CN114601066A - Anti-diarrhea pig creep feed and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Anti-diarrhea pig creep feed and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN114601066A CN114601066A CN202210327196.XA CN202210327196A CN114601066A CN 114601066 A CN114601066 A CN 114601066A CN 202210327196 A CN202210327196 A CN 202210327196A CN 114601066 A CN114601066 A CN 114601066A
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- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- 230000001142 anti-diarrhea Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- RQFQJYYMBWVMQG-IXDPLRRUSA-N chitotriose Chemical compound O[C@@H]1[C@@H](N)[C@H](O)O[C@H](CO)[C@H]1O[C@H]1[C@H](N)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O[C@H]2[C@@H]([C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O2)N)[C@@H](CO)O1 RQFQJYYMBWVMQG-IXDPLRRUSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 241000194032 Enterococcus faecalis Species 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 235000019733 Fish meal Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- FFEARJCKVFRZRR-BYPYZUCNSA-N L-methionine Chemical compound CSCC[C@H](N)C(O)=O FFEARJCKVFRZRR-BYPYZUCNSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 10
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- 239000004472 Lysine Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
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- SURQXAFEQWPFPV-UHFFFAOYSA-L iron(2+) sulfate heptahydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.O.O.O.O.[Fe+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O SURQXAFEQWPFPV-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000011812 mixed powder Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000004108 freeze drying Methods 0.000 claims description 17
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- ZCCIPPOKBCJFDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium nitrate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O ZCCIPPOKBCJFDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
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- 108010059892 Cellulase Proteins 0.000 claims description 8
- 101710121765 Endo-1,4-beta-xylanase Proteins 0.000 claims description 8
- SXRSQZLOMIGNAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glutaraldehyde Chemical compound O=CCCCC=O SXRSQZLOMIGNAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 229940106157 cellulase Drugs 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910000033 sodium borohydride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
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- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[Ca+2] BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000292 calcium oxide Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Inorganic materials [Ca]=O ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000017557 sodium bicarbonate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910000030 sodium bicarbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
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- IMQLKJBTEOYOSI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phytic acid Natural products OP(O)(=O)OC1C(OP(O)(O)=O)C(OP(O)(O)=O)C(OP(O)(O)=O)C(OP(O)(O)=O)C1OP(O)(O)=O IMQLKJBTEOYOSI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000002671 adjuvant Substances 0.000 description 3
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- 239000001648 tannin Substances 0.000 description 3
- BHPQYMZQTOCNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium cation Chemical compound [Ca+2] BHPQYMZQTOCNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 208000003643 Callosities Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 2
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- 206010020649 Hyperkeratosis Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 230000000433 anti-nutritional effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910001424 calcium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000001079 digestive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
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- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 241000228417 Sarocladium strictum Species 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/20—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin
- A23K10/22—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin from fish
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/10—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes
- A23K10/12—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes by fermentation of natural products, e.g. of vegetable material, animal waste material or biomass
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/10—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes
- A23K10/14—Pretreatment of feeding-stuffs with enzymes
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/10—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes
- A23K10/16—Addition of microorganisms or extracts thereof, e.g. single-cell proteins, to feeding-stuff compositions
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/20—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
- A23K10/37—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms from waste material
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/142—Amino acids; Derivatives thereof
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/158—Fatty acids; Fats; Products containing oils or fats
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/163—Sugars; Polysaccharides
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/189—Enzymes
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K40/00—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K40/10—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs by agglomeration; by granulation, e.g. making powders
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/30—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for swines
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/60—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for weanlings
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L5/00—Preparation or treatment of foods or foodstuffs, in general; Food or foodstuffs obtained thereby; Materials therefor
- A23L5/20—Removal of unwanted matter, e.g. deodorisation or detoxification
- A23L5/27—Removal of unwanted matter, e.g. deodorisation or detoxification by chemical treatment, by adsorption or by absorption
- A23L5/276—Treatment with inorganic compounds
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/80—Food processing, e.g. use of renewable energies or variable speed drives in handling, conveying or stacking
- Y02P60/87—Re-use of by-products of food processing for fodder production
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of animal feed, in particular to a diarrhea-preventing pig creep feed and a preparation method thereof, wherein the creep feed comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 55-80 parts of pretreatment materials, 4-6 parts of fish meal, 5-10 parts of milk powder, 3-5 parts of soybean oil, 0.1-0.5 part of acremonium terricola culture, 0.6-0.8 part of lysine, 0.6-0.8 part of methionine, 0.5-1 part of enterococcus faecalis, 5-10 parts of chitosan oligosaccharide and 0.1-0.3 part of salt. The anti-diarrhea creep feed for pigs, provided by the invention, takes the pretreatment feed as a raw material, can improve the palatability of piglets, is more favorable for nutrition absorption, and promotes the development of digestive organs of piglets.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of animal feed, in particular to a diarrhea-preventing pig creep feed and a preparation method thereof.
Background
At present, the pig raising industry in China faces the problems of low production efficiency, high breeding cost, high death rate and the like. In modern large-scale breeding, in order to improve breeding benefits, a method for advancing the weaning day age of piglets is generally adopted to improve the productivity of sows, but as for individual piglets, the digestive function of the piglets is not sound from birth to weaning, so weaning stress appears after the piglets are weaned, the small intestines of the piglets are changed in shape and function, such as villus atrophy and crypt hyperplasia, the digestive and absorptive capacity is reduced, the appetite of the piglets is reduced, the continuous diarrhea is caused, the growth of the piglets is hindered, even the piglets die, and the like, and in order to reduce the stress reaction generated in the early weaning of the piglets, the piglets are educated from the age of 7 days in a breeding farm.
At present, three common creep feed types are respectively liquid creep feed, particle creep feed and powder creep feed, but the three creep feed types have defects in actual production, weaned piglets are transited from breast milk to dry feed, and the intestinal tract can not completely digest and absorb the complex nutrient substances in the feed based on plant raw materials.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the invention aims to provide a diarrhea-preventing creep feed for pigs and a preparation method thereof.
The invention solves the technical problems by the following technical means:
the anti-diarrhea creep feed for pigs comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 55-80 parts of pretreatment materials, 4-6 parts of fish meal, 5-10 parts of milk powder, 3-5 parts of soybean oil, 0.1-0.5 part of acremonium terricola culture, 0.6-0.8 part of lysine, 0.6-0.8 part of methionine, 0.5-1 part of enterococcus faecalis, 5-10 parts of chitosan oligosaccharide and 0.1-0.3 part of salt.
Further, the creep feed comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 60 parts of pretreatment materials, 5 parts of fish meal, 6 parts of milk powder, 4 parts of soybean oil, 0.1 part of acremonium terricola culture, 0.6 part of lysine, 0.6 part of methionine, 0.8 part of enterococcus faecalis, 6 parts of chitosan oligomer and 0.2 part of salt.
Further, the pretreatment material comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 40-60 parts of corn, 20-30 parts of soybean, 5-10 parts of soybean meal and 1-5 parts of wheat bran.
Further, the pretreatment material comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 50 parts of corn, 25 parts of soybean, 8 parts of soybean meal and 2 parts of wheat bran.
The invention also discloses a preparation method of the anti-diarrhea pig creep feed, which specifically comprises the following steps:
s1: weighing chitosan oligosaccharide, adding into water, heating to 40-50 deg.C, maintaining the temperature, stirring, and dissolving to obtain chitosan solution;
s2: adding fish meal into the pretreated material, stirring and mixing uniformly, spraying a chitosan solution intermittently until the water content of the mixture is increased to 18-20%, adding milk powder, soybean oil, an acremonium terricola culture, lysine, methionine, enterococcus faecalis and salt, stirring and mixing uniformly, adding the chitosan solution again, adjusting the water content of the material to 23-25%, standing for 6-8h, and granulating to obtain the creep feed.
Further, the preparation method of the pretreatment material comprises the following steps:
a1: respectively taking corn, soybean meal and wheat bran, uniformly stirring, adding a sodium bicarbonate aqueous solution, soaking for 12-24h, filtering to obtain filtrate and filter residue, washing the filter residue to be neutral, freeze-drying, placing in a bulking machine, carrying out variable-temperature differential pressure bulking treatment, cooling to room temperature, carrying out secondary freeze-drying until the water content is less than 5%, and grinding into powder by using a mortar to obtain mixed powder;
a2: adding auxiliary agent particles into the mixed powder, stirring and uniformly mixing, then placing the mixed powder into a fermentation kettle, adding cellulase and xylanase, stirring and uniformly mixing, heating to 45-55 ℃, preserving heat for 48-72 hours, introducing air every 6-12 hours during the heat preservation period, separating the auxiliary agent particles after the fermentation is finished, and performing filter pressing to obtain a solid and drying to obtain the pretreatment material.
During pretreatment, the raw material is treated by the sodium bicarbonate aqueous solution, so that part of lignin can be removed firstly, cellulose is exposed, and then the raw material is subjected to variable-temperature differential pressure puffing treatment, so that the cellulose, hemicellulose and the like can be fully puffed to a certain extent, the subsequent enzyme treatment step is facilitated, and the absorption efficiency of the pretreated material is further improved.
Further, the variable-temperature differential-pressure puffing treatment specifically comprises the following steps: placing the filter residue after freeze drying in a bulking machine, heating the filter residue to 220 ℃ with steam, preserving the heat for 5-10min, and instantly releasing the pressure until the pressure in the bulking machine is reduced to 250pa of 150 ℃, and keeping the temperature at 75-80 ℃ for 1-2 h.
Furthermore, the auxiliary agent particles are prepared by taking iron-doped activated carbon particles as a carrier, loading nano calcium oxide on the carrier and then wrapping a gelatin protective layer, wherein the gelatin protective layer is of a honeycomb porous structure.
The auxiliary agent particles in the invention load nano calcium oxide on the active carbon to form an alkaline catalytic auxiliary agent, on one hand, the alkaline auxiliary agent can be beneficial to the degradation of residual lignin and cellulose in the raw materials, meanwhile, the calcium oxide can also provide calcium ions, the calcium ions can form a complex with anti-nutritional factors such as tannin, phytic acid and the like in the fermentation product, and the complex can be effectively removed by combining the adsorption performance of the active carbon, while the iron is doped, the auxiliary agent particles can be conveniently recycled, meanwhile, the complexing effect of the auxiliary agent particles on the tannin and the phytic acid can be improved to a certain degree, on the other hand, a gelatin protective layer coated outside the carrier can limit the nano calcium oxide compounded inside to prevent the nano calcium oxide from falling off in the using and storing processes, on the other hand, a certain isolation effect can be achieved to prevent the fermentation product from being influenced by the auxiliary agent particles, and the porous structure ensures the full contact between the auxiliary agent particles and the fermentation product to a certain extent.
Further, the preparation method of the auxiliary agent particles specifically comprises the following steps:
preparation of the carrier: adding ferrous sulfate heptahydrate into deionized water, stirring and dissolving to obtain a ferrous sulfate solution, weighing activated carbon, adding the activated carbon into the ferrous sulfate solution, ultrasonically mixing uniformly, standing and adsorbing for 2-3h, then dropwise adding a saturated sodium borohydride solution under the nitrogen atmosphere, after dropwise adding, performing heat preservation reaction for 1h in a shaking table, after the reaction is finished, filtering, and washing a filter cake with absolute ethyl alcohol to obtain iron-doped activated carbon particles, namely carrier particles;
loading: ultrasonically cleaning the prepared carrier particles, drying, stirring and dispersing the carrier particles in a calcium nitrate solution, oscillating and adsorbing until the carrier particles are saturated, filtering, drying a filter cake, putting the dried filter cake into a tubular furnace, heating to 600-650 ℃ in a nitrogen atmosphere, and calcining to obtain composite particles;
coating: weighing gelatin, adding the gelatin into deionized water, stirring and dissolving, adding a glutaraldehyde solution, immediately spraying and coating the surface of the composite particles, repeatedly spraying for 2-3 times, standing for 4-6h for solidification, pre-freezing at the temperature of-15 to-10 ℃, and freeze-drying at the temperature of-45 to-40 ℃ to obtain the auxiliary agent particles.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) according to the anti-diarrhea creep feed for pigs, the raw materials of the plant source are pretreated to obtain the pretreated feed, the palatability of piglets can be improved, the nutrient absorption is facilitated, and meanwhile, the added oligochitosan has a good antibacterial effect while the feeding attraction of the creep feed is improved, the digestive organ development of the piglets can be promoted, and the immunity of the piglets is facilitated.
(2) According to the preparation method of the anti-diarrhea creep feed for pigs, disclosed by the invention, the variable-temperature differential-pressure puffing treatment is firstly carried out on the plant-source corns, soybeans and the like, so that the cellulose, hemicellulose and other substances in the plant-source corns, soybeans and the like can be favorably puffed, the digestion is easier, the absorption efficiency of the creep feed can be further enhanced through the fermentation treatment, meanwhile, by combining the use of the auxiliary agent particles, part of anti-nutritional factors such as tannin, phytic acid and the like can be removed to a certain extent, the piglet can be more suitable for eating, and the eating quantity of the piglet is increased.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to specific examples below:
example one
Preparation of adjuvant particles
Preparation of the carrier: adding ferrous sulfate heptahydrate into deionized water, stirring and dissolving to obtain a ferrous sulfate solution with the concentration of 25g/L, weighing activated carbon according to the mass ratio of Fe to C of 1:2, adding the activated carbon into the ferrous sulfate solution, ultrasonically mixing uniformly, standing and adsorbing for 2h, introducing nitrogen, dropwise adding a saturated sodium borohydride solution under the nitrogen atmosphere, keeping the molar ratio of sodium borohydride to ferrous sulfate at 1.2:1, reacting for 1h in a shaking table at the rotation speed of 150rpm, filtering after the reaction is finished, and washing a filter cake with absolute ethyl alcohol to obtain iron-doped activated carbon particles, namely carrier particles.
Loading: ultrasonically cleaning the prepared carrier particles, drying, stirring and dispersing the carrier particles into 15 wt% calcium nitrate solution according to the solid-to-liquid ratio of 35g/100mL, oscillating and adsorbing until the carrier particles are saturated, filtering, drying a filter cake, putting the dried filter cake into a tubular furnace, heating the filter cake to 600 ℃ in a nitrogen atmosphere, and calcining the filter cake for 4 hours to obtain composite particles;
coating: weighing gelatin, adding the gelatin into deionized water with the mass 15 times that of the gelatin, stirring and dissolving, adding glutaraldehyde solution with the mass of 25 wt% of that of the gelatin 2%, stirring and uniformly mixing, immediately spraying and coating the glutaraldehyde solution on the surface of composite particles, wherein the mass ratio of the composite particles to the gelatin is 10:0.5, repeatedly spraying for 2-3 times, standing for 4 hours for solidification, pre-freezing at the temperature of-15 to-10 ℃, and freeze-drying at the temperature of-45 to-40 ℃ to obtain the auxiliary agent particles.
Preparation of pretreatment Material
A1: respectively taking 50 parts of corn, 25 parts of soybean, 8 parts of soybean meal and 2 parts of wheat bran, uniformly stirring, adding 1mol/L of sodium bicarbonate aqueous solution with the mass 10 times of that of the mixture, soaking for 12 hours, filtering to obtain filtrate and filter residue, washing the filter residue to be neutral, freeze-drying, putting into a bulking machine, heating by steam to 220 ℃, preserving heat for 5 minutes, instantly releasing pressure, cooling to room temperature after treatment, performing secondary freeze-drying until the water content is less than 5%, and grinding by using a mortar to obtain mixed powder;
a2: adding auxiliary agent particles with the mass of 0.1 time of the mixture into the mixed powder, stirring and uniformly mixing, then placing the mixed powder into a reaction kettle, adding cellulase and xylanase, wherein the mass ratio of the mixed powder to the cellulase to the xylanase is 1:0.1:0.1, stirring and heating to 55 ℃, keeping the temperature for 50 hours, introducing air every 12 hours during the heat preservation period, separating the auxiliary agent particles after fermentation is completed, and performing filter pressing to obtain a solid and drying the solid to obtain the pretreatment material.
Preparation of creep feed
S1: weighing 6 parts of chitosan oligosaccharide, adding the chitosan oligosaccharide into water, heating to 45 ℃, preserving heat, stirring and dissolving to obtain a chitosan solution with the mass concentration of 10%;
s2: taking 60 parts of pretreatment material, adding 5 parts of fish meal, stirring and mixing uniformly, spraying a chitosan solution intermittently until the water content of the mixture is increased to 18-20%, adding 6 parts of milk powder, 4 parts of soybean oil, 0.1 part of acremonium terricola culture, 0.6 part of lysine, 0.6 part of methionine, 0.8 part of enterococcus faecalis and 0.2 part of salt, stirring and mixing uniformly, adding the chitosan solution again, adjusting the water content of the material to 23-25%, standing for 7h, and granulating to obtain the creep feed.
Example two
Preparation of adjuvant particles
Preparation of the carrier: adding ferrous sulfate heptahydrate into deionized water, stirring and dissolving to obtain a ferrous sulfate solution with the concentration of 25g/L, weighing activated carbon according to the mass ratio of Fe to C of 1:2, adding the activated carbon into the ferrous sulfate solution, ultrasonically mixing uniformly, standing and adsorbing for 1h, then introducing nitrogen, dropwise adding a saturated sodium borohydride solution under the nitrogen atmosphere, wherein the molar ratio of sodium borohydride to ferrous sulfate is 1.2:1, after dropwise adding, performing heat preservation reaction for 1h in a shaking table at the rotating speed of 150rpm, after the reaction is finished, filtering, and washing a filter cake with absolute ethyl alcohol to obtain iron-doped activated carbon particles, namely carrier particles.
Loading: ultrasonically cleaning the prepared carrier particles, drying, stirring and dispersing the carrier particles in a 20 wt% calcium nitrate solution according to a solid-to-liquid ratio of 40g/100mL, oscillating and adsorbing until the carrier particles are saturated, filtering, drying a filter cake, putting the dried filter cake into a tubular furnace, heating the filter cake to 620 ℃ in a nitrogen atmosphere, and calcining the filter cake for 4 hours to obtain composite particles;
coating: weighing gelatin, adding the gelatin into deionized water with the mass being 18 times that of the gelatin, stirring and dissolving, adding glutaraldehyde solution with the mass being 20 wt% of that of the gelatin and 1.5%, stirring and uniformly mixing, immediately spraying and coating the glutaraldehyde solution on the surface of composite particles, wherein the mass ratio of the composite particles to the gelatin is 10:0.5, repeatedly spraying for 2-3 times, standing for 6 hours for solidification, pre-freezing at the temperature of-15 to-10 ℃, and freeze-drying at the temperature of-45 to-40 ℃ to obtain the auxiliary agent particles.
Preparation of pretreatment Material
A1: respectively taking 40 parts of corn, 30 parts of soybean, 10 parts of soybean meal and 5 parts of wheat bran, uniformly stirring, adding 1mol/L of sodium bicarbonate aqueous solution with the mass 10 times of that of the mixture, soaking for 20 hours, filtering to obtain filtrate and filter residue, washing the filter residue to be neutral, freeze-drying, placing in a bulking machine, heating by steam to 210 ℃, preserving heat for 10 minutes, instantly releasing pressure, cooling to room temperature, performing secondary freeze-drying until the water content is less than 5%, grinding by using a mortar to obtain mixed powder;
a2: adding auxiliary agent particles with the mass of 0.1 time of the mixture into the mixed powder, stirring and uniformly mixing, then placing the mixed powder into a reaction kettle, adding cellulase and xylanase, wherein the mass ratio of the mixed powder to the cellulase to the xylanase is 1:0.15:0.1, stirring and heating to 65 ℃, preserving heat for 48 hours, introducing air every 10 hours during the heat preservation period, separating the auxiliary agent particles after fermentation is completed, and performing filter pressing to obtain a solid and drying to obtain a pretreated material.
Preparation of creep feed
S1: weighing 5 parts of chitosan oligosaccharide, adding the chitosan oligosaccharide into water, heating to 40 ℃, preserving heat, stirring and dissolving to obtain a chitosan solution with the mass concentration of 10%;
s2: taking 55 parts of pretreatment material, adding 6 parts of fish meal, stirring and mixing uniformly, spraying a chitosan solution intermittently until the water content of the mixture is increased to 18-20%, adding 5 parts of milk powder, 3 parts of soybean oil, 0.5 part of acremonium strictum culture, 0.7 part of lysine, 0.7 part of methionine, 1 part of enterococcus faecalis and 0.3 part of salt, stirring and mixing uniformly, adding the chitosan solution again, adjusting the water content of the material to 23-25%, standing for 6h, and granulating to obtain the creep feed.
EXAMPLE III
Preparation of adjuvant particles
Preparation of the carrier: adding ferrous sulfate heptahydrate into deionized water, stirring and dissolving to obtain a ferrous sulfate solution with the concentration of 25g/L, weighing activated carbon according to the mass ratio of Fe to C of 1:2, adding the activated carbon into the ferrous sulfate solution, ultrasonically mixing uniformly, standing and adsorbing for 1h, then introducing nitrogen, dropwise adding a saturated sodium borohydride solution under the nitrogen atmosphere, wherein the molar ratio of sodium borohydride to ferrous sulfate is 1.2:1, after dropwise adding, performing heat preservation reaction for 1h in a shaking table at the rotating speed of 150rpm, after the reaction is finished, filtering, and washing a filter cake with absolute ethyl alcohol to obtain iron-doped activated carbon particles, namely carrier particles.
Loading: ultrasonically cleaning the prepared carrier particles, drying, stirring and dispersing the carrier particles in a 20 wt% calcium nitrate solution at a solid-to-liquid ratio of 30g/100mL, oscillating and adsorbing until the carrier particles are saturated, filtering, drying a filter cake, putting the dried filter cake into a tubular furnace, heating the filter cake to 650 ℃ in a nitrogen atmosphere, and calcining the filter cake for 4 hours to obtain composite particles;
coating: weighing gelatin, adding the gelatin into deionized water with the mass being 12 times of that of the gelatin, stirring and dissolving, adding glutaraldehyde solution with the mass being 22 wt% of that of the gelatin and stirring and dissolving uniformly, spraying and coating the glutaraldehyde solution on the surface of composite particles immediately after stirring and mixing uniformly, wherein the mass ratio of the composite particles to the gelatin is 10:0.5, spraying for 2-3 times repeatedly, standing for 5 hours for solidification, pre-freezing at the temperature of-15 to-10 ℃, and freeze-drying at the temperature of-45 to-40 ℃ to obtain auxiliary agent particles
Preparation of pretreatment Material
A1: respectively taking 60 parts of corn, 20 parts of soybean, 5 parts of soybean meal and 1 part of wheat bran, uniformly stirring, adding 1mol/L of sodium bicarbonate aqueous solution with the mass 10 times of that of the mixture, soaking for 24 hours, filtering to obtain filtrate and filter residue, washing the filter residue to be neutral, freeze-drying, placing in a bulking machine, heating steam to 215 ℃, preserving heat for 8 minutes, instantly releasing pressure, cooling to room temperature after treatment, performing secondary freeze-drying until the water content is less than 5%, and grinding by using a mortar to obtain mixed powder;
a2: adding auxiliary agent particles with the mass 0.12 time that of the mixture into the mixed powder, stirring and uniformly mixing, then placing the mixed powder into a reaction kettle, adding cellulase and xylanase, wherein the mass ratio of the mixed powder to the cellulase to the xylanase is 1:0.2:0.1, stirring and heating to 45 ℃, keeping the temperature for 72 hours, introducing air every 6 hours during the heat preservation period, separating the auxiliary agent particles after fermentation is completed, and performing filter pressing to obtain a solid and drying the solid to obtain the pretreatment material.
Preparation of creep feed
S1: weighing 10 parts of chitosan oligosaccharide, adding the chitosan oligosaccharide into water, heating to 50 ℃, preserving heat, stirring and dissolving to obtain a chitosan solution with the mass concentration of 10%;
s2: taking 80 parts of pretreatment material, adding 4 parts of fish meal, stirring and mixing uniformly, spraying a chitosan solution intermittently until the water content of the mixture is increased to 18-20%, adding 10 parts of milk powder, 5 parts of soybean oil, 0.3 part of acremonium terricola culture, 0.8 part of lysine, 0.8 part of methionine, 0.5 part of enterococcus faecalis and 0.1 part of salt, stirring and mixing uniformly, adding the chitosan solution again, adjusting the water content of the material to 23-25%, standing for 8h, and granulating to obtain the creep feed.
Test of
Test animals and daily ration:
selecting 20 litters of healthy suckling piglets with the age of 10-25 days, the same age of days and similar birth weight, randomly dividing the piglets into 4 groups, and dividing each group into 5 litters, wherein each litter comprises 10 piglets, 1-3 groups of the piglets are respectively fed with the creep feed of the first to third embodiments of the invention, and the fourth group of the piglets is fed with the creep feed of common commercial suckling piglets.
Test procedure:
feeding the creep feed from the 10 th day after the piglets are delivered for 16 days in total, and finishing at the age of 26 days. The feeding, management and treatment of the sows are carried out according to the prescribed procedures of a pig farm.
The weight of the piglets is weighed at the beginning and the end of the experiment, during the feeding period, the piglets are fed and drunk freely, the feeding method follows the principle of adding a small amount of food frequently, keeping freshness, feeding in a trough and reducing waste. Feeding 4 times daily at 8: 00 in the morning, 11: 30 in the noon, 3: 00 in the afternoon and 6: 30 in the evening, observing growth status and diarrhea, and collecting the rest material 7:00 the next day.
And (3) observing the health condition of the piglets in the whole test process, recording the feed intake and the number of diarrhea heads, and calculating to obtain the diarrhea rate:
the diarrhea rate is [ total diarrhea frequency of each group/(total piglet number of each group × test day) ] × 100%
The test results are shown in table 1:
TABLE 1 feeding results of four different creep feeds
| Treatment of | Average feed intake/g | Rate of diarrhea/%) | Increase body weight/Kg |
| Example one | 459.21 | 1.16 | 4.96 |
| Example two | 428.49 | 0.99 | 4.02 |
| EXAMPLE III | 50136 | 1.05 | 4.27 |
| Control group | 363.47 | 2.03 | 3.36 |
As can be seen from the data in Table 1, the feed intake of the piglets fed by the creep feed is obviously higher than that of the control group, and the diarrhea rate is obviously lower than that of the control group, which shows that the piglets have higher preference to the creep feed and better diarrhea resistance, and the piglets fed by the creep feed have more weight gain after the same feeding, thereby proving that the creep feed has better nutrient absorption rate and can better promote the growth and development of the piglets.
Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes may be made and equivalents may be substituted without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims. The techniques, shapes, and configurations not described in detail in the present invention are all known techniques.
Claims (9)
1. The anti-diarrhea creep feed for pigs is characterized by comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight: 55-80 parts of pretreatment materials, 4-6 parts of fish meal, 5-10 parts of milk powder, 3-5 parts of soybean oil, 0.1-0.5 part of acremonium terricola culture, 0.6-0.8 part of lysine, 0.6-0.8 part of methionine, 0.5-1 part of enterococcus faecalis, 5-10 parts of chitosan oligosaccharide and 0.1-0.3 part of salt.
2. The anti-diarrhea pig creep feed according to claim 1, wherein the creep feed comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 60 parts of pretreatment materials, 5 parts of fish meal, 6 parts of milk powder, 4 parts of soybean oil, 0.1 part of acremonium terricola culture, 0.6 part of lysine, 0.6 part of methionine, 0.8 part of enterococcus faecalis, 6 parts of chitosan oligomer and 0.2 part of salt.
3. The anti-diarrhea pig creep feed according to claim 2, wherein the pretreatment feed comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 40-60 parts of corn, 20-30 parts of soybean, 5-10 parts of soybean meal and 1-5 parts of wheat bran.
4. The anti-diarrhea pig creep feed according to claim 3, wherein the pretreatment feed comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 50 parts of corn, 25 parts of soybean, 8 parts of soybean meal and 2 parts of wheat bran.
5. The preparation method of the anti-diarrhea pig creep feed according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the preparation method specifically comprises the following steps:
s1: weighing chitosan oligosaccharide, adding into water, heating to 40-50 deg.C, maintaining the temperature, stirring, and dissolving to obtain chitosan solution;
s2: adding fish meal into the pretreated material, stirring and mixing uniformly, spraying a chitosan solution intermittently until the water content of the mixture is increased to 18-20%, adding milk powder, soybean oil, an acremonium terricola culture, lysine, methionine, enterococcus faecalis and salt, stirring and mixing uniformly, adding the chitosan solution again, adjusting the water content of the material to 23-25%, standing for 6-8h, and granulating to obtain the creep feed.
6. The method for preparing the anti-diarrhea pig creep feed according to claim 5, wherein the pretreatment feed is prepared by the following steps:
a1: respectively taking corn, soybean meal and wheat bran, uniformly stirring, adding a sodium bicarbonate aqueous solution, soaking for 12-24h, filtering to obtain filtrate and filter residue, washing the filter residue to be neutral, freeze-drying, placing in a bulking machine, carrying out variable-temperature differential pressure bulking treatment, cooling to room temperature, carrying out secondary freeze-drying until the water content is less than 5%, and grinding into powder by using a mortar to obtain mixed powder;
a2: adding auxiliary agent particles into the mixed powder, stirring and uniformly mixing, then placing the mixed powder into a fermentation kettle, adding cellulase and xylanase, stirring and uniformly mixing, heating to 45-55 ℃, preserving heat for 48-72 hours, introducing air every 6-12 hours during the heat preservation period, separating the auxiliary agent particles after the fermentation is finished, and performing filter pressing to obtain a solid and drying to obtain the pretreatment material.
7. The preparation method of the anti-diarrhea pig creep feed according to claim 6, wherein the temperature and pressure difference puffing treatment specifically comprises the following steps: placing the filter residue after freeze drying in a bulking machine, heating the filter residue to 220 ℃ with steam, preserving the heat for 5-10min, and instantly releasing the pressure until the pressure in the bulking machine is reduced to 250pa of 150 ℃, and keeping the temperature at 75-80 ℃ for 1-2 h.
8. The preparation method of the anti-diarrhea pig creep feed according to claim 7, wherein the auxiliary particles are prepared by taking iron-doped activated carbon particles as a carrier, loading nano calcium oxide on the carrier and then wrapping a gelatin protective layer, wherein the gelatin protective layer is of a honeycomb porous structure.
9. The preparation method of the anti-diarrhea pig creep feed according to claim 7, wherein the preparation method of the auxiliary agent particles comprises the following specific steps:
preparation of the carrier: adding ferrous sulfate heptahydrate into deionized water, stirring and dissolving to obtain a ferrous sulfate solution, weighing activated carbon, adding the activated carbon into the ferrous sulfate solution, ultrasonically mixing uniformly, standing and adsorbing for 2-3h, then dropwise adding a saturated sodium borohydride solution under the nitrogen atmosphere, after dropwise adding, performing heat preservation reaction for 1h in a shaking table, after the reaction is finished, filtering, and washing a filter cake with absolute ethyl alcohol to obtain iron-doped activated carbon particles, namely carrier particles;
loading: ultrasonically cleaning the prepared carrier particles, drying, stirring and dispersing the carrier particles in a calcium nitrate solution, oscillating and adsorbing until the carrier particles are saturated, filtering, drying a filter cake, putting the dried filter cake into a tubular furnace, heating to 600-650 ℃ in a nitrogen atmosphere, and calcining to obtain composite particles;
coating: weighing gelatin, adding the gelatin into deionized water, stirring and dissolving, adding a glutaraldehyde solution, immediately spraying and coating the surface of the composite particles, repeatedly spraying for 2-3 times, standing for 4-6h for solidification, pre-freezing at the temperature of-15 to-10 ℃, and freeze-drying at the temperature of-45 to-40 ℃ to obtain the auxiliary agent particles.
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