CN114583677A - Direct-current circuit breaker based on mechanical switch series connection and direct-current switching-on/off method - Google Patents

Direct-current circuit breaker based on mechanical switch series connection and direct-current switching-on/off method Download PDF

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Publication number
CN114583677A
CN114583677A CN202011392511.4A CN202011392511A CN114583677A CN 114583677 A CN114583677 A CN 114583677A CN 202011392511 A CN202011392511 A CN 202011392511A CN 114583677 A CN114583677 A CN 114583677A
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China
Prior art keywords
mechanical switch
direct current
branch
voltage
circuit breaker
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CN202011392511.4A
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CN114583677B (en
Inventor
余占清
曾嵘
屈鲁
甘之正
严鑫
黄瑜珑
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Tsinghua University
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Tsinghua University
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02HEMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H9/00Emergency protective circuit arrangements for limiting excess current or voltage without disconnection
    • H02H9/08Limitation or suppression of earth fault currents, e.g. Petersen coil
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01HELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/60Switches wherein the means for extinguishing or preventing the arc do not include separate means for obtaining or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid
    • H01H33/66Vacuum switches
    • H01H33/664Contacts; Arc-extinguishing means, e.g. arcing rings
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01HELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H9/00Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
    • H01H9/30Means for extinguishing or preventing arc between current-carrying parts
    • H01H9/34Stationary parts for restricting or subdividing the arc, e.g. barrier plate
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/60Arrangements for transfer of electric power between AC networks or generators via a high voltage DC link [HVCD]

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  • High-Tension Arc-Extinguishing Switches Without Spraying Means (AREA)
  • Driving Mechanisms And Operating Circuits Of Arc-Extinguishing High-Tension Switches (AREA)

Abstract

The invention provides a direct current circuit breaker based on mechanical switch series connection and a direct current on-off method, wherein the direct current circuit breaker comprises a main through-current branch, a transfer branch and an energy absorption branch, wherein the main through-current branch, the transfer branch and the energy absorption branch are connected in parallel; the main through-flow branch is formed by connecting a vacuum arc-extinguishing chamber quick mechanical switch and a grid sheet arc-extinguishing chamber quick mechanical switch in series. Compared with a forced commutation type hybrid direct current breaker, the direct current breaker based on the serial connection of the mechanical switches reduces forced commutation devices, further can reduce the volume of the direct current breaker, reduces the cost of the direct current breaker, and has the characteristics of high breaking speed and high reliability because the direct current breaking is realized by utilizing natural commutation.

Description

Direct-current circuit breaker based on mechanical switch series connection and direct-current switching-on/off method
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of direct current breakers, one of key devices of a direct current power grid, and particularly relates to a direct current breaker based on mechanical switch series connection and a direct current breaking method.
Background
The flexible direct current power grid is more complex and diverse in system main wiring structure and operation mode, so that the direct current system has multiple fault modes, fast fault development and wide influence range. Therefore, an effective fault isolation technology of the flexible direct current power grid is urgently needed to ensure safe and reliable operation of the flexible direct current power grid. The direct current breaker is the most ideal choice for realizing direct current fault isolation in the direct current transmission and distribution system. Due to the quick on-off characteristic of the solid-state dc circuit breaker and the low loss characteristic of the mechanical dc circuit breaker, the hybrid dc circuit breaker becomes one of the main development directions of the high voltage dc circuit breaker. However, the current medium-voltage high-current direct-current circuit breaker has the problems of large volume, high loss, poor reliability and the like which need to be solved urgently.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the invention provides a direct current breaker based on mechanical switch series connection.
The invention relates to a direct current breaker based on mechanical switch series connection, which comprises a main through-current branch, a transfer branch and an energy absorption branch,
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the main through-flow branch, the transfer branch and the energy absorption branch are connected in parallel;
the main through-flow branch is formed by connecting a vacuum arc-extinguishing chamber quick mechanical switch and a grid sheet arc-extinguishing chamber quick mechanical switch in series.
Further, in the present invention,
the energy absorption branch is composed of a metal oxide piezoresistor.
Further, in the present invention,
the transfer branch is formed by connecting bidirectional solid-state switches in series.
Further, in the present invention,
the bidirectional solid-state switch is composed of a full-control power electronic device.
Further, in the present invention,
the fully-controlled power electronic device is selected from the following devices: an insulated gate bipolar transistor, an integrated gate commutated thyristor, and a gate injection enhancement transistor.
Further, in the present invention,
the bidirectional topology of the bidirectional solid state switch is selected from the following structures: anti-series, full-bridge and diode bridge configurations.
Further, in the present invention,
and the vacuum arc-extinguishing chamber in the vacuum arc-extinguishing chamber quick mechanical switch and the grid arc-extinguishing chamber in the grid arc-extinguishing chamber quick mechanical switch are respectively connected with an RC voltage-sharing circuit in parallel.
Further, in the present invention,
the RC voltage-sharing circuit comprises a voltage-sharing capacitor C, a voltage-sharing resistor R1 and a current-limiting resistor R2,
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the voltage-sharing capacitor C and the current-limiting resistor R2 form a voltage-sharing series structure C-R2;
the voltage-sharing series structure C-R2 is connected with the voltage-sharing resistor R1 in parallel.
The invention also provides a direct current breaking method, the direct current breaking method adopts the direct current breaker based on the mechanical switch series connection to break current, when the direct current system is obstructed, a brake opening instruction is sent to the direct current breaker to control the rapid mechanical switch of the vacuum arc extinguish chamber and the rapid mechanical switch of the grid sheet arc extinguish chamber to open the brake.
Further, through the action of separating brake of vacuum interrupter quick mechanical switch and the quick mechanical switch of grid piece explosion chamber for: 1. the switching-off action of the vacuum arc extinguish chamber quick mechanical switch and the grid sheet arc extinguish chamber quick mechanical switch generates higher arc voltage, so that fault current is transferred to a transfer branch; 2. after the contacts of the vacuum arc extinguish chamber quick mechanical switch and the grid sheet arc extinguish chamber quick mechanical switch are extinguished, the contact gaps of the vacuum arc extinguish chamber quick mechanical switch and the grid sheet arc extinguish chamber quick mechanical switch bear the transient recovery voltage of the direct current system, and then the direct current circuit breaker sends a turn-off instruction to control the turn-off of the bidirectional solid state switch in the transfer branch.
Compared with a forced commutation type hybrid direct current breaker, the direct current breaker based on the mechanical switch series connection reduces forced commutation devices, further can reduce the volume of the direct current breaker, reduces the cost of the direct current breaker, and has the characteristics of high breaking speed and high reliability because natural commutation is utilized to realize direct current breaking.
Additional features and advantages of the invention will be set forth in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention. The objectives and other advantages of the invention will be realized and attained by the structure particularly pointed out in the written description and claims hereof as well as the appended drawings.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 shows a schematic diagram of a dc circuit breaker based on a series connection of mechanical switches according to an embodiment of the invention;
figure 2 shows a schematic diagram of an exemplary structure of a grid arc chute according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 3 shows a schematic diagram of a topology of an RC voltage grading circuit according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic view illustrating a principle of an electromagnetic repulsive force actuator according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 5 shows an equivalent circuit diagram of the electromagnetic repulsion actuator according to the embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Fig. 1 shows a schematic diagram of a dc circuit breaker based on a series connection of mechanical switches according to the invention. As can be seen from fig. 1, the series-connected dc circuit breaker based on mechanical switches of the present invention includes a main current branch, a transfer branch and an energy absorption branch connected in parallel. The main through-flow branch is formed by connecting a vacuum arc-extinguishing chamber quick mechanical switch and a grid sheet arc-extinguishing chamber quick mechanical switch in series; the transfer branch is composed of a bidirectional solid-state switch, the bidirectional solid-state switch can be formed by fully-controlled power electronic devices such as an Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor (IGBT), an Integrated Gate Commutated Thyristor (IGCT), a Gate Injection Enhanced Transistor (IEGT), and the like, and the bidirectional topological structure of the bidirectional solid-state switch can adopt an anti-series structure, a full-bridge structure and a diode bridge structure; the energy absorption branch is composed of a Metal Oxide Varistors (MOV).
The direct current circuit breaker based on the mechanical switch series connection greatly improves the current conversion speed by utilizing the high arc voltage characteristic of the grid arc extinguish chamber. A typical structure of a grid arc-extinguishing chamber is shown in fig. 2, the grid arc-extinguishing chamber comprises an arc-extinguishing grid 1 and contacts 2, and an arc 3 can be formed by discharging between the contacts 2, and arrows in fig. 2 show electromagnetic force and direction.
RC voltage-sharing circuits which are reasonably configured are respectively connected in parallel at two ends of the vacuum arc-extinguishing chamber and the grid arc-extinguishing chamber, so that the vacuum arc-extinguishing chamber bears main voltage recovered after arc, the defect of low voltage resistance of the grid arc-extinguishing chamber is overcome, and the circuit breaker is suitable for a medium-voltage direct-current system with the voltage of more than 10 kV. The topology of the RC voltage-sharing circuit is shown in FIG. 3, and comprises a voltage-sharing capacitor C, a voltage-sharing resistor R1 and a current-limiting resistor R2. The voltage-sharing capacitor C and the current-limiting resistor R2 form a voltage-sharing series structure C-R2, and the voltage-sharing series structure C-R2 is connected with the voltage-sharing resistor R1 in parallel.
The direct current circuit breaker based on the mechanical switch series connection utilizes the electromagnetic repulsion operating mechanism to drive the moving contacts of the vacuum arc extinguish chamber quick mechanical switch and the grid piece arc extinguish chamber quick mechanical switch, improves the action speed of the mechanical switch, and is suitable for direct current on-off with high current rise rate. A typical structure of the electromagnetic repulsion operating mechanism is shown in fig. 4, and includes an insulating pull rod and two coil brackets on the insulating pull rod: the first coil support and the second coil support are provided with a switching-off coil, a switching-on coil and a metal disc. The closing position and the opening position of the metal disc in the electromagnetic repulsion actuating mechanism are schematically shown in fig. 4. Fig. 5 shows an equivalent circuit diagram of the electromagnetic repulsion actuator. As shown in fig. 5, in the electromagnetic repulsion operation mechanism, the metal plate is disposed adjacent to the coil (i.e., the opening coil and the closing coil in fig. 4), and the coil is connected in series with the switch S to form a coil-switch series structure, the coil-switch series structure is respectively connected in parallel with the capacitor C and the diode D, the anode of the diode D is connected to one end of the coil, the cathode of the diode D is connected to one end of the switch S, and the other end of the switch S is connected to the other end of the coil.
The invention also provides a direct current on-off method based on the direct current breaker, and the direct current on-off method comprises the following steps: when a direct current system of the direct current circuit breaker based on the mechanical switch series connection has faults (the fault forms are various, such as single pole-to-ground fault on the direct current system side, interelectrode short circuit fault and the like), a brake opening instruction is sent out by a direct current system control protection system, and after receiving the brake opening instruction, the direct current circuit breaker simultaneously opens a vacuum arc extinguish chamber quick mechanical switch and a grid sheet arc extinguish chamber quick mechanical switch to form higher arc voltage; when the contact opening distance of the vacuum arc extinguish chamber quick mechanical switch and the grid sheet arc extinguish chamber quick mechanical switch reaches a certain distance, the bidirectional solid state switch module in the transfer branch is conducted, the higher arc voltage enables fault current (namely current flowing through a direct current line in a direct current system after the direct current system breaks down) to be naturally transferred from the main through-flow branch to the transfer branch, and when the quick mechanical switch current crosses zero, the contact is extinguished. And then, the contacts of the vacuum arc-extinguishing chamber quick mechanical switch and the grid-plate arc-extinguishing chamber quick mechanical switch continue to perform opening movement, after the contact gap can bear the transient recovery voltage of the system, the direct-current system control protection system sends out a switching-off instruction to switch off the bidirectional solid-state switch in the transfer branch, so that the fault current is transferred to the energy absorption branch, the voltage between the ends of the direct-current circuit breaker is limited by the energy absorption branch, and meanwhile, the fault current gradually drops to zero.
Compared with the existing forced current conversion type hybrid direct current circuit breaker, the direct current circuit breaker based on the mechanical switch series connection has the advantages that the forced current conversion device is reduced due to the adoption of a natural current conversion mode, the size of the direct current circuit breaker can be further reduced, the cost of the direct current circuit breaker is reduced, and the direct current circuit breaker is switched on and off by utilizing natural current conversion, so that the direct current circuit breaker has the characteristics of high switching speed and high reliability.
Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some technical features may be equivalently replaced; and such modifications or substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the corresponding technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. A direct current breaker based on mechanical switch series connection is characterized by comprising a main through-current branch, a transfer branch and an energy absorption branch,
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the main through-flow branch, the transfer branch and the energy absorption branch are connected in parallel;
the main through-flow branch is formed by connecting a vacuum arc-extinguishing chamber quick mechanical switch and a grid sheet arc-extinguishing chamber quick mechanical switch in series.
2. Direct current circuit breaker based on mechanical switch series connection according to claim 1,
the energy absorption branch is composed of a metal oxide piezoresistor.
3. A direct current circuit breaker based on mechanical switch series connection according to claim 2,
the transfer branch is formed by connecting bidirectional solid-state switches in series.
4. A direct current circuit breaker based on mechanical switch series connection according to claim 3,
the bidirectional solid-state switch is composed of a full-control power electronic device.
5. Direct current circuit breaker based on mechanical switch series connection according to claim 4,
the fully-controlled power electronic device is selected from the following devices: an insulated gate bipolar transistor, an integrated gate commutated thyristor, and a gate injection enhancement transistor.
6. A direct current circuit breaker based on mechanical switch series connection according to claim 4,
the bidirectional topology of the bidirectional solid-state switch is selected from the following structures: anti-series, full-bridge and diode bridge configurations.
7. A direct current circuit breaker based on mechanical switch series connection according to any one of claims 1-6,
and the vacuum arc-extinguishing chamber in the vacuum arc-extinguishing chamber quick mechanical switch and the grid arc-extinguishing chamber in the grid arc-extinguishing chamber quick mechanical switch are respectively connected with an RC voltage-sharing circuit in parallel.
8. Direct current circuit breaker based on mechanical switch series connection according to claim 7,
the RC voltage-sharing circuit comprises a voltage-sharing capacitor C, a voltage-sharing resistor R1 and a current-limiting resistor R2,
wherein, the first and the second end of the pipe are connected with each other,
the voltage-sharing capacitor C and the current-limiting resistor R2 form a voltage-sharing series structure C-R2;
the voltage-sharing series structure C-R2 is connected with the voltage-sharing resistor R1 in parallel.
9. The direct current breaking method is characterized in that the direct current breaking method adopts the direct current breaker based on the mechanical switch series connection as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 8 to break current, and when an obstacle occurs in a direct current system, a brake opening instruction is sent to the direct current breaker to control the rapid mechanical switch of the vacuum arc extinguish chamber and the rapid mechanical switch of the grid plate arc extinguish chamber to open.
10. The direct current breaking method according to claim 9, characterized in that by the opening action of the vacuum arc-extinguishing chamber fast mechanical switch and the grid arc-extinguishing chamber fast mechanical switch, the following steps are performed: 1. the switching-off action of the vacuum arc extinguish chamber quick mechanical switch and the grid sheet arc extinguish chamber quick mechanical switch generates higher arc voltage, so that fault current is transferred to a transfer branch; 2. after the contacts of the vacuum arc extinguish chamber quick mechanical switch and the grid sheet arc extinguish chamber quick mechanical switch are extinguished, the contact gaps of the vacuum arc extinguish chamber quick mechanical switch and the grid sheet arc extinguish chamber quick mechanical switch bear the transient recovery voltage of the direct current system, and then the direct current circuit breaker sends a turn-off instruction to control the turn-off of the bidirectional solid state switch in the transfer branch.
CN202011392511.4A 2020-12-01 2020-12-01 Direct current breaker based on mechanical switch series connection and direct current switching-on and switching-off method Active CN114583677B (en)

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