELKBWJHTRAYNV-UHFFFAOYSA-K lithium iron phosphate Chemical compound [Li+].[Fe+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O GELKBWJHTRAYNV-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920002239 polyacrylonitrile Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920001451 polypropylene glycol Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910013188 LiBOB Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910010941 LiFSI Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910001290 LiPF6 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004642 Polyimide Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920002125 Sokalan® Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- PFYQFCKUASLJLL-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Co].[Ni].[Li] Chemical compound [Co].[Ni].[Li] PFYQFCKUASLJLL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- YWJVFBOUPMWANA-UHFFFAOYSA-H [Li+].[V+5].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O Chemical compound [Li+].[V+5].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O YWJVFBOUPMWANA-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000006230 acetylene black Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002041 carbon nanotube Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910021393 carbon nanotube Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- QHGJSLXSVXVKHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dilithium;dioxido(dioxo)manganese Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[O-][Mn]([O-])(=O)=O QHGJSLXSVXVKHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003273 ketjen black Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910001540 lithium hexafluoroarsenate(V) Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- MHCFAGZWMAWTNR-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium perchlorate Chemical compound [Li+].[O-]Cl(=O)(=O)=O MHCFAGZWMAWTNR-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910001486 lithium perchlorate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910001496 lithium tetrafluoroborate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- ACFSQHQYDZIPRL-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;bis(1,1,2,2,2-pentafluoroethylsulfonyl)azanide Chemical compound [Li+].FC(F)(F)C(F)(F)S(=O)(=O)[N-]S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)F ACFSQHQYDZIPRL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- VDVLPSWVDYJFRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;bis(fluorosulfonyl)azanide Chemical compound [Li+].FS(=O)(=O)[N-]S(F)(=O)=O VDVLPSWVDYJFRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- QSZMZKBZAYQGRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)azanide Chemical compound [Li+].FC(F)(F)S(=O)(=O)[N-]S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F QSZMZKBZAYQGRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- ILXAVRFGLBYNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-K lithium;manganese(2+);phosphate Chemical compound [Li+].[Mn+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O ILXAVRFGLBYNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004584 polyacrylic acid Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920001721 polyimide Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000005033 polyvinylidene chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920001328 Polyvinylidene chloride Polymers 0.000 claims 1
- SOXUFMZTHZXOGC-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Li].[Mn].[Co].[Ni] Chemical compound [Li].[Mn].[Co].[Ni] SOXUFMZTHZXOGC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- ZYXUQEDFWHDILZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Ni].[Mn].[Li] Chemical compound [Ni].[Mn].[Li] ZYXUQEDFWHDILZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 239000006183 anode active material Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000006182 cathode active material Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 210000001787 dendrite Anatomy 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000009469 supplementation Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000001502 supplementing effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000007774 positive electrode material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000004080 punching Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011056 performance test Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910009361 YP-50F Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000004027 cell Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002687 intercalation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009830 intercalation Methods 0.000 description 1
- BDKWOJYFHXPPPT-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium dioxido(dioxo)manganese nickel(2+) Chemical compound [Mn](=O)(=O)([O-])[O-].[Ni+2].[Li+] BDKWOJYFHXPPPT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000005677 organic carbonates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000006864 oxidative decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES OR LIGHT-SENSITIVE DEVICES, OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
- H01G11/54—Electrolytes
- H01G11/56—Solid electrolytes, e.g. gels; Additives therein
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES OR LIGHT-SENSITIVE DEVICES, OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
- H01G11/22—Electrodes
- H01G11/26—Electrodes characterised by their structure, e.g. multi-layered, porosity or surface features
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES OR LIGHT-SENSITIVE DEVICES, OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
- H01G11/22—Electrodes
- H01G11/30—Electrodes characterised by their material
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES OR LIGHT-SENSITIVE DEVICES, OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
- H01G11/22—Electrodes
- H01G11/30—Electrodes characterised by their material
- H01G11/32—Carbon-based
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES OR LIGHT-SENSITIVE DEVICES, OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
- H01G11/22—Electrodes
- H01G11/30—Electrodes characterised by their material
- H01G11/32—Carbon-based
- H01G11/36—Nanostructures, e.g. nanofibres, nanotubes or fullerenes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES OR LIGHT-SENSITIVE DEVICES, OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
- H01G11/22—Electrodes
- H01G11/30—Electrodes characterised by their material
- H01G11/32—Carbon-based
- H01G11/40—Fibres
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES OR LIGHT-SENSITIVE DEVICES, OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
- H01G11/22—Electrodes
- H01G11/30—Electrodes characterised by their material
- H01G11/50—Electrodes characterised by their material specially adapted for lithium-ion capacitors, e.g. for lithium-doping or for intercalation
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES OR LIGHT-SENSITIVE DEVICES, OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
- H01G11/78—Cases; Housings; Encapsulations; Mountings
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES OR LIGHT-SENSITIVE DEVICES, OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
- H01G11/84—Processes for the manufacture of hybrid or EDL capacitors, or components thereof
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES OR LIGHT-SENSITIVE DEVICES, OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
- H01G11/84—Processes for the manufacture of hybrid or EDL capacitors, or components thereof
- H01G11/86—Processes for the manufacture of hybrid or EDL capacitors, or components thereof specially adapted for electrodes
Abstract
The invention relates to an all-solid-state lithium ion capacitor and a preparation method thereof, wherein the preparation method comprises the following steps: preparing a positive electrode; preparing a lithium-supplement negative electrode; preparing an all-solid-state electrolyte; and (3) packaging: and packaging the prepared positive plate, the lithium-supplementing negative plate and the all-solid-state electrolyte in a glove box to obtain the all-solid-state lithium ion capacitor. The invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention provides an all-solid-state lithium ion capacitor which is provided with an anode, an all-solid-state electrolyte, a lithium supplementing cathode and a shell, wherein an active substance on the anode is a double-layer energy storage material; the all-solid electrolyte is an organic polymer electrolyte; the active material on the lithium-supplementing negative electrode is a lithium-embedded energy storage material after lithium supplementation; the invention can effectively avoid the occurrence of lithium dendrite and thermal runaway, eliminate potential safety hazard caused by electrolyte leakage, simultaneously improve the energy density of a system and prolong the cycle service life, and provides a good idea for developing a high-energy-density and high-safety lithium ion capacitor.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of electrochemical energy, and particularly relates to an all-solid-state lithium ion capacitor and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The lithium ion capacitor is a novel energy storage device, has the high power density of a super capacitor and the high energy density of a lithium ion battery, and has wide application prospect.
The anode of the traditional lithium ion capacitor is made of porous carbon materials such as activated carbon with high specific surface area, the cathode of the traditional lithium ion capacitor is made of lithium ion battery lithium-embedded energy storage materials, and the electrolyte is lithium ion battery electrolyte. However, lithium ion capacitors, like lithium ion batteries, also face a number of safety concerns.
On one hand, the current commercial lithium ion battery electrolyte generally consists of organic carbonate organic solvent and lithium salt, and the risks of oxidative decomposition, volatilization and leakage exist in use; on the other hand, lithium dendrite can be formed in the lithium ion battery negative electrode material in the process of multiple cycles, so that the internal resistance of the lithium ion capacitor is increased, and even the risk of short circuit of the battery core caused by puncturing the diaphragm exists. Meanwhile, the lithium ion capacitor also has problems of low energy density and poor cycle performance.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects in the prior art and provides an all-solid-state lithium ion capacitor and a preparation method thereof.
The all-solid-state lithium ion capacitor includes: the lithium ion battery comprises a positive electrode, an all-solid-state electrolyte, a lithium supplement negative electrode and a shell; the positive electrode consists of a positive active material and a positive current collector, and the lithium-supplementing negative electrode consists of a negative active material and a negative current collector; the all-solid electrolyte is an organic polymer electrolyte; the upper surface of the all-solid-state electrolyte is connected with the anode, and the lower surface of the all-solid-state electrolyte is connected with the lithium supplement cathode; the positive electrode, the all-solid-state electrolyte and the lithium-supplementing negative electrode are all placed in the shell.
Preferably, the positive active material includes activated carbon, porous carbon fiber, porous graphene, and a porous graphite plate; the negative active material comprises graphite after lithium supplement, mesocarbon microbeads after lithium supplement, hard carbon after lithium supplement, soft carbon after lithium supplement and lithium titanate after lithium supplement.
The preparation method of the all-solid-state lithium ion capacitor specifically comprises the following steps:
step 1, preparing a positive electrode: blending the positive active substance, the conductive additive, the binder and the organic solvent according to a set mass ratio, and stirring at a high speed to form positive slurry; then uniformly coating the positive electrode slurry on a positive electrode current collector, and drying, rolling and slitting to obtain a positive electrode; the mass ratio of the positive electrode active substance to the conductive additive to the binder is (85-90) to (5-10) to (2-5);
step 2, preparing a lithium supplement negative electrode;
step 2.1, blending the lithium-containing metal oxide, the conductive additive, the binder and the organic solvent according to a set mass ratio, stirring at a high speed to form slurry, then uniformly coating the slurry on a positive current collector, and drying, rolling and slitting the coated positive current collector to obtain a pole piece a; the mass ratio of the lithium-containing metal oxide to the conductive additive to the binder is (90-95): (2-5): 2-5);
2.2, blending the lithium-embedded energy storage material, the conductive additive, the binder and the organic solvent according to a set mass ratio, stirring at a high speed to form slurry, then uniformly coating the slurry on a negative current collector, and drying, rolling and slitting the coated negative current collector to obtain a pole piece b; the mass ratio of the lithium-embedded energy storage material to the conductive additive to the binder is (85-90) to (5-10);
step 2.3, encapsulating the pole piece a, the pole piece b, the lithium ion battery diaphragm and the lithium ion battery electrolyte in a glove box to obtain a full battery buckle type device;
step 2.4, setting the charging and discharging cycles of the full battery button type device obtained in the step 2.3 for times and charging the full battery button type device to a full power state;
step 2.5, disassembling the fully charged full-battery button type device obtained in the step 2.4 to obtain a lithium supplement cathode;
step 3, preparing an all-solid electrolyte: adding a polymer solid electrolyte matrix into an acetonitrile solution, stirring to form uniform emulsion, then adding lithium salt into the emulsion, and stirring to obtain a mixed solution; pouring the mixed solution into a polytetrafluoroethylene mold, naturally airing, and cutting the prepared polymer solid electrolyte into sheets for later use;
step 4, packaging: and (3) packaging the positive plate obtained in the step (1), the lithium-supplementing negative plate obtained in the step (2) and the all-solid-state electrolyte in a glove box to obtain the all-solid-state lithium ion capacitor.
Preferably, the positive electrode active material in step 1 is at least one of activated carbon, porous carbon fiber, porous graphene, and porous graphite sheet.
Preferably, in step 2.1, the lithium-containing metal oxide is at least one of lithium cobaltate, lithium nickelate, lithium manganate, lithium nickel cobalt aluminate, lithium nickel manganate, lithium iron phosphate, lithium manganese phosphate and lithium vanadium phosphate, and the positive electrode current collector is an aluminum foil.
Preferably, the lithium-embedded energy storage material in the step 2.2 is at least one of graphite, mesocarbon microbeads, hard carbon, soft carbon and lithium titanate; the negative current collector is copper foil.
Preferably, the conductive additive in step 1 and step 2 is at least one of conductive carbon black, ketjen black, acetylene black, graphene and carbon nanotubes; the binder is at least one of polyvinylidene fluoride, polytetrafluoroethylene, polyacrylic acid and polyimide.
Preferably, in step 2.4, the full cell button device obtained in step 2.3 is charged to full charge at 0.05C for 3 charge-discharge cycles.
Preferably, the polymer solid electrolyte matrix in step 3 comprises polyethylene oxide (PEO), polypropylene oxide (PPO), polyvinylidene chloride (PVDC), Polyacrylonitrile (PAN) and polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF); the lithium salt comprises LiPF6、LiClO4、LiBF4、LiAsF6LiTf, LiSA, LiFSI, LiTFSI, LiBETI, LiCTFSI, LiBOB, LiTDI, LiPDI, LiDCTA and LiB (CN)4。
Preferably, the molar ratio of the basic structural unit of the polymer solid electrolyte matrix in the step 3 to the lithium element in the lithium salt is 10-20.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention provides an all-solid-state lithium ion capacitor which is provided with an anode, an all-solid-state electrolyte, a lithium supplementing cathode and a shell, wherein an active substance on the anode is a double-layer energy storage material; the all-solid electrolyte is an organic polymer electrolyte; the active material on the lithium-supplementing negative electrode is a lithium-embedded energy storage material after lithium supplementation.
The invention can effectively avoid the occurrence of lithium dendrite and thermal runaway, eliminates potential safety hazard caused by electrolyte leakage, simultaneously improves the energy density of a system and the cycle service life, and provides a good idea for developing a high-energy-density and high-safety lithium ion capacitor.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an all-solid-state lithium ion capacitor;
FIG. 2 is a graph of multiplying power performance test results of an all-solid-state lithium ion capacitor;
fig. 3 is a graph showing the cycle performance test results of the all-solid-state lithium ion capacitor.
Description of reference numerals: the lithium battery comprises a current collector 1, a double-layer type energy storage material 2, a lithium-embedded type energy storage material 3 after lithium supplement and an all-solid-state electrolyte 4.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to the following examples. The following examples are set forth merely to aid in the understanding of the invention. It should be noted that, for a person skilled in the art, several modifications can be made to the invention without departing from the principle of the invention, and these modifications and modifications also fall within the protection scope of the claims of the present invention.
Example one
The embodiment of the application provides an all solid-state lithium ion capacitor, includes: the lithium ion battery comprises a positive electrode, an all-solid-state electrolyte, a lithium supplement negative electrode and a shell; the positive electrode consists of a positive active material and a positive current collector, and the lithium-supplementing negative electrode consists of a negative active material and a negative current collector; the all-solid electrolyte is an organic polymer electrolyte; the upper surface of the all-solid-state electrolyte is connected with the anode, and the lower surface of the all-solid-state electrolyte is connected with the lithium supplement cathode; the positive electrode, the all-solid-state electrolyte and the lithium-supplementing negative electrode are all placed in the shell. The positive active substance comprises active carbon, porous carbon fiber, porous graphene and a porous graphite plate; the negative active material comprises graphite after lithium supplement, mesocarbon microbeads after lithium supplement, hard carbon after lithium supplement, soft carbon after lithium supplement and lithium titanate after lithium supplement.
As shown in fig. 1, the positive electrode active material is a two-layer energy storage material 2, and the negative electrode active material is a lithium intercalation energy storage material 3 after lithium supplementation; the lower surface of the all-solid-state electrolyte 4 is connected with the lithium-embedded energy storage material 3 after lithium supplement, and the lithium-embedded energy storage material 3 after lithium supplement is connected with the current collector 1 at the bottom; the upper surface of the all-solid-state electrolyte 4 is connected with the double-layer type energy storage material 2, and the double-layer type energy storage material 2 is connected with the current collector 1 positioned at the top.
Example two
On the basis of the first embodiment, the second embodiment of the present application provides a method for manufacturing an all-solid-state lithium ion capacitor in the first embodiment:
manufacturing a positive pole piece: uniformly mixing the Coli activated carbon YP-50F, the conductive additive SP and the PVDF binder according to the ratio of 80:10:10 to obtain uniform and stable electrode slurry, then uniformly coating the electrode slurry on an aluminum foil current collector, placing the aluminum foil current collector in a vacuum oven for drying, and rolling and punching to prepare the required positive plate.
Preparing a lithium-supplement negative pole piece: uniformly mixing lithium iron phosphate, a conductive additive SP and a PVDF binder according to a ratio of 80:10:10 to obtain uniform and stable electrode slurry, uniformly coating the electrode slurry on an aluminum foil current collector, drying the aluminum foil current collector in a vacuum oven, and rolling and punching to obtain the required pole piece a. Uniformly mixing graphite, a conductive additive SP and a PVDF binder according to a ratio of 80:10:10 to obtain uniform and stable electrode slurry, uniformly coating the electrode slurry on a copper foil current collector, placing the copper foil current collector in a vacuum oven for drying, and rolling and punching to obtain the required pole piece b. And assembling the pole piece a and the pole piece b into a full-battery button type device in a glove box, and fully charging the full-battery button type device after 0.05C charging and discharging cycle is carried out for 3 times. And (4) placing the full-battery button device in a glove box, and disassembling to obtain the negative graphite pole piece after lithium supplement.
Preparing an all-solid electrolyte film: adding polyoxyethylene PEO into an acetonitrile solution, stirring to form uniform emulsion, then adding LiTFSI lithium salt into the emulsion, stirring to obtain uniform mixed solution, pouring the mixed solution into a polytetrafluoroethylene mold, naturally airing, and cutting the prepared polymer solid electrolyte into a wafer for later use, wherein the molar ratio of EO of a basic structural unit of polyoxyethylene to a lithium element in the lithium salt is EO: li-10: 1.
assembling and evaluating a full battery button type device: and (3) assembling the positive pole piece, the all-solid electrolyte film and the lithium-supplementing negative pole piece into an all-solid lithium ion capacitor buckle type device in sequence, and testing the multiplying power performance and the cycle performance, wherein the test results are shown in figures 2 and 3. Experiments show that the energy density of the all-solid-state lithium ion capacitor can reach 25Wh/kg, and the all-solid-state lithium ion capacitor shows excellent rate performance; after the all-solid-state lithium ion capacitor is cycled for more than 200 times, the capacity retention rate is still more than 90%.
Claims (10)
1. An all-solid-state lithium ion capacitor, comprising: the lithium ion battery comprises a positive electrode, an all-solid-state electrolyte, a lithium supplement negative electrode and a shell; the anode consists of an anode active material and an anode current collector, and the lithium-supplementing cathode consists of a cathode active material and a cathode current collector; the all-solid electrolyte is an organic polymer electrolyte; the upper surface of the all-solid-state electrolyte is connected with the anode, and the lower surface of the all-solid-state electrolyte is connected with the lithium supplement cathode; the positive electrode, the all-solid-state electrolyte and the lithium-supplementing negative electrode are all placed in the shell.
2. The all-solid-state lithium ion capacitor according to claim 1, characterized in that: the positive active substance comprises active carbon, porous carbon fiber, porous graphene and a porous graphite plate; the negative active material comprises graphite after lithium supplement, mesocarbon microbeads after lithium supplement, hard carbon after lithium supplement, soft carbon after lithium supplement and lithium titanate after lithium supplement.
3. The preparation method of the all-solid-state lithium ion capacitor according to claim 1, comprising the following steps:
step 1, preparing a positive electrode: blending the positive active substance, the conductive additive, the binder and the organic solvent according to a set mass ratio, and stirring at a high speed to form positive slurry; then uniformly coating the positive electrode slurry on a positive electrode current collector, and drying, rolling and slitting to obtain a positive electrode; the mass ratio of the positive electrode active substance to the conductive additive to the binder is (85-90) to (5-10) to (2-5);
step 2, preparing a lithium supplement negative electrode;
step 2.1, blending the lithium-containing metal oxide, the conductive additive, the binder and the organic solvent according to a set mass ratio, stirring at a high speed to form slurry, then uniformly coating the slurry on a positive current collector, and drying, rolling and slitting the coated positive current collector to obtain a pole piece a; the mass ratio of the lithium-containing metal oxide to the conductive additive to the binder is (90-95): (2-5): 2-5);
2.2, blending the lithium-embedded energy storage material, the conductive additive, the binder and the organic solvent according to a set mass ratio, stirring at a high speed to form slurry, then uniformly coating the slurry on a negative current collector, and drying, rolling and slitting the coated negative current collector to obtain a pole piece b; the mass ratio of the lithium-embedded energy storage material to the conductive additive to the binder is (85-90) to (5-10);
step 2.3, encapsulating the pole piece a, the pole piece b, the lithium ion battery diaphragm and the lithium ion battery electrolyte in a glove box to obtain a full battery buckle type device;
step 2.4, setting the charging and discharging cycles of the full battery button type device obtained in the step 2.3 for times and charging the full battery button type device to a full power state;
step 2.5, placing the fully charged full-battery button type device obtained in the step 2.4 in a glove box, and disassembling to obtain a lithium supplement cathode;
step 3, preparing an all-solid electrolyte: adding a polymer solid electrolyte matrix into an acetonitrile solution, stirring to form uniform emulsion, then adding lithium salt into the emulsion, and stirring to obtain a mixed solution; pouring the mixed solution into a polytetrafluoroethylene mold, naturally airing, and cutting the prepared polymer solid electrolyte into sheets for later use;
step 4, packaging: and (3) packaging the positive plate obtained in the step (1), the lithium-supplementing negative plate obtained in the step (2) and the all-solid-state electrolyte in a glove box to obtain the all-solid-state lithium ion capacitor.
4. The method for producing an all-solid-state lithium ion capacitor according to claim 3, characterized in that: in the step 1, the positive active substance is at least one of active carbon, porous carbon fiber, porous graphene and a porous graphite plate.
5. The method for producing an all-solid-state lithium ion capacitor according to claim 3, characterized in that: in step 2.1, the lithium-containing metal oxide is at least one of lithium cobaltate, lithium nickelate, lithium manganate, lithium nickel cobalt manganese, lithium nickel cobalt aluminate, lithium nickel manganese, lithium iron phosphate, lithium manganese phosphate and lithium vanadium phosphate, and the positive current collector is an aluminum foil.
6. The method for producing an all-solid-state lithium ion capacitor according to claim 3, characterized in that: 2.2, the lithium-embedded energy storage material is at least one of graphite, mesocarbon microbeads, hard carbon, soft carbon and lithium titanate; the negative current collector is copper foil.
7. The method for producing an all-solid-state lithium ion capacitor according to claim 3, characterized in that: the conductive additive in the step 1 and the step 2 is at least one of conductive carbon black, Ketjen black, acetylene black, graphene and carbon nano tubes; the binder is at least one of polyvinylidene fluoride, polytetrafluoroethylene, polyacrylic acid and polyimide.
8. The method for producing an all-solid-state lithium ion capacitor according to claim 3, characterized in that: and 2.4, performing charge-discharge cycle on the full-battery button device obtained in the step 2.3 at 0.05 ℃ for 3 times, and charging to a full-charge state.
9. The method for producing an all-solid-state lithium ion capacitor according to claim 3, characterized in that: in the step 3, the polymer solid electrolyte matrix comprises polyethylene oxide, polypropylene oxide, polyvinylidene chloride, polyacrylonitrile and polyvinylidene fluoride; the lithium salt comprises LiPF6、LiClO4、LiBF4、LiAsF6LiTf, LiSA, LiFSI, LiTFSI, LiBETI, LiCTFSI, LiBOB, LiTDI, LiPDI, LiDCTA and LiB (CN)4。
10. The method for producing an all-solid-state lithium ion capacitor according to claim 3, characterized in that: and 3, the molar ratio of the basic structural unit of the polymer solid electrolyte matrix to the lithium element in the lithium salt is 10-20.
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