CN114606932A - Soft clay foundation treatment method suitable for municipal road pipeline laying - Google Patents
Soft clay foundation treatment method suitable for municipal road pipeline laying Download PDFInfo
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- CN114606932A CN114606932A CN202210235824.1A CN202210235824A CN114606932A CN 114606932 A CN114606932 A CN 114606932A CN 202210235824 A CN202210235824 A CN 202210235824A CN 114606932 A CN114606932 A CN 114606932A
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- soft clay
- foundation
- municipal road
- pipeline laying
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- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 43
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 39
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000010865 sewage Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000011398 Portland cement Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 11
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010008 shearing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007596 consolidation process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007667 floating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003864 humus Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013049 sediment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D5/00—Bulkheads, piles, or other structural elements specially adapted to foundation engineering
- E02D5/22—Piles
- E02D5/34—Concrete or concrete-like piles cast in position ; Apparatus for making same
- E02D5/46—Concrete or concrete-like piles cast in position ; Apparatus for making same making in situ by forcing bonding agents into gravel fillings or the soil
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D19/00—Keeping dry foundation sites or other areas in the ground
- E02D19/06—Restraining of underground water
- E02D19/12—Restraining of underground water by damming or interrupting the passage of underground water
- E02D19/18—Restraining of underground water by damming or interrupting the passage of underground water by making use of sealing aprons, e.g. diaphragms made from bituminous or clay material
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D3/00—Improving or preserving soil or rock, e.g. preserving permafrost soil
- E02D3/02—Improving by compacting
- E02D3/046—Improving by compacting by tamping or vibrating, e.g. with auxiliary watering of the soil
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Paleontology (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Agronomy & Crop Science (AREA)
- Investigation Of Foundation Soil And Reinforcement Of Foundation Soil By Compacting Or Drainage (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a soft clay foundation treatment method suitable for municipal road pipeline laying, which comprises the following steps: firstly, determining the depth of a soft clay layer of a field to be treated according to survey data; secondly, dividing the stratum of the site to be treated into a filling layer, a base layer and a reinforcing layer from shallow to deep; thirdly, digging original soil in the filled soil layer, and reinforcing the reinforcement foundation along the pipeline to be laid by adopting a high-pressure jet grouting pile; fourthly, constructing cement mixing piles on the reinforcing layer foundation on the two sides of the high-pressure jet grouting pile to form an anti-seepage curtain; fifthly, arranging a sewage pipe pipeline on the reinforcing layer, arranging a rainwater pipe pipeline on the base layer, and arranging a part of rainwater pipe pipeline and a rainwater and sewage branch pipe pipeline on the filling layer; and sixthly, performing pit slag and soil inclusion backfilling on the filling layer, and filling and tamping in a layering manner. The soft clay foundation treatment method suitable for municipal road pipeline laying, provided by the invention, can be used for carrying out layered treatment on soft clay foundations according to the requirements of different pipelines, and is high in treatment efficiency and good in foundation reinforcement effect.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of municipal road pipeline foundation treatment, and particularly relates to a soft clay foundation treatment method suitable for municipal road pipeline laying.
Background
Rainwater pipeline, sewage pipeline and water supply pipe all belong to town road pipeline engineering, and this type of town road pipeline is laid and is all had certain requirement to the road bed subsides, if the pipeline produces compression settlement or lateral displacement, then longitudinal bending will appear in the body to influence pipeline stability, appear the pipeline breakage even, leak scheduling problem.
The soft clay foundation is fine granular soil formed by silt sediments and humus and is characterized by large water content, large pore ratio, high compressibility, low bearing capacity and the like. The municipal road pipeline is laid in the soft clay foundation construction, the conditions of foundation shear failure, uneven settlement, pipeline instability or floating and the like are very easy to occur, the use performance of the pipeline is influenced, and the serious adverse effect is caused on the engineering construction quality.
Therefore, the above problems need to be solved.
Disclosure of Invention
The purpose of the invention is as follows: in order to overcome the defects, the invention aims to provide the soft clay foundation treatment method suitable for municipal road pipeline laying, which is used for treating soft clay foundations layer by layer according to the requirements of different pipelines, and has high treatment efficiency and good foundation reinforcement effect.
The technical scheme is as follows: in order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides a soft clay foundation treatment method suitable for municipal road pipeline laying, which comprises the following steps of:
firstly, determining the depth of a soft clay layer of a field to be treated according to survey data;
secondly, dividing the stratum of the site to be treated into three layers, wherein the shallowest layer is a filling layer with the thickness of about 800mm, the middle layer is a base layer with the thickness of about 800mm, and the deepest layer is a strengthening layer;
thirdly, digging original soil in the filled soil layer, and reinforcing the reinforcement foundation along the pipeline to be laid by adopting a high-pressure jet grouting pile;
fourthly, constructing cement mixing piles on the reinforcing layer foundations on the two sides of the high-pressure jet grouting pile to form an anti-seepage curtain;
fifthly, arranging a sewage pipe pipeline on the reinforcing layer, arranging a rainwater pipe pipeline on the base layer, and arranging a part of rainwater pipe pipeline and a rainwater and sewage branch pipe pipeline on the filling layer;
and sixthly, performing pit slag and soil-included backfilling on the filling layer, and performing layered filling and tamping.
According to the soft clay foundation treatment method suitable for municipal road pipeline laying, the soft clay foundation is subjected to layered treatment according to the requirements of different pipelines, and the foundation is reinforced through the high-pressure jet grouting piles, so that the shear strength and the bearing capacity of the foundation can be improved, and the shearing damage and the uneven settlement of the foundation are reduced; cement mixing piles are erected on two sides of the high-pressure jet grouting pile to form an anti-seepage curtain, so that water and air permeation can be prevented, and foundation settlement can be reduced; the construction method is simple, the cost is low, the treatment efficiency is high, and the foundation stabilization effect is good.
Further, according to the soft clay foundation treatment method suitable for municipal road pipeline laying, the construction method of the high-pressure jet grouting pile comprises the following steps: drilling a reinforcing layer by adopting a drill rod, carrying out rotary spraying by adopting a single-pipe method, spraying high-pressure cement slurry from a nozzle in the horizontal direction, and simultaneously rotating and lifting, wherein the reinforcing depth of the high-pressure rotary spraying pile is 10.0m, the diameter is 1000mm, and the interval is 700 mm.
Further, according to the soft clay foundation treatment method suitable for municipal road pipeline laying, the rotation speed of the drill rod is 20r/min, the lifting speed of the drill rod is 15-30 cm/min, and the diameter of the nozzle is 0.3-1.0 m.
Further, in the soft clay foundation treatment method suitable for municipal road pipeline laying, the slurry pressure of the high-pressure cement slurry is 20-40 Mpa.
Further, according to the soft clay foundation treatment method suitable for municipal road pipeline laying, the cement of the high-pressure cement paste is ordinary portland cement with the strength grade of more than 42.5, the water-cement ratio is 1, and the density is 1.35-1.5 g/cm3。
Further, according to the soft clay foundation treatment method suitable for municipal road pipeline laying, the diameter of each cement mixing pile is 0.5m, the length of each cement mixing pile is 10m, the circle center distance between every two adjacent cement mixing piles is 0.4m, and the cement mixing piles are meshed to form the anti-seepage curtain.
Further, according to the soft clay foundation treatment method suitable for municipal road pipeline laying, the maximum particle size of the slag is not more than 30cm, and the mud content is not more than 20%; the thickness of the first layer is not more than 500mm, and the thickness of each later layer is not more than 300 mm.
Further, according to the soft clay foundation treatment method suitable for municipal road pipeline laying, 16t or more of vibratory rollers are used for rolling each layer of backfill slag, and during rolling, vibration rolling is carried out for at least 6 times until no obvious wheel tracks exist on the surface of a pressed entity.
Further, according to the soft clay foundation treatment method suitable for municipal road pipeline laying, the rolling speed of the vibratory roller is 2-4 km/h, the vibration frequency is 30Hz, and the rolling speed is higher than 1/4.
Further, according to the soft clay foundation treatment method suitable for municipal road pipeline laying, after each layer of backfill slag is rolled and tamped, the actually measured compactness is not less than 90%.
The technical scheme shows that the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. according to the soft clay foundation treatment method suitable for municipal road pipeline laying, disclosed by the invention, soft clay foundations are subjected to layered treatment according to the requirements of different pipelines, and the foundations are reinforced through high-pressure jet grouting piles, so that the shear strength and the bearing capacity of the foundations can be improved, and the shearing damage and uneven settlement of the foundations are reduced; cement mixing piles are erected on two sides of the high-pressure jet grouting pile to form an anti-seepage curtain, so that water and air permeation can be prevented, and foundation settlement can be reduced; the construction method is simple, the cost is low, the treatment efficiency is high, and the foundation stabilization effect is good.
2. According to the soft clay foundation treatment method suitable for municipal road pipeline laying, the high-pressure jet grouting pile is formed by spraying high-pressure cement slurry from a nozzle in the horizontal direction through a drill rod, so that jet flows are formed, soil bodies are cut in sequence, or the soil bodies are fully stirred, and the purpose of reinforcing the foundation is achieved. When the method is adopted for construction, the procedures of spraying, rotating, lifting and the like are required to be carried out simultaneously, the process has the advantages that the shear strength and the bearing capacity of the foundation are favorably improved, the deformation property of soil is improved, the reinforcing range can be controlled, the used equipment is simple and light, the mechanization degree is high, the material source is wide, the construction is simple and convenient, the speed is high, and the cost is low.
3. The invention relates to a soft clay foundation treatment method suitable for municipal road pipeline laying, wherein a cement mixing pile forcibly mixes soft clay and cement in a certain depth of a soft clay foundation by using a mixing machine, and a column or a wall with certain bearing capacity and consolidation degree is formed through a series of complex physical and chemical changes; the cement mixing pile construction has the advantages of high pile forming speed, high efficiency, low cost, no pollution, no extrusion of foundation soil in the construction process, no vibration and noise, and is particularly suitable for construction in sections with dense building groups and narrow clearance; the seepage-proofing curtain formed by the cement mixing pile has the double functions of reinforcement and seepage proofing.
Detailed Description
Reference will now be made in detail to the embodiments of the present invention, wherein like or similar reference numerals refer to like or similar elements or elements having like or similar functions throughout. The following described embodiments are exemplary and are intended to be illustrative of the invention and are not to be construed as limiting the invention.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "center," "longitudinal," "lateral," "length," "width," "thickness," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "clockwise," "counterclockwise," and the like are used in the indicated orientation or positional relationship for convenience in describing and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element so referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus should not be construed as limiting the invention.
Furthermore, the terms "first", "second" and "first" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of the present invention, unless otherwise specified, "a plurality" means two or more unless explicitly defined otherwise.
In the present invention, unless otherwise expressly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," "secured," and the like are to be construed broadly and can, for example, be fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific situations by those of ordinary skill in the art.
In the present invention, unless otherwise expressly stated or limited, "above" or "below" a first feature means that the first and second features are in direct contact, or that the first and second features are not in direct contact but are in contact with each other via another feature therebetween. Also, the first feature being "on," "above" and "over" the second feature includes the first feature being directly on and obliquely above the second feature, or merely indicating that the first feature is at a higher level than the second feature. A first feature being "under," "below," and "beneath" a second feature includes the first feature being directly under and obliquely below the second feature, or simply meaning that the first feature is at a lesser elevation than the second feature.
Example 1
A soft clay foundation treatment method suitable for municipal road pipeline laying comprises the following steps:
firstly, determining the depth of a soft clay layer of a field to be treated according to survey data;
secondly, dividing the stratum of the site to be treated into three layers, wherein the shallowest layer is a filling layer with the thickness of about 800mm, the middle layer is a base layer with the thickness of about 800mm, and the deepest layer is a reinforcing layer;
thirdly, digging original soil in the filled soil layer, and reinforcing the reinforcement foundation along the pipeline to be laid by adopting a high-pressure jet grouting pile;
fourthly, constructing cement mixing piles on the reinforcing layer foundation on the two sides of the high-pressure jet grouting pile to form an anti-seepage curtain;
fifthly, arranging a sewage pipe pipeline on the reinforcing layer, arranging a rainwater pipe pipeline on the base layer, and arranging a part of rainwater pipe pipeline and a rainwater and sewage branch pipe pipeline on the filling layer;
and sixthly, performing pit slag and soil-included backfilling on the filling layer, and performing layered filling and tamping.
The construction method of the high-pressure jet grouting pile comprises the following steps: drilling a reinforcing layer by adopting a drill rod, carrying out rotary spraying by adopting a single-pipe method, spraying high-pressure cement slurry from a nozzle in the horizontal direction, and simultaneously rotating and lifting, wherein the reinforcing depth of the high-pressure rotary spraying pile is 10.0m, the diameter is 1000mm, and the interval is 700 mm.
And the rotating speed of the drill rod is 20r/min, the lifting speed of the drill rod is 15-30 cm/min, and the diameter of the nozzle is 0.3-1.0 m.
And the slurry pressure of the high-pressure cement slurry is 20-40 Mpa.
And the cement of the high-pressure cement paste is ordinary portland cement with the strength grade of more than 42.5, the water cement ratio is 1, and the density is 1.35-1.5 g/cm3。
Further, the diameter of the cement mixing pile is 0.5m, the length of the cement mixing pile is 10m, the circle center distance between adjacent cement mixing piles is 0.4m, and the cement mixing piles are meshed to form an anti-seepage curtain.
In addition, the maximum particle size of the slag is not more than 30cm, and the mud content is not more than 20%; the thickness of the first layer is not more than 500mm, and the thickness of each later layer is not more than 300 mm.
And each layer of backfill slag is rolled by a vibratory roller of 16t or more, and the vibratory roller is used for rolling for at least 6 times until no obvious wheel mark exists on the surface of the compacted body.
Further, the rolling speed of the vibratory roller is 2-4 km/h, the vibration frequency is 30Hz, and the rolling speed is higher than 1/4.
And after each layer of backfill slag is rolled and tamped, actually measuring the compactness not less than 90%.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, several modifications can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these modifications should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A soft clay foundation treatment method suitable for municipal road pipeline laying is characterized by comprising the following steps:
firstly, determining the depth of a soft clay layer of a field to be treated according to survey data;
secondly, dividing the stratum of the site to be treated into three layers, wherein the shallowest layer is a filling layer with the thickness of about 800mm, the middle layer is a base layer with the thickness of about 800mm, and the deepest layer is a strengthening layer;
thirdly, original soil is dug out of the soil filling layer, and a reinforcement layer foundation along the line where the pipeline needs to be laid is reinforced by adopting a high-pressure jet grouting pile;
fourthly, constructing cement mixing piles on the reinforcing layer foundation on the two sides of the high-pressure jet grouting pile to form an anti-seepage curtain;
fifthly, arranging a sewage pipe pipeline on the reinforcing layer, arranging a rainwater pipe pipeline on the base layer, and arranging a part of rainwater pipe pipeline and a rainwater and sewage branch pipe pipeline on the filling layer;
and sixthly, performing pit slag and soil inclusion backfilling on the filling layer, and filling and tamping in a layering manner.
2. The method for treating the soft clay foundation for municipal pipeline laying according to claim 1, wherein the method for constructing the high-pressure jet grouting pile comprises the following steps: drilling a reinforcing layer by adopting a drill rod, carrying out rotary spraying by adopting a single-pipe method, spraying high-pressure cement slurry from a nozzle in the horizontal direction, and simultaneously rotating and lifting, wherein the reinforcing depth of the high-pressure rotary spraying pile is 10.0m, the diameter is 1000mm, and the interval is 700 mm.
3. The soft clay foundation treatment method suitable for municipal road pipeline laying according to claim 2, wherein the rotation speed of the drill rod is 20r/min, the drill rod lifting speed is 15-30 cm/min, and the diameter of the nozzle is 0.3-1.0 m.
4. The method for treating the soft clay foundation for the municipal road pipeline laying according to claim 2, wherein the slurry pressure of the high-pressure cement slurry is 20-40 MPa.
5. The method for treating the soft clay foundation for municipal pipeline laying according to claim 2, wherein the cement in the high-pressure cement paste is ordinary portland cement with a strength grade of 42.5 or more, a water-cement ratio of 1, and a density of 1.35-1.5 g/cm3。
6. The method for treating the soft clay foundation suitable for municipal road pipeline laying according to claim 1, wherein the cement mixing piles are 0.5m in pile diameter, 10m in pile length and 0.4m in circle center distance between adjacent cement mixing piles, and are engaged to form an impervious curtain.
7. The method for treating the soft clay foundation suitable for municipal road pipeline laying according to claim 1, wherein the maximum particle size of the slag is not more than 30cm, and the mud content is not more than 20%; the thickness of the first layer is not more than 500mm, and the thickness of each later layer is not more than 300 mm.
8. The method for treating the soft clay foundation suitable for municipal pipeline laying according to claim 1, wherein each layer of backfilled slag is rolled by a vibratory roller of 16t or more, and the rolling is performed at least 6 times until no obvious wheel mark exists on the surface of the compacted body.
9. The soft clay foundation treatment method suitable for municipal road pipeline laying according to claim 8, wherein the rolling speed of the vibratory roller is 2-4 km/h, the vibration frequency is 30Hz, and the staggered wheels are above 1/4 in the rolling process.
10. The method for treating the soft clay foundation suitable for municipal road pipeline laying according to claim 8, wherein the actually measured compactness is not less than 90% after each layer of backfilled slag is rolled and tamped.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202210235824.1A CN114606932A (en) | 2022-03-11 | 2022-03-11 | Soft clay foundation treatment method suitable for municipal road pipeline laying |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202210235824.1A CN114606932A (en) | 2022-03-11 | 2022-03-11 | Soft clay foundation treatment method suitable for municipal road pipeline laying |
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| CN114606932A true CN114606932A (en) | 2022-06-10 |
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Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2379007A1 (en) * | 1977-01-26 | 1978-08-25 | Soletanche | Pipe laying system using mud filled trench - uses grout for connections between pipe sections after immersion, before mud hardens |
| CN106759384A (en) * | 2016-12-24 | 2017-05-31 | 中铁十八局集团有限公司 | A kind of method that use prefabricated pipeline base plate does Brace in Deep Footing Groove |
| CN107630500A (en) * | 2017-09-27 | 2018-01-26 | 广东景源建设工程有限公司 | A kind of water supply and drainage construction method |
| CN110306616A (en) * | 2019-08-02 | 2019-10-08 | 中交上海航道局有限公司 | A kind of construction method of sewage conduct |
| CN112064751A (en) * | 2020-08-08 | 2020-12-11 | 上海静安市政工程有限公司 | Deep groove construction method for drainage pipeline |
| CN112127226A (en) * | 2020-09-24 | 2020-12-25 | 周同和 | Construction method for filling soil in corrugated steel pipe culvert in road filling roadbed |
-
2022
- 2022-03-11 CN CN202210235824.1A patent/CN114606932A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2379007A1 (en) * | 1977-01-26 | 1978-08-25 | Soletanche | Pipe laying system using mud filled trench - uses grout for connections between pipe sections after immersion, before mud hardens |
| CN106759384A (en) * | 2016-12-24 | 2017-05-31 | 中铁十八局集团有限公司 | A kind of method that use prefabricated pipeline base plate does Brace in Deep Footing Groove |
| CN107630500A (en) * | 2017-09-27 | 2018-01-26 | 广东景源建设工程有限公司 | A kind of water supply and drainage construction method |
| CN110306616A (en) * | 2019-08-02 | 2019-10-08 | 中交上海航道局有限公司 | A kind of construction method of sewage conduct |
| CN112064751A (en) * | 2020-08-08 | 2020-12-11 | 上海静安市政工程有限公司 | Deep groove construction method for drainage pipeline |
| CN112127226A (en) * | 2020-09-24 | 2020-12-25 | 周同和 | Construction method for filling soil in corrugated steel pipe culvert in road filling roadbed |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| 上海市路政局: "《公路工程施工质量验收标准》", 吉林科学技术出版社, pages: 179 - 180 * |
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Application publication date: 20220610 |