CN114605111A - Collapsible concrete and design method thereof - Google Patents

Collapsible concrete and design method thereof Download PDF

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CN114605111A
CN114605111A CN202210300250.1A CN202210300250A CN114605111A CN 114605111 A CN114605111 A CN 114605111A CN 202210300250 A CN202210300250 A CN 202210300250A CN 114605111 A CN114605111 A CN 114605111A
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spherical hollow
concrete
aggregate
hollow aggregate
particle size
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CN114605111B (en
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左志武
毕玉峰
张宏超
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Shanghai Ketuo Construction Engineering Consulting Partnership LP
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B26/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing only organic binders, e.g. polymer or resin concrete
    • C04B26/02—Macromolecular compounds
    • C04B26/26—Bituminous materials, e.g. tar, pitch
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F30/00—Computer-aided design [CAD]
    • G06F30/10—Geometric CAD
    • G06F30/15—Vehicle, aircraft or watercraft design
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F30/00—Computer-aided design [CAD]
    • G06F30/20—Design optimisation, verification or simulation
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
    • Y02W30/91—Use of waste materials as fillers for mortars or concrete

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Abstract

The invention discloses a collapsible concrete and a design method thereof, and belongs to the field of traffic safety engineering. The collapsed concrete comprises spherical hollow aggregate, emulsified asphalt and cement, and the maximum sphere diameter D of spherical hollow aggregate particles is not more than 1/3 of the minimum width of the structure; the dosage of the emulsified asphalt is determined according to a film thickness method; the dosage of the cement is 0.8-3% of the mass of the spherical hollow aggregate. Compared with the prior art, the collapsible concrete has the advantages of large deformation and collapsible capability, good durability, low cost and good popularization and application values.

Description

Collapsible concrete and design method thereof
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of traffic safety engineering, and particularly provides a collapsible concrete and a design method thereof.
Background
Concrete is generally made of stone aggregate, sand, cement or asphalt and the like, has the advantages of firmness, durability, low price and the like, and is widely applied to various engineering fields. However, in the case of a traffic accident of collision, vehicles and people are often severely injured due to the fact that concrete materials are hard and weak in deformation capacity, and the collapsible concrete materials can absorb consumed collision energy through self deformation, so that collision damage is remarkably reduced, and the effect of 'car loss and commander' is achieved.
Under the other common traffic accident condition of brake failure and vehicle out of control, the accident vehicle often needs to drive into a road surface with sinking capability, and the driving resistance is obtained through large deformation sinking of the road surface, so that the soft and progressive deceleration effect is achieved, and the intensity of secondary damage is reduced to the maximum extent. The conventional road danger-avoiding lane adopts pebble materials to pave a speed-reducing road bed, but secondary damage accidents such as no deformation of vehicles after driving, excessive sinking amount and sudden stop often occur, and the speed-reducing function and effect cannot be achieved.
In order to deal with the accident that the airplane rushes out of the runway, the end of the runway extends to a relatively narrow safety area of dozens of meters, a soft soil area is paved outside the safety area, and the airplane is prevented from continuing to rush forward by adopting a soft soil collapse mode, but the sinking depth of the undercarriage of the airplane cannot be controlled by the soft soil collapse mode, so that very serious consequences are often caused. Therefore, the collapsible concrete can effectively limit the sinking depth and the sliding resistance, and can safely stop the out-of-control airplane.
Conventional concrete materials do not have large deformation and collapse capabilities and cannot be used for the engineering purposes. Other lightweight concrete materials such as porous concrete, foamed concrete, and lightweight concrete have low strength, but still do not have large deformation and collapse capabilities and have high surface hardness.
In summary, various concrete materials are widely applied to various engineering fields due to their excellent properties such as high compressive strength, hardness and durability, but do not have large deformation and collapsibility, so that the use in the traffic safety engineering field is limited to a certain extent.
At present, materials such as hydraulic machinery, section steel, engineering plastics and the like are widely used in the field of traffic safety for collision energy absorption. Although the materials can play a certain role in buffering and decelerating, the application scenes are greatly limited due to the problems of high manufacturing cost and poor durability.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a collapsible concrete with large deformation and collapsible capacity aiming at the defects of the prior art.
The invention further aims to provide a design method of the collapsible concrete.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows: the collapsible concrete comprises spherical hollow aggregate, emulsified asphalt and filler, wherein the maximum sphere diameter D of spherical hollow aggregate particles is not more than 1/3 of the minimum thickness of a structure; the dosage of the emulsified asphalt is determined according to a film thickness method; the amount of the filler is 1-2% of the mass of the spherical hollow aggregate, and the filler is cement or mineral powder.
The spherical hollow aggregate particles can be made of plastics or rubber, such as Polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), Styrene Butadiene Rubber (SBR) and the like, and generally adopt waste recycled plastics to reduce the cost.
The structure is a deceleration lane road surface, an escape lane deceleration roadbed, a highway and urban road anti-collision wall, an anti-collision guardrail, an anti-collision isolation pier, an end protruding part, an airport runway and taxiway end buffer zone and the like.
When the collapsible concrete is used for paving a deceleration road surface, the common maximum spherical diameter D of the deceleration road surface is 10-100 mm, preferably 10-50 mm.
Preferably, the spherical hollow aggregate may employ four particle size grades as shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 particle size grading of plastic hollow spherical particles
Grade of particle size Sphere diameter
Maximum particle size d1＝D
Secondary particle size d2＝0.4-0.43D
Tertiary particle size d3＝0.21-0.24D
Particle size of four grades d4＝0.16-0.19D
In order to construct the collapsible concrete with different compression grades or different voidages, the spherical hollow aggregate can be graded by adopting single particle size or multiple particle sizes, and the voidages which can be achieved by the grade ligand are shown in the table 2.
TABLE 2 proportions of the collapsed concrete
Grade of particle size Sphere diameter Achievable void fraction (%)
Single particle size grading d1 25.94
Two-stage particle size grading d1+d2 20.7
Tertiary particle size distribution d1+d2+d3 19
Four-stage particle size grading d1+d2+d3+d 15.8
When the spherical hollow aggregate is graded by four-grade particle size, the sphere diameter is d1、d2、d3、d4The mass ratio of the fourth grade aggregate particles is preferably (30-40): (25-35): 20-30): 5-15), more preferably (33-38): 28-33): 22-27): 7-12; particularly preferably 35:30:25: 10.
In the collapsible concrete, the emulsified asphalt is a cementing material, and cationic emulsified asphalt, anionic emulsified asphalt and nonionic emulsified asphalt can be used.
Preferably, the method for determining the dosage of the emulsified asphalt comprises the following steps:
a. calculating the total surface area of the spherical hollow aggregate;
b. and calculating the dosage of the emulsified asphalt according to the specific asphalt film thickness a, wherein a is 50-70 μm.
Preferably, the total surface area of the spherical hollow aggregate can be calculated according to the following empirical modification formula,
Figure BDA0003565372050000031
in the formula:
s is the total surface area of the spherical hollow aggregate in unit volume of the graded ligand and the unit m2；
m is the total mass of the spherical hollow aggregate in unit volume of the graded ligand, and unit kg;
rho is the density of the solid aggregate material, and the unit is kg/m3；
t is the wall thickness of the spherical hollow aggregate particles in mm.
Preferably, the amount of the emulsified asphalt can be determined according to the following formula,
Figure BDA0003565372050000041
in the formula:
r is the mass percentage of the emulsified asphalt and the spherical hollow aggregate, unit percent;
gamma is the specific gravity of the asphalt, and is generally between 1.02 and 1.04;
p is the solid content of the emulsified asphalt in unit percent.
In the collapsible concrete, cement or mineral powder is used as a filler. The cement can be used after meeting the technical standard requirements. The mass passing percentage of the 0.075mm sieve pores of the mineral powder is not less than 80%, and the maximum particle size is not more than 0.15 mm.
The design method of the collapsible concrete comprises the following steps:
s1, determining the aggregate proportion of the crumple concrete according to a sphere accumulation theory and a dense accumulation theory;
s2, determining the using amount of emulsified asphalt according to a film thickness method;
s3, calculating the using amount of the filler according to 1-2% of the mass of the spherical hollow aggregate;
s4, preparing the collapsed concrete test piece, measuring the CBR test value of the collapsed concrete test piece, comparing the CBR test value with a design target value, and returning to the step S1 to carry out design again if the CBR test value cannot reach or cannot approach the target value.
Preferably, the specific method of step S4:
the performance of the collapsed concrete was evaluated using the road soil test protocol (JTG E40) T0134 CBR test. When the performance is evaluated, firstly, the mixture is mixed according to the initial mixing proportion determined in the steps S1-S3, then a test piece is formed according to the CBR test requirement, and the bearing test is carried out after the test piece is cured for 48 hours, so that the CBR test value of the collapsed concrete is obtained.
And comparing the CBR test value with a design target value, if the CBR test value cannot reach or is close to the target value, adjusting the particle grading, recalculating the dosage of the emulsified asphalt, performing the CBR test again for performance evaluation, and continuously adjusting until the CBR test value meets the design target value.
Table 3 partial reference design target values
CBR value Critical condition for triggering collapse
<0.1～0.5 On which a person stands
<1～3 On which car tyres are driven
<3～7 On which small and medium-sized trucks run
<7 The medium and large trucks run on the track
<10 On which the aircraft wheels travel
Compared with the prior art, the crumple concrete and the design method thereof have the following outstanding beneficial effects:
the spherical hollow aggregate is adopted, so that the cost is low, the large-deformation collapsibility is realized, and the spherical hollow aggregate can be applied to various application scenes in the field of traffic safety engineering;
(II) the maximum sphere diameter D of the spherical hollow aggregate particles is not more than 1/3 of the minimum thickness of the structure, so that the uniformity of particle distribution can be ensured, and the uniformity, construction workability of the collapsed concrete are improved;
and thirdly, the collapsible concrete adopts a structure and a material which are similar to those of the asphalt concrete, the durability of the material and the structure is similar, and the service life of the collapsible concrete is relatively long and has good durability by referring to the design life of the asphalt concrete for 15 years.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further illustrated by the following examples, which are not to be construed as limiting the invention.
The first embodiment is as follows:
the collapsible concrete aggregate of the invention adopts plastic spherical hollow particles, and consists of particles with four granularity grades shown in Table 4.
TABLE 4 particle size grading of plastic hollow spherical particles
Grade of particle size Sphere diameter
1. Maximum particle size d1＝D
2. Secondary particle size d2＝0.414D
3. Tertiary particle size d3＝0.225D
4. Particle size of four grades d4＝0.177D
Wherein the maximum particle diameter d1Can be determined according to the size of the specific engineered structure, and generally does not exceed 1 ^ or greater than the minimum thickness of the structure3. The common maximum grain size of the deceleration road surface is 10-50 mm, and other grain sizes can be further determined according to the proportion of the grain sizes of all levels to the maximum grain size.
When 4-grade particle size grading is adopted, the collapse concrete with different voidage can be obtained by different maximum particle sizes, and the following table shows that:
TABLE 5 grading ligand void fraction test data
Figure BDA0003565372050000061
Example two:
the cation, anion and non-ionic emulsified asphalt which meets the technical requirements of JTG F40 technical Specification for road asphalt pavement construction in China can be used as the collapsible concrete cementing material.
Example three:
all cement meeting the GB175 technical standard of general portland cement or JTG F30 technical standard of road cement concrete pavement construction standard in China is used as the filler of the collapsible concrete.
Example four:
according to the proportioning design method provided by the invention, the crumple concrete is designed as follows:
1. the method comprises the following steps that a speed-reducing road bed intercepts a target vehicle type which is a large-medium truck, the thickness of the collapsed concrete road bed is determined to be not more than 1/2 of the diameter (height) of a wheel according to the diameter of the wheel, the design thickness of the road bed is 30cm, and the maximum particle size of spherical plastic hollow particles is not more than 1/3 of the thickness of the road bed, namely 100 mm; the four-stage particle size distribution in the aggregate is shown in table 6.
TABLE 6 particle size classes of hollow spherical plastic particles
Grade of particle size Sphere diameter
1. Maximum particle size d1＝100mm
2. Secondary particle size d2＝41.4mm
3. Tertiary particle size d3＝22.5mm
4. Particle size of four grades d4＝17.7mm
2. The plastic hollow spherical particles are made of waste recycled plastics, and the material density of a plastic solid body is 950kg/m3The wall thickness of the plastic ball is 1 mm;
3. considering that the pressure of the tires of the medium and large truck is generally 0.5-0.7 MPa, the design strength of the collapsed concrete is determined to be 5 when the CBR value is equal to 5;
4. according to the mixture ratio suggested by the invention, 4-grade particle size plastic hollow spheres shown in the table 7 are adopted to carry out grading trial preparation, and the unit volume mass of the plastic hollow spheres is measured to be 87kg/m through tests3；
TABLE 7 proportions of crumple concrete
Grade of particle size Particle size Mass percent (%)
1. Maximum particle size d1＝100mm 35
2. Secondary particle size d2＝41.4mm 30
3. Tertiary particle size d3＝22.5mm 25
4. Particle size of four grades d4＝17.7mm 10
5. According to the calculation method provided by the present invention, the total surface area of the particles is calculated, wherein: m is 87kg, rho is 950kg/m3T is 1mm, and substituting the following formula to calculate S-91.58 m2；
Figure BDA0003565372050000081
Figure BDA0003565372050000082
6. According to the calculation method provided by the invention, the using amount of the emulsified asphalt is determined according to the thickness of the asphalt film of 60 mu m, the specific gravity gamma of the asphalt is 1.02, the solid content p of the emulsified asphalt is 50%, and the mass percent R of the emulsified asphalt and the spherical plastic hollow particles is 12.88% by calculation;
Figure BDA0003565372050000083
Figure BDA0003565372050000084
7. the primary design of the collapsible concrete is as follows:
TABLE 8 preliminary design of the formulation of the crumple concrete
Grade of particle size Particle size Mass distribution (kg)
1. Maximum particle size d1＝100mm 35
2. Secondary particle size d2＝41.4mm 30
3. Tertiary particle size d3＝22.5mm 25
4. Particle size of four grades d4＝17.7mm 10
Emulsified asphalt 12.88
Cement 1
8. The mixture was mixed in the preliminary mixing ratio, test pieces were formed, and CBR load-bearing tests were carried out according to road soil test regulation (JTG E40) T0134. The measured CBR value of the crumple concrete is 6.1, which is higher than the designed target value CBR of 5, which may cause the situation that the vehicle can not crumple when rolling, therefore, the gradation is adjusted, the emulsified asphalt dosage is recalculated, and the improved design scheme shown in the table 9 is obtained:
TABLE 9 preliminary design of the formulation of the crumple concrete
Grade of particle size Particle size Mass distribution (kg)
1. Maximum particle size d1＝100mm 30
2. Secondary particle size d2＝41.4mm 30
3. Tertiary particle size d3＝22.5mm 30
4. Particle size of four grades d4＝17.7mm 10
Emulsified asphalt 10.5
Cement 1
And mixing the mixture according to the adjusted mixing proportion, forming a test piece, and carrying out a CBR bearing test. The measured CBR value of the crumpled concrete is 4.5 which is lower than the designed target value CBR which is 5, and the result shows that when a medium-large vehicle rolls the crumpled concrete road bed, crumple and dent occur, so that deceleration resistance is provided for the vehicle, and the design requirement is met, therefore, the adjusted scheme is determined to be the final design.
Example five:
the maximum particle size D of the collapsed concrete is determined according to the thickness H of the deceleration pavement, and the principle requirement is that H >3D, i.e. the thickness of the deceleration pavement (or deceleration layer) must be more than 3 times the maximum particle size.
The results of the design tests using the mixing ratios of 100 maximum particle diameter D, 50 maximum particle diameter D, and 30 maximum particle diameter D according to the method of the present invention were as follows:
table 10: test of D100 mm
Figure BDA0003565372050000101
Table 11: test of 50mm
Figure BDA0003565372050000111
Table 12: test of 30mm
Figure BDA0003565372050000121
The above-described embodiments are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention, and general changes and substitutions by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present invention are included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (8)

1. The collapsible concrete is characterized in that: comprises spherical hollow aggregate, emulsified asphalt and filler,
the maximum sphere diameter D of the spherical hollow aggregate particles is not more than 1/3 of the minimum width of the structure;
the dosage of the emulsified asphalt is determined according to a film thickness method;
the amount of the filler is 1-2% of the mass of the spherical hollow aggregate, and the filler is cement or mineral powder.
2. The crumple concrete of claim 1, wherein: the maximum sphere diameter D of the spherical hollow aggregate particles is 10 mm-100 mm.
3. The crumple concrete of claim 1, wherein:
the spherical hollow aggregate adopts single particle size grading, and the sphere diameter d thereof1＝D；
Alternatively, the first and second electrodes may be,
the spherical hollow aggregate adopts two-stage particle size grading, and the sphere diameter d thereof1＝D、d2＝0.4-0.43D；
Alternatively, the first and second electrodes may be,
the spherical hollow aggregate adopts three-level grain size grading, and the sphere diameter d thereof1＝D、d2＝0.4-0.43D、d3＝0.21-0.24D；
Alternatively, the first and second electrodes may be,
the spherical hollow aggregate adopts four-level particle size grading, and the sphere diameter d of the spherical hollow aggregate1＝D；d2＝0.4-0.43D；d3＝0.21-0.24D；d4＝0.16-0.19D。
4. The collapsing concrete of claim 1, wherein: the spherical hollow aggregate is graded by four-grade particle size, and the sphere diameter is d1、d2、d3、d4The mass ratio of the fourth grade aggregate particles is (30-40): (25-35): (20-30): (5-15).
5. The crumple concrete of claim 1, wherein: the determination of the dosage of the emulsified asphalt comprises the following steps:
calculating the total surface area of the spherical hollow aggregate;
the dosage of the emulsified asphalt is calculated according to the specific asphalt film thickness a, and a is 50-70 μm.
6. The crumple concrete of claim 5, wherein: the total surface area of the spherical hollow aggregate was calculated according to the following empirical modification formula,
Figure FDA0003565372040000021
in the formula:
s is the total surface area of the spherical hollow aggregate in unit volume of the graded ligand and the unit m2；
m is the total mass of the spherical hollow aggregate of unit volume of the graded ligand, unit kg;
rho is the density of the solid aggregate material, and the unit is kg/m3；
t is the wall thickness of the spherical hollow aggregate particles in mm.
7. The crumple concrete of claim 5, wherein: the amount of emulsified asphalt was determined according to the following formula,
Figure FDA0003565372040000022
in the formula:
r is the mass percentage of the emulsified asphalt and the spherical hollow aggregate, unit percent;
gamma is the specific gravity of the asphalt, and is generally between 1.02 and 1.04;
p is the solid content of the emulsified asphalt in unit percent.
8. The method for designing the collapsible concrete is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
s1, determining the aggregate proportion of the crumple concrete according to a sphere accumulation theory and a dense accumulation theory;
s2, determining the using amount of emulsified asphalt according to a film thickness method;
s3, calculating the using amount of the filler according to 1-2% of the mass of the spherical hollow aggregate;
s4, preparing the collapsed concrete test piece, measuring the CBR test value of the collapsed concrete test piece, comparing the CBR test value with a design target value, and returning to the step S1 to carry out design again if the CBR test value cannot reach or cannot approach the target value.
CN202210300250.1A 2022-03-25 2022-03-25 Crumple concrete and design method thereof Active CN114605111B (en)

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Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CH404197A (en) * 1959-07-25 1965-12-15 Bataafsche Petroleum Mixture containing mineral aggregate and asphalt bitumen for the manufacture of shaped articles, in particular hollow shaped articles
JP2000001383A (en) * 1998-06-10 2000-01-07 Kimio Nibuyama Shock absorbing asphalt paving material
CN104844092A (en) * 2015-05-18 2015-08-19 陈素素 Road design method and mixing method
CN106951721A (en) * 2017-04-14 2017-07-14 广州大学 A kind of thick-layer paves the big space Emulsified Asphalt Mixture of cold mixing and its method for designing
CN107188459A (en) * 2017-04-25 2017-09-22 华北水利水电大学 A kind of deicing, antiskid, the preparation method of noise-reduction asphalt road surface material
CN108298875A (en) * 2018-05-02 2018-07-20 金陵科技学院 A kind of bituminous concrete and preparation method thereof
CN209043783U (en) * 2018-09-18 2019-06-28 贵州理工学院 A kind of asphalt and aggregate bonding strength test spindle

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CH404197A (en) * 1959-07-25 1965-12-15 Bataafsche Petroleum Mixture containing mineral aggregate and asphalt bitumen for the manufacture of shaped articles, in particular hollow shaped articles
JP2000001383A (en) * 1998-06-10 2000-01-07 Kimio Nibuyama Shock absorbing asphalt paving material
CN104844092A (en) * 2015-05-18 2015-08-19 陈素素 Road design method and mixing method
CN106951721A (en) * 2017-04-14 2017-07-14 广州大学 A kind of thick-layer paves the big space Emulsified Asphalt Mixture of cold mixing and its method for designing
CN107188459A (en) * 2017-04-25 2017-09-22 华北水利水电大学 A kind of deicing, antiskid, the preparation method of noise-reduction asphalt road surface material
CN108298875A (en) * 2018-05-02 2018-07-20 金陵科技学院 A kind of bituminous concrete and preparation method thereof
CN209043783U (en) * 2018-09-18 2019-06-28 贵州理工学院 A kind of asphalt and aggregate bonding strength test spindle

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