CN114583677B - Direct current breaker based on mechanical switch series connection and direct current switching-on and switching-off method - Google Patents
Direct current breaker based on mechanical switch series connection and direct current switching-on and switching-off method Download PDFInfo
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- CN114583677B CN114583677B CN202011392511.4A CN202011392511A CN114583677B CN 114583677 B CN114583677 B CN 114583677B CN 202011392511 A CN202011392511 A CN 202011392511A CN 114583677 B CN114583677 B CN 114583677B
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- extinguishing chamber
- direct current
- arc
- mechanical switch
- grid
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 13
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 230000002457 bidirectional effect Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000008033 biological extinction Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001052 transient effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
- H02H9/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for limiting excess current or voltage without disconnection
- H02H9/08—Limitation or suppression of earth fault currents, e.g. Petersen coil
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
- H01H33/60—Switches wherein the means for extinguishing or preventing the arc do not include separate means for obtaining or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid
- H01H33/66—Vacuum switches
- H01H33/664—Contacts; Arc-extinguishing means, e.g. arcing rings
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
- H01H9/30—Means for extinguishing or preventing arc between current-carrying parts
- H01H9/34—Stationary parts for restricting or subdividing the arc, e.g. barrier plate
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/60—Arrangements for transfer of electric power between AC networks or generators via a high voltage DC link [HVCD]
Landscapes
- High-Tension Arc-Extinguishing Switches Without Spraying Means (AREA)
- Driving Mechanisms And Operating Circuits Of Arc-Extinguishing High-Tension Switches (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a direct current breaker based on mechanical switch series connection and a direct current breaking method, wherein the direct current breaker comprises a main through-flow branch, a transfer branch and an energy absorption branch, and the main through-flow branch, the transfer branch and the energy absorption branch are connected in parallel; the main through-flow branch is formed by connecting a vacuum arc-extinguishing chamber quick mechanical switch and a grid arc-extinguishing chamber quick mechanical switch in series. Compared with the forced commutation type hybrid direct current breaker, the direct current breaker based on mechanical switch series connection reduces the forced commutation device, thereby reducing the volume of the direct current breaker, lowering the cost of the direct current breaker, and having the characteristics of high switching-on and switching-off speed and high reliability because the direct current is switched off by utilizing natural commutation.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of direct current breakers, which are one of key equipment of a direct current power grid, and particularly relates to a direct current breaker based on mechanical switch series connection and a direct current switching method.
Background
The flexible direct current power grid has more complicated and diversified system main wiring structures and operation modes, so that the direct current system has more fault modes, rapid fault development and wide influence range. Therefore, an effective fault isolation technology of the flexible direct current power grid is urgently needed to ensure safe and reliable operation of the flexible direct current power grid. The direct current circuit breaker is the most ideal choice for realizing direct current fault isolation in a direct current power transmission and distribution system. The hybrid dc circuit breaker is one of the main development directions of the high-voltage dc circuit breaker because of the fast switching characteristics of the solid-state dc circuit breaker and the low-loss characteristics of the mechanical dc circuit breaker. However, the current medium-voltage high-current direct-current circuit breaker has the problems of large volume, high loss, poor reliability and the like which need to be solved.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the invention provides a direct current breaker based on mechanical switch series connection.
The invention relates to a direct current breaker based on mechanical switch series connection, which comprises a main through current branch, a transfer branch and an energy absorption branch,
wherein,
the main through-flow branch, the transfer branch and the energy absorption branch are connected in parallel;
the main through-flow branch is formed by connecting a vacuum arc-extinguishing chamber quick mechanical switch and a grid arc-extinguishing chamber quick mechanical switch in series.
Further, the method comprises the steps of,
the energy absorption branch is formed by a metal oxide varistor.
Further, the method comprises the steps of,
the transfer branch is formed by connecting two-way solid-state switches in series.
Further, the method comprises the steps of,
the bi-directional solid state switch is comprised of fully controlled power electronics.
Further, the method comprises the steps of,
the fully controlled power electronic device is selected from the following: insulated gate bipolar transistors, integrated gate commutated thyristors, and gate injection enhancement transistors.
Further, the method comprises the steps of,
the bidirectional topology of the bidirectional solid state switch is selected from the following structures: an anti-series structure, a full bridge structure, and a diode bridge structure.
Further, the method comprises the steps of,
and the vacuum arc-extinguishing chamber in the vacuum arc-extinguishing chamber quick mechanical switch and the grid arc-extinguishing chamber in the grid arc-extinguishing chamber quick mechanical switch are respectively connected with an RC voltage equalizing circuit in parallel.
Further, the method comprises the steps of,
the RC voltage equalizing circuit comprises a voltage equalizing capacitor C, a voltage equalizing resistor R1 and a current limiting resistor R2,
wherein,
the voltage-sharing capacitor C and the current-limiting resistor R2 form a voltage-sharing serial structure C-R2;
the voltage equalizing serial structure C-R2 is connected with the voltage equalizing resistor R1 in parallel.
The invention also provides a direct current breaking method, which adopts the direct current breaker based on the mechanical switch series connection to break current, and when the direct current system is blocked, a breaking instruction is sent to the direct current breaker to control the rapid mechanical switch of the vacuum arc-extinguishing chamber and the rapid mechanical switch of the grid-slice arc-extinguishing chamber to break.
Further, through the switching-off action of the vacuum arc-extinguishing chamber quick mechanical switch and the grid sheet arc-extinguishing chamber quick mechanical switch, the switching-off mechanism enables: 1. the switching-off action of the vacuum arc-extinguishing chamber quick mechanical switch and the grid arc-extinguishing chamber quick mechanical switch generates higher arc voltage, so that fault current is transferred to a transfer branch; 2. after the contacts of the quick mechanical switch of the vacuum arc-extinguishing chamber and the quick mechanical switch of the grid-plate arc-extinguishing chamber are subjected to arc extinction, the contact gaps of the quick mechanical switch of the vacuum arc-extinguishing chamber and the quick mechanical switch of the grid-plate arc-extinguishing chamber bear the transient recovery voltage of the direct current system, and then an off instruction is sent to the direct current breaker to control the turn-off of the bidirectional solid-state switch in the transfer branch.
Compared with the forced commutation type hybrid direct current breaker, the direct current breaker based on mechanical switch series connection reduces the forced commutation device, thereby reducing the volume of the direct current breaker, lowering the cost of the direct current breaker, and having the characteristics of high switching-on and switching-off speed and high reliability because the direct current is switched off by utilizing natural commutation.
Additional features and advantages of the invention will be set forth in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention. The objectives and other advantages of the invention may be realized and attained by the structure particularly pointed out in the written description and claims hereof as well as the appended drawings.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings that are required in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly described, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
Fig. 1 shows a schematic diagram of a dc breaker based on a series connection of mechanical switches according to an embodiment of the invention;
fig. 2 shows a schematic diagram of a typical structure of a gate arc extinguishing chamber according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 shows a schematic diagram of an RC voltage equalizing circuit topology according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 shows a schematic diagram of an electromagnetic repulsion operating mechanism according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 5 shows an equivalent circuit diagram of an electromagnetic repulsion operating mechanism according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
For the purpose of making the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention more apparent, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
Fig. 1 shows a schematic diagram of a dc breaker based on a series connection of mechanical switches according to the invention. As can be seen from fig. 1, the mechanical switch series-based dc circuit breaker of the present invention comprises a main current branch, a transfer branch and an energy absorption branch connected in parallel. The main through-flow branch consists of a vacuum arc-extinguishing chamber quick mechanical switch and a grid arc-extinguishing chamber quick mechanical switch which are connected in series; the transfer branch consists of a bidirectional solid-state switch, the bidirectional solid-state switch can be formed by fully-controlled power electronic devices such as an insulated gate bipolar transistor (Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor, IGBT), an integrated gate commutated thyristor (integrated Gate Commutated Thyristors, IGCT) and a gate injection enhancement transistor (Injection Enhanced Gate Transistor, IEGT), and the bidirectional topological structure of the bidirectional solid-state switch can be an anti-series structure, a full-bridge structure and a diode bridge structure; the energy absorption branch consists of metal oxide piezoresistors (Metal Oxide Varistors, MOV).
The direct current breaker based on mechanical switch series connection of the invention greatly improves the current conversion speed by utilizing the high arc voltage characteristic of the grid arc extinguishing chamber. A typical structure of a grid arc-extinguishing chamber is shown in fig. 2, the grid arc-extinguishing chamber comprises an arc-extinguishing grid 1 and a contact 2, an arc 3 can be formed between the contacts 2 by discharging, and an arrow in fig. 2 shows electromagnetic force and direction.
RC voltage equalizing circuits which are reasonably arranged at two ends of the vacuum arc-extinguishing chamber and the grid arc-extinguishing chamber in parallel are respectively connected, so that the vacuum arc-extinguishing chamber can bear main arc-back recovery voltage, the defect of low withstand voltage of the grid arc-extinguishing chamber is overcome, and the circuit breaker is suitable for a medium-voltage direct-current system with the voltage of more than 10 kV. The topology of the RC voltage equalizing circuit is shown in fig. 3, and comprises a voltage equalizing capacitor C, a voltage equalizing resistor R1 and a current limiting resistor R2. The voltage-sharing capacitor C and the current-limiting resistor R2 form a voltage-sharing serial structure C-R2, and the voltage-sharing serial structure C-R2 is connected with the voltage-sharing resistor R1 in parallel.
The direct current breaker based on mechanical switch series connection utilizes the electromagnetic repulsion force operating mechanism to drive the vacuum arc-extinguishing chamber quick mechanical switch and the moving contact of the grid arc-extinguishing chamber quick mechanical switch, so that the action speed of the mechanical switch is improved, and the direct current breaker is suitable for direct current breaking with high current rising rate. A typical structure of the electromagnetic repulsion operating mechanism is shown in FIG. 4, and comprises an insulation pull rod and two coil brackets on the insulation pull rod: the switching-on coil is arranged in the second coil support, and the metal disc is arranged on the second coil support towards the first coil support. The closing and opening positions of the metal disc in the electromagnetic repulsion operating mechanism are schematically shown in fig. 4. Fig. 5 shows an equivalent circuit diagram of the electromagnetic repulsion operating mechanism. As can be seen from fig. 5, in the electromagnetic repulsion force operating mechanism, the metal disc is disposed adjacent to the coil (i.e., the opening coil and the closing coil in fig. 4), and the coil and the switch S are connected in series to form a coil-switch series structure, the coil-switch series structure is connected in parallel with the capacitor C and the diode D, the anode of the diode D is connected to one end of the coil, the cathode of the diode D is connected to one end of the switch S, and the other end of the switch S is connected to the other end of the coil.
The invention also provides a direct current breaking method based on the direct current breaker, which comprises the following steps: when the direct current system of the direct current breaker based on mechanical switch series connection is in fault (the fault forms are various, such as a single pole to ground fault and an interelectrode short circuit fault of the direct current system side, etc.), the opening command is sent out by the direct current system control protection system, and the direct current breaker receives the opening command and simultaneously opens the quick mechanical switch of the vacuum arc-extinguishing chamber and the quick mechanical switch of the grid arc-extinguishing chamber to form higher arc voltage; when the contact opening distance of the vacuum arc-extinguishing chamber quick mechanical switch and the grid arc-extinguishing chamber quick mechanical switch reaches a certain distance, the bidirectional solid-state switch module in the transfer branch is conducted, the fault current (namely, the current flowing through the direct current line in the direct current system after the direct current system breaks down) is naturally transferred from the main through-flow branch to the transfer branch, and when the current of the quick mechanical switch crosses zero, the contact is in arc extinction. And then, the contacts of the quick mechanical switch of the vacuum arc-extinguishing chamber and the quick mechanical switch of the grid-plate arc-extinguishing chamber continue to perform opening movement, after the contact gap can bear the transient recovery voltage of the system, the direct current system controls the protection system to send a turn-off instruction to turn off the bidirectional solid-state switch in the transfer branch, so that fault current is transferred to the energy absorption branch, the voltage between the direct current circuit breakers is limited by the energy absorption branch, and meanwhile, the fault current gradually drops to zero.
Compared with the existing forced current-converting hybrid direct-current circuit breaker, the direct-current circuit breaker based on mechanical switch serial connection has the advantages that the forced current-converting device is reduced due to the adoption of a natural current-converting mode, the size of the direct-current circuit breaker can be further reduced, the cost of the direct-current circuit breaker is reduced, and the direct-current circuit breaker is fast in switching-on speed and high in reliability due to the fact that the direct-current circuit breaker is switched on and off by utilizing the natural current-converting mode.
Although the invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical scheme described in the foregoing embodiments can be modified or some technical features thereof can be replaced by equivalents; such modifications and substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. A DC breaker based on mechanical switch series connection is characterized by comprising a main current branch, a transfer branch and an energy absorption branch,
wherein,
the main through-flow branch, the transfer branch and the energy absorption branch are connected in parallel;
the main through-flow branch consists of a vacuum arc-extinguishing chamber quick mechanical switch and a grid arc-extinguishing chamber quick mechanical switch which are connected in series; the vacuum arc-extinguishing chamber in the vacuum arc-extinguishing chamber quick mechanical switch and the grid arc-extinguishing chamber in the grid arc-extinguishing chamber quick mechanical switch are respectively connected with an RC voltage equalizing circuit in parallel; the RC voltage-sharing circuit comprises a voltage-sharing capacitor C, a voltage-sharing resistor R1 and a current-limiting resistor R2, wherein the voltage-sharing capacitor C and the current-limiting resistor R2 form a voltage-sharing serial structure C-R2; the voltage equalizing serial structure C-R2 is connected with the voltage equalizing resistor R1 in parallel; the grid arc extinguishing chamber comprises arc extinguishing grid plates and contacts, and electric arcs are formed by discharging between the contacts; RC voltage equalizing circuits are respectively connected in parallel with two ends of the vacuum arc extinguishing chamber and the grid sheet arc extinguishing chamber, so that the vacuum arc extinguishing chamber is subjected to main arc and then recovers voltage;
the vacuum arc-extinguishing chamber rapid mechanical switch and the moving contact of the grid sheet arc-extinguishing chamber rapid mechanical switch are driven by an electromagnetic repulsion force operating mechanism, the electromagnetic repulsion force operating mechanism comprises an insulating pull rod, a first coil support and a second coil support, wherein the first coil support is internally provided with a brake-separating coil, the second coil support is internally provided with a brake-closing coil, and the second coil support is provided with a metal disc towards the first coil support; the switching-on coil, the switching-off coil and the switch S are connected in series to form a coil-switch series structure, the coil-switch series structure is respectively connected with the capacitor C and the diode D in parallel, the anode of the diode D is connected with one end of the coil, the cathode of the diode D is connected with one end of the switch S, and the other end of the switch S is connected to the other end of the coil;
the direct current breaker based on the mechanical switch series connection is adopted to break the current, and when the direct current system is blocked, a brake-separating instruction is sent to the direct current breaker to control the quick mechanical switch of the vacuum arc-extinguishing chamber and the quick mechanical switch of the grid arc-extinguishing chamber to separate the brake;
through the brake separating action of the vacuum arc-extinguishing chamber quick mechanical switch and the grid arc-extinguishing chamber quick mechanical switch, the device is made to: 1. the switching-off action of the vacuum arc-extinguishing chamber quick mechanical switch and the grid arc-extinguishing chamber quick mechanical switch generates higher arc voltage, so that fault current is transferred to a transfer branch; 2. after the contacts of the quick mechanical switch of the vacuum arc-extinguishing chamber and the quick mechanical switch of the grid-plate arc-extinguishing chamber are subjected to arc extinction, the contact gaps of the quick mechanical switch of the vacuum arc-extinguishing chamber and the quick mechanical switch of the grid-plate arc-extinguishing chamber bear the transient recovery voltage of the direct current system, and then an off instruction is sent to the direct current breaker to control the turn-off of the bidirectional solid-state switch in the transfer branch.
2. A direct current breaker based on series connection of mechanical switches as claimed in claim 1, wherein,
the energy absorption branch is formed by a metal oxide varistor.
3. A direct current breaker based on series connection of mechanical switches as claimed in claim 2, wherein,
the transfer branch is formed by connecting two-way solid-state switches in series.
4. A direct current breaker based on series connection of mechanical switches as claimed in claim 3, wherein,
the bi-directional solid state switch is comprised of fully controlled power electronics.
5. A direct current breaker based on series connection of mechanical switches as claimed in claim 4 wherein,
the fully controlled power electronic device is selected from the following: insulated gate bipolar transistors, integrated gate commutated thyristors, and gate injection enhancement transistors.
6. A direct current breaker based on series connection of mechanical switches as claimed in claim 4 wherein,
the bidirectional topology of the bidirectional solid state switch is selected from the following structures: an anti-series structure, a full bridge structure, and a diode bridge structure.
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| CN202011392511.4A CN114583677B (en) | 2020-12-01 | 2020-12-01 | Direct current breaker based on mechanical switch series connection and direct current switching-on and switching-off method |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202011392511.4A CN114583677B (en) | 2020-12-01 | 2020-12-01 | Direct current breaker based on mechanical switch series connection and direct current switching-on and switching-off method |
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| CN114583677B true CN114583677B (en) | 2024-03-12 |
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